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Selection of the predator green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea for resistance to chlorfenapyr: stability, cross resistance, and fitness cost 捕食绿草蛉对杀虫腈抗性的选择:稳定性、交叉抗性和适应成本
IF 2.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107453
Muhammad Abubakar , Sarfraz Ali Shad
An effective way to solve the problem of resistance development in pest populations is to integrate chemical and biological control. One hurdle to this combined strategy is the susceptibility of biocontrol agents to sprayed insecticides. In this study, a population of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) named Pirate-Sel was selected with chlorfenapyr to determine the gain in resistance, stability, and fitness cost. Pirate-Sel strain developed significantly high resistance (306.64 fold) after 18 generations of selection when compared with the laboratory susceptible population of C. carnea. The Pirate-Sel strain did not show cross-resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin (resistance ratio, RR = 0.64), spirotetramat (RR = 0.48), and triazofos (RR = 0.94). The Pirate-Sel strain was further reared for 5 generations without selection pressure resulting in a significant decrease of its resistance from 94329.29 mg of a.i./L to 22760.64 mg of a.i./L with a decrease in resistance ratio from 306.64-fold to 73.99-folds compared to the susceptible population. Two reciprocal crosses between Pirate-Sel and Unselected strain (Unsel) of C. carnea were also maintained in the laboratory; Cross-A (Pirate-Sel ♀ × Unsel ♂) and Cross-B (Unsel ♀ × Pirate-Sel ♂). The result of the fitness experiment showed that the egg hatching (%), pupation rate (%), and fecundity of Pirate-Sel population remained statistically similar to that of the Unsel population. The mean relative fitness value of Pirate-Sel, Unsel, Susceptible, Cross-A, and Cross-B strains of C. carnea was 1.17, 1.00, 0.77, 0.89, and 0.98, respectively. In conclusion, the development of high chlorfenapyr resistance in C. carnea did not affect negatively its biology, as resistance comes with no fitness cost. Our findings provide a basic knowledge of the integration of chemical and biological control for pest management with minimal or no negative effect on natural enemies.
化学防治与生物防治相结合是解决害虫种群抗性发展问题的有效途径。这种联合策略的一个障碍是生物防治剂对喷洒杀虫剂的易感性。本研究选择了一个名为Pirate-Sel的蝶蛹(Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens))种群,用氯虫腈测定其抗性增益、稳定性和适合度成本。经18代筛选,与实验室易感群体相比,Pirate-Sel菌株的抗性显著提高,达到306.64倍。pira - sel菌株对高效氯氟氰菊酯(抗性比RR = 0.64)、螺虫脒(抗性比RR = 0.48)和三唑磷(抗性比RR = 0.94)无交叉抗性。在没有选择压力的情况下继续饲养5代,其抗性从94329.29 mg /L显著下降到22760.64 mg /L,抗性比从易感群体的306.64倍下降到73.99倍。在实验室中还保持了两个海盗- sel与未选择菌株(Unsel)的互交杂交;Cross-A (Pirate-Sel♀× Unsel♂)和Cross-B (Unsel♀× Pirate-Sel♂)。适应度实验结果表明,海盗船种群的卵孵化率(%)、化蛹率(%)和繁殖力与海盗船种群保持统计学上的相似。海盗- sel、Unsel、易感、交叉- a和交叉- b菌株的平均相对适合度值分别为1.17、1.00、0.77、0.89和0.98。综上所述,赤霉素对氯虫腈产生高抗性并不会对其生物学产生负面影响,因为这种抗性不需要付出适应度成本。我们的研究结果提供了化学和生物综合防治害虫管理的基本知识,对天敌的负面影响很小或没有负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated management of peanut smut using Bacillus velezensis CHEP5, resistant genotypes, and a calcium-based amendment for sustainable production 利用velezensis CHEP5、抗性基因型和钙基改良对花生黑穗病进行综合管理,促进可持续生产
IF 2.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107441
Natalia Marcellino , Marcos Darío Bongiovanni , Úrsula Ana Loser , Matías Ezequiel Rovere , Lucía Beatriz Chimento , Edmundo Guillermo Peiretti , Mercedes Alicia Ibañez , María Laura Tonelli
Argentina is globally recognized as a leading producer of high-quality peanuts for the export market. However, peanut smut (Thecaphora frezzii) poses a significant threat to peanut production, causing substantial losses in both yield and quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the microbial biocontrol agent Bacillus velezensis CHEP5 (CHEP5), a calcium-based soil amendment (CA; 80 % CaCO3 + 20 % CaSO4), and resistant genotypes (Utré and LAx8, with Granoleico as a susceptible control) in reducing disease incidence and severity, and in improving yield, yield components, and nodulation. Three field trials were conducted in Córdoba, Argentina, from 2021 to 2024. Genotypes Utré and LAx8 consistently reduced smut incidence and severity, representing the most effective control strategy. In two of the three seasons, CA and CHEP5 also reduced disease levels, with average reductions in incidence ranging from 16.5 to 60.9 % and in severity from 20.5 to 60.1 %, depending on the genotype. In the wettest season, CA increased grain yield by an average of 10.8 %, while CHEP5 enhanced nodule formation by an average of 15.7 %. These findings support an integrated disease management approach, prioritizing genetic resistance and complemented by soil calcium amendments and microbial biocontrol agents, as a sustainable strategy for controlling peanut smut in Argentina.
