Crop Protection最新文献_第5页

Quantitative and qualitative damage caused by Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on soybean crop at different growth stages Halyomorpha halys（半翅目：五蠹科）在不同生长阶段对大豆作物造成的定量和定性危害

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106987

Gabriele Rolando , Silvia Teresa Moraglio , Andrea Caratti , Chiara Cordero , Giorgio Borreani , Luciana Tavella

The brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys, an invasive species native to East Asia, is now present and abundant on soybean throughout Europe where it has become a major pest damaging the crop. Because a better understanding of the impact of H. halys is crucial to implement effective and sustainable pest management, the present study aimed to assess the stages at which soybean is most susceptible to H. halys attacks, and the qualitative and quantitative alterations caused by its feeding on soybean seeds. Therefore, soybean plants were exposed to stink bug adults for 2 weeks at different development stages and were examined at harvest for damage. Stay-green syndrome occurred most severely as a result of H. halys attacks at soybean development stages R4-R5. In the same period, the bug feeding activity significantly reduced the number of seeds per pod, thus indicating a higher damage rate at the R4-R5 stage when soybean surveillance should be intensified in order to properly target pest management strategies. The lower number of seeds per pod corresponded to an increase in the seed weight due to plant compensation mechanisms, leading to grain yields that did not differ in relation to the time of attack or the rate of damaged seeds. However, while not causing overall a loss of weight production, H. halys attacks were shown to cause qualitative damage to soybean seeds, especially by altering protein content and mobilizing several primary metabolites from storage macromolecules, which will have to be considered depending on the intended use of the production.

褐马蝽 Halyomorpha halys 是一种原产于东亚的入侵物种，目前在欧洲各地的大豆上大量出现，并已成为危害作物的主要害虫。由于更好地了解哈雷蝽的影响对于实施有效和可持续的害虫管理至关重要，本研究旨在评估大豆在哪些阶段最容易受到哈雷蝽的攻击，以及哈雷蝽取食大豆种子所引起的质和量的变化。因此，大豆植株在不同的发育阶段都会受到蝽成虫为期两周的危害，并在收获时对危害情况进行检查。在大豆的 R4-R5 发育阶段，褐飞虱的危害最为严重。在同一时期，蚜虫的取食活动大大降低了每荚种子的数量，这表明 R4-R5 阶段的危害率较高，此时应加强对大豆的监测，以便采取适当的虫害防治策略。由于植物补偿机制的作用，每荚种子数减少导致种子重量增加，因此谷物产量与受害时间或受害种子率没有差异。不过，虽然哈雷虫的侵袭不会造成总体产量损失，但却会对大豆种子造成质量损害，特别是通过改变蛋白质含量和调动贮藏大分子中的几种初级代谢物，这一点必须根据生产的预期用途加以考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry-based assessment of Aphanomyces root rot in pea 优化基于田间非对称离子迁移谱的豌豆根腐病评估方法

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106982

Milton Valencia-Ortiz , Rebecca J. McGee , Sindhuja Sankaran

When plants are infected with pathogens, disease response can result in changes in the profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOC). These changes in volatile organic compounds (VOC) profiles can be utilized for disease detection and quantification. In this study, field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) was used to evaluate the VOC profile variability in a pea near isogenic line (Pisum sativum L.) inoculated with zoospores of Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs, which causes Aphanomyces root rot disease. Pots were filled with silica sand and six plants per pot were grown under controlled conditions in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Four treatments, namely non-inoculated, 1 × 10⁵, 1 × 10⁶, and 2.79 × 10⁶ zoospores ml⁻¹ were applied to plants at 5 and 7 days after emergence. FAIMS was used to collect volatile profiles at 2, 4, 7 and 9 days after inoculation. Specific regions of interest – extracted from the ion current intensity from the FAIMS spectra – were analyzed using ANOVA. Similarly, multiple regions of interest were evaluated using principal component analysis and k-means clustering. Ion current profiles and curvature profiles were incorporated into the analysis using k-means clustering. Other ground reference data such as root rot index and physiological parameters were also recorded. The results showed a biomarker in a specific region of interest demonstrating ample ability to quantify and differentiate treatment effects during non-destructive sampling at 14 DAE (7 DAI). Data from this region could be used for early and non-destructive quantification and differentiation of treatment effects based on zoospore inoculation levels. The k-means clustering of ion current and curvature profiles showed patterns based on the treatments. These findings demonstrated that FAIMS could be used as a tool to assess plant-pathogen interactions using volatile biomarkers to evaluate disease responses and severity under controlled conditions.

