Crop Protection最新文献_第10页

Temporal dynamics of guava root-knot nematode under the effect of different management methods 不同管理方法影响下番石榴根结线虫的时间动态变化

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107012

Isadora Rodrigues Garcia Gondo , Matheus Ricardo da Rocha , Cayo Yoshihiro Gondo , Kaique dos Santos Alves , Breno Benvindo dos Anjos , Simone de Paiva Caetano Bucker Moraes , Guilherme de Rezende Camara , Moises Zucoloto , Dimmy Herllen Silveira Gomes Barbosa , Fábio Ramos Alves , André da Silva Xavier , Samuel de Assis Silva , Willian Bucker Moraes

Guava, Psidium guajava L., is one of the most produced fruit trees in tropical and subtropical regions but the presence of Meloidogyne enterelobii Yang & Eisenback (Order: Tylenchida, Family: Heteroderidae) in orchards reduces fruit productivity by up to 65%, justifying integrated management programs constantly searching for methods for its efficient and sustainable control. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential of chemical, biological, and resistance induction control methods to reduce the variables associated with M. enterelobii in guava orchards. This study was conducted in two areas with guava trees (cv. Paluma) naturally infested with M. enterelobii populations. Commercial doses of products based on Trichoderma harzianum (TRI), Ascophyllum nodosum + potassium hydroxide (EG), and fluensulfone (NI) were applied alone and in interactions in seven treatments + control. Soil and root samples from each treatment were collected monthly and the number of M. entorolobiieggs and individuals and normalized difference vegetation indices were quantified. Analyses conducted on R found that the joint use of TRI + EG reduced M. entorolobii by up to 50% at the soil level, further decreasing reproduction factors and that TRI obtained a 59% reduction at the soil level. Treatments with EG showed higher average productions. These results justify the importance of alternative methods and their possible association with chemicals to manage guava root-knot nematodes.

番石榴（Psidium guajava L.）是热带和亚热带地区产量最高的果树之一，但果园中出现的 Meloidogyne enterelobii Yang & Eisenback（目：Tylenchida，科：Heteroderidae）会降低果实产量达 65%，因此综合管理计划需要不断寻找高效、可持续的控制方法。因此，本研究旨在调查化学、生物和抗性诱导控制方法的潜力，以减少番石榴果园中与 M. enterelobii 相关的变量。本研究在两个番石榴树（变种 Paluma）自然侵染 M. enterelobii 种群的地区进行。在七个处理和对照组中，单独或交互使用了商业剂量的产品，这些产品分别基于毛霉菌（TRI）、Ascophyllum nodosum + 氢氧化钾（EG）和氟磺隆（NI）。每月收集各处理的土壤和根部样本，并量化恩托罗比氏菌的数量和个体以及归一化差异植被指数。对 R 进行的分析发现，联合使用 TRI + EG 可使土壤中的 M. entorolobii 减少 50%，进一步降低繁殖系数，而 TRI 可使土壤中的 M. entorolobii 减少 59%。使用 EG 的处理显示出更高的平均产量。这些结果证明了替代方法的重要性，以及这些方法可能与化学药剂相结合来管理番石榴根结线虫。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of semiochemical pre-feeding, physiological state, and weather on the response of Bactrocera dorsalis to methyl eugenol baited traps 半化学预喂食、生理状态和天气对 Bactrocera dorsalis 对甲基丁香酚诱饵诱捕器反应的影响

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107015

Tania Pogue , Kevin Malod , Christopher W. Weldon

Plant-derived phenylpropanoids are semiochemicals that are often highly attractive to Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) males. One of these semiochemicals, methyl eugenol (ME), is used in the male annihilation technique (MAT) for the management of B. dorsalis (Hendel), a destructive horticultural pest. It is not normally viable to simultaneously implement MAT with the sterile insect technique (SIT), as released sterile males are attracted to MAT devices. However, prior semiochemical exposure can reduce the later response of Bactrocera males to the same or another semiochemical, which may allow the synchronous application of MAT and SIT. We determined how the interaction between semiochemical pre-feeding, weather, and fly physiology impacted the response of male B. dorsalis to ME baited traps. Response by a known number of males in field cages was determined in relation to temperature, relative humidity, semiochemical pre-feeding (ME, eugenol, or none), diet (protein supplemented and protein deprived) and age (4, 10 and 20 days old). Semiochemical pre-feeding of both ME and eugenol equally decreased the response of males that were 10 days old, or older, to ME baited traps. Adult diet had no effect on the response of males to ME baited traps. Response improved as temperature and relative humidity increased. These results highlight the feasibility of synchronous MAT-SIT programmes targeting B. dorsalis and the viability of continued protein supplementation of sterile males. We show that eugenol is an alternative to ME for suppression of male B. dorsalis response to MAT devices and that weather conditions significantly affect the variability and reliability of abundance estimates from trap captures.