阿根廷是全球公认的高品质花生出口市场的主要生产国。然而,花生黑穗病(Thecaphora frezzii)对花生生产构成重大威胁,造成产量和质量的重大损失。本研究旨在评价微生物防菌剂velezensis CHEP5 (CHEP5)、钙基土壤改良剂(CA; 80% CaCO3 + 20% CaSO4)和抗性基因型(utr和LAx8, Granoleico为敏感对照)在降低病害发病率和严重程度、提高产量、产量成分和结瘤方面的效果。从2021年到2024年,在阿根廷Córdoba进行了三次现场试验。基因型utr和LAx8持续降低了黑斑病的发病率和严重程度,代表了最有效的控制策略。在三个季节中的两个季节中,CA和CHEP5也降低了疾病水平,根据基因型的不同,平均发病率降低16.5%至60.9%,严重程度降低20.5%至60.1%。在最湿季节,CA平均增产10.8%,而CHEP5平均增产15.7%。这些发现支持综合疾病管理方法,优先考虑遗传抗性,辅以土壤钙改良剂和微生物生物防治剂,作为阿根廷控制花生黑穗病的可持续战略。
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引用次数: 0
Toxicity by contact of Bordeaux mixture but no behavioral responses of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma cordubensis 波尔多混合液对卵类赤眼蜂的毒性作用,但对卵类赤眼蜂无行为反应
IF 2.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107447
William Nusillard , Denis Thiéry , Yann Lelièvre , Tessie Garinie , Jacques Frandon , Jérôme Moreau
The increasing use of pesticides is recognized as a threat to pest natural enemies. We investigated the effects of Bordeaux mixture, a fungicide widely used in viticulture, on Trichogramma cordubensis, a biological control agent used against the major vineyard pest Lobesia botrana. The lethal and sublethal effects of 20 g.L−1 Bordeaux mixture on T. cordubensis were studied. To assess the potential persistence of Bordeaux mixture, each experiment was conducted at four different time scales after pesticide application. A first experiment aimed to assess the effects of surface contaminations to Bordeaux mixture on the longevity of T. cordubensis, which was reduced by 26 % when exposed to the fungicide. A second experiment aimed to assess the oviposition dynamics of T. cordubensis during the three first days after its emergence in contaminated or unexposed environments. No differences in oviposition were observed when T. cordubensis was exposed to Bordeaux mixture. A third experiment aimed to assess the oviposition choices of T. cordubensis between hosts on either contaminated or unexposed surfaces. No evidence of an oviposition deterrence was detected. Overall, surface contact with Bordeaux mixture was found harmless on T. cordubensis life parameters. Time after fungicide applications did not differently impact our results on longevity and behavior. However, time after both control and pesticide applications may have led to altered micro-environmental conditions affecting T. cordubensis’ development. This study suggests that T. cordubensis inability to discriminate against a copper contaminated environment is a crucial factor in enhancing its effectiveness as a biological control agent.
