Crop Protection最新文献

{"title":"Selection of the predator green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea for resistance to chlorfenapyr: stability, cross resistance, and fitness cost","authors":"Muhammad Abubakar ,&nbsp;Sarfraz Ali Shad","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An effective way to solve the problem of resistance development in pest populations is to integrate chemical and biological control. One hurdle to this combined strategy is the susceptibility of biocontrol agents to sprayed insecticides. In this study, a population of <em>Chrysoperla carnea</em> (Stephens) named Pirate-Sel was selected with chlorfenapyr to determine the gain in resistance, stability, and fitness cost. Pirate-Sel strain developed significantly high resistance (306.64 fold) after 18 generations of selection when compared with the laboratory susceptible population of <em>C. carnea.</em> The Pirate-Sel strain did not show cross-resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin (resistance ratio, RR = 0.64), spirotetramat (RR = 0.48), and triazofos (RR = 0.94). The Pirate-Sel strain was further reared for 5 generations without selection pressure resulting in a significant decrease of its resistance from 94329.29 mg of a.i./L to 22760.64 mg of a.i./L with a decrease in resistance ratio from 306.64-fold to 73.99-folds compared to the susceptible population. Two reciprocal crosses between Pirate-Sel and Unselected strain (Unsel) of <em>C. carnea</em> were also maintained in the laboratory; Cross-A (Pirate-Sel ♀ × Unsel ♂) and Cross-B (Unsel ♀ × Pirate-Sel ♂). The result of the fitness experiment showed that the egg hatching (%), pupation rate (%), and fecundity of Pirate-Sel population remained statistically similar to that of the Unsel population. The mean relative fitness value of Pirate-Sel, Unsel, Susceptible, Cross-A, and Cross-B strains of <em>C. carnea</em> was 1.17, 1.00, 0.77, 0.89, and 0.98, respectively. In conclusion, the development of high chlorfenapyr resistance in <em>C. carnea</em> did not affect negatively its biology, as resistance comes with no fitness cost. Our findings provide a basic knowledge of the integration of chemical and biological control for pest management with minimal or no negative effect on natural enemies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145359201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated management of peanut smut using Bacillus velezensis CHEP5, resistant genotypes, and a calcium-based amendment for sustainable production","authors":"Natalia Marcellino ,&nbsp;Marcos Darío Bongiovanni ,&nbsp;Úrsula Ana Loser ,&nbsp;Matías Ezequiel Rovere ,&nbsp;Lucía Beatriz Chimento ,&nbsp;Edmundo Guillermo Peiretti ,&nbsp;Mercedes Alicia Ibañez ,&nbsp;María Laura Tonelli","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Argentina is globally recognized as a leading producer of high-quality peanuts for the export market. However, peanut smut (<em>Thecaphora frezzii</em>) poses a significant threat to peanut production, causing substantial losses in both yield and quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the microbial biocontrol agent <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> CHEP5 (CHEP5), a calcium-based soil amendment (CA; 80 % CaCO₃ + 20 % CaSO₄), and resistant genotypes (Utré and LAx8, with Granoleico as a susceptible control) in reducing disease incidence and severity, and in improving yield, yield components, and nodulation. Three field trials were conducted in Córdoba, Argentina, from 2021 to 2024. Genotypes Utré and LAx8 consistently reduced smut incidence and severity, representing the most effective control strategy. In two of the three seasons, CA and CHEP5 also reduced disease levels, with average reductions in incidence ranging from 16.5 to 60.9 % and in severity from 20.5 to 60.1 %, depending on the genotype. In the wettest season, CA increased grain yield by an average of 10.8 %, while CHEP5 enhanced nodule formation by an average of 15.7 %. These findings support an integrated disease management approach, prioritizing genetic resistance and complemented by soil calcium amendments and microbial biocontrol agents, as a sustainable strategy for controlling peanut smut in Argentina.