Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107536
Andrea Rilaković , Miloš Zarić , Vamsi Manthena , Ana M. Vélez Arango , Greg R. Kruger , Brian Krienke , Daran R. Rudnick , Julie A. Peterson
Western bean cutworm, Striacosta albicosta Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a significant pest in Midwestern U.S. corn (Zea mays L.) production. In Nebraska, foliar application of insecticides at the tasseling stage of corn is commonly performed via chemigation using overhead irrigation systems (center pivots). However, the efficacy of various chemigation practices for S. albicosta have not been well explored. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of chlorantraniliprole and bifenthrin, applied at both minimum and maximum label rates for bifenthrin (36.8 and 112.1 g a.i. ha−1) and chlorantraniliprole (52.7 and 75.1 g a.i. ha−1), using two application depths (6.35 mm and 19.05 mm). In 2021, chlorantraniliprole reduced ear feeding injury compared to bifenthrin 28 days after application (DAA). In 2022, no differences were observed between the two insecticides for the ear feeding injury. Throughout both field seasons, no S. albicosta larvae were found in plots treated with chlorantraniliprole during ear assessments at 28 DAA. This was not the case with bifenthrin, which provided moderate control. Application depths of the applied insecticides did not influence ear feeding injury.
Our results indicate that insecticide selection for S. albicosta management is more important than the depth of the application. Chlorantraniliprole provided superior larval control, supporting its use in chemigation-based management strategies for S. albicosta in corn.
西部豆蛾（Striacosta albicosta Smith）（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）是美国中西部玉米生产中的重要害虫。在内布拉斯加州，玉米抽雄期的叶面施用杀虫剂通常是通过使用架空灌溉系统（中心枢纽）进行化学灌溉。然而，各种化学处理方法对白色葡萄球菌的效果尚未得到很好的探讨。为评价氯虫腈和联苯菊酯的效果，开展了一项为期两年的实地研究，采用两种施药深度（6.35 mm和19.05 mm），分别以最小和最大标示剂量（36.8和112.1 g a.i. ha - 1）和氯虫腈（52.7和75.1 g a.i. ha - 1）施用联苯菊酯和联苯菊酯。2021年，与施用后28天的联苯菊酯（DAA）相比，氯虫腈减少了耳朵喂养损伤。2022年，两种杀虫剂对食耳损伤的防治效果无差异。在整个田间季节，在28 DAA的穗期评估中，氯虫腈处理的样地未发现白色葡萄球菌幼虫。联苯菊酯的情况并非如此，它提供了适度的控制。施用杀虫剂的深度对取食损伤无显著影响。结果表明，在白曲曲菌管理中，杀虫剂的选择比施用深度更重要。氯虫腈具有良好的幼虫控制效果，支持其在玉米白曲曲病菌化学防治策略中的应用。
{"title":"Chemigation efficacy of bifenthrin and chlorantraniliprole for Striacosta albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) management in corn under different irrigation depths","authors":"Andrea Rilaković , Miloš Zarić , Vamsi Manthena , Ana M. Vélez Arango , Greg R. Kruger , Brian Krienke , Daran R. Rudnick , Julie A. Peterson","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Western bean cutworm, <em>Striacosta albicosta</em> Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a significant pest in Midwestern U.S. corn (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) production. In Nebraska, foliar application of insecticides at the tasseling stage of corn is commonly performed via chemigation using overhead irrigation systems (center pivots). However, the efficacy of various chemigation practices for <em>S. albicosta</em> have not been well explored. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of chlorantraniliprole and bifenthrin, applied at both minimum and maximum label rates for bifenthrin (36.8 and 112.1 g a.i. ha<sup>−1</sup>) and chlorantraniliprole (52.7 and 75.1 g a.i. ha<sup>−1</sup>), using two application depths (6.35 mm and 19.05 mm). In 2021, chlorantraniliprole reduced ear feeding injury compared to bifenthrin 28 days after application (DAA). In 2022, no differences were observed between the two insecticides for the ear feeding injury. Throughout both field seasons, no <em>S. albicosta</em> larvae were found in plots treated with chlorantraniliprole during ear assessments at 28 DAA. This was not the case with bifenthrin, which provided moderate control. Application depths of the applied insecticides did not influence ear feeding injury.</div><div>Our results indicate that insecticide selection for <em>S. albicosta</em> management is more important than the depth of the application. Chlorantraniliprole provided superior larval control, supporting its use in chemigation-based management strategies for <em>S. albicosta</em> in corn.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107527
Shi-Qi Guo , Chada Norphanphoun , Fatimah Al-Otibi , Kevin D. Hyde , Juan Liu , Hong-Mei Liu , Wen-E Zhang , Yong Wang
Rhododendron is an important ornamental crop in Guizhou Province, China, where intensified cultivation has led to increasing disease problems. In this study, a leaf spot disease was investigated on Rhododendron in the Baili Forest Region. The disease initially appeared as brown, circular to irregular lesions, which gradually enlarged, turned dark brown, and developed lighter margins with visible signs of wilting and decay. Severe infection led to premature leaf death, thereby compromising plant vigor. Field surveys of 200 Rhododendron hybridum leaves revealed 66 symptomatic samples, corresponding to a disease incidence of 33 %, which has caused notable economic losses to local horticultural operations. Morphological examination, together with multi-gene phylogenetic analysis (ITS, tef1-α, and β-tubulin), identified the causal agent as Neopestalotiopsis maddoxii. Pathogenicity was confirmed by artificial inoculation, which reproduced typical symptoms and fulfilled Koch's postulates. This is the first report of N. maddoxii causing leaf spot on Rhododendron in Guizhou Province, providing a basis for future studies on its epidemiology and management.