农药使用量的增加被认为是对害虫天敌的威胁。本文研究了葡萄栽培中广泛使用的杀菌剂波尔多混合剂对葡萄栽培中主要害虫红赤眼蜂(Trichogramma cordubensis)的生物防治效果。20克的致死和亚致死效应。研究了L−1波尔多混合液对紫毛霉的影响。为了评估波尔多混合物的潜在持久性,每个实验在施用农药后的四个不同时间尺度进行。第一个实验旨在评估波尔多混合物表面污染对T. cordubensis寿命的影响,当暴露于杀菌剂时,T. cordubensis寿命减少了26%。第二个实验的目的是评估在污染或未暴露的环境中,绒绒瓢虫出现后的头三天内的产卵动态。与波尔多混合液接触后,红毛瓢虫产卵量无显著差异。第三个实验的目的是评估在污染或未暴露的表面上不同寄主的产卵选择。没有检测到产卵威慑的证据。总体而言,与波尔多混合物的表面接触对白毛瓢虫的寿命参数无害。使用杀菌剂后的时间对寿命和行为的影响没有不同。然而,控制和施用农药后的时间可能导致微环境条件的改变,从而影响了灯心草的发育。本研究表明,铜绒瓢虫对铜污染环境的不识别能力是提高其生物防治效果的关键因素。
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引用次数: 0
Leaf spot disease on Viburnum odoratissimum caused by Corynespora cassiicola and Colletotrichum species in China 由桃蚜和炭疽菌引起的多味豆荚叶斑病
IF 2.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107450
Feng Lin , Xiaojie Peng , Kai Cai , Haonan Wang , Lifeng Zhou , Xudong Zhou
Viburnum odoratissimum Ker-Gawler is widely cultivated for ornamental purpose and phytochemical potential. Severe leaf spot disease of the plant was observed in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. The objective of the study was to determine the disease causal agents and to test their chemical susceptibility. The leaves with typical leaf spot symptoms were sampled, and a total number of 71 fungal isolates obtained. The isolates were assigned to two morphological groups, and multi-loci of selective isolates of each group were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis disclosed that they reside in the genera of Colletotrichum (C. gloeosporioides, C. fructicola, and C. karstii) and Corynespora (Corynespora cassiicola). The study represents the new host records of C. fructicola and C. karstii. The pathogenicity test showed that Corynespora cassiicola was most pathogenic to V. odoratissimum plants than three Colletotrichum species. The susceptibility to fungicides test disclosed that both Corynespora cassiicola and C. fructicola are sensitive to QoIs fungicides such as pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, and picoxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin demonstrated the most inhibitory activity. We thus propose to apply QoIs fungicides for V. odoratissimum leaf disease management. The study provides the knowledge on the pathogenic fungal species causing leaf spot disease on V. odoratissimum in China and the information on disease chemical control.
由于观赏用途和植物化学潜力,在我国被广泛种植。在中国浙江杭州发现了严重的叶斑病。本研究的目的是确定致病因子并测试其化学敏感性。对具有典型叶斑病症状的叶片进行取样,共分离得到71株真菌。将分离株分为两个形态类群,并对每一类群的选择性分离株进行多位点测序。系统发育分析表明,它们属于炭疽菌属(C. gloeosporioides, C. fructicola和C. karstii)和炭疽菌属(Corynespora cassiicola)。本研究代表了果孢霉(C. fructicola)和卡氏霉(C. karstii)的新寄主记录。致病性试验结果表明,桃核孢子菌对臭草的致病性强于3种炭疽菌。对杀菌剂的敏感性试验表明,桃核孢子菌和果核孢子菌对pyraclostrobin、trifloxystrobin和picoxystrobin等qis杀菌剂均敏感,其中pyraclostrobin的抑制活性最强。因此,我们建议将qoi杀菌剂应用于臭草叶病管理。该研究为了解中国多臭叶斑病的病原真菌种类和病害化学防治提供了依据。
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引用次数: 0
Wild sources for host plant resistance to Bemisia tabaci in watermelon: insights from behavioral and chemical analyses 西瓜寄主植物抗烟粉虱的野生来源:来自行为和化学分析的见解
IF 2.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107411
Petrina McKenzie-Reynolds , Isiaka A. Owolabi , Anju Biswas , Quentin D. Read , Gaelen R. Burke , Amnon Levi , Alvin M. Simmons
Whitefly infestations, primarily due to Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), pose a serious threat to watermelon production, leading to significant yield losses and increased reliance on chemical pesticides. In this study, genotypes of the desert-watermelon Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrader and the cultivated watermelon (C. lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura & Nakai) were evaluated for resistance to B. tabaci using oviposition and vertical Y-tube olfactometer assays. In addition, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of plant volatiles was conducted. Among 13 wild accessions tested, two received statistically less oviposition, while all wild genotypes demonstrated statistically reduced attraction of adult whiteflies to plant volatiles as compared with a susceptible cultivar. GC-MS analysis identified phenol derivatives and sesquiterpenes as dominant volatiles in the C. colocynthis resistant accessions. The volatile blend of the wild United States Plant Introduction (PI)-542616 was dominated by phenolic derivatives, comprising nearly the entire profile, while PI-386019 released a greater proportion of antioxidant-rich phenolic esters. These differences highlight clear variation in the relative abundance of major chemical classes among accessions of C. colocynthis, which may contribute to differential resistance against B. tabaci. These findings help elucidate the biochemical and volatile-mediated whitefly-resistance mechanisms in C. colocynthis. By integrating resistant germplasm into integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, results from this research will advance sustainable watermelon production.