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity by contact of Bordeaux mixture but no behavioral responses of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma cordubensis","authors":"William Nusillard ,&nbsp;Denis Thiéry ,&nbsp;Yann Lelièvre ,&nbsp;Tessie Garinie ,&nbsp;Jacques Frandon ,&nbsp;Jérôme Moreau","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing use of pesticides is recognized as a threat to pest natural enemies. We investigated the effects of Bordeaux mixture, a fungicide widely used in viticulture, on <em>Trichogramma cordubensis</em>, a biological control agent used against the major vineyard pest <em>Lobesia botrana</em>. The lethal and sublethal effects of 20 g.L⁻¹ Bordeaux mixture on <em>T. cordubensis</em> were studied. To assess the potential persistence of Bordeaux mixture, each experiment was conducted at four different time scales after pesticide application. A first experiment aimed to assess the effects of surface contaminations to Bordeaux mixture on the longevity of <em>T. cordubensis</em>, which was reduced by 26 % when exposed to the fungicide. A second experiment aimed to assess the oviposition dynamics of <em>T. cordubensis</em> during the three first days after its emergence in contaminated or unexposed environments. No differences in oviposition were observed when <em>T. cordubensis</em> was exposed to Bordeaux mixture. A third experiment aimed to assess the oviposition choices of <em>T. cordubensis</em> between hosts on either contaminated or unexposed surfaces. No evidence of an oviposition deterrence was detected. Overall, surface contact with Bordeaux mixture was found harmless on <em>T. cordubensis</em> life parameters. Time after fungicide applications did not differently impact our results on longevity and behavior. However, time after both control and pesticide applications may have led to altered micro-environmental conditions affecting <em>T. cordubensis’</em> development. This study suggests that <em>T. cordubensis</em> inability to discriminate against a copper contaminated environment is a crucial factor in enhancing its effectiveness as a biological control agent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145359238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf spot disease on Viburnum odoratissimum caused by Corynespora cassiicola and Colletotrichum species in China","authors":"Feng Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Peng ,&nbsp;Kai Cai ,&nbsp;Haonan Wang ,&nbsp;Lifeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Xudong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Viburnum odoratissimum</em> Ker-Gawler is widely cultivated for ornamental purpose and phytochemical potential. Severe leaf spot disease of the plant was observed in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. The objective of the study was to determine the disease causal agents and to test their chemical susceptibility. The leaves with typical leaf spot symptoms were sampled, and a total number of 71 fungal isolates obtained. The isolates were assigned to two morphological groups, and multi-loci of selective isolates of each group were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis disclosed that they reside in the genera of Colletotrichum (<em>C</em>. <em>gloeosporioides</em>, <em>C. fructicola</em>, and <em>C. karstii</em>) and Corynespora (<em>Corynespora cassiicola</em>). The study represents the new host records of <em>C. fructicola</em> and <em>C. karstii</em>. The pathogenicity test showed that <em>Corynespora cassiicola</em> was most pathogenic to <em>V. odoratissimum</em> plants than three Colletotrichum species. The susceptibility to fungicides test disclosed that both <em>Corynespora cassiicola</em> and <em>C. fructicola</em> are sensitive to QoIs fungicides such as pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, and picoxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin demonstrated the most inhibitory activity. We thus propose to apply QoIs fungicides for <em>V. odoratissimum</em> leaf disease management. The study provides the knowledge on the pathogenic fungal species causing leaf spot disease on <em>V</em>. <em>odoratissimum</em> in China and the information on disease chemical control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145359202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wild sources for host plant resistance to Bemisia tabaci in watermelon: insights from behavioral and chemical analyses","authors":"Petrina McKenzie-Reynolds ,&nbsp;Isiaka A. Owolabi ,&nbsp;Anju Biswas ,&nbsp;Quentin D. Read ,&nbsp;Gaelen R. Burke ,&nbsp;Amnon Levi ,&nbsp;Alvin M. Simmons","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whitefly infestations, primarily due to <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), pose