{"title":"Leaf spot of Rhododendron hybridum caused by Neopestalotiopsis maddoxii in China","authors":"Shi-Qi Guo , Chada Norphanphoun , Fatimah Al-Otibi , Kevin D. Hyde , Juan Liu , Hong-Mei Liu , Wen-E Zhang , Yong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Rhododendron</em> is an important ornamental crop in Guizhou Province, China, where intensified cultivation has led to increasing disease problems. In this study, a leaf spot disease was investigated on <em>Rhododendron</em> in the Baili Forest Region. The disease initially appeared as brown, circular to irregular lesions, which gradually enlarged, turned dark brown, and developed lighter margins with visible signs of wilting and decay. Severe infection led to premature leaf death, thereby compromising plant vigor. Field surveys of 200 <em>Rhododendron hybridum</em> leaves revealed 66 symptomatic samples, corresponding to a disease incidence of 33 %, which has caused notable economic losses to local horticultural operations. Morphological examination, together with multi-gene phylogenetic analysis (ITS, <em>tef1-α</em>, and <em>β-tubulin</em>), identified the causal agent as <em>Neopestalotiopsis maddoxii</em>. Pathogenicity was confirmed by artificial inoculation, which reproduced typical symptoms and fulfilled Koch's postulates. This is the first report of <em>N. maddoxii</em> causing leaf spot on <em>Rhododendron</em> in Guizhou Province, providing a basis for future studies on its epidemiology and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145893700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107535
Fernando Semmelroth de Assunção e Amaral , Giovana Moraes de Souza , Rafael Brandão Garcia , Marcelo Pedreira de Miranda , Celso Omoto
In Brazil, control of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, primarily relies on insecticides. Recently, field failures in controlling D. citri with some insecticides have been reported. This study investigates the susceptibility of five field populations of D. citri from key citrus-producing areas in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, to the three most used insecticides (bifenthrin, imidacloprid, and malathion). Subsequently, to characterize resistance under laboratory conditions, resistant strains were selected from one of the least susceptible field populations of D. citri located in Tabatinga, São Paulo. To provide evidence of field-evolved resistance, the effectiveness of imidacloprid was tested through foliar spray and soil drench applications. Leaf-dip bioassays characterized susceptibility of D. citri to bifenthrin, imidacloprid, and malathion. Resistance ratios among field populations of D. citri ranged from 39.6- to 192.7-fold for bifenthrin, 22.2- to 271.2-fold for imidacloprid, and 6.6- to 37.1-fold for malathion, compared to a susceptible reference strain. Following six generations of laboratory selection pressure in a field population of D. citri, resistance ratios increased to 1037.3-fold for bifenthrin, 790.6-fold for imidacloprid, and 298.9-fold for malathion. Low efficacy of imidacloprid against field populations of D. citri was observed in both application methods. This is the first report of field-evolved resistance of D. citri to bifenthrin, imidacloprid, and malathion insecticides in the citrus belt of São Paulo State, Brazil. Therefore, the evolution of resistance might be one of the reasons for the increased population density of D. citri. This research will help implement Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) strategies for D. citri in Brazilian citrus groves.