主要由烟粉虱(半翅目:烟粉虱科)引起的粉虱侵染对西瓜生产构成严重威胁,导致严重的产量损失和对化学农药的依赖增加。本研究对荒漠西瓜Citrullus colocynthis (L.)的基因型进行了分析。采用产卵法和垂直y管嗅觉法对施拉德和栽培西瓜(C. lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura & Nakai)对烟粉虱的抗性进行了评价。此外,还对植物挥发物进行气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析。在13个野生品种中,有2个品种的产卵量明显减少,而所有野生基因型的白蝇对植物挥发物的吸引力均明显低于敏感品种。气相色谱-质谱分析表明,酚类衍生物和倍半萜类化合物是油菜耐药种质的主要挥发物。野生美国植物引种(PI)-542616的挥发性混合物以酚类衍生物为主,几乎包含了整个剖面,而PI-386019释放出更多的富含抗氧化剂的酚类酯。这些差异凸显了不同种质间主要化学类相对丰度的明显差异,这可能是造成对烟粉虱抗性差异的原因之一。这些发现有助于阐明绿草甘蓝抗白蝇的生化和挥发物介导的机制。通过将抗性种质整合到害虫综合治理(IPM)策略中,本研究结果将促进西瓜的可持续生产。
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引用次数: 0
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci transmits the Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus to chili plants treated with low-risk insecticides 烟粉虱将印尼辣椒黄卷叶病毒传播给用低风险杀虫剂处理过的辣椒植株
IF 2.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107424
Ernawati Djaya , Iftitah Kartika Amaliah , Nurul Arfiani , Melina Melina , Erwin Najamuddin , Nurasiah Djaenuddin , Amran Muis , Ramlah Arief , Muhammad Yasin , Andi Nasruddin
Pepper yellow leaf curl Indovnesia virus (PepYLCIV) is a damaging disease of chili that can cause total yield loss. The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), persistently transmits the virus. The insect can also directly damage chili plants by sucking their sap. The study was conducted to determine the effects of inoculation pressure, insecticide dosage, and application timing on whitefly populations and the incidence and severity of PepYLCIV. The results showed that higher inoculation pressures caused increased whitefly survival rates and viral disease transmission. The efficacy of azadirachtin was found to be dose-dependent, with higher concentrations being more effective in reducing both whitefly survival and virus transmission. In contrast, imidacloprid demonstrated higher efficacy across all tested concentrations, eliminating whiteflies and preventing virus transmission. The timing of insecticide application is a crucial factor influencing vector survival and disease incidence. Longer intervals between application and the inoculation access period (IAP) resulted in diminished efficacy of the insecticides. Azadirachtin and imidacloprid provided effective protection against PepYLCIV for up to 2 and 10 days post-application, respectively. Imidacloprid was effective for immediate vector control, while azadirachtin is effective at higher concentrations. Applying imidacloprid at the action threshold level could rapidly reduce the insect population, followed by azadirachtin application to maintain low population levels. The study results could be incorporated into an integrated management strategy to extend imidacloprid's efficacy against B. tabaci and concomitantly reduce its potential impacts on the environment and non-target organisms.
