Crop Protection最新文献

{"title":"Biological and population parameters of Telenomus remus and Trichogramma atopovirilia as biological control agents for Spodoptera frugiperda","authors":"Jaime Gonzalez-Cabrera ,&nbsp;Rosa Elia García-García ,&nbsp;Jorge Luis Vega-Chavez ,&nbsp;Yadira Contreras-Bermudez ,&nbsp;Nallely Mejía-García ,&nbsp;Erika Ángeles-Chavez ,&nbsp;Jorge Antonio Sanchez-Gonzalez","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maize production faces a significant threat from <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> (J. E. Smith) worldwide; historically, <em>Trichogramma pretiosum</em> Riley has served as the primary augmentative egg parasitoid for its biological control. However, since 2004, <em>Telenomus remus</em> Nixon has emerged as a viable global alternative. On a regional scale, in Mexico, <em>Trichogramma atopovirilia</em> (Oatman &amp; Platner) was theorized to outperform <em>T. pretiosum</em>, proving superior in both laboratory and field conditions in 2020. To further the field efficacy of the augmentative use of parasitoids as biological agents of <em>S. frugiperda</em>, we conducted comparisons of biological and population parameters under laboratory-controlled conditions to determine whether <em>T. remus</em> would be more effective than <em>T. atopovirilia</em>, the best <em>Trichogramma</em> parasitoid in Mexico for <em>S. frugiperda</em>. We found that the former parasitoid had statistically significant longer female and male longevity, as well as a higher proportion of female offspring, and greater numerical values in net reproduction rate, intrinsic rate of increase, and finite rate of increase, but no differences were found in the number of days required for both parasitoids to develop from egg to female or egg to male, as well as in the mean generation time and doubling time. Under the conditions of these trials, <em>T. remus</em> had a 47.02% greater intrinsic rate of increase (r_m) and may thus be a more effective biological control agent for <em>S. frugiperda</em> than <em>T. atopovirilia</em>. However, these biological and population parameter comparisons are the first execution worldwide; further studies are needed to validate these promising <em>T. remus</em> results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106995"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can repellent crops reduce the abundance of the common vole (Microtus arvalis) as a way to reduce crop damage?","authors":"Josef Suchomel ,&nbsp;Jan Šipoš ,&nbsp;Marta Heroldová","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The common vole is one of the most damaging rodents in agriculture. A number of methods are used to suppress its numbers and limit damage. One option is growing crops that are not suitable for voles; this might limit their numbers and distribution. Through long-term monitoring of common voles throughout the Czech Republic, their abundance in eleven crop types (annual, biennial and perennial crops) was evaluated through active burrow counts. Reference crops were selected from perennials and biennials and annual crops were selected as potential repellents. The perennial crops were clover with alfalfa, which serve as the primary habitat for voles. These crops are where voles are found in their highest densities, and from which they spread to the surrounding crops during periods of high abundance. The biennial winter rape was selected because it provides favourable conditions for voles to overwinter and multiply rapidly in the spring. Compared to perennial crops and winter rape, significantly lower numbers of voles were found in onions, poppy seeds and maize. Additionally, fewer voles were also found in mustard compared to perennial crops. Onion and poppy were the only crops to show a significantly lower abundance of voles in comparison to wheat. The annual crops tested are unattractive to voles and due to the cultivation practices used, they do not even have enough weeds as food. As profitable crops they can be cultivated over sufficiently large areas to potentially prevent the spread of voles to surrounding crops, especially during outbreak years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106996"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic Metarhizium anisopliae isolates suppress two-spotted spider mite population and black leaf spot disease while enhancing tomato plant growth","authors":"Seyed Ali Safavi ,&nbsp;Seyedeh Reyhaneh Golzan ,&nbsp;Sina Mesri-Ghahramanloo ,&nbsp;J.P. Michaud","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The entomopathogenic fungus <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> (Metchn.) Sorokin can grow endophytically in crops such