植物提取的苯丙酮类是一种半化学物质，通常对双翅目（双翅目：Tephritidae）雄虫具有很强的吸引力。其中一种半化学物质甲基丁香酚（ME）被用于雄虫歼灭技术（MAT），以控制破坏性园艺害虫 B. dorsalis (Hendel)。由于释放的不育雄虫会被歼灭雄虫技术装置吸引，因此通常无法同时实施歼灭雄虫技术和昆虫不育技术（SIT）。不过，事先接触半化学物质会降低雄性芽胞虫对同一种或另一种半化学物质的反应，从而使 MAT 和 SIT 的应用同步进行。我们确定了半化学物质预喂食、天气和苍蝇生理机能之间的相互作用如何影响雄性背甲双壳虫对 ME 诱饵诱捕器的反应。田间笼子中已知数量雄蝇的反应与温度、相对湿度、半化学预喂食（ME、丁香酚或无）、饮食（补充蛋白质和缺乏蛋白质）和年龄（4、10 和 20 天）有关。预喂 ME 和丁香酚的半化学物质同样降低了 10 天大或更大的雄性对 ME 诱饵诱捕器的反应。成虫饮食对雄性对 ME 诱饵诱捕器的反应没有影响。随着温度和相对湿度的升高，雄性对ME诱捕器的反应也会提高。这些结果凸显了针对背腹扁虱的同步 MAT-SIT 计划的可行性，以及对不育雄虫持续补充蛋白质的可行性。我们的研究表明，丁香酚是抑制雄性背带蝠对 MAT 装置反应的一种替代 ME 的方法，而且天气条件会显著影响诱捕器捕获量估计值的可变性和可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Identification and characterization of Alternaria spp. causing leaf blotch on Salix matsudana: A study from Rudong city, China 导致沙柳叶斑病的 Alternaria spp.的鉴定和特征描述：中国如东的一项研究

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107014

Yi-Lin Chen , Bing-Yao Peng , Yu Wan , De-Wei Li , Li-Hua Zhu

Salix matsudana Koidz. is a popular ornamental tree in China and extensively cultured throughout Asia. It is renowned for its remarkable adaptability to challenging conditions, high biomass, rapid growth, and flood tolerances. In October 2022, a leaf blotch disease was observed in Rudong City, Jiangsu, China. This disease significantly impacted the ornamental and ecological value of the host tree. Fungal isolates, obtained from symptomatic leaves, were confirmed to be pathogenic to S. matsudana following pathogenicity tests. Phylogenetic analysis using seven loci (ITS, SSU, RPB2, LSU, ALTα-1, TEF1-α and GAPDH) and morphological characterization of the nine isolates revealed that they belonged to Alternaria alternata, Alternaria arborescens, and Alternaria koreana. This study represents the first study of Alternaria causing leaf blotch in S. matsudana. It provides valuable insights for disease management and enhances our understanding of Alternaria species diversity in China.

Salix matsudana Koidz.在中国是一种广受欢迎的观赏树木，在整个亚洲都有广泛栽培。它以对艰苦环境的卓越适应性、高生物量、快速生长和耐洪水而闻名。2022 年 10 月，中国江苏如东发现了叶斑病。这种病害严重影响了寄主树的观赏和生态价值。经过致病性测试，从症状叶片中分离出的真菌被证实对 S. matsudana 具有致病性。利用 7 个基因位点（ITS、SSU、RPB2、LSU、ALTα-1、TEF1-α 和 GAPDH）进行的系统发育分析和 9 个分离株的形态特征鉴定表明，这些分离株属于交替丝核菌（Alternaria alternata）、乔木交替丝核菌（Alternaria arborescens）和韩国交替丝核菌（Alternaria koreana）。本研究是首次对导致松树叶斑病的交替孢属进行研究。它为病害管理提供了有价值的见解，并加深了我们对中国交替孢属物种多样性的了解。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing management interventions against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. On elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson) in India 优化针对印度象脚山药（Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst. Nicolson)）硬根菌（Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.在印度象脚薯上（Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.)Nicolson