辣椒黄卷叶病毒(PepYLCIV)是一种危害辣椒产量的病害。甘薯粉虱,烟粉虱(半翅目:粉虱科),持续传播病毒。研究了接种压力、杀虫剂用量和施药时间对粉虱种群数量及PepYLCIV发病和严重程度的影响。结果表明,较高的接种压力可提高粉虱成活率和病毒病传播。发现印楝素的功效是剂量依赖性的,浓度越高,在降低粉虱存活率和病毒传播方面越有效。相比之下,吡虫啉在所有测试浓度下都表现出更高的功效,可以消灭白蝇并防止病毒传播。施药时机是影响病媒生存和发病的关键因素。施用间隔期和接种期(IAP)较长导致杀虫剂的药效下降。印楝素和吡虫啉分别在施用后2天和10天内对PepYLCIV有有效保护。吡虫啉对病媒生物的即时控制效果最好,而印楝素对病媒生物的高浓度控制效果最好。吡虫啉在作用阈值水平下施用可迅速减少昆虫数量,其次是印楝素维持较低的种群数量。研究结果可纳入综合管理策略,以扩大吡虫啉对烟粉虱的药效,同时减少其对环境和非目标生物的潜在影响。
{"title":"The whitefly Bemisia tabaci transmits the Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus to chili plants treated with low-risk insecticides","authors":"Ernawati Djaya ,&nbsp;Iftitah Kartika Amaliah ,&nbsp;Nurul Arfiani ,&nbsp;Melina Melina ,&nbsp;Erwin Najamuddin ,&nbsp;Nurasiah Djaenuddin ,&nbsp;Amran Muis ,&nbsp;Ramlah Arief ,&nbsp;Muhammad Yasin ,&nbsp;Andi Nasruddin","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pepper yellow leaf curl Indovnesia virus (PepYLCIV) is a damaging disease of chili that can cause total yield loss. The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), persistently transmits the virus. The insect can also directly damage chili plants by sucking their sap. The study was conducted to determine the effects of inoculation pressure, insecticide dosage, and application timing on whitefly populations and the incidence and severity of PepYLCIV. The results showed that higher inoculation pressures caused increased whitefly survival rates and viral disease transmission. The efficacy of azadirachtin was found to be dose-dependent, with higher concentrations being more effective in reducing both whitefly survival and virus transmission. In contrast, imidacloprid demonstrated higher efficacy across all tested concentrations, eliminating whiteflies and preventing virus transmission. The timing of insecticide application is a crucial factor influencing vector survival and disease incidence. Longer intervals between application and the inoculation access period (IAP) resulted in diminished efficacy of the insecticides. Azadirachtin and imidacloprid provided effective protection against PepYLCIV for up to 2 and 10 days post-application, respectively. Imidacloprid was effective for immediate vector control, while azadirachtin is effective at higher concentrations. Applying imidacloprid at the action threshold level could rapidly reduce the insect population, followed by azadirachtin application to maintain low population levels. The study results could be incorporated into an integrated management strategy to extend imidacloprid's efficacy against <em>B. tabaci</em> and concomitantly reduce its potential impacts on the environment and non-target organisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chemical composition and acaricidal activity of essential oils from Alpinia zerumbet, Bixa orellana, Mesosphaerum suaveolens and Syzygium cumini against Oligonychus punicae on clonal seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis 大桉树无性系幼苗上泽木、苍木、沙叶和沙木精油的化学成分及杀螨活性研究
IF 2.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107412
Adriele de Castro Ferreira , Rosenya Michely Cintra Filgueiras , Paulo Roberto Ramalho Silva , Izaias Santos Marques , Antonio José Cantanhede Filho , Bruno de Araújo Gomes , Edson Rodrigues Filho , Franciele Costa de Sousa , Eslane Reis Farias Mendes , Helane Cristina De Andrade Rodrigues Severo , Alyne Freire de Melo , Kamilla de Andrade Dutra , Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz Navarro , Solange Maria de França , Douglas Rafael e Silva Barbosa
Oligonychus (Oligonychus) punicae (Hirst) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a phytophagous mite that causes significant damage to various crops, including Eucalyptus grandis, where infestations can lead to leaf discoloration, reduced photosynthetic capacity, and overall plant stress. Due to its economic importance, sustainable control strategies are needed. Essential oils (EOs) have emerged as promising tools for managing phytophagous mites, but their effects on O. punicae remain poorly studied. This work evaluated the acaricidal potential of EOs from Alpinia zerumbet, Bixa orellana, Mesosphaerum suaveolens, and Syzygium cumini. EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Acaricidal activity was assessed through toxicity, ovicidal and repellent tests, and effects on population growth rate. The main constituents (>5 %) were mainly monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenes, with composition varying among species. Toxicity tests showed that at LC50, the oil of B. orellana exhibited the highest lethality (0.55 μL/mL). At LC90, both A. zerumbet and B. orellana were more toxic than S. cumini, with toxicity ratios (TR) of 9.1 and 5.6, respectively. All EOs reduced egg viability by over 50 %, with S. cumini reaching 79.25 % of non-hatched eggs. Population growth was still positive under EO exposure, but all treatments significantly reduced the intrinsic rate of increase compared to the control. All EOs also exhibited repellent activity at sublethal concentrations, with A. zerumbet showing the highest repellency. These results highlight the potential of EOs as effective acaricidal agents against O. punicae. While no single oil excelled in all parameters, each demonstrated specific strengths, supporting their complementary use, individually or in combination, in integrated pest management programs.