as tomato, often inhibiting the growth of pests and diseases. Different isolates of <em>M. anisopliae</em> vary in their protective properties and require careful assessment prior to their use in any application. We evaluated isolates WEU01 and WEU02 of <em>M. anisopliae</em> for their ability to colonize tomato plants, promote plant growth, suppress spider mites, and inhibit black spot infections caused by <em>Alternaria alternata</em>. Both fungal isolates grew systemically within tomato plants, persisted in plant vegetative tissues for up to eight weeks, reduced spider mite populations, and were antagonistic to <em>A. alternata in vitro</em> and <em>in planta</em>. After four weeks, endophytic <em>M. anisopliae</em> positively affected leaf area, leaf number, stem length, stem diameter, dry weight, and chlorophyl content. These results illustrate the potential benefits of endophytic <em>M. anisopliae</em> for biological control of pests and diseases on tomato.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106994"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a closed tube loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to detect Hirschmanniella oryzae (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) in exported aquatic plants","authors":"Arunee Suwanngam ,&nbsp;Philipp H. Schiffer ,&nbsp;Anongnuch Sasnarukkit ,&nbsp;Suradej Siripattanapipong ,&nbsp;Kansiree Jindapunnapat ,&nbsp;Toon Ruang-areerate ,&nbsp;Buncha Chinnasri","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice root nematode, <em>Hirschmanniella oryzae</em> is an important plant-parasitic nematode inflicting substantial destruction on economically important agricultural crops worldwide and invading an extensive range of plant hosts, including aquatic plants. However, morphological identification of the nematode has encountered limitations. This study developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the genetic sequence of <em>H</em>. <em>oryzae</em> 28S ribosomal RNA gene as an alternative method. The LAMP assay demonstrated remarkable speed that the outcome could be achieved within 40 min at an isothermal temperature, 65 °C. The assay could interpret the fluorescence (SYBR safe) and color (SYBR green I) in a pre-reaction mixture, ensuring reliability and minimizing contamination risk during post-amplification. Our assay has high specificity and enables accurate differentiation from other nematode species in diverse aquatic plant samples. The sensitivity was higher than PCR and real-time PCR as low as 4.61 fg/μL. The development of fluorescent and colorimetric closed tube LAMP assay highlights it as a valuable tool that is a simplified, sensitive and rapid diagnostic method for detecting aquatic pest nematode, <em>H. oryzae</em>, at point-of-service level. The implementation of this method holds promise for future applications in plant quarantine departments and offers a significant advancement in the diagnosis of infected plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106989"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated framework for multipurpose UAV Path Planning in hedgerow systems considering the biophysical environment","authors":"Sergio Vélez ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Mier ,&nbsp;Mar Ariza-Sentís ,&nbsp;João Valente","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a new path-planning framework for precision agriculture, designed for hedgerow systems, which combines cutting-edge technology and data analysis to enhance crop management in light of climate change challenges. The framework creates detailed digital field models by employing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or drones, either with high-precision LiDAR or Structure-from-Motion (SfM) data. Then, these models are inputs for the path planning algorithm, crucial for directing drones on the most efficient paths for surveys or spraying. The key feature is its ability to adjust to the specific conditions of agricultural fields, considering the current biophysical environment, ensuring paths are closely aligned with crop rows and adapting to vegetation changes. This leads to significant efficiency improvements, especially in cases of irregular row spacing or heterogeneous vegetation, achieving paths up to 40% shorter than traditional geometry-based methods. The effectiveness of the algorithm relies on the quality of input data, with LiDAR being recommended due to its higher accuracy despite its longer processing time. Field tests were conducted in a vineyard in Spain to validate the effectiveness of the framework. Integrating drone technology with precise routing and high-quality data, the proposed framework can potentially