当植物感染病原体时，病害反应会导致挥发性有机化合物（VOC）发生变化。这些挥发性有机化合物的变化可用于病害检测和定量。本研究采用田间非对称离子迁移谱法（FAIMS）评估了接种了导致Aphanomyces根腐病的Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs的动物孢子的近等基因系豌豆（Pisum sativum L.）的挥发性有机化合物谱的变化。盆中装满硅砂，每盆种植六株，采用随机完全区组设计，四次重复。在植物出苗后 5 天和 7 天分别施用四种处理，即未接种、1 × 105、1 × 106 和 2.79 × 106 zoospores ml-1。在接种后 2、4、7 和 9 天，使用 FAIMS 收集挥发性曲线。利用方差分析从 FAIMS 图谱的离子流强度中提取出特定的感兴趣区域。同样，还利用主成分分析和 K-均值聚类对多个感兴趣的区域进行了评估。离子电流剖面和曲率剖面利用均值聚类法纳入分析。还记录了其他地面参考数据，如根腐病指数和生理参数。结果表明，在 14 DAE（7 DAI）的非破坏性取样过程中，特定相关区域的生物标志物充分展示了量化和区分处理效果的能力。该区域的数据可用于根据孢子接种水平对处理效果进行早期非破坏性量化和区分。离子电流和曲率剖面的 k-means 聚类显示了基于处理的模式。这些研究结果表明，FAIMS 可用作一种工具，利用挥发性生物标记物评估植物与病原体之间的相互作用，从而评估受控条件下的病害反应和严重程度。

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引用次数: 0

Fusarium graminearum causes leaf spot disease in Nicandra physalodes in China 禾本科镰刀菌在中国引起尼古拉尺蠖叶斑病

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106983

Chengqing Yang , Yiyi Feng , Xiaoxiao Liao , Meiyu Yuan , Chun Wu , Cheng Li

Nicandra physalodes is an annual herbaceous plant that belongs to the Solanaceae family. Though native to South America, it is now extensively cultivated in China for medicinal and ornamental purposes. In traditional Chinese medicine, various parts of the plant are used for their therapeutic properties such as sedatives, expectorants, antipyretics, and antidotes. Furthermore, N. physalodes is considered an edible plant, and its seeds contain pectin, which is used in food production. However, recent observations in Hezhang county, Guizhou province, revealed a prevalent leaf spot disease affecting N. physalodes, leading to a decreased yield. In this study, morphological and molecular analyses, pathogenicity assays, and Koch's postulates were used to identify the fungal pathogens responsible for leaf spot disease in N. physalodes. Fusarium graminearum was confirmed as the causative agent based on morphological and molecular analyses, pathogenicity assays, and Koch's postulates, and this represents the first documented case of F. graminearum infection in N. physalodes. These findings underscore the importance of disease management strategies to mitigate the impact of leaf spot disease on the yield of this valuable medicinal plant.

Nicandra physalodes 是茄科一年生草本植物。虽然原产于南美洲，但目前在中国被广泛种植，用于药用和观赏。在传统中药中，该植物的不同部分具有镇静、祛痰、解热和解毒等治疗功效。此外，N. physalodes 被认为是一种可食用植物，其种子含有果胶，可用于食品生产。然而，最近在贵州省赫章县的观察发现，楠木叶斑病流行，导致产量下降。本研究利用形态学和分子分析、致病性测定和科赫定理来确定引起糯玉米叶斑病的真菌病原。根据形态学和分子分析、致病性测定和科赫推定，禾谷镰孢被确认为致病菌，这也是禾谷镰孢感染禾谷牛叶斑病的首个记录病例。这些发现强调了疾病管理策略对减轻叶斑病对这种珍贵药用植物产量影响的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of endemic entomopathogenic nematodes for managing Colorado potato beetle and tuber-damaging pests in potato 评估地方性昆虫病原线虫对科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫和马铃薯块茎破坏性害虫的防治效果