Oligonychus (Oligonychus) punicae (Hirst)(螨目:叶螨科)是一种植食性螨,对各种作物造成严重损害,包括大桉树,其侵染可导致叶片变色,光合能力降低和整体植物胁迫。由于其经济重要性,需要可持续的控制策略。精油(EOs)已成为管理植食性螨虫的有前途的工具,但它们对水蛭的影响仍然很少研究。本研究评价了采自青花苜蓿(Alpinia zerumbet)、黄花苜蓿(Bixa orellana)、黄花苜蓿(Mesosphaerum suaveolens)和黄花苜蓿(Syzygium cumini)的果胶的杀螨潜力。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取,气相色谱-质谱联用分析。通过毒力、杀卵、驱避试验及对种群生长率的影响评价杀螨活性。主要成分以单萜类和倍半萜类为主(占5%),不同种间成分不同。毒力试验结果表明,在LC50时,浮藻油的致毒力最高,为0.55 μL/mL。在LC90条件下,紫斑拟南蝽和大角小蠊的毒力比(TR)分别为9.1和5.6。所有的卵子存活率都降低了50%以上,其中未孵化卵的存活率达到79.25%。暴露于EO下的种群增长率仍为正,但与对照组相比,所有处理均显著降低了种群的内在增长率。在亚致死浓度下,所有绿僵菌均表现出驱避活性,其中绿僵菌表现出最高的驱避活性。这些结果突出了EOs作为有效杀螨剂的潜力。虽然没有一种油在所有参数中都表现出色,但每种油都表现出特定的优势,支持它们单独或组合使用,在综合虫害管理计划中互补使用。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization and insecticidal effects of the essential oil and nanoemulsion of Pogostemon cablin on populations of Sitophilus zeamais 广藿香精油和纳米乳对玉米象的杀虫效果及特性研究
IF 2.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107410
Álvaro M.O. Santos , Ana Paula A. Araújo , Péricles B. Alves , Arie Fitzgerald Blank , Eliseu J.G. Pereira , Raul N.C. Guedes , Rogéria S. Nunes , Marcelo C. Picanço , Virginia E. Masiulionis , Leandro Bacci
Insect pests pose significant risks to stored grains worldwide, and while synthetic pesticides are effective, they have environmental and health drawbacks. Plant essential oils (EO), with insecticidal properties, offer a promising alternative. This study evaluated the toxicity of Pogostemon cablin (patchouli) EO and its nanoemulsion on nine populations of Sitophilus zeamais, a major pest of stored grain. Fifteen compounds were identified in the EO, of which patchoulol was the major compound (55.04 %). The EO was tested through topical, contact, and fumigation exposures. Repellency and population growth effects were also assessed. The EO demonstrated fast insecticidal action, with an average median lethal time (LT50) of 53 h. All populations showed similar responses, with the Viçosa population being the most susceptible, and Sete Lagoas the most tolerant. EO and nanoemulsion concentrations required to cause 50 % mortality ranged from 0.30 to 6.37 μL mL−1 (contact) and 0.029–0.037 μL mL−1 (fumigation). The EO and its nanoemulsion were effective repellents against the Viçosa population at LC50 and LC70 levels across all exposure times. For the Sete Lagoas population, repellency was also observed, except for LC50 at 4, 6, and 8 h, and LC70 after 24 h. Increasing nanoemulsion concentrations reduced reproductive index (ri) and grain consumption in both populations. Population decline (ri < 0) began at 50.15 μL kg−1 (Viçosa) and 67.29 μL kg−1 (Sete Lagoas). These results highlight the potential of P. cablin EO for managing S. zeamais in stored grain.
