Crop Protection最新文献

{"title":"Stability analyses of charcoal rot resistance and yield-related traits in post-rainy sorghum genotypes using AMMI and MTSI in multi-environment trials","authors":"I.K. Das ,&nbsp;R. Madhusudhana ,&nbsp;Baswaraj R ,&nbsp;V.M. Gholve ,&nbsp;M.R. Govindappa ,&nbsp;N. Kannababu ,&nbsp;G. Girish","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Charcoal rot (CR), caused by <em>Macrophomina phaseolina</em>, is the most economically significant soil-borne disease of sorghum in many countries. The disease is highly influenced by the environment and known to be severe in high-yielding cultivars. Therefore, developing a CR resistant cultivar combined with high yield is challenging. Information on the relationship between traits associated with CR resistance and yield is lacking. This multi-environment study analysed genetic variation and relationships among the major traits associated with CR resistance—namely, CR index (CRI), CR lesion length (LL), and lodging (LOG); and yield—namely, grain yield (GY), stover yield (SY), and harvest index (HI) in popular post-rainy (Rabi) sorghum cultivars in India. The objective was to identify cultivar(s) that balance(s) stability and performance for both CR resistance and yield traits for pan-India presence. Eight cultivars were evaluated in replicated field trials across eight environments in India during the post-rainy seasons of 2018–2020. Most of the traits showed significant positive correlations with each other (p &lt; 0.05 to p &lt; 0.001). Environment-wise individual analysis of variance indicated significant variations for all traits in nearly all environments. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p &lt; 0.001) genotypic (G), environmental (E), and G × E interaction effects for all the traits. Based on performance on mean and stability, the top two genotypes in AMMI analysis were CSV26 and CSV29R. Analysis using the multi-trait stability index (MTSI) identified the cultivar CSV26 for combined performance on mean and stability, as well as stability alone, whereas CSV29R was identified for performance on mean alone. Among the eight tested cultivars, CSV26 was identified as the best genotype for performance on mean and stability in AMMI analysis, multi-trait stability index (MTSI) analysis, and based on predicted mean values in best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). CSV26 will serve as an important source material for developing stable sorghum cultivars for pan-India performance. The simultaneous use of data analysis methods, namely AMMI, MTSI, and BLUP, would be highly beneficial for plant breeders, enhancing the precision of selecting superior genotypes from multi-environment trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant volatiles from Mentha haplocalyx repel Grapholita molesta and decrease the infestation rate of apple fruits","authors":"Yunhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Fan Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziyu Hu ,&nbsp;Hengqiu Jia ,&nbsp;Zhaotan Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Donghai Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiping Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Grapholita molesta</em> is a globally prevalent fruit-boring pest characterized by its overlapping generations, resulting in annual economic losses. <em>Mentha haplocalyx</em>, as a functional plant, exhibits effective pest-repelling properties against a range of pests. To date, no studies have investigated the repellent effects of <em>M. haplocalyx</em> on <em>G. molesta</em>. through both field and laboratory investigations, <em>M. haplocalyx</em> reduced <em>G. molesta</em> fruit infestation from 33.00 % to 9.67 % in the field and from 77.78 % to 56.67 % in the laboratory. In the behavioral response experiment, the repellency rate of <em>M. haplocalyx</em> against 1-day-old unmated male and female <em>G. molesta</em> adults exceeded 80 %. Eight and five compounds that elicited electroantennographic detection responses in female and male <em>G. molesta</em> adults, respectively, were identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The electroantennogram responses revealed that all of the tested active compounds elicited antennal sensitivity. The olfactory behavioral response experiments revealed that among the 8 electroantennographic detection active compounds tested in female adults, 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one (0.1, 1, and 10 μL/mL), ether (0.1 μL/mL), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (0.1 and 1 μL/mL), ethyl 3-methyl-2-butenoate (1 μL/mL), decanal (1 μL/mL), p-xylene (1 and 10 μL/mL), and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (10 μL/mL) exhibited significant repellent effects on female <em>G. molesta</em> adults, but decamethylcyclopentasiloxane did not demonstrate tropism at all of the tested concentrations. In male adults, ethyl isovalerate (0.1, 1, and 10 μL/mL), benzoylthiocarbimide (0.1 μL/mL), ethyl carbonate (0.1 and 1 μL/mL), nonanal (0.1 and 1 μL/mL), and 