a serious threat to watermelon production, leading to significant yield losses and increased reliance on chemical pesticides. In this study, genotypes of the desert-watermelon <em>Citrullus colocynthis</em> (L.) Schrader and the cultivated watermelon (<em>C</em>. <em>lanatus</em> (Thunberg) Matsumura &amp; Nakai) were evaluated for resistance to <em>B. tabaci</em> using oviposition and vertical Y-tube olfactometer assays. In addition, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of plant volatiles was conducted. Among 13 wild accessions tested, two received statistically less oviposition, while all wild genotypes demonstrated statistically reduced attraction of adult whiteflies to plant volatiles as compared with a susceptible cultivar. GC-MS analysis identified phenol derivatives and sesquiterpenes as dominant volatiles in the <em>C. colocynthis</em> resistant accessions. The volatile blend of the wild United States Plant Introduction (PI)-542616 was dominated by phenolic derivatives, comprising nearly the entire profile, while PI-386019 released a greater proportion of antioxidant-rich phenolic esters. These differences highlight clear variation in the relative abundance of major chemical classes among accessions of <em>C. colocynthis</em>, which may contribute to differential resistance against <em>B. tabaci</em>. These findings help elucidate the biochemical and volatile-mediated whitefly-resistance mechanisms in <em>C. colocynthis</em>. By integrating resistant germplasm into integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, results from this research will advance sustainable watermelon production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The whitefly Bemisia tabaci transmits the Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus to chili plants treated with low-risk insecticides","authors":"Ernawati Djaya ,&nbsp;Iftitah Kartika Amaliah ,&nbsp;Nurul Arfiani ,&nbsp;Melina Melina ,&nbsp;Erwin Najamuddin ,&nbsp;Nurasiah Djaenuddin ,&nbsp;Amran Muis ,&nbsp;Ramlah Arief ,&nbsp;Muhammad Yasin ,&nbsp;Andi Nasruddin","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pepper yellow leaf curl Indovnesia virus (PepYLCIV) is a damaging disease of chili that can cause total yield loss. The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), persistently transmits the virus. The insect can also directly damage chili plants by sucking their sap. The study was conducted to determine the effects of inoculation pressure, insecticide dosage, and application timing on whitefly populations and the incidence and severity of PepYLCIV. The results showed that higher inoculation pressures caused increased whitefly survival rates and viral disease transmission. The efficacy of azadirachtin was found to be dose-dependent, with higher concentrations being more effective in reducing both whitefly survival and virus transmission. In contrast, imidacloprid demonstrated higher efficacy across all tested concentrations, eliminating whiteflies and preventing virus transmission. The timing of insecticide application is a crucial factor influencing vector survival and disease incidence. Longer intervals between application and the inoculation access period (IAP) resulted in diminished efficacy of the insecticides. Azadirachtin and imidacloprid provided effective protection against PepYLCIV for up to 2 and 10 days post-application, respectively. Imidacloprid was effective for immediate vector control, while azadirachtin is effective at higher concentrations. Applying imidacloprid at the action threshold level could rapidly reduce the insect population, followed by azadirachtin application to maintain low population levels. The study results could be incorporated into an integrated management strategy to extend imidacloprid's efficacy against <em>B. tabaci</em> and concomitantly reduce its potential impacts on the environment and non-target organisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical composition and acaricidal activity of essential oils from Alpinia zerumbet, Bixa orellana, Mesosphaerum suaveolens and Syzygium cumini against Oligonychus punicae on clonal seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis","authors":"Adriele de Castro Ferreira ,&nbsp;Rosenya Michely Cintra Filgueiras ,&nbsp;Paulo Roberto Ramalho Silva ,&nbsp;Izaias Santos Marques ,&nbsp;Antonio José Cantanhede Filho ,&nbsp;Bruno de Araújo Gomes ,&nbsp;Edson Rodrigues Filho ,&nbsp;Franciele Costa de Sousa ,&nbsp;Eslane Reis Farias Mendes ,&nbsp;Helane