Crop Protection最新文献_第5页

Site-specific mechanical weed management in maize (Zea mays) in North-West Germany

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107123

Tobias Reuter , Konstantin Nahrstedt , Lucas Wittstruck , Thomas Jarmer , Gabriele Broll , Dieter Trautz

Weeds are the major biotic source of yield losses with an average of 19–51 % yield decrease. Beside this negative effect, they are a food source and habitat for insects and reduce the risk of soil erosion. Due to the heterogeneous soil conditions within a field, the distribution of weeds is uneven and therefore a uniform regulation is not always necessary. Additionally, mechanical weeding can lead to crop injuries and decreases soil quality. Site-specific weed management can reduce the drawbacks of weeding regulation. Precision application of herbicides is well known and practiced, however for mechanical weeding this is not the case. Site-specific mechanical weeding was tested in a maize (Zea mays L.) trial in the northwest of Germany in 2021 and 2022. In this research, multispectral images from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) were used to detect weeds with an overall accuracy between 85 and 92 %. These images were used to generate application maps. Two weed control thresholds, based on the weed cover (WC) and relative weed cover (RWC) with three threshold levels each were compared with uniform weeding. In 2021, higher maize yields (1879 g m⁻² to 533 g m⁻²) and lower weed biomass (1151 g m⁻² to 731 g m⁻²) were observed due to higher precipitation than in 2022. The different treatments did differ neither in maize yield nor in weed biomass. However, significantly less area was hoed in the site-specific treatments (−58 %), especially the treatments based on the RWC (−83 %). This study shows the potential of site-specific mechanical weed management and the RWC as weed control thresholds to promote biodiversity and reduce negative effect of weeding.

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引用次数: 0

A new training strategy: Coordinating distillation techniques for training lightweight weed detection model

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107124

Peng Zhou , Yangxin Zhu , Chengqian Jin , Yixiang Gu , Yinuo Kong , Yazhou Ou , Xiang Yin , Shanshan Hao

The excessive use of herbicides and the continuous growth of weeds pose a severe threat to agricultural production while also presenting potential environmental and public health risks. Site-Specific Weed Management effectively addresses this issue but relies heavily on real-time and accurate weed detection algorithms. This study innovatively proposed a new training strategy (TASA) to develop a lightweight weed detection algorithm based on YOLOv5. The heart of TASA's innovation was to alleviate information conflicts among multiple distillation techniques and between distillation techniques and student models and to stop distillation at the appropriate time. We used channel pruning technology to compress the model volume and introduced Knowledge Distillation (KD) during fine-tuning to recover the model performance maximally. Concurrently, TASA was used to coordinate multiple distillation techniques to assist in recovering the model training. The experimental results indicated that the volume of the Optimized YOLOv5s was reduced by 79.2% compared to the YOLOv5s, while the mean Average Precision (mAP) and F1-score (F₁) reached 97.4% and 95.1%, respectively, with only decreased by 1.2% and 1.5%. Additionally, the detection speed on the CPU increased by 86.64%, reaching 38.423 frames per second (FPS). Meanwhile, we had also developed an online detection system based on PyQt5 and deployed it on Raspberry Pi. The system detected weeds in real-time, achieving a mAP of 96.3% and an FPS of 25.521 when the input image resolution was 416 × 416.

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引用次数: 0

Tea leaf disease recognition using attention convolutional neural network and handcrafted features 基于注意卷积神经网络和手工特征的茶叶病害识别

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107118

Peng Wu , Jinlan Liu , Mingfu Jiang , Li Zhang , Shining Ding , Kewang Zhang

The diseases of tea leaves have a significant impact on their quality and yield, making the rapid identification of leaf diseases in tea crucial for prevention and control. We propose an LBPAttNet model, incorporating a lightweight coordinate attention mechanism into ResNet18 to enhance disease localization and reduce background interference. Furthermore, we employ the local binary patterns (LBP) algorithm to further extract local structural and textural features of tea leaf diseases, and integrate deep features to obtain a more comprehensive feature representation. Additionally, we utilize the focal loss function to alleviate the issues of class imbalance and varying difficulty levels in tea leaf disease, thereby further enhancing the accuracy of tea disease recognition. Our model achieves an accuracy of 92.78% and 98.13% on two publicly available tea disease datasets, surpassing ResNet18 by 3.84% and 2.59% respectively. Compared to traditional algorithms such as AlexNet, GoogleNet, MobileNet, VGG16, and other tea disease recognition algorithms, our model also shows significant improvements. These results highlight the superior performance and robustness of our model.