{"title":"Field-evolved resistance of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) to insecticides in Brazil","authors":"Fernando Semmelroth de Assunção e Amaral , Giovana Moraes de Souza , Rafael Brandão Garcia , Marcelo Pedreira de Miranda , Celso Omoto","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Brazil, control of the Asian citrus psyllid, <em>Diaphorina citri</em>, primarily relies on insecticides. Recently, field failures in controlling <em>D. citri</em> with some insecticides have been reported. This study investigates the susceptibility of five field populations of <em>D. citri</em> from key citrus-producing areas in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, to the three most used insecticides (bifenthrin, imidacloprid, and malathion). Subsequently, to characterize resistance under laboratory conditions, resistant strains were selected from one of the least susceptible field populations of <em>D. citri</em> located in Tabatinga, São Paulo. To provide evidence of field-evolved resistance, the effectiveness of imidacloprid was tested through foliar spray and soil drench applications. Leaf-dip bioassays characterized susceptibility of <em>D. citri</em> to bifenthrin, imidacloprid, and malathion. Resistance ratios among field populations of <em>D. citri</em> ranged from 39.6- to 192.7-fold for bifenthrin, 22.2- to 271.2-fold for imidacloprid, and 6.6- to 37.1-fold for malathion, compared to a susceptible reference strain. Following six generations of laboratory selection pressure in a field population of <em>D. citri</em>, resistance ratios increased to 1037.3-fold for bifenthrin, 790.6-fold for imidacloprid, and 298.9-fold for malathion. Low efficacy of imidacloprid against field populations of <em>D. citri</em> was observed in both application methods. This is the first report of field-evolved resistance of <em>D. citri</em> to bifenthrin, imidacloprid, and malathion insecticides in the citrus belt of São Paulo State, Brazil. Therefore, the evolution of resistance might be one of the reasons for the increased population density of <em>D. citri</em>. This research will help implement Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) strategies for <em>D. citri</em> in Brazilian citrus groves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145893701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107533
Ali Kayahan , Betül Kayahan
This study examined the effects of three insecticides—Deltamethrin, Cypermethrin, and Chlorantraniliprole—at different doses (LC30, LC40, and LC50) on the demographic parameters of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae Sulzer, 1776 (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Populations of M. persicae reared on pepper plants (Capsicum sp.) were used in the experiments. The trials were conducted in a climate-controlled chamber (25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5 % RH, 16:8 h L:D photoperiod). Lethal concentrations of each insecticide were determined using probit analysis, and subsequent life table analyses were performed at LC30–LC50 levels using the age–stage, two-sex life table approach. Data were processed with TWOSEX-MSChart and TIMING-MSChart software, and statistical differences among treatments were assessed using the bootstrap method. Results showed that increasing insecticide concentrations significantly affected development, longevity, and fecundity traits of M. persicae. The longest nymphal and pre-adult development periods were observed at the LC50 level of Deltamethrin, while the shortest were recorded at LC30 of Chlorantraniliprole. Higher doses led to significant reductions in adult longevity, total lifespan, and reproductive potential. The lowest values of net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and the finite rate of increase (λ) were found in the Deltamethrin LC50 treatment, while the highest (excluding control) occurred under Chlorantraniliprole LC30. Age–stage survival rate (sxj) and life expectancy (exj) also decreased with insecticide exposure, with marked population reductions observed at higher concentrations. Overall, the results indicate that pyrethroid insecticides—particularly Deltamethrin and Cypermethrin—impede the population growth of M. persicae by prolonging development, reducing fecundity, and shortening lifespan. Considering low lethal effects, Chlorantraniliprole exhibited milder adverse effects at low doses. These findings highlight the importance of considering sublethal effects on population dynamics when designing sustainable and environmentally sound integrated pest management (IPM) programs.