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107013

S.S. Veena , J. Sreekumar , M.L. Jeeva , G. Byju , G. Suja , S. Sengupta , C. Thangamani , Padmakshi Thakur , Ashish Narayan , Pradnya S. Gudadhe , S. Sunitha

Collar rot, caused by the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii, is the most widespread and devastating disease affecting elephant foot yam (EFY), leading to significant yield loss. In addition to causing economic damage, high disease incidence results in postharvest rot and a lack of quality planting material for the next season. The increasing incidence of collar rot in the past decade is alarming, and existing management practices have not effectively controlled the pathogen. Therefore, there was an urgent need to develop an effective management strategy to mitigate crop loss. The combination of fungicide, Carbendazim + Mancozeb, bio-agents Trichoderma asperellum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, showed high inhibition in lab studies. A preliminary field trial was conducted with these selected bio-agents and fungicide, in addition to the organic amendment vermicompost. Based on the results of the preliminary field trial and another study on managing postharvest rot in elephant foot yam, treatments were finalized, and field trials were conducted over 3 years at ICAR-CTCRI. These results were further validated by testing the same treatments in five states of India. Dipping the corms in a combination fungicide (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP) for 10 min before storage, treating the corms with cow dung slurry enriched with T. asperellum at 5 g/kg corm three days before planting, and drenching the plant base twice with the same fungicide resulted in the lowest disease incidence (3.19%) and highest yield (36.70 t ha⁻¹) compared to 12.85% disease incidence and 28.37 t ha⁻¹ yield in the control.

由真菌 Sclerotium rolfsii 引起的领腐病是影响象脚山药（EFY）的最普遍和最具破坏性的病害，会导致严重减产。除了造成经济损失外，高发病率还会导致收获后腐烂和下一季缺乏优质种植材料。在过去十年中，领腐病的发病率不断上升，令人担忧，而现有的管理方法并不能有效控制病原体。因此，迫切需要制定有效的管理策略，以减少作物损失。在实验室研究中，杀菌剂多菌灵 + 代森锰锌与生物制剂赤霉菌和淀粉芽孢杆菌的组合显示出很强的抑制作用。除了有机添加剂蛭石外，还使用这些选定的生物制剂和杀菌剂进行了初步田间试验。根据初步田间试验的结果和另一项关于治理象脚山药收获后腐烂病的研究，最终确定了处理方法，并在 ICAR-CTCRI 进行了为期 3 年的田间试验。通过在印度五个邦测试相同的处理方法，进一步验证了这些结果。在贮藏前将茎秆浸泡在复合杀菌剂（多菌灵 12% + 代森锰锌 63% WP）中 10 分钟，在种植前三天用富含 5 克/千克茎秆的象脚兰的牛粪泥浆处理茎秆，并用相同的杀菌剂在植株基部淋洗两次，结果病害发生率最低（3.19%），产量最高（36.70 吨/公顷），而对照组的病害发生率为 12.85%，产量为 28.37 吨/公顷。

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引用次数: 0

Validation of degree day threshold for Delia platura first emergence in New York State 验证纽约州 Delia platura 首次出现的度日阈值

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107011

Chloe Yi-Luo Cho , Shea Crowther , Alexa Stratton , Dan Olmstead , Katja Poveda

Seedcorn maggot (Delia platura) is a globally distributed agricultural pest that feeds on the germinating seeds of economically important crops, including corn and beans. The larvae cause underground damage, which can lead to stand loss. For decades, D. platura has been managed using insecticide-coated seeds, but following the ban on neonicotinoid-coated corn, soy, and wheat seeds in New York State, this practice will no longer be available. Degree day models have been used to predict the emergence of the overwintering generation of agricultural pests since the late 1900s. However, the terminology used in the literature to distinguish degree day thresholds for first emergence and peak emergence is unclear, and previous reports of a 360 degree day emergence threshold did not align with field observations. In 2023, we captured the first emergence at four sites, and in 2024, we monitored adult D. platura at 25 sites in New York State. We observed the first adult emergence between 52 and 197 accumulated degree days (98 ± 7 degree days, mean ± 1 SE) using a biofix of January 1st, confirming that in New York State, D. platura emergence is earlier than previously reported values. Additionally, we note adult activity during December 2023 and January 2024, suggesting that warming winters may impact our ability to predict pest emergence. We propose future models should incorporate both degree day information and other regionally specific factors known to impact pests, including farm management, soil conditions, and landscape composition, for more accurate predictions.