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106980

Pin-Chu Lai , Ramandeep Kaur Sandhi , Ollie Vetrovec , Tony Testa , Elson Shields , Brian A. Nault

Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, wireworms and white grubs are important pests of potato that are challenging to manage. This study evaluated three endemic entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) (Steinernema carpocapsae ‘NY01’, S. feltiae ‘NY04’, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ‘Oswego’) as biocontrol agents against L. decemlineata, wireworms and white grubs in New York. The efficacy of individual EPN species and their combinations on L. decemlineata larval mortality was assessed via soil-based bioassays in the laboratory. Additionally, L. decemlineata survival and percentage of tubers damaged by wireworms and white grubs were evaluated in field trials in which combinations of pairs of EPN species were applied to the soil at least one month prior to initiating the experiment. Results from bioassays indicated that among the three EPN species, L. decemlineata late instars were most susceptible to H. bacteriophora ‘Oswego’. Additionally, larval mortality was generally higher (14% on average) using pairs of EPN species compared to single species. Soil applications of pairs of EPN species prior to potato planting did not affect L. decemlineata adult survival either during the summer or following spring. However, tuber damage caused by wireworms and white grubs was reduced by 40% using a combination of H. bacteriophora ‘Oswego’ and S. feltiae ‘NY04’. Overall, EPNs applied in soil have potential as biocontrol agents for soil-dwelling pests like wireworms and white grubs in potato, and their efficacy also may extend beyond a single cropping season, but do not seem to be an effective tool for L. decemlineata management in potato.

科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫（Leptinotarsa decemlineata）、线虫和白蛴螬是马铃薯的重要害虫，治理起来非常困难。本研究评估了纽约三种地方性昆虫病原线虫（EPNs）（Steinernema carpocapsae 'NY01'、S. feltiae 'NY04'和 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora 'Oswego'）作为生物控制剂对 L. decemlineata、线虫和白蛴螬的防治效果。在实验室中，通过基于土壤的生物测定，评估了单个 EPN 物种及其组合对致死 L. decemlineata 幼虫的功效。此外，还在田间试验中评估了 L. decemlineata 的存活率以及被线虫和白蛴螬破坏的块茎的百分比。生物测定结果表明，在三种 EPN 物种中，L. decemlineata 晚龄幼虫最容易受到 H. bacteriophora 'Oswego' 的侵害。此外，使用成对的 EPN 物种与单一物种相比，幼虫死亡率普遍较高（平均为 14%）。在马铃薯种植前在土壤中施用成对的 EPN 物种不会影响 L. decemlineata 成虫在夏季或次年春季的存活率。然而，使用 H. bacteriophora 'Oswego' 和 S. feltiae 'NY04' 的组合，线虫和白蛴螬对块茎造成的损害减少了 40%。总之，在土壤中施用 EPNs 有可能成为马铃薯线虫和白蛴螬等土栖害虫的生物控制剂，其功效也可能超过一个作物季节，但似乎不是马铃薯 L. decemlineata 管理的有效工具。

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引用次数: 0

Anthranilic diamide compatibility with the parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae): Based on Toxicity, Two-sex life table and ecological parameters 蒽酰二胺与寄生虫 Trichogramma chilonis Ishii（膜翅目：Trichogrammatidae）的兼容性：基于毒性、双性生命表和生态参数