茶叶病害对茶叶品质和产量有重大影响，因此茶叶病害的快速鉴定对防治至关重要。我们提出了一个LBPAttNet模型，在ResNet18中加入轻量级的坐标注意机制，以增强疾病定位和减少背景干扰。在此基础上，采用局部二值模式（LBP）算法进一步提取茶叶病害的局部结构和纹理特征，并整合深层特征，得到更全面的特征表示。此外，我们利用焦点损失函数缓解了茶叶病害分类不平衡和难度等级不同的问题，从而进一步提高了茶叶病害识别的准确性。我们的模型在两个公开的茶病数据集上实现了92.78%和98.13%的准确率，分别超过ResNet18 3.84%和2.59%。与传统的AlexNet、GoogleNet、MobileNet、VGG16等茶病识别算法相比，我们的模型也有明显的改进。这些结果突出了我们模型的优越性能和鲁棒性。

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引用次数: 0

Acaricidal activity and efficacy of oxymatrine-based biopesticide against peanut red spider mite 氧化苦参碱类生物农药对花生红蜘蛛螨的杀螨活性及药效研究

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107121

Odimar Zanuzo Zanardi , Felipe Belegante , Camila Moresco , Tiago Miqueloto , Mateus Tramontin , Aquidauana Miqueloto Zanardi

The acaricidal activity and efficacy of oxymatrine-based commercial biopesticide on the peanut red spider mite Tetranychus ogmophallos Ferreira and Flechtmann, 1997 were assessed under laboratory, semi-field, and field conditions. In the laboratory, the oxymatrine-based biopesticide provided high acute toxicity for T. ogmophallos larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs, and adult females, in a manner dependent on the concentration, developmental stage, and exposure time of mites to residues. Among the mite developmental stages, T. ogmophallos larvae were more susceptible to the biopesticide than adult females. The biopesticide also reduced fecundity and fertility, induced a low ovicidal effect, and provided a high repellent activity against T. ogmophallos. In semi-field, the biopesticide showed a short biological persistence [mortality >80% up to 1 day after spraying (DAS)] compared to the synthetic acaricide fenpropathrin (mortality >80% up to 3 DAS). At 7 and 10 DAS, no significant mite mortality was observed on peanut plants treated with biopesticide compared to the control. However, the synthetic acaricide fenpropathrin caused mortality greater than 40% up to 10 DAS. In the field, the biopesticide showed high effectiveness in controlling the mite population, with a similar efficacy to the synthetic acaricide fenpropathrin. Therefore, the oxymatrine-based biopesticide constitutes an important management tool to be used in rotation with synthetic acaricides for population suppression of T. ogmophallos in conventional peanut crops or as an effective measure for controlling peanut red spider mite in organic peanut crops.

在室内、半田间和田间条件下，评价了氧化苦素类商品生物农药对1997年花生赤蜘蛛螨的杀螨活性和杀螨效果。在实验室中，以氧化苦藤碱为基础的生物农药对臭毛螨幼虫、原幼螨、双染螨和成年雌螨具有较高的急性毒性，其毒性程度取决于螨虫的浓度、发育阶段和暴露于残留物的时间。在不同发育阶段，异色螨幼虫对生物农药的敏感性高于成虫。该生物农药还能降低昆虫的繁殖力和育性，诱导较低的杀卵效果，并具有较高的驱避活性。在半田间试验中，与合成杀螨剂甲氰菊酯相比，该生物农药具有较短的生物持久性[在喷洒后1天内死亡率为80%](DAS)，在喷洒后3天内死亡率为80%)。在7和10 DAS时，与对照相比，施用生物农药的花生植株上未观察到明显的螨虫死亡率。然而，合成杀螨剂甲氰菊酯的死亡率高达40%至10das。在田间试验中，生物农药对螨的控制效果较好，与合成杀螨剂甲氰菊酯的控制效果相当。因此，氧化苦参碱类生物农药可与合成杀螨剂轮作使用，作为常规花生作物中抑虫或有机花生作物中防治花生红蜘蛛螨的有效措施。