籽粒蛆（Delia platura）是一种分布于全球的农业害虫，以玉米和豆类等重要经济作物的发芽种子为食。幼虫造成地下危害，可能导致作物减产。几十年来，D. platura 一直使用杀虫剂包衣的种子进行管理，但在纽约州禁止使用新烟碱包衣的玉米、大豆和小麦种子后，这种做法将不再适用。自 20 世纪末以来，度日模型一直被用于预测农业害虫越冬代的出现。然而，文献中用于区分首次萌发和萌发高峰的度日阈值的术语并不明确，而且之前关于 360 度日萌发阈值的报告与实地观测结果并不一致。2023 年，我们在纽约州的四个地点捕捉到了首次萌发；2024 年，我们在纽约州的 25 个地点监测到了 D. platura 成虫。以 1 月 1 日为生物固定期，我们在 52 到 197 个累积度日（98 ± 7 度日，平均值 ± 1 SE）之间观察到首次成虫出现，这证实在纽约州，D. platura 出现的时间早于之前报告的数值。此外，我们注意到 2023 年 12 月和 2024 年 1 月期间的成虫活动，这表明冬季变暖可能会影响我们预测害虫出现的能力。我们建议未来的模型应结合度日信息和其他已知会影响害虫的地区特定因素，包括农场管理、土壤条件和景观构成，以进行更准确的预测。

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引用次数: 0

Citrus huanglongbing detection: A hyperspectral data-driven model integrating feature band selection with machine learning algorithms 柑橘黄龙病检测：将特征波段选择与机器学习算法相结合的高光谱数据驱动模型

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107008

Kangting Yan , Xiaobing Song , Jing Yang , Junqi Xiao , Xidan Xu , Jun Guo , Hongyun Zhu , Yubin Lan , Yali Zhang

This study explored rapid detection techniques for citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), a disease that severely impacts global citrus production. The method based on hyperspectral technology combined with machine learning algorithms provides new ideas for rapid HLB identification. Algorithm selection is crucial for processing efficiency and hyperspectral data interpretation. Hyperspectral data from healthy, mild HLB-infected, and macular (not related to HLB) citrus leaves were captured using a hyperspectrometer, with qPCR validation. Three preprocessing methods were selected to preprocess the spectral data. Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) and Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA) were used to extract feature bands from the hyperspectral data, and the range of the number of filtered feature bands as a percentage of the full band was 22.87%–28.31% and 3.27%–4.17%, respectively. Five distinct algorithms were then employed to construct classification models. Upon evaluation, the SPA-STD-SVM algorithm combination proved most effective, boasting a 97.46% accuracy and a 98.55% recall rate. The results demonstrate that suitable machine learning algorithms can effectively classify the hyperspectral data of citrus leaves in three different states: healthy, mild HLB-infected, and macular. This provides an effective approach for using hyperspectral data to differentiate citrus Huanglongbing.

这项研究探索了柑橘黄龙病（HLB）的快速检测技术，这种病害严重影响全球柑橘生产。基于高光谱技术的方法与机器学习算法相结合，为快速识别 HLB 提供了新思路。算法选择对于处理效率和高光谱数据解读至关重要。使用高光谱仪采集了健康、轻度 HLB 感染和黄斑（与 HLB 无关）柑橘叶片的高光谱数据，并进行了 qPCR 验证。选择了三种预处理方法对光谱数据进行预处理。采用竞争性自适应重加权采样（CARS）和连续投影算法（SPA）从高光谱数据中提取特征带，过滤后的特征带数量占全光谱带的百分比范围分别为 22.87%-28.31% 和 3.27%-4.17% 。然后采用五种不同的算法构建分类模型。经过评估，SPA-STD-SVM 算法组合被证明是最有效的，准确率为 97.46%，召回率为 98.55%。结果表明，合适的机器学习算法可以有效地对柑橘叶片的高光谱数据进行健康、轻度 HLB 感染和黄斑三种不同状态的分类。这为利用高光谱数据区分柑橘黄龙病提供了一种有效的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Potential biopesticides from Datura alba and Calotropis gigantea: Extraction, analysis, and reported compounds 曼陀罗和菖蒲中的潜在生物杀虫剂：提取、分析和报告的化合物