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one (1 and 10 μL/mL) showed significant repellent effects. This study proposes an innovative intercropping strategy that can effectively suppress <em>G. molesta</em>, thereby providing valuable insights for sustainable and eco-friendly pest management in agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual IAPPS Governing Board meeting – Sept 5, 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of Pyrethroid Resistance in the bruchid beetle, Bruchus rufimanus, in Ireland","authors":"Antoine Pichon ,&nbsp;Stephen Byrne ,&nbsp;Sheila Alves ,&nbsp;Eamon Nolan ,&nbsp;Louise McNamara","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bruchus rufimanus</em> Boh. (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae) is a significant pest of <em>Vicia faba</em> L. (faba bean), adversely affecting yield and grain quality. The primary control method currently employed against this pest involves the application of a pyrethroid insecticide when the initial bean pods emerge in the field and the temperature reaches 20 °C for two consecutive days. However, potential resistance to pyrethroids has been observed in <em>B. rufimanus</em> populations in Europe. This study provides substantial evidence for resistance to a pyrethroid λ-cyhalothrin in an Irish population of <em>B. rufimanus.</em> The results demonstrate resistance with an LD50 of 114 % compared to the maximum individual dose allowed of 7.5g a.i./ha. The mechanism of resistance involves metabolic resistance, as evidenced by an increase in the efficacy of λ-cyhalothrin when combined with Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO), a synergist that inhibits detoxifying enzymes. Additionally, the population was examined for the L1014F mutation in the VGSC gene, which is responsible for most cases of pyrethroid resistance in Chrysomelidae, and no L1014F mutation was identified. Our results describe for the first time the presence of pyrethroid resistance in <em>B. rufimanus</em> in Ireland. This work emphasises the difficulties in controlling <em>B. rufimanus</em> with insecticide and highlights the requirement to study the evolution of resistance in populations to provide an appropriate management strategy to growers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of the predator green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea for resistance to chlorfenapyr: stability, cross resistance, and fitness cost","authors":"Muhammad Abubakar ,&nbsp;Sarfraz Ali Shad","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An effective way to solve the problem of resistance development in pest populations is to integrate chemical and biological control. One hurdle to this combined strategy is the susceptibility of biocontrol agents to sprayed insecticides. In this study, a population of <em>Chrysoperla carnea</em> (Stephens) named Pirate-Sel was selected with chlorfenapyr to determine the gain in resistance, stability, and fitness cost. Pirate-Sel strain developed significantly high resistance (306.64 fold) after 18 generations of selection when compared with the laboratory susceptible population of <em>C. carnea.</em> The Pirate-Sel strain did not show cross-resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin (resistance ratio, RR = 0.64), spirotetramat (RR = 0.48), and triazofos (RR = 0.94). The Pirate-Sel strain was further reared for 5 generations without selection pressure resulting in a significant decrease of its resistance from 94329.29 mg of a.i./L to 22760.64 mg of a.i./L with a decrease in resistance ratio from 306.64-fold to 73.99-folds compared to the susceptible population. Two reciprocal crosses between Pirate-Sel and Unselected strain (Unsel) of <em>C. carnea</em> were also maintained in the laboratory; Cross-A (Pirate-Sel ♀ × Unsel ♂) and Cross-B (Unsel ♀ × Pirate-Sel ♂). The result of the fitness experiment showed that the egg hatching (%), pupation rate (%), and fecundity of Pirate-Sel population remained statistically similar to that of the Unsel population. The mean relative fitness value of Pirate-Sel, Unsel, Susceptible, Cross-A, and Cross-B strains of <em>C. carnea</em> was 1.17, 1.00, 0.77, 0.89, and 0.98, respectively. In conclusion, the development of high chlorfenapyr resistance in <em>C. carnea</em> did not affect negatively its biology, as resistance comes with no fitness cost. Our findings provide a basic knowledge of the integration of chemical and biological control for pest management with minimal or no negative effect on natural enemies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145359201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated management of peanut smut using Bacillus velezensis CHEP5, resistant genotypes, and a calcium-based amendment for sustainable production","authors":"Natalia Marcellino ,&nbsp;Marcos Darío Bongiovanni ,&nbsp;Úrsula Ana Loser ,&nbsp;Matías Ezequiel Rovere ,&nbsp;Lucía Beatriz Chimento ,&nbsp;Edmundo Guillermo Peiretti ,&nbsp;Mercedes Alicia Ibañez ,&nbsp;María Laura Tonelli","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Argentina