Cristina De Andrade Rodrigues Severo ,&nbsp;Alyne Freire de Melo ,&nbsp;Kamilla de Andrade Dutra ,&nbsp;Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz Navarro ,&nbsp;Solange Maria de França ,&nbsp;Douglas Rafael e Silva Barbosa","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Oligonychus (Oligonychus) punicae</em> (Hirst) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a phytophagous mite that causes significant damage to various crops, including <em>Eucalyptus grandis</em>, where infestations can lead to leaf discoloration, reduced photosynthetic capacity, and overall plant stress. Due to its economic importance, sustainable control strategies are needed. Essential oils (EOs) have emerged as promising tools for managing phytophagous mites, but their effects on <em>O. punicae</em> remain poorly studied. This work evaluated the acaricidal potential of EOs from <em>Alpinia zerumbet</em>, <em>Bixa orellana</em>, <em>Mesosphaerum suaveolens</em>, and <em>Syzygium cumini</em>. EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Acaricidal activity was assessed through toxicity, ovicidal and repellent tests, and effects on population growth rate. The main constituents (&gt;5 %) were mainly monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenes, with composition varying among species. Toxicity tests showed that at LC₅₀, the oil of <em>B. orellana</em> exhibited the highest lethality (0.55 μL/mL). At LC₉₀, both <em>A. zerumbet</em> and <em>B. orellana</em> were more toxic than <em>S. cumini</em>, with toxicity ratios (TR) of 9.1 and 5.6, respectively. All EOs reduced egg viability by over 50 %, with <em>S. cumini</em> reaching 79.25 % of non-hatched eggs. Population growth was still positive under EO exposure, but all treatments significantly reduced the intrinsic rate of increase compared to the control. All EOs also exhibited repellent activity at sublethal concentrations, with <em>A. zerumbet</em> showing the highest repellency. These results highlight the potential of EOs as effective acaricidal agents against <em>O. punicae</em>. While no single oil excelled in all parameters, each demonstrated specific strengths, supporting their complementary use, individually or in combination, in integrated pest management programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and insecticidal effects of the essential oil and nanoemulsion of Pogostemon cablin on populations of Sitophilus zeamais","authors":"Álvaro M.O. Santos ,&nbsp;Ana Paula A. Araújo ,&nbsp;Péricles B. Alves ,&nbsp;Arie Fitzgerald Blank ,&nbsp;Eliseu J.G. Pereira ,&nbsp;Raul N.C. Guedes ,&nbsp;Rogéria S. Nunes ,&nbsp;Marcelo C. Picanço ,&nbsp;Virginia E. Masiulionis ,&nbsp;Leandro Bacci","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insect pests pose significant risks to stored grains worldwide, and while synthetic pesticides are effective, they have environmental and health drawbacks. Plant essential oils (EO), with insecticidal properties, offer a promising alternative. This study evaluated the toxicity of <em>Pogostemon cablin</em> (patchouli) EO and its nanoemulsion on nine populations of <em>Sitophilus zeamais</em>, a major pest of stored grain. Fifteen compounds were identified in the EO, of which patchoulol was the major compound (55.04 %). The EO was tested through topical, contact, and fumigation exposures. Repellency and population growth effects were also assessed. The EO demonstrated fast insecticidal action, with an average median lethal time (LT₅₀) of 53 h. All populations showed similar responses, with the Viçosa population being the most susceptible, and Sete Lagoas the most tolerant. EO and nanoemulsion concentrations required to cause 50 % mortality ranged from 0.30 to 6.37 μL mL⁻¹ (contact) and 0.029–0.037 μL mL⁻¹ (fumigation). The EO and its nanoemulsion were effective repellents against the Viçosa population at LC₅₀ and LC₇₀ levels across all exposure times. For the Sete Lagoas population, repellency was also observed, except for LC₅₀ at 4, 6, and 8 h, and LC₇₀ after 24 h. Increasing nanoemulsion concentrations reduced reproductive index (<em>ri</em>) and grain consumption in both populations. Population decline (<em>ri</em> &lt; 0) began at 50.15 μL kg⁻¹ (Viçosa) and 67.29 μL kg⁻¹ (Sete Lagoas). These results highlight the potential of <em>P. cablin</em> EO for managing <em>S. zeamais</em> in stored grain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neopestalotiopsis formicidarum causing leaf spots on Myciaria dubia, Eugenia stipitata and