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107009

Rahim Ullah, Susanne K. Wiedmer

The growing demand for eco-friendly bio-based agrochemicals with lower health hazards and optimal pest management options boosts the production and utilization of biopesticides. This review provides a comprehensive overview of two toxic weed species Datura alba (Solanaceae family), and Calotropis gigantea (Asclepiadaceae family) with a specific focus on extraction with various solvents, phytochemistry, and biopesticidal activities. The data presented in this article shows that these two toxic weeds species have been studied and reported for biopesticidal activities like antifeedant, ovicidal, insecticidal, larvicidal, antibacterial, and repelling ability against various insects/crop pests. Phytochemical analysis shows that these two weed species have distinct biochemical profiles. However, studies lack systematic screening of the biochemical profiles. In addition, the review highlights the gaps in previous research and suggests that there is a need for well-detailed phytochemical profiling, spectrum of action and mode of action for the future use of these weed plants in the development of biological control agents.

人们对健康危害较小的生态友好型生物农用化学品和最佳害虫管理方案的需求日益增长，推动了生物农药的生产和利用。本综述全面综述了两种有毒杂草曼陀罗（茄科）和金盏菊（菊科），重点介绍了各种溶剂的提取、植物化学和生物农药活性。本文提供的数据表明，这两种有毒杂草的生物杀虫活性已得到研究和报道，如抗飞虫、杀卵、杀虫、杀幼虫、抗菌和驱避各种昆虫/作物害虫的能力。植物化学分析显示，这两种杂草具有不同的生化特征。然而，相关研究缺乏对生化特征的系统筛选。此外，该综述还强调了以往研究中的不足，并建议今后在开发生物防治剂时需要对这些杂草植物进行详细的植物化学分析、作用谱和作用模式研究。

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引用次数: 0

Adding non-crop plants enhances parasitoid fitness on potato plants, but not pest densities 添加非作物植物可提高寄生虫对马铃薯植株的适应性，但不能提高害虫密度

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107010

Yusha Wang , Yongping Zhou , Ruwen Li , Ambreen Masqsood , Hongsong Chen , Zhenqiang Qin , Jingfang Yang , Jiali Zhang , Lin Jing , Huihua Tan , Zhongshi Zhou

Conservation biological control (CBC) aims to enhance pest regulation/suppression by intentionally attracting, retaining, and promoting the fitness and effectiveness of natural enemies. Due to carbohydrate sources being highly limited in agroecosystems, providing alternative carbohydrate sources (i.e., nectar sugars, starches) can enhance the survival, fecundity, and effectiveness of natural enemies. Under laboratory conditions, we analyzed five flowering non-crop plant species in habitat management on the longevity, egg load, and reproductive performance of the parasitoid, Aenasirus bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a key natural enemy of mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Moreover, we measured the influence of the flowering candidates on the host preference and population growth of P. solenopsis. All five flowering non-crop plant species, Fagopyrum esculentum (Polygonaceae), Tagetes erecta (Asteraceae), Vicia faba (Fabaceae), Lobularia maritima (Brassicaceae), and Coriandrum sativum (Apiaceae) promoted the longevity and egg load of A. bambawalei when compared with water only. However, only the females fed on F. esculentum, V. faba, and L. maritima produced 16% and 13% higher total offspring and female offspring than on water, respectively. None of these five non-crop plant species increased the population of mealybugs on crop plants or in the overall system (non-crop plants + crop plants), and there was no significant difference in their abundance across the five different plant combinations. All five flowering candidates positively affected the longevity and/or reproductive capabilities of A. bambawalei without causing an increase in the population of mealybugs on crop plants.