研究了溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯和氯虫腈3种杀虫剂不同剂量（LC30、LC40和LC50）对桃蚜种群参数的影响（半翅目：蚜科）。实验采用在辣椒植株上饲养的桃蚜种群。试验在气候控制室（25±1°C, 60±5% RH， 16:8 h L:D光周期）中进行。采用概率分析法确定每种杀虫剂的致死浓度，随后采用年龄阶段、两性生命表法进行LC30-LC50水平的生命表分析。采用TWOSEX-MSChart和TIMING-MSChart软件对数据进行处理，采用自举法评估处理间的统计学差异。结果表明，增加杀虫剂浓度对桃蚜的发育、寿命和繁殖力性状有显著影响。溴氰菊酯LC50时，若虫和成虫前期发育时间最长，氯虫腈LC30时，若虫和成虫前期发育时间最短。较高的剂量导致成人寿命、总寿命和生殖潜力显著降低。净繁殖率（R0）、内在增长率(r)和有限增长率（λ）均以溴氰菊酯LC50处理最低，氯虫腈LC30处理最高（不含对照）。年龄阶段存活率（sxj）和预期寿命（exj）也随着杀虫剂的暴露而下降，在杀虫剂浓度较高时观察到明显的种群减少。综上所述，拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂（特别是溴氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯）通过延长桃蚜种群发育、降低繁殖力、缩短寿命等方式抑制桃蚜种群的增长。考虑到低致死效应，氯虫腈在低剂量下表现出较轻的不良反应。这些发现强调了在设计可持续和无害环境的害虫综合治理（IPM）方案时考虑种群动态的亚致死效应的重要性。
{"title":"Impact of deltamethrin, cypermethrin, and chlorantraniliprole on the life table traits and demographic parameters of Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)","authors":"Ali Kayahan , Betül Kayahan","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the effects of three insecticides—Deltamethrin, Cypermethrin, and Chlorantraniliprole—at different doses (LC<sub>30</sub>, LC<sub>40</sub>, and LC<sub>50</sub>) on the demographic parameters of the green peach aphid <em>Myzus persicae</em> Sulzer, 1776 (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Populations of <em>M. persicae</em> reared on pepper plants (<em>Capsicum</em> sp.) were used in the experiments. The trials were conducted in a climate-controlled chamber (25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5 % RH, 16:8 h L:D photoperiod). Lethal concentrations of each insecticide were determined using probit analysis, and subsequent life table analyses were performed at LC<sub>30</sub>–LC<sub>50</sub> levels using the age–stage, two-sex life table approach. Data were processed with TWOSEX-MSChart and TIMING-MSChart software, and statistical differences among treatments were assessed using the bootstrap method. Results showed that increasing insecticide concentrations significantly affected development, longevity, and fecundity traits of <em>M. persicae</em>. The longest nymphal and pre-adult development periods were observed at the LC<sub>50</sub> level of Deltamethrin, while the shortest were recorded at LC<sub>30</sub> of Chlorantraniliprole. Higher doses led to significant reductions in adult longevity, total lifespan, and reproductive potential. The lowest values of net reproductive rate (<em>R</em><sub><em>0</em></sub>), intrinsic rate of increase (<em>r</em>), and the finite rate of increase (<em>λ</em>) were found in the Deltamethrin LC<sub>50</sub> treatment, while the highest (excluding control) occurred under Chlorantraniliprole LC<sub>30</sub>. Age–stage survival rate (<em>s</em><sub><em>xj</em></sub>) and life expectancy (<em>e</em><sub><em>xj</em></sub>) also decreased with insecticide exposure, with marked population reductions observed at higher concentrations. Overall, the results indicate that pyrethroid insecticides—particularly Deltamethrin and Cypermethrin—impede the population growth of <em>M. persicae</em> by prolonging development, reducing fecundity, and shortening lifespan. Considering low lethal effects, Chlorantraniliprole exhibited milder adverse effects at low doses. These findings highlight the importance of considering sublethal effects on population dynamics when designing sustainable and environmentally sound integrated pest management (IPM) programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145893702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107534
Pedaveeti Suma , D.N. Kambrekar , P.U. Krishnaraj , Y.P. Arun , V. Naveen , P. Harikrishnan , Suresh R. Jambagi
Lepidopteran pests such as Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera litura, and Spodoptera frugiperda cause severe yield losses worldwide, and their management is increasingly constrained by resistance development and environmental concerns associated with synthetic insecticides. Actinobacteria, particularly Streptomyces spp., are prolific producers of bioactive metabolites, many of which exhibit insecticidal properties. In this study, three actinobacterial isolates—Streptomyces hyderabadiensis, S. racemochromogenes, and S. xiaminensis were characterized for their insecticidal activity against second instar larvae of the above pests under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Bioassays demonstrated significant larval mortality, ranging from 58 %to 68 % at 48 h post-treatment to 75 %−81 % at 72–96 h, with efficacy comparable to the reference insecticide (spinosad). Molecular identification based on 16S rDNA sequencing confirmed the identity of the isolates with 98–99 % similarity to reference strains. LC-MS analysis identified diverse insecticidal metabolites, including linoleic acid, farnesyl acetate, coumaroyl tyramine, huperzine A, delsemine A, 9-octadecenamide, and organophosphate esters, which act through multiple mechanisms such as acetylcholinesterase inhibition, juvenile hormone agonism, and disruption of cuticular and respiratory functions. All the tested actinobacterial strains showed equal efficacy across all three insect pests tested. These findings highlight the potential of actinobacterial metabolites as eco-friendly alternatives for lepidopteran pest management. Further exploration of their formulation and field applicability could contribute to the development of sustainable microbial biopesticides.