enhance the sustainable and efficient management of woody crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mining genetic resources for stable resistance to Alternaria blight disease of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)","authors":"Lakshman Prasad ,&nbsp;Ashulata Kaushal ,&nbsp;Nalini Tewari ,&nbsp;Nandan Mehta ,&nbsp;Mahender Singh Saharan ,&nbsp;U.K. Tripathi ,&nbsp;Sorabh Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Tarun Pradhan ,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar ,&nbsp;Gyanendra Pratap Singh ,&nbsp;Vikender Kaur","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-environment screening of 2579 linseed accessions from the National Genebank of India was undertaken to identify novel donors imparting resistance to <em>Alternaria lini</em> causing blight disease of linseed. <em>Alternaria</em> blight incidence showed a differential genotypic response in the degree of disease severity across different location-year environments. The comparative analysis of disease incidence across two locations revealed that the mean leaf blight was higher at Raipur (∼81%) compared to Kanpur (43.83%), while mean bud blight was comparatively higher (up to 14.86%) at Kanpur than Raipur (∼4%). Leaf and bud blight scores across multiple environments revealed only 3.41% of the tested germplasm (4 resistant and 84 moderately resistant accessions) showed resistance to <em>A. lini</em> infection. Based on pooled disease incidence scores, a small and representative ‘Reference Set for <em>Alternaria</em> blight resistance’ (RSAB) comprising 256 genotypes was assembled and validated for confirmation of resistance. Overall, one genotype, a selection from IC0591124 was identified as resistant and 14 genotypes (selections from germplasm accessions having National IDs – IC0526066, EC0718850, IC0526032, IC0498580, IC0499140, IC0523800, EC0718852, IC0305053, IC0597268, IC0420772, EC0041481, IC0526017, IC0498549 and IC0597274) were found moderately resistant against all the three isolates of <em>A. lini</em> (<em>Rpr</em>, <em>Knpr</em> and <em>Dli</em>) in up to seven environments including artificial epiphytotic conditions in an environment-controlled glass house. A critical examination of the different quality evaluation criteria revealed that the assembled RSAB effectively captured the representativeness of the whole collection for disease resistance. The RSAB germplasm and novel broad-range resistant genotypes identified in the present study offer valuable insights for breeding programs aiming to develop blight resistant linseed varieties for sustainable disease management. In addition, these genetic resources will be crucial in identifying genes/genomic regions underlying blight resistance through genome-wide association studies and mapping resistance-linked QTLs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selectivity of pre-emergent herbicides in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and its relationship with the stem cutting planting system","authors":"Gabriel Antonio Pinto Ruiz ,&nbsp;Ricardo Daniel Medina ,&nbsp;José Ramón Tarragó ,&nbsp;Angela María Burgos","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cassava (<em>Manihot esculenta</em> Crantz, Euphorbiaceae), an important source of food for millions of people in the world, is distributed mainly in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Weeds are important biotic constraints on cassava production, and herbicide application can provide effective weed control in this crop. However, the different possibilities of herbicide selectivity (factors associated and not associated with the plants) must be studied before implementation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the combination of different pre-emergence herbicides and two stem cutting planting systems (vertical and horizontal) on phytotoxicity and several agronomic traits of the cassava crop. The experiment was conducted through a factorial arrangement in a completely random design in Corrientes, Argentina. The factors studied were planting systems (horizontal and vertical position), weed control methods (hoeing or application of diuron, S-metolachlor, pendimethalin or clomazone, 625; 1920; 900 and 1000 g a.i. ha⁻¹, respectively), and cropping seasons (2018–2019 and 2019–2020). The following variables were measured: phytotoxicity, plant height, relative plant stand, total weight of tuberous roots per plant, starch concentration of tuberous roots, and starch production per ha. The highest precipitations occurred in the 2018–2019 cropping season. The vertical planting system in combination with herbicides showed lower phytotoxicity values and higher values of