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引用次数: 0

Papaya latex and papain as promising solutions for the management of Meloidogyne javanica associated with tomato plants

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107122

Letícia L. de Paula , Vicente P. Campos , Willian C. Terra , Daniele de Brum , Paulo V.M. Pacheco , Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares

Nematodes from the Meloidogyne genus present a major challenge to agricultural progress, requiring control methods that are environmentally safe and human friendly. This study assessed the nematicidal effects of papaya latex and papain, both in vitro and in vivo, on tomato plants, targeting second-stage juveniles (J2s) and eggs of Meloidogyne javanica. The results demonstrated that papaya latex effectively increased J2 mortality, reaching 100% at the highest concentration (1%). In contrast, papain resulted in a maximum J2 mortality of 72% at its highest concentration (3.5%). Additionally, papaya latex consistently inhibited egg hatching, with an average reduction of 45% in the first experiment and reductions of 39% and 61.9% in the second experiment at concentrations of 1.5% and 3%, respectively. Similarly, papain suppressed egg hatching at all concentrations, leading to an average reduction of 44% in the first experiment and 55% in the second. In the first replication of the in vivo experiment with tomato plants, the highest concentration of papaya latex (4%) reduced M. javanica infectivity by 68% and reproduction by 89%. In the second experiment, this concentration reduced infectivity by 70% and reproduction by 80%. For papain, infectivity was reduced by 55% in the first experiment and 40% in the second. While reproduction did not differ significantly between treatments and the control in the first experiment, it decreased by 30% in the second. Further experiments showed that both papaya latex and papain effectively activated the plant defense system in tomato. Overall, these findings add to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of natural compounds for sustainable nematode management.

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引用次数: 0

First report of Pestalotiopsis clavata, P. chamaeropis and P. lushanensis causing shoot blight on Cedrus deodara in China clavata拟盘多毛孢、chamaeropis拟盘多毛孢和芦山拟盘多毛孢在中国引起雪松梢枯病的首次报道

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107119

Lin Rui , Wei-Liang Kong , Jian-Ren Ye , Xiao-Qin Wu

Cedrus deodara, a tree species native to the slopes of the Himalayas, has been widely cultivated for timber and ornamental purpose in China. In September 2024, blight shoots of C. deodara were commonly noticed in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China, with an incidence rate of 67%. This disease reduces not only the growth but also the ornamental and economic value of affected C. deodara. Disease symptoms displayed as yellow brown and easily detached needles, even causing entire young shoots become dry and withered. To determine this leaf spot disease, morphological identification, multi-locus sequence analyses and pathogenicity test were performed. The results showed that the pathogens were Pestalotiopsis clavata, P. chamaeropis and P. lushanensis and this is the first report of the three species causing shoot blight on C. deodara in China. This study contributes to identify and control shoot blight on C. deodara, providing reference basis.

雪松（cedus deodara）是一种原产于喜马拉雅山脉山坡的树种，在中国被广泛种植，用于木材和观赏用途。2024年9月，中国江苏省南京市常见病发白僵苗，发病率为67%。此病不仅降低了受影响的木蠹的生长，而且降低了其观赏价值和经济价值。疾病症状表现为黄褐色和容易脱落的针叶，甚至导致整个幼芽变得干燥和枯萎。通过形态学鉴定、多位点序列分析和致病性试验确定了该叶斑病。结果表明，三种病原菌分别为克拉瓦拟盘多毛孢、chamaeropis拟盘多毛孢和芦山拟盘多毛孢，这是国内首次报道的三种病原菌。本研究可为白僵菌的鉴定和防治提供参考依据。

引用次数: 0

Hybrid architecture for crop detection and leaf disease detection with improved U-Net segmentation model and image processing