保护性生物防治（CBC）旨在通过有意吸引、保留和促进天敌的适应性和有效性来加强对害虫的控制/抑制。由于农业生态系统中碳水化合物来源非常有限，提供替代碳水化合物来源（如花蜜糖、淀粉）可提高天敌的存活率、繁殖力和有效性。在实验室条件下，我们分析了栖息地管理中的五种开花非作物植物对寄生虫 Aenasirus bambawalei Hayat（膜翅目：Encyrtidae）寿命、产卵量和繁殖性能的影响，Aenasirus bambawalei Hayat 是蚧壳虫 Phenacoccus solenopsis（半翅目：伪球虫科）的主要天敌。此外，我们还测量了开花候选植物对蚧壳虫寄主偏好和种群增长的影响。与只喂水相比，五种开花的非农作物物种：蓼科（Fagopyrum esculentum）、菊科（Tagetes erecta）、豆科（Vicia faba）、芸香科（Lobularia maritima）和芫荽科（Coriandrum sativum）都能提高褐飞虱的寿命和产卵量。然而，只有喂食 F. esculentum、V. faba 和 L. maritima 的雌虫的总后代数和雌性后代数分别比喂食水的高出 16% 和 13%。这五种非作物植物都不会增加作物植株上或整个系统（非作物植株+作物植株）中的蚧壳虫数量，五种不同植物组合中的蚧壳虫数量也没有显著差异。所有这五种开花候选植物都会对 A. bambawalei 的寿命和/或繁殖能力产生积极影响，但不会导致作物植株上的蚧虫数量增加。

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引用次数: 0

Small-sample cucumber disease identification based on multimodal self-supervised learning 基于多模态自监督学习的小样本黄瓜病害识别

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107006

Yiyi Cao , Guangling Sun , Yuan Yuan , Lei Chen

It is difficult and costly to obtain large-scale, labeled crop disease data in the field of agriculture. How to use small samples of unlabeled data for feature learning has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved. The emergence of self-supervised contrastive learning methods and self-supervised mask learning methods can solve the problem of missing labels on the training data. However, each of these paradigms comes with its own advantages and drawbacks. At the same time, the features learned by dataset in a single modality are limited, ignoring the correlation with other modal information. Hence, this paper introduced an effective framework for multimodal self-supervised learning, denoted as MMSSL, to address the task of identifying cucumber diseases with small sample sizes. Integrating image self-supervised mask learning, image self-supervised contrastive learning, and multimodal image-text contrastive learning, the model can not only learn disease feature information from different modalities, but also capture global and local disease feature information. Simultaneously, the mask learning branch was enhanced by introducing a prompt learning module based on a cross-attention network. This module aided in approximately locating the masked regions in the image data in advance, facilitating the decoder in making accurate decoding predictions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a 95% accuracy in cucumber disease identification in the absence of labels. The approach effectively uncovers high-level semantic features within multimodal small-sample cucumber disease data. GradCAM is also employed for visual analysis to further understand the decision-making process of the model in disease identification. In conclusion, the proposed method in this paper is advantageous for enhancing the classification accuracy of small-sample cucumber data in a multimodal, unlabeled context, demonstrating good generalization performance.

在农业领域，获取大规模、有标记的作物病害数据既困难又昂贵。如何利用未标记的小样本数据进行特征学习已成为亟待解决的问题。自监督对比学习方法和自监督掩码学习方法的出现可以解决训练数据中标签缺失的问题。然而，这些范式各有利弊。同时，单一模态数据集学习到的特征是有限的，忽略了与其他模态信息的相关性。因此，本文介绍了一种有效的多模态自监督学习框架（简称 MMSSL），以解决样本量较小的黄瓜病害识别任务。该模型集成了图像自监督掩码学习、图像自监督对比学习和多模态图像-文本对比学习，不仅能学习不同模态的疾病特征信息，还能捕捉全局和局部疾病特征信息。同时，通过引入基于交叉注意网络的提示学习模块，掩膜学习分支得到了增强。该模块有助于提前在图像数据中大致定位掩码区域，从而帮助解码器做出准确的解码预测。实验结果表明，所提出的方法在没有标签的情况下识别黄瓜疾病的准确率达到 95%。该方法有效地发现了多模态小样本黄瓜疾病数据中的高级语义特征。此外，还利用 GradCAM 进行了可视化分析，以进一步了解该模型在疾病识别中的决策过程。总之，本文提出的方法有利于提高多模态、无标记背景下黄瓜小样本数据的分类准确性，并表现出良好的泛化性能。