{"title":"Biochemical characterization of actinobacterial metabolites and their potential application in the management of selected lepidopteran pests","authors":"Pedaveeti Suma , D.N. Kambrekar , P.U. Krishnaraj , Y.P. Arun , V. Naveen , P. Harikrishnan , Suresh R. Jambagi","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lepidopteran pests such as <em>Plutella xylostella</em>, <em>Spodoptera litura</em>, and <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> cause severe yield losses worldwide, and their management is increasingly constrained by resistance development and environmental concerns associated with synthetic insecticides. Actinobacteria, particularly <em>Streptomyces</em> spp., are prolific producers of bioactive metabolites, many of which exhibit insecticidal properties. In this study, three actinobacterial isolates—<em>Streptomyces hyderabadiensis</em>, <em>S. racemochromogenes</em>, and <em>S. xiaminensis</em> were characterized for their insecticidal activity against second instar larvae of the above pests under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Bioassays demonstrated significant larval mortality, ranging from 58 %to 68 % at 48 h post-treatment to 75 %−81 % at 72–96 h, with efficacy comparable to the reference insecticide (spinosad). Molecular identification based on 16S rDNA sequencing confirmed the identity of the isolates with 98–99 % similarity to reference strains. LC-MS analysis identified diverse insecticidal metabolites, including linoleic acid, farnesyl acetate, coumaroyl tyramine, huperzine A, delsemine A, 9-octadecenamide, and organophosphate esters, which act through multiple mechanisms such as acetylcholinesterase inhibition, juvenile hormone agonism, and disruption of cuticular and respiratory functions. All the tested actinobacterial strains showed equal efficacy across all three insect pests tested. These findings highlight the potential of actinobacterial metabolites as eco-friendly alternatives for lepidopteran pest management. Further exploration of their formulation and field applicability could contribute to the development of sustainable microbial biopesticides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107529
Luciani Cecilia Elizabeth , Celli Marcos Giovani , Brugo Carivali María Florencia , Bongiorno Vanina Aylen , Conci Luis Rogelio , Fernandez Franco Daniel , Perotto María Cecilia
Fodder beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) is cultivated due its tolerance to low temperatures and poor soils as it improves the structure of forage production systems. Viral diseases represent a significant threat to beet production. Beet mosaic virus (BtMV) is the only confirmed potyvirus infecting beets. Between 2023 and 2024, plants showing virus-like symptoms from Argentinian main production area were surveyed. Transmission electron microscopy revealed flexuous filamentous particles consistent with BtMV. Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing of one sample yielded the complete BtMV genome (B12AR; 9451 nt, excluding the poly (A) tail), sharing 97.47 % amino acid identity with the BtMV-Wa isolate from the USA. Additionally, sequences of Beet cryptic virus 2, a Deltapartitivirus, were detected. RT-PCR confirmed BtMV infection in four of seven samples collected. These results would indicate the presence of other viruses not identified in this study. Phylogenetic analysis grouped B12AR within a clade with isolates from USA and China, distinct from a divergent lineage infecting wild beets. A recombination event involving P1 and HC-Pro regions, with parental sequences from the USA and South Africa was detected. Further studies are necessary to determine the etiology of fodder beet symptoms. This is the first report and complete genome sequence of BtMV infecting fodder beet in Argentina.