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107117

Pramod Chavan , Pratibha Pramod Chavan , Anupama Chavan

Agriculture stands as a cornerstone of India's economy, supporting the livelihoods of millions and feeding a vast population. Enhancing crop production is imperative, given the substantial portion of land dedicated to agriculture. However, the multifaceted nature of farming, influenced by variables like soil composition, climate, and diseases, poses significant challenges. Embracing technological advancements is pivotal to augmenting crop yields and ensuring sustainable agricultural practices. This study introduces an innovative hybrid architecture that addresses significant challenges in agriculture by identifying leaf diseases and detecting crops using deep learning and sophisticated image-processing techniques. Here, the proposed model comprises two phases namely, Crop Prediction and Leaf Disease Identification. To improve its suitability for analysis, the input image is first preprocessed. An improved U-Net segmentation algorithm has been employed to identify areas of interest in the image. Features pertinent to shape, color, and texture, including an enhanced Local Gabor XOR pattern (LGXP), are then extracted to capture comprehensive information about the crops and potential diseases. The core of our approach lies in a hybrid architecture, integrating elements of Improved Linknet and LeNet architectures. This model first determines the kind of crop in the image by using features that have been extracted. In the following step, deep features and statistical characteristics extracted from the segmented image are used to identify numerous prevalent diseases affecting the foliage. Implemented in Python, our approach is rigorously evaluated against conventional models, showcasing superior performance across various metrics. Consequently, the model has achieved a higher detection accuracy of 0.982 and the F-measure of about 0.956, indicating that the model operates better and identifies the leaf disease more successfully than other existing techniques. This research endeavours to empower farmers with actionable insights, fostering smarter agricultural practices and contributing to food security and economic prosperity.

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引用次数: 0

Cyantraniliprole-induced intergenerational sublethal effects on fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda 氰氨酰胺诱导的秋粘虫代际亚致死效应

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107116

Arzlan Abbas , Ali Hasnain , Faisal Hafeez , Wu Hai Chao , Dong Yu Hua , Aleena Alam , Sohail Abbas , Ayesha Iftikhar , Hamed A. Ghramh , Khalid Ali Khan , Farman Ullah , Chen Ri Zhao

Cyantraniliprole is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide commonly used against fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda; however, sublethal exposure of cyantraniliprole on different generations of S. frugiperda, has not been fully studied. This proposed study aimed to estimate the sublethal effects of cyantraniliprole on the biological and demographic parameters of parental generation (F₀) and intergenerational effects on the offspring generation (F₁) of S. frugiperda using Age-stage, two-sex life table software. The bioassay result proved the strong toxicity of cyantraniliprole toward S. frugiperda, as demonstrated by an LC₅₀ value of 0.439 mg/kg after 96 h treatment. The larval duration of F₀ S. frugiperda significantly increased when treated with the low lethal (LC₃₀) and sublethal (LC₁₀) concentrations of cyantraniliprole. Adult longevities were decreased while pupal duration was increased in the treated groups. The adult preoviposition period (APOP) and total preoviposition period (TPOP) were higher in the treated groups compared to the control. Moreover, the fecundity was significantly decreased at the LC₁₀ and LC₃₀ in the F₀ and F₁ generations, respectively. For the F₀ generation, the relative fitness (R_f) for the LC₁₀ and LC₃₀ were 0.45 and 0.32, while for the F₁ generation, the values were 0.65 and 0.48, respectively. In summary, our results showed that life table characteristics of S. frugiperda were negatively affected by LC₁₀ and LC₃₀ of cyantraniliprole, ultimately inhibiting population growth. These findings may be crucial for understanding the overall impact of cyantraniliprole on the life-history traits of S. frugiperda, potentially aiding in the management of this invasive pest in open-field conditions.

氰胺虫胺是一种新型的用于防治秋粘虫（Spodoptera frugiperda）的杀虫剂；然而，对不同代frugiperda的亚致死暴露氰氨虫尚无充分的研究。本研究旨在利用年龄-分期、两性生命表软件，评估氰氨酰丙烯对frugiperda亲代（F0）生物学和人口统计学参数的亚致死效应，以及对子代（F1）的代际效应。生物测定结果表明，氰氨虫胺对果螨的毒性较强，处理96 h后LC50值为0.439 mg/kg。F0S的幼虫期。低致死浓度（LC30）和亚致死浓度（LC10）处理后，frugiperda显著增加。处理组成虫寿命缩短，蛹期延长。处理组成虫产卵前期（APOP）和总产卵前期（TPOP）均高于对照组。F0代和F1代的繁殖力分别在LC10和LC30处显著降低。F0代LC10和LC30的相对适合度（Rf）分别为0.45和0.32，F1代的相对适合度分别为0.65和0.48。综上所述，氰氨酰胺的LC10和LC30均对frugiperda的生命表特性产生了负面影响，最终抑制了种群的生长。这些发现可能对了解氰氨酰胺对frugiperda生命史特征的总体影响至关重要，可能有助于在开放条件下管理这种入侵害虫。

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引用次数: 0

Can available scientific information be mobilised to ensure the efficacy of microbial biocontrol agents against plant diseases in the field?