plant height, starch concentration, and starch production per ha than the horizontal planting system. The highest phytotoxicity values were recorded with the application of diuron combined with the horizontal planting system and in the 2018–2019 season, with a 33.33% decrease in relative plant stand compared to the use of hoeing. Starch concentration remained unchanged with the use of clomazone and pendimethalin, whereas the effect of these herbicides on starch production varied with the cropping season, decreasing only in 2019–2020. Starch production was significantly lower with the use of S-metolachlor (up to 55.29% in 2018–2019) and of diuron (up to 60.57% in 2019–2020) than with the use of hoeing. In conclusion, phytotoxicity values were higher for the horizontal planting system than for the vertical system. The herbicide with the highest phytotoxic effect on the cassava crop was diuron; the effect increased when combined with the horizontal planting system in the cropping season with higher rainfall. This work provides the basis for integrated weed management concerning the use of herbicides and their selectivity according to planting systems for cassava crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106985"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic analyses reveal only Albugo rorippae causing white rust on horseradish in Brazil","authors":"Marlon Henrique Hahn ,&nbsp;Erica Camila Zielinski ,&nbsp;Alexandre Claus ,&nbsp;Gabriel Koch ,&nbsp;Jhulia Gelain ,&nbsp;Danilo Batista Pinho ,&nbsp;Henrique da Silva Silveira Duarte","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Armoracia rusticana</em>, commonly known as horseradish, is a Brassicaceae condiment common in southern Brazilian cuisine. In 2020, plants with leaf lesions and white pustules were observed in a cultivation area in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil. Based on phylogenetic studies, <em>Albugo</em> sensu lato was classified into the genera <em>Albugo</em>, <em>Pustula</em>, and <em>Wilsoniana</em>. As there is still no molecular characterization of the specimens that cause white rust in Brazil, this study aimed to identify the causal agent of white rust in <em>A. rusticana</em>. Symptomatic plants were collected to identify the oomycete and placed near asymptomatic plants for the pathogenicity test. Plants exposed to the diseased plants showed symptoms 14 days after exposure, while plants without exposure to diseased plants remained asymptomatic. Comparison of symptoms and morphology matched the characteristics of <em>Albugo</em> sensu lato. After morphometry and sequence comparison of the partial region of the cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit II (<em>cox</em>2) mtDNA gene, the oomycete was identified as <em>Albugo rorippae</em>. To date, this species is reported on <em>A. rusticana, Rorippa amphibia, Rorippa palustris,</em> and <em>Rorippa sylvestris</em> in Argentina, Australia, Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, and Romania. According to the literature, the <em>Albugo</em> specimens that colonize <em>Armoracia</em> sp. have low efficiency in colonizing <em>Rorippa</em> sp., and there are some differences in the oospores of the specimens isolated from these two hosts. Therefore, a comprehensive sampling of <em>Albugo</em> sp. in <em>Armoracia</em> and <em>Rorippa</em> species is essential to determine whether there is host genus specialization. This is the first report of <em>A. rorippae</em> in <em>Armoracia rusticana</em> in Brazil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable management of blister and grey blight diseases of tea using antagonistic and plant growth promoting microbes in Western Ghats of India","authors":"K. Murugavel ,&nbsp;G. Karthikeyan ,&nbsp;M. Raveendran ,&nbsp;V. Sendhilvel ,&nbsp;A. Sudha ,&nbsp;L. Karthiba ,&nbsp;K. Venkatesan ,&nbsp;P. Nepolean","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The blister and grey blights are the devastating leaf diseases in tea. The severity of blister and grey blight diseases in tea ranged from 22% to 68% and 11.41%–57.02%, respectively in a survey conducted in Southern India during 2022–2023. The morphological and molecular identifications of pathogens revealed that <em>Exobasidium vexans</em> and <em>Neopestalotiopsis clavispora</em> were responsible for causing blister and grey blights on tea in southern India. The conventional management strategy with foliar spray of synthetic fungicides result in fungicidal residue in tea causes environmental pollution and health hazards to human. To overcome this the current study aims to manage the blister and grey blight diseases of tea through the microbial biocontrol agents. The