is globally recognized as a leading producer of high-quality peanuts for the export market. However, peanut smut (<em>Thecaphora frezzii</em>) poses a significant threat to peanut production, causing substantial losses in both yield and quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the microbial biocontrol agent <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> CHEP5 (CHEP5), a calcium-based soil amendment (CA; 80 % CaCO₃ + 20 % CaSO₄), and resistant genotypes (Utré and LAx8, with Granoleico as a susceptible control) in reducing disease incidence and severity, and in improving yield, yield components, and nodulation. Three field trials were conducted in Córdoba, Argentina, from 2021 to 2024. Genotypes Utré and LAx8 consistently reduced smut incidence and severity, representing the most effective control strategy. In two of the three seasons, CA and CHEP5 also reduced disease levels, with average reductions in incidence ranging from 16.5 to 60.9 % and in severity from 20.5 to 60.1 %, depending on the genotype. In the wettest season, CA increased grain yield by an average of 10.8 %, while CHEP5 enhanced nodule formation by an average of 15.7 %. These findings support an integrated disease management approach, prioritizing genetic resistance and complemented by soil calcium amendments and microbial biocontrol agents, as a sustainable strategy for controlling peanut smut in Argentina.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity by contact of Bordeaux mixture but no behavioral responses of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma cordubensis","authors":"William Nusillard ,&nbsp;Denis Thiéry ,&nbsp;Yann Lelièvre ,&nbsp;Tessie Garinie ,&nbsp;Jacques Frandon ,&nbsp;Jérôme Moreau","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing use of pesticides is recognized as a threat to pest natural enemies. We investigated the effects of Bordeaux mixture, a fungicide widely used in viticulture, on <em>Trichogramma cordubensis</em>, a biological control agent used against the major vineyard pest <em>Lobesia botrana</em>. The lethal and sublethal effects of 20 g.L⁻¹ Bordeaux mixture on <em>T. cordubensis</em> were studied. To assess the potential persistence of Bordeaux mixture, each experiment was conducted at four different time scales after pesticide application. A first experiment aimed to assess the effects of surface contaminations to Bordeaux mixture on the longevity of <em>T. cordubensis</em>, which was reduced by 26 % when exposed to the fungicide. A second experiment aimed to assess the oviposition dynamics of <em>T. cordubensis</em> during the three first days after its emergence in contaminated or unexposed environments. No differences in oviposition were observed when <em>T. cordubensis</em> was exposed to Bordeaux mixture. A third experiment aimed to assess the oviposition choices of <em>T. cordubensis</em> between hosts on either contaminated or unexposed surfaces. No evidence of an oviposition deterrence was detected. Overall, surface contact with Bordeaux mixture was found harmless on <em>T. cordubensis</em> life parameters. Time after fungicide applications did not differently impact our results on longevity and behavior. However, time after both control and pesticide applications may have led to altered micro-environmental conditions affecting <em>T. cordubensis’</em> development. This study suggests that <em>T. cordubensis</em> inability to discriminate against a copper contaminated environment is a crucial factor in enhancing its effectiveness as a biological control agent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145359238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf spot disease on Viburnum odoratissimum caused by Corynespora cassiicola and Colletotrichum species in China","authors":"Feng Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Peng ,&nbsp;Kai Cai ,&nbsp;Haonan Wang ,&nbsp;Lifeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Xudong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Viburnum odoratissimum</em> Ker-Gawler is widely cultivated for ornamental purpose and phytochemical potential. Severe leaf spot disease of the plant was observed in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. The objective of the study was to determine the disease causal agents and to test their chemical susceptibility. The leaves with typical leaf spot symptoms were sampled, and a total number of 71 fungal isolates obtained. The isolates were assigned to two morphological groups, and multi-loci of selective isolates of each group were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis disclosed that they reside in the genera of Colletotrichum (<em>C</em>. <em>gloeosporioides</em>, <em>C. fructicola</em>, and <em>C. karstii</em>) and Corynespora (<em>Corynespora cassiicola</em>). The study represents the new host records of <em>C. fructicola</em> and <em>C. karstii</em>. The pathogenicity test showed that <em>Corynespora cassiicola</em> was most pathogenic to <em>V. odoratissimum</em> plants than three Colletotrichum species. The susceptibility