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引用次数: 0

Labor-saving application of thifluzamide and tricyclazole to seedling trays for integrated control of rice blast and sheath blight 在秧盘中施用噻虫嗪和三环唑综合防治稻瘟病和鞘枯病，节省劳动力

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107004

Xugen Shi , Kang Qiao , Yong Zhang , Shouan Zhang , Yong Liu , Xianpeng Zhang , Baotong Li , Ruqiang Cui

Rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) are limiting factors for rice production. Co-infection of these pathogens results in a disease complex which is difficult to control. In China, growers are accustomed to applying individual fungicides to manage blast and sheath blight, which require large amounts of labor. Application to seedling trays is a new promising solution for saving labor. In this study, application of combined fungicides with different modes of action to seedling trays to integrate control rice blast and sheath blight was evaluated in vitro assays and field trials. The results showed that the combination of thifluzamide and tricyclazole in the 1:2 ratio had significant synergistic inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of M. grisea and R. solani, with a synergistic ratio (SR) of 2.17 and 1.49. Results from field trials revealed that thifluzamide + tricyclazole at 1107 and 958.5 g/ha applied to seedling trays was the most effective treatment to reduce the disease index of rice blast with control effects of 83.74–84.96% and 81.34–83.26% in 2022 and 2023, respectively, and no significant differences were observed from tricyclazole at 300 g/ha as foliar sprays twice. Compared to the untreated control, disease index of rice sheath blight was notably reduced by all treatments containing thifluzamide. The highest control was recorded in the treatment of thifluzamide + tricyclazole applied at 1107 g/ha to seedling trays. Moreover, compared to the untreated control, all treatments significantly enhanced rice grain yield by 7.67–17.86% and 3.38–18.91% in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The greatest yield (7429.73 and 7404.73 kg/ha in 2022 and 2023, respectively) was observed from the treatment of thifluzamide + tricyclazole at 1107 g/ha applied to seedling trays, with no significant differences among all the treatments containing tricyclazole. Taken together, these results indicated that seedling tray application of thifluzamide + tricyclazole could be a labor-saving approach to the integrated control of rice blast and sheath blight disease complex, while increasing rice grain yield.

稻瘟病（Magnaporthe grisea）和鞘枯病（Rhizoctonia solani）是限制水稻产量的因素。这些病原体的共同侵染导致了难以控制的复合病害。在中国，种植者习惯于使用单独的杀菌剂来防治稻瘟病和鞘枯病，这需要大量的劳动力。在育苗盘中施用杀菌剂是一种节省劳动力的新型解决方案。本研究在体外试验和田间试验中评估了在秧盘中施用不同作用模式的复合杀菌剂来综合防治稻瘟病和鞘枯病的效果。结果表明，噻虫嗪和三环唑以 1:2 的比例复配，对 M. grisea 和 R. solani 的菌丝生长有显著的增效抑制作用，增效比（SR）分别为 2.17 和 1.49。田间试验结果表明，噻虫嗪+三环唑1107克/公顷和958.5克/公顷施用于秧盘是降低稻瘟病发病指数最有效的处理方法，在2022年和2023年的防治效果分别为83.74-84.96%和81.34-83.26%，与三环唑300克/公顷叶面喷施两次的防治效果无显著差异。与未处理的对照相比，含氟虫酰胺的所有处理都显著降低了水稻鞘枯病的发病指数。对秧盘施用 1107 克/公顷的噻虫胺+三环唑处理的防治效果最高。此外，与未处理的对照相比，所有处理都显著提高了 2022 年和 2023 年的稻谷产量，增幅分别为 7.67-17.86% 和 3.38-18.91%。在秧盘中施用 1107 克/公顷的噻虫嗪+三环唑处理的产量最高（2022 年和 2023 年分别为 7429.73 千克/公顷和 7404.73 千克/公顷），而含有三环唑的所有处理之间没有显著差异。总之，这些结果表明，秧盘施用噻虫胺+三环唑是一种省力的方法，可综合防治稻瘟病和鞘病复合病害，同时提高水稻产量。

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引用次数: 0