{"title":"Detection and genome characterization of beet mosaic virus naturally infecting fodder beet crop in Argentina","authors":"Luciani Cecilia Elizabeth , Celli Marcos Giovani , Brugo Carivali María Florencia , Bongiorno Vanina Aylen , Conci Luis Rogelio , Fernandez Franco Daniel , Perotto María Cecilia","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fodder beet (<em>Beta vulgaris</em> subsp. <em>vulgaris</em>) is cultivated due its tolerance to low temperatures and poor soils as it improves the structure of forage production systems. Viral diseases represent a significant threat to beet production. <em>Beet mosaic virus</em> (BtMV) is the only confirmed potyvirus infecting beets. Between 2023 and 2024, plants showing virus-like symptoms from Argentinian main production area were surveyed. Transmission electron microscopy revealed flexuous filamentous particles consistent with BtMV. Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing of one sample yielded the complete BtMV genome (B12AR; 9451 nt, excluding the poly (A) tail), sharing 97.47 % amino acid identity with the BtMV-Wa isolate from the USA. Additionally, sequences of Beet cryptic virus 2, a <em>Deltapartitivirus</em>, were detected. RT-PCR confirmed BtMV infection in four of seven samples collected. These results would indicate the presence of other viruses not identified in this study. Phylogenetic analysis grouped B12AR within a clade with isolates from USA and China, distinct from a divergent lineage infecting wild beets. A recombination event involving P1 and HC-Pro regions, with parental sequences from the USA and South Africa was detected. Further studies are necessary to determine the etiology of fodder beet symptoms. This is the first report and complete genome sequence of BtMV infecting fodder beet in Argentina.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145823002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107532
Weixiang Yao , Hao Yan , Yu Chang , Ziqi Yu , Boli Xing , Chunling Chen , Pengchao Chen
As a novel pesticide application platform, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) demonstrate a remarkable ability to overcome terrain-related constraints. However, their application effectiveness requires further optimization for improved performance. Based on the evaluation of spraying performance for two typical plant protection UAVs, this study presents, for the first time, a field evaluation of droplet deposition through the pre-wetting application method in mountain Nanguo pear orchards. Compared to conventional centrifugal nozzles, misting centrifugal nozzles exhibit superior performance in terms of droplet coverage and droplet density, with increases of 121.36 % and 393.53 %, respectively. The leaf inclination angle has a certain effect on UAV spraying performance, particularly when the inclination angle is positive, where a significant enhancement in deposition is observed (P = 0.04 < 0.05). Pre-wetting application methods with varying pre-wetting amounts showed considerable differences in enhancing UAV spraying performance. The study found that the most marked enhancement in deposition in the mid-canopy layer occurred at a pre-wetting amount of 600 L/ha, with a 39.4 % improvement. For aerial spraying operations on mountain orchard trees such as Nanguo pear, applying an appropriate pre-wetting volume can enhance UAV droplet deposition effectiveness. Moreover, when conducting UAV spraying experiments in orchards, it is advisable to consider the influence of leaf inclination angles when placing samplers and collecting leaf samples.
{"title":"Evaluation of droplet deposition effects of pre-wetting application by UAVs in mountain Nanguo pear orchards","authors":"Weixiang Yao , Hao Yan , Yu Chang , Ziqi Yu , Boli Xing , Chunling Chen , Pengchao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a novel pesticide application platform, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) demonstrate a remarkable ability to overcome terrain-related constraints. However, their application effectiveness requires further optimization for improved performance. Based on the evaluation of spraying performance for two typical plant protection UAVs, this study presents, for the first time, a field evaluation of droplet deposition through the pre-wetting application method in mountain Nanguo pear orchards. Compared to conventional centrifugal nozzles, misting centrifugal nozzles exhibit superior performance in terms of droplet coverage and droplet density, with increases of 121.36 % and 393.53 %, respectively. The leaf inclination angle has a certain effect on UAV spraying performance, particularly when the inclination angle is positive, where a significant enhancement in deposition is observed (<em>P</em> = 0.04 < 0.05). Pre-wetting application methods with varying pre-wetting amounts showed considerable differences in enhancing UAV spraying performance. The study found that the most marked enhancement in deposition in the mid-canopy layer occurred at a pre-wetting amount of 600 L/ha, with a 39.4 % improvement. For aerial spraying operations on mountain orchard trees such as Nanguo pear, applying an appropriate pre-wetting volume can enhance UAV droplet deposition effectiveness. Moreover, when conducting UAV spraying experiments in orchards, it is advisable to consider the influence of leaf inclination angles when placing samplers and collecting leaf samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145823000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107531
Getachew Gudero Mengasha , Keyredin S. Salo , Ashenafi Kassaye , Habtamu Terefe , Zemenu Fentahun , Meseret T. Suure , Tessema Tesfaye Atumo