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107115

Thomas Pressecq , Philippe C. Nicot , Jean François Bourgeay , Aurélie Rousselin , Claire Goillon , Marc Tchamitchian , Marc Bardin

Microbial biocontrol agents are a promising option for reducing the use of chemicals in agriculture. Due to their characteristics as living organisms, their deployment is more complex than the application of chemicals and could result in the variability of their efficacy in the field, thus hindering their adoption. Taking this complexity into account would make their use more reliable. But is information about efficacy factors sufficiently well documented in peer-reviewed scientific articles to foster their optimal use by farmers against plant diseases?

To answer such question, a literature review was carried out to gather in a dedicated database the information published on the biotic and abiotic factors that can modulate the protective efficacy of microbial biocontrol agents, including their biological properties, those of plant pathogens, and the characteristics of cropping systems. This review was focused on scientific publications relating to biocontrol agent strains authorized in Europe.

An analysis of the database revealed that published information is rather limited for almost all biocontrol agents. The shortage of data was particularly striking for the use of biocontrol agents under field conditions. A focus on strains of Bacillus sp. and Trichoderma sp. revealed that even for those two most studied genera of biocontrol agents, information is highly patchy. Efficacy factors have been studied only on a few crops against a few of their target pathogens. Furthermore, only a small part of the available information was relevant for the use of those strains in a commercial situation. This highlights the need for further research into efficacy factors in order to produce data that can be used to improve the efficacy of biocontrol agents in the field.

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引用次数: 0

Agricultural biocontrol potential of bacterial volatile organic compounds (bVOCs) for enhanced crop protection 细菌性挥发性有机化合物（bVOCs）对加强作物保护的农业生物防治潜力

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107114

Kaouthar Loubna El Bey , Abderrahim Aasfar , Imane Bennis , Karim El Fakhouri , Ahmed-Seid Kemal , Mustapha El Bouhssini , Issam Meftah Kadmiri

Plant diseases and insect pests present significant challenges to agricultural productivity, while nutritional deficiencies impede plant growth. Recent research has focused on plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), which regulate soil microbial populations and play an important role in geochemical nutrient cycles. Among the emerging strategies, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by soil and plant microbiota offer promising eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides, with potential applications in disease control, growth promotion, and stress resistance.

This review explores the diverse applications of bacterial volatile organic compounds (bVOCs) in agriculture, detailing the progression from understanding their composition to their practical implementation in the field. Emphasizing their environmentally friendly nature, bVOCs have shown efficacy in controlling pathogenic fungi and insects, inducing plant stress resistance, and promoting growth. Furthermore, leveraging VOC-'omics approaches can help unravel the complexities of bacterial volatile metabolites and their pathways, providing unique insights into their biocontrol mechanisms. This knowledge paves the way for developing innovative biological solutions to enhance sustainability in agriculture. Additionally, the review analyzes recent patent trends, showcasing notable inventions in bVOCs technologies and formulations, over the past decade. However, despite these advancements, challenges such as high processing costs and lengthy screening procedures remain significant barriers to widespread adoption. Overcoming these obstacles and ensuring plant quality through continued research are crucial for accelerating the integration of VOCs into mainstream agricultural practices.

植物病虫害对农业生产力构成重大挑战，而营养缺乏又阻碍植物生长。促进植物生长的根瘤菌（rhizobacteria， PGPR）调控土壤微生物数量，在地球化学养分循环中发挥重要作用。在新兴的策略中，土壤和植物微生物群产生的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）是合成农药的有前途的环保替代品，在疾病控制、促进生长和抗逆性方面具有潜在的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0