Psidium acutangulum in Brazil","authors":"Ismaele Breckenfeld da Costa ,&nbsp;Juliana Farias Machado ,&nbsp;Marieli Teresinha Guerrezi Sachet ,&nbsp;Gilvan Ferreira da Silva ,&nbsp;Thiago Fernandes Sousa ,&nbsp;Ingride Jarline Santos da Silva ,&nbsp;Edvan Alves Chagas ,&nbsp;Talison Eugenio da Costa ,&nbsp;Ioná Santos Araújo Holanda ,&nbsp;Kedma da Silva Matos","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Camu-camu (<em>Myrciaria dubia</em>), araçá-boi (<em>Eugenia stipitata</em>), and araçá-pera (<em>Psidium acutangulum</em>) are Myrtaceae species native to the Amazon region. Their fruits have multiple industrial applications, particularly in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical sectors. Since 2020, leaf spot symptoms have been frequently observed on these fruit trees in both native and cultivated areas in northern Brazil. This study aimed to identify the etiological agent associated with leaf spots on camu-camu, araçá-boi and araçá-pera in the state of Roraima through morphological characterization and multilocus phylogenetic analysis. Twelve isolates of the genus <em>Neopestalotiopsis</em> were obtained from symptomatic leaf tissues. Based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of the combined internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the transcription elongation factor 1-α (<em>tef1</em>) and partial sequences of the β-tubulin gene (<em>tub2</em>), the isolates were identified as <em>Neopestalotiopsis formicidarum</em> (syn <em>N. formicarum</em>). Three isolates were used in pathogenicity assay and inoculated into seedlings of <em>M. dubia</em>, <em>E. stipitata</em>, and <em>P. acutangulum</em>, causing small brown to black leaf spots that expanded and coalesced into larger necrotic lesions. This is the first report of <em>N. formicidarum</em> causing leaf spot on camu-camu, araçá-boi and araçá-pera in Brazil. Our study should be helpful for better understanding of the species <em>N. formicidarum</em> that represents a potential threat to the cultivation of these fruit trees, and will be useful for effective strategies for prevention and control this disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field testing of the Redekop seed control unit in soybean and wheat production systems in Virginia","authors":"Eli C. Russell ,&nbsp;Wykle C. Greene ,&nbsp;Matthew P. Spoth ,&nbsp;Kevin W. Bamber ,&nbsp;Lauren M. Schwartz-Lazaro ,&nbsp;Michael L. Flessner","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seed impact mills are machines that are mounted directly to the back of a combine and are one way to implement harvest weed seed control (HWSC). Seed impact mills kill weed seeds during harvest, preventing seeds from being added to the soil seedbank. Previous research has indicated that seed impact mills have high seed kill rates (&gt;90 %) for problematic weeds in soybean and wheat. While these mills are effective, there are many ways that seeds could bypass the seed impact mill, such as shattering and seed loss at the header during harvest, which could reduce the effectiveness of these mills. In the field, tracking weed density in the following seasons after harvest could indicate overall effectiveness of using a seed impact mill. The purpose of this experiment was to track emergence of common ragweed (<em>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</em>) and Italian ryegrass (<em>Lolium perenne</em> ssp<em>. multiflorum</em>) in soybean and wheat fields, respectively, after harvesting with a seed impact mill. Seven soybean fields and four wheat fields in commercial production were tracked for <em>A. artemisiifolia</em> and <em>L. perenne</em> ssp. <em>multiflorum</em> density, respectively. For testing, each field was divided into two sections: with and without the use of the seed impact mill. Weed emergence was recorded in the following seasons. Density reductions for <em>A. artemisiifolia</em> after one year of HWSC were 26 % and 77 % at the postemergence herbicide and harvest timings, respectively. There was also a 99 % reduction after two harvests with HWSC, but a single HWSC harvest followed by a conventional harvest resulted in a 330 % increase. The density reduction of <em>L. perenne</em> ssp. <em>multiflorum</em> after one harvest was 48 %. These data indicate that seed impact mills can be an effective tool for reducing inputs into soil seedbank and weed densities in following seasons in systems under commercial production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}