Tomato is among the most important vegetable crops. Phthorimaea absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) significantly challenges tomato productivity worldwide, and insecticidal control remains the main tactic for its management. Survey studies are essential for identifying key field constraints and suggesting eco-friendly and viable pest management measures. Field surveys were conducted in five districts of southern Ethiopia from 2016 to 2020 to determine P. absoluta distributions, intensity, seasonal fluctuations, and their associations with crop management and environmental conditions. The study utilized a multistage random sampling strategy for data collection and employed binary logistic regression for data analysis. Results showed field infestation due to P. absoluta time-to-time increased across districts and years, but field infestation and population numbers fluctuated across seasons within the year. Studies found a high prevalence (97.86 %) of P. absoluta, as well as varied levels of damage and population numbers. The highest (44.34 %) leaf damage was recorded from Mihirab Abaya, while Demba Gofa exhibited the lowest leaf damage (21.34 %). In the model, production seasons, tillage, earthing up, fertilization, growth stage, preceding crop, insecticide spray, residue management, and weed status were significantly (P < 0.001) associated with high leaf damage (>33 %). Off-season tomato cultivation with inadequate tillage and earthing-up, fertilization, ripening stage, rotation with host crop, two-time spray, poor residue management, and high weed status had significant relationships with high (>33 %) leaf damage. In conclusion, P. absoluta was a destructive pest year-after-year, highly distributed, and its field spread and population dynamics were significantly influenced by key biophysical factors. Overall findings indicated that proper cultural practices, combined with insecticide spray, can reduce the effect of P. absoluta and, more importantly, suggest the need for developing effective and feasible integrated strategies to reduce insecticide dependence among growers and create safe environments.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics and drivers of Phthorimaea absoluta infestation in tomatoes: Inferences for identifying measures to enhance components of integrated pest management strategies","authors":"Getachew Gudero Mengasha , Keyredin S. Salo , Ashenafi Kassaye , Habtamu Terefe , Zemenu Fentahun , Meseret T. Suure , Tessema Tesfaye Atumo","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tomato is among the most important vegetable crops. <em>Phthorimaea absoluta</em> Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) significantly challenges tomato productivity worldwide, and insecticidal control remains the main tactic for its management. Survey studies are essential for identifying key field constraints and suggesting eco-friendly and viable pest management measures. Field surveys were conducted in five districts of southern Ethiopia from 2016 to 2020 to determine <em>P. absoluta</em> distributions, intensity, seasonal fluctuations, and their associations with crop management and environmental conditions. The study utilized a multistage random sampling strategy for data collection and employed binary logistic regression for data analysis. Results showed field infestation due to <em>P. absoluta</em> time-to-time increased across districts and years, but field infestation and population numbers fluctuated across seasons within the year. Studies found a high prevalence (97.86 %) of <em>P. absoluta</em>, as well as varied levels of damage and population numbers. The highest (44.34 %) leaf damage was recorded from Mihirab Abaya, while Demba Gofa exhibited the lowest leaf damage (21.34 %). In the model, production seasons, tillage, earthing up, fertilization, growth stage, preceding crop, insecticide spray, residue management, and weed status were significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.001) associated with high leaf damage (>33 %). Off-season tomato cultivation with inadequate tillage and earthing-up, fertilization, ripening stage, rotation with host crop, two-time spray, poor residue management, and high weed status had significant relationships with high (>33 %) leaf damage. In conclusion, <em>P. absoluta</em> was a destructive pest year-after-year, highly distributed, and its field spread and population dynamics were significantly influenced by key biophysical factors. Overall findings indicated that proper cultural practices, combined with insecticide spray, can reduce the effect of <em>P. absoluta</em> and, more importantly, suggest the need for developing effective and feasible integrated strategies to reduce insecticide dependence among growers and create safe environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145823001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107530
Eleanor L. Meys , Samantha A. Willden , Laura L. Ingwell , Garima Kohli , Kacie J. Athey
High tunnels are a unique hybrid system of open field and greenhouse agriculture. As a result, pest dynamics and appropriate control methods differ from non-high tunnel environments. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current peer-reviewed research regarding arthropod pests and pest management techniques in high tunnels. We examine how pest populations compare between high tunnels and other forms of crop production and discuss how high tunnel conditions, such as seasonality and tunnel material, affect arthropod behavior. We look at the current knowledge of integrated pest management (IPM) practices in high tunnels, including monitoring methods, economic thresholds, cultural control, biological control, and chemical control. Research on monitoring methods and economic thresholds in high tunnels is limited. Current cultural control methods primarily include using banker plants and companion plants to attract natural enemies and insect exclusion netting to prevent the entrance of insect pests. Companion planting of cut flowers and wildflowers encourage natural enemy residence, but the efficacy of banker plants and exclusion netting is mixed. Biological control in high tunnels can be successful in managing common pests, such as Tetranychus urticae, Frankliniella occidentalis, and Bemisia tabaci; however, extreme temperatures in high tunnels can limit the efficacy of natural enemies. Chemical control research shows that pesticides are often needed in high tunnels due to high pest pressure and have a slower degradation rate in high tunnels than in open field agriculture. Ultimately, considerably more research is needed on potential IPM for arthropod control that would fit growers' needs.