to fungicides test disclosed that both <em>Corynespora cassiicola</em> and <em>C. fructicola</em> are sensitive to QoIs fungicides such as pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, and picoxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin demonstrated the most inhibitory activity. We thus propose to apply QoIs fungicides for <em>V. odoratissimum</em> leaf disease management. The study provides the knowledge on the pathogenic fungal species causing leaf spot disease on <em>V</em>. <em>odoratissimum</em> in China and the information on disease chemical control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145359202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wild sources for host plant resistance to Bemisia tabaci in watermelon: insights from behavioral and chemical analyses","authors":"Petrina McKenzie-Reynolds ,&nbsp;Isiaka A. Owolabi ,&nbsp;Anju Biswas ,&nbsp;Quentin D. Read ,&nbsp;Gaelen R. Burke ,&nbsp;Amnon Levi ,&nbsp;Alvin M. Simmons","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whitefly infestations, primarily due to <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), pose a serious threat to watermelon production, leading to significant yield losses and increased reliance on chemical pesticides. In this study, genotypes of the desert-watermelon <em>Citrullus colocynthis</em> (L.) Schrader and the cultivated watermelon (<em>C</em>. <em>lanatus</em> (Thunberg) Matsumura &amp; Nakai) were evaluated for resistance to <em>B. tabaci</em> using oviposition and vertical Y-tube olfactometer assays. In addition, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of plant volatiles was conducted. Among 13 wild accessions tested, two received statistically less oviposition, while all wild genotypes demonstrated statistically reduced attraction of adult whiteflies to plant volatiles as compared with a susceptible cultivar. GC-MS analysis identified phenol derivatives and sesquiterpenes as dominant volatiles in the <em>C. colocynthis</em> resistant accessions. The volatile blend of the wild United States Plant Introduction (PI)-542616 was dominated by phenolic derivatives, comprising nearly the entire profile, while PI-386019 released a greater proportion of antioxidant-rich phenolic esters. These differences highlight clear variation in the relative abundance of major chemical classes among accessions of <em>C. colocynthis</em>, which may contribute to differential resistance against <em>B. tabaci</em>. These findings help elucidate the biochemical and volatile-mediated whitefly-resistance mechanisms in <em>C. colocynthis</em>. By integrating resistant germplasm into integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, results from this research will advance sustainable watermelon production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The whitefly Bemisia tabaci transmits the Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus to chili plants treated with low-risk insecticides","authors":"Ernawati Djaya ,&nbsp;Iftitah Kartika Amaliah ,&nbsp;Nurul Arfiani ,&nbsp;Melina Melina ,&nbsp;Erwin Najamuddin ,&nbsp;Nurasiah Djaenuddin ,&nbsp;Amran Muis ,&nbsp;Ramlah Arief ,&nbsp;Muhammad Yasin ,&nbsp;Andi Nasruddin","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pepper yellow leaf curl Indovnesia virus (PepYLCIV) is a damaging disease of chili that can cause total yield loss. The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), persistently transmits the virus. The insect can also directly damage chili plants by sucking their sap. The study was conducted to determine the effects of inoculation pressure, insecticide dosage, and application timing on whitefly populations and the incidence and severity of PepYLCIV. The results showed that higher inoculation pressures caused increased whitefly survival rates and viral disease transmission. The efficacy of azadirachtin was found to be dose-dependent, with higher concentrations being more effective in reducing both whitefly survival and virus transmission. In contrast, imidacloprid demonstrated higher efficacy across all tested concentrations, eliminating whiteflies and preventing virus transmission. The timing of insecticide application is a crucial factor influencing vector survival and disease incidence. Longer intervals between application and the inoculation access period (IAP) resulted in diminished efficacy of the insecticides. Azadirachtin and imidacloprid provided effective protection against PepYLCIV for up to 2 and 10 days post-application, respectively. Imidacloprid was effective for immediate vector control, while azadirachtin is effective at higher concentrations. Applying imidacloprid at the action threshold level could rapidly reduce the insect population, followed by azadirachtin application to maintain low population levels. The study results could be incorporated into an integrated management strategy to extend imidacloprid's efficacy against <em>B. tabaci</em> and concomitantly reduce its potential impacts on the environment and non-target organisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}