bacterial biocontrol agents <em>viz., Bacillus subtilis</em> (BBV57), <em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</em> (TNAU), <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em> (Pf1) and the fungal antagonist, <em>Trichoderma asperellum</em> (TV 1) were evaluated for their efficacy against the both blight diseases. All the bio agents have significantly reduced the basidiospore germination and the mycelial growth of <em>E. vexans</em> and <em>N. clavispora,</em> respectively. Among the bio agents, <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> registered 88.36% reduction in the germination of <em>E. vexans</em> basidiospore and 85.56% of mycelial growth reduction of <em>N. clavispora in vitro</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Under field conditions the combined soil and foliar application of bacterial antagonists <em>viz</em>., <em>B. subtilis</em>, <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> and <em>P. fluorescens</em> each with 1 _˟ 10¹¹ CFU/ml <em>@</em> 5% concentration at 7 days interval significantly reduced the blister blight incidence with 53.53% &amp; 51.53% reduction over control and 51.53% &amp; 43.65% of reduction over initial during first and second year, respectively. The combined application also reduced the grey blight incidence with 53.53% &amp; 52.00% reduction over control and 56.81% &amp; 47.65% of reduction over initial during first and second year, respectively. This treatments with bioagents were almost comparable with synthetic treatments, such as copper oxy chloride (0.25%) and hexaconazole (0.25%) with 64.63% and 64.76% reduction of blister and grey blight reduction in first year; 59.74%, 51.11% reduction in second year over control (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), respectively. Thus, the application of <em>B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens</em> and <em>P. fluorescens</em> can be recommended for the sustainable management of tea blister and grey blight diseases in tea gardens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of resistance ratios and resistance mechanisms of Cydia pomonella (L.) (lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations collected from apple orchards in Isparta (Türkiye) against some insecticides","authors":"Mustafa Murat Yeşilırmak ,&nbsp;Bayram Çevik ,&nbsp;Recep Ay","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The codling moth, <em>Cydia pomonella</em> is an important pest that causes significant economic losses in apples and walnuts in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time in Türkiye, the resistance status and resistance mechanisms of codling moth, <em>Cydia pomonella</em> against indoxacarb, deltamethrin and emamectin benzoate. All apple orchard populations developed resistance ratios ranging from 3.38 to 22.37-fold to deltamethrin, 5.67–29.87-fold to indoxacarb and 1.46–3.05-fold to emamectin benzoate. The interaction of some synergists triphenyl phosphate (TPP), piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) with indoxacarb and deltamethrin was analyzed in the susceptible, MAREM and Tepeli populations with moderate resistance to indoxacarb and deltamethrin. While indoxacarb + TPP showed a significant synergistic effect only in MAREM population, a significant synergistic effect was observed with indoxacarb + TPP and indoxacarb + PBO in Tepeli population. The activities of detoxifying enzymes [esterase, glutathion –S– transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450)] studied by biochemical methods showed some variation depending on the population. The results of biochemical analyses showed that esterase and GST enzyme activities of all populations was between 0.51 and 0.94, 0.77 and1.29 mOD min⁻¹mg⁻¹ proteins, respectively. The P450 enzyme activities ranged from 0.53 to 0.78, RFU min⁻¹mg⁻¹ proteins. In addition, the L1014F knockdown mutation (CTT to TTT) corresponding to leucine to phenylalanine amino acid substitution of the voltage-gated sodium channel in <em>Cydia pomonella</em> was determined in MAREM and Tepeli populations. It was determined that while MAREM and Tepeli populations developed moderate resistance, the other populations developed a low level resistance to deltamethrin and indoxacarb. On the other hand, all populations developed a low level resistance to emamectin benzoate. The P450 and esterase enzyme activities were significantly higher in MAREM and Tepeli populations which were resistant to deltamethrin and indoxacarb than the susceptible population. In addition, a Kdr point mutation L1014F was detected in the deltamethrin resistant MAREM and Tepeli populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}