{"title":"A review of integrated pest management practices in high tunnel specialty crop production","authors":"Eleanor L. Meys , Samantha A. Willden , Laura L. Ingwell , Garima Kohli , Kacie J. Athey","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High tunnels are a unique hybrid system of open field and greenhouse agriculture. As a result, pest dynamics and appropriate control methods differ from non-high tunnel environments. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current peer-reviewed research regarding arthropod pests and pest management techniques in high tunnels. We examine how pest populations compare between high tunnels and other forms of crop production and discuss how high tunnel conditions, such as seasonality and tunnel material, affect arthropod behavior. We look at the current knowledge of integrated pest management (IPM) practices in high tunnels, including monitoring methods, economic thresholds, cultural control, biological control, and chemical control. Research on monitoring methods and economic thresholds in high tunnels is limited. Current cultural control methods primarily include using banker plants and companion plants to attract natural enemies and insect exclusion netting to prevent the entrance of insect pests. Companion planting of cut flowers and wildflowers encourage natural enemy residence, but the efficacy of banker plants and exclusion netting is mixed. Biological control in high tunnels can be successful in managing common pests, such as <em>Tetranychus urticae, Frankliniella occidentalis,</em> and <em>Bemisia tabaci</em>; however, extreme temperatures in high tunnels can limit the efficacy of natural enemies. Chemical control research shows that pesticides are often needed in high tunnels due to high pest pressure and have a slower degradation rate in high tunnels than in open field agriculture. Ultimately, considerably more research is needed on potential IPM for arthropod control that would fit growers' needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145813927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107528
Yu-kun Qi , Wen-zhang Liu , Feng-ying Han , Wen-cheng Zhu , Shi-jun Sun , Qing-hai Wang , Ling-xi Zhou
Anthracnose, caused by different species of Colletotrichum, is a common and severe disease of fruits. Fig (Ficus carica L.) is widely cultivated worldwide, including in China, for its nutritional and economic value. In October 2022, a disease characterized by severe anthracnose-like leaf spots was observed on fig leaves in a plantation area located in the Penglai District of Yantai City, Shandong Province, China. To confirm the causal agent associated with fig anthracnose disease, we performed identification of the fungal organism isolated from the lesions on leaves with typical symptoms. The fungal isolate was identified as C. aenigma based on morphological characteristics, multi-gene phylogenetic analysis and pathogenicity tests. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. aenigma causing anthracnose on fig in China and the world. This finding provides a basis for further research on fig anthracnose disease management and control strategies.
{"title":"Colletotrichum aenigma causes anthracnose disease of Ficus carica L. in China","authors":"Yu-kun Qi , Wen-zhang Liu , Feng-ying Han , Wen-cheng Zhu , Shi-jun Sun , Qing-hai Wang , Ling-xi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthracnose, caused by different species of <em>Colletotrichum</em>, is a common and severe disease of fruits. Fig (<em>Ficus carica</em> L.) is widely cultivated worldwide, including in China, for its nutritional and economic value. In October 2022, a disease characterized by severe anthracnose-like leaf spots was observed on fig leaves in a plantation area located in the Penglai District of Yantai City, Shandong Province, China. To confirm the causal agent associated with fig anthracnose disease, we performed identification of the fungal organism isolated from the lesions on leaves with typical symptoms. The fungal isolate was identified as <em>C</em>. <em>aenigma</em> based on morphological characteristics, multi-gene phylogenetic analysis and pathogenicity tests. To our knowledge, this is the first report of <em>C. aenigma</em> causing anthracnose on fig in China and the world. This finding provides a basis for further research on fig anthracnose disease management and control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145813941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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