害虫对世界各地的储粮构成了重大风险,尽管合成农药有效,但它们在环境和健康方面存在缺陷。植物精油(EO)具有杀虫特性,是一种很有前途的替代品。本研究评价了广藿香精油及其纳米乳对9个储粮害虫玉米象的毒力。共鉴定出15种化合物,其中以广藿香醇为主要化合物(55.04%)。通过局部暴露、接触暴露和熏蒸暴露对EO进行了测试。驱避效果和种群增长效果也进行了评价。EO的杀虫速度快,平均中位致死时间(LT50)为53 h。所有种群均表现出相似的反应,其中viosa种群最敏感,而Sete Lagoas种群最耐受性。造成50%死亡率所需的EO和纳米乳浓度分别为0.30 ~ 6.37 μL mL−1(接触)和0.029 ~ 0.037 μL mL−1(熏蒸)。在所有暴露时间内,EO及其纳米乳均能有效驱避水蚤种群,LC50和LC70水平均为有效驱避剂。除了4、6和8 h的LC50和24 h后的LC70外,两种种群的驱避效果均不显著。纳米乳剂浓度的增加降低了两种种群的繁殖指数(ri)和食用量。种群下降(ri < 0)从50.15 μL kg−1 (viosa)和67.29 μL kg−1 (Sete Lagoas)开始。这些结果突出了玉米玉米瘟菌在储粮中管理玉米玉米瘟菌的潜力。
{"title":"Characterization and insecticidal effects of the essential oil and nanoemulsion of Pogostemon cablin on populations of Sitophilus zeamais","authors":"Álvaro M.O. Santos ,&nbsp;Ana Paula A. Araújo ,&nbsp;Péricles B. Alves ,&nbsp;Arie Fitzgerald Blank ,&nbsp;Eliseu J.G. Pereira ,&nbsp;Raul N.C. Guedes ,&nbsp;Rogéria S. Nunes ,&nbsp;Marcelo C. Picanço ,&nbsp;Virginia E. Masiulionis ,&nbsp;Leandro Bacci","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insect pests pose significant risks to stored grains worldwide, and while synthetic pesticides are effective, they have environmental and health drawbacks. Plant essential oils (EO), with insecticidal properties, offer a promising alternative. This study evaluated the toxicity of <em>Pogostemon cablin</em> (patchouli) EO and its nanoemulsion on nine populations of <em>Sitophilus zeamais</em>, a major pest of stored grain. Fifteen compounds were identified in the EO, of which patchoulol was the major compound (55.04 %). The EO was tested through topical, contact, and fumigation exposures. Repellency and population growth effects were also assessed. The EO demonstrated fast insecticidal action, with an average median lethal time (LT<sub>50</sub>) of 53 h. All populations showed similar responses, with the Viçosa population being the most susceptible, and Sete Lagoas the most tolerant. EO and nanoemulsion concentrations required to cause 50 % mortality ranged from 0.30 to 6.37 μL mL<sup>−1</sup> (contact) and 0.029–0.037 μL mL<sup>−1</sup> (fumigation). The EO and its nanoemulsion were effective repellents against the Viçosa population at LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>70</sub> levels across all exposure times. For the Sete Lagoas population, repellency was also observed, except for LC<sub>50</sub> at 4, 6, and 8 h, and LC<sub>70</sub> after 24 h. Increasing nanoemulsion concentrations reduced reproductive index (<em>ri</em>) and grain consumption in both populations. Population decline (<em>ri</em> &lt; 0) began at 50.15 μL kg<sup>−1</sup> (Viçosa) and 67.29 μL kg<sup>−1</sup> (Sete Lagoas). These results highlight the potential of <em>P. cablin</em> EO for managing <em>S. zeamais</em> in stored grain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neopestalotiopsis formicidarum causing leaf spots on Myciaria dubia, Eugenia stipitata and Psidium acutangulum in Brazil 在巴西引起dubia、Eugenia stipitata和acutangulum叶斑病的Neopestalotiopsis formicidarum
IF 2.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107432
Ismaele Breckenfeld da Costa , Juliana Farias Machado , Marieli Teresinha Guerrezi Sachet , Gilvan Ferreira da Silva , Thiago Fernandes Sousa , Ingride Jarline Santos da Silva , Edvan Alves Chagas , Talison Eugenio da Costa , Ioná Santos Araújo Holanda , Kedma da Silva Matos
Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), araçá-boi (Eugenia stipitata), and araçá-pera (Psidium acutangulum) are Myrtaceae species native to the Amazon region. Their fruits have multiple industrial applications, particularly in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical sectors. Since 2020, leaf spot symptoms have been frequently observed on these fruit trees in both native and cultivated areas in northern Brazil. This study aimed to identify the etiological agent associated with leaf spots on camu-camu, araçá-boi and araçá-pera in the state of Roraima through morphological characterization and multilocus phylogenetic analysis. Twelve isolates of the genus Neopestalotiopsis were obtained from symptomatic leaf tissues. Based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of the combined internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the transcription elongation factor 1-α (tef1) and partial sequences of the β-tubulin gene (tub2), the isolates were identified as Neopestalotiopsis formicidarum (syn N. formicarum). Three isolates were used in pathogenicity assay and inoculated into seedlings of M. dubia, E. stipitata, and P. acutangulum, causing small brown to black leaf spots that expanded and coalesced into larger necrotic lesions. This is the first report of N. formicidarum causing leaf spot on camu-camu, araçá-boi and araçá-pera in Brazil. Our study should be helpful for better understanding of the species N. formicidarum that represents a potential threat to the cultivation of these fruit trees, and will be useful for effective strategies for prevention and control this disease.
Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), araçá-boi (Eugenia stipitata)和araçá-pera (Psidium acutangulum)是原产于亚马逊地区的桃科物种。它们的果实有多种工业用途,特别是在食品、化妆品和制药领域。自2020年以来,在巴西北部的原生和栽培地区,这些果树上经常观察到叶斑病症状。本研究旨在通过形态学鉴定和多位点系统发育分析,确定罗赖马州camu-camu、araçá-boi和araçá-pera叶斑病的病原。从有症状的叶片组织中分离得到12株新estalotiopsis属。根据其联合内转录间隔区(ITS)、转录延伸因子1-α (tef1)和β-微管蛋白基因(tub2)部分序列的形态特征和系统发育分析,鉴定该分离株为Neopestalotiopsis formicidarum (syn . formicarum)。将3个分离株接种到dubia、E. stipitata和P. acutangulum的幼苗中进行致病性试验,引起小的棕色到黑色的叶斑,这些斑扩大并合并成更大的坏死灶。这是巴西首次报道在camu-camu、araçá-boi和araçá-pera上发现虫状芽孢杆菌引起叶斑病。本研究将有助于进一步认识对果树种植构成潜在威胁的甲酸乳螨病,并为制定有效的防治策略提供依据。
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引用次数: 0
Field testing of the Redekop seed control unit in soybean and wheat production systems in Virginia Redekop种子控制装置在弗吉尼亚州大豆和小麦生产系统中的田间试验
IF 2.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107438
Eli C. Russell , Wykle C. Greene , Matthew P. Spoth , Kevin W. Bamber , Lauren M. Schwartz-Lazaro , Michael L. Flessner
Seed impact mills are machines that are mounted directly to the back of a combine and are one way to implement harvest weed seed control (HWSC). Seed impact mills kill weed seeds during harvest, preventing seeds from being added to the soil seedbank. Previous research has indicated that seed impact mills have high seed kill rates (>90 %) for problematic weeds in soybean and wheat. While these mills are effective, there are many ways that seeds could bypass the seed impact mill, such as shattering and seed loss at the header during harvest, which could reduce the effectiveness of these mills. In the field, tracking weed density in the following seasons after harvest could indicate overall effectiveness of using a seed impact mill. The purpose of this experiment was to track emergence of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) in soybean and wheat fields, respectively, after harvesting with a seed impact mill. Seven soybean fields and four wheat fields in commercial production were tracked for A. artemisiifolia and L. perenne ssp. multiflorum density, respectively. For testing, each field was divided into two sections: with and without the use of the seed impact mill. Weed emergence was recorded in the following seasons. Density reductions for A. artemisiifolia after one year of HWSC were 26 % and 77 % at the postemergence herbicide and harvest timings, respectively. There was also a 99 % reduction after two harvests with HWSC, but a single HWSC harvest followed by a conventional harvest resulted in a 330 % increase. The density reduction of L. perenne ssp. multiflorum after one harvest was 48 %. These data indicate that seed impact mills can be an effective tool for reducing inputs into soil seedbank and weed densities in following seasons in systems under commercial production.
种子碾磨机是直接安装在联合收割机后部的机器,是实现收获杂草种子控制(HWSC)的一种方法。种子冲击碾磨机在收获期间杀死杂草种子,防止种子被添加到土壤种子库中。先前的研究表明,种子碾磨机对大豆和小麦中的问题杂草具有很高的种子杀灭率(> 90%)。虽然这些碾磨机是有效的,但有许多方法可以绕过种子撞击碾磨机,例如收获期间在头部破碎和种子丢失,这可能会降低这些碾磨机的效率。在田间,在收获后的后续季节跟踪杂草密度可以表明使用种子碾磨机的总体有效性。本试验旨在追踪豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia)和意大利黑麦草(Lolium perenne ssp)的出苗情况。何首乌)分别种植于大豆和小麦地里,收获后用种子碾磨机碾磨。对7块商业化生产的大豆田和4块商业化生产的小麦田进行了蒿属植物和多年生小麦属植物的跟踪调查。分别为何首乌密度。为了进行测试,每个田地被分成两个部分:使用和不使用种子碾磨机。在接下来的季节记录了杂草的出现。在出苗期和收获期,HWSC处理1年后蒿密度分别降低26%和77%。在两次HWSC收获后,也有99%的减少,但单次HWSC收获后,常规收获导致330%的增加。多年生黑麦草的密度降低。一次收获后的何首乌为48%。这些数据表明,在商业化生产的系统中,种子碾磨机可以成为减少土壤种子库投入和随后季节杂草密度的有效工具。
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引用次数: 0
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Crop Protection
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