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106979

Muhammad Kamran, Muhammad Ahmad, Sarfraz Ali Shad

Egg parasitoid wasps of genus Trichogramma Westwood are effective natural enemies of lepidopteran pests in various crops. However, the efficacy of Trichogramma parasitoids is adversely affected by insecticides applied in the field to manage these lepidopteran pests. To overcome this problem efficiently, there is an urgent need to incorporate insecticide-resistant Trichogramma strains into integrated pest management (IPM) programs. This study assessed the potential of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii to develop chlorantraniliprole resistance and characterized resistance associated fitness costs and stability. Toxicity bioassays were performed on T. chilonis using a dry film residue method. After 39 selections, a 573.64-fold level of resistance to chlorantraniliprole was developed in the resistant strain of T. chilonis (Chlr-R) when compared with a chlorantraniliprole susceptible strain (Chlr-S). Chlorantraniliprole resistance in Chlr-R resulted in a female biased sex-ratio and significantly increased the total life span and longevity of the adult female when compared to the Chlr-S strain. Based on age-stage, two-sex life table all the demographic parameters of Chlr-R increased significantly. These results indicate that T. chilonis can be mass reared and selected for chlorantraniliprole resistance under laboratory conditions, is an important step to improve the in field-based effectiveness and integration of these wasps with chemical control.

Trichogramma Westwood 属卵寄生蜂是各种作物中鳞翅目害虫的有效天敌。然而，田间使用杀虫剂来防治这些鳞翅目害虫时，会对 Trichogramma 寄生蜂的功效产生不利影响。为有效解决这一问题，迫切需要将抗杀虫剂的 Trichogramma 菌株纳入害虫综合治理（IPM）计划。本研究评估了 Trichogramma chilonis Ishii 产生氯虫苯甲酰胺抗性的潜力，并描述了与抗性相关的适应成本和稳定性。采用干膜残留法对 Chilonis 进行了毒性生物测定。经过 39 次筛选，T. chilonis 的抗性菌株（Chlr-R）与氯虫苯甲酰胺易感菌株（Chlr-S）相比，对氯虫苯甲酰胺产生了 573.64 倍的抗性。与 Chlr-S 株系相比，Chlr-R 的抗性导致性别比例偏向雌性，并显著延长了成年雌虫的总寿命和寿命。基于年龄阶段的双性生命表，Chlr-R 的所有人口统计学参数都显著增加。这些结果表明，T. chilonis 可以在实验室条件下进行大规模饲养并筛选出抗氯氰菊酯的品系，这对于提高这些蜂的田间防治效果以及将其与化学防治相结合是非常重要的一步。

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引用次数: 0

Cold storage of Aphidoletes aphidimyza can extend offspring larval development period and improve its predation ability 冷藏蚜虫可延长后代幼虫发育期并提高其捕食能力

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106976

Xuli Zhu , Qingting Yuan , Weiqiang Tian , Maofa Yang , Xiaoyan Wang , Xiaobin Han , Jun Wan , Huizi Wu , Xiaofei Yu

Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is widely used in aphid biological control, and low-temperature storage helps expand its population. Nonetheless, low-temperature effects on A. aphidimyza are unknown. A. aphidimyza pupae were exposed to three cold storage methods lasting 10, 20, and 30 days, respectively: storing at 7 °C for 4 h then 5 °C for 20 h (T1); storing at 9 °C for 4 h then 5 °C for 20 h (T2); and storing at 5 °C for 24 h (T3). The emergence rate under variable low-temperature storage (T1: 81.98%; T2: 81.28%) was significantly higher than that under constant low-temperature storage (T3: 74.98%). Additionally, the emergence rate decreased markedly with prolonged refrigeration time. Egg production at all three refrigeration temperatures declined significantly compared to the control treatment. It is noteworthy that low-temperature storage can significantly prolong the development time of offspring larvae without affecting the overall developmental period of the offspring. After comparing the content of cold-resistant substances in pupae under different low-temperature storage, the total sugar, glycerol, and trehalose increased with an extended storage time. The lifetime feeding capacity of A. aphidimyza offspring larvae on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) improved after cold storage. The functional response curve was aligned with the Holling Ⅱ model. Compared to the control treatment, both T1, T2, and T3 improved the search ability of 3rd-instar larvae in the offspring after 20 and 30 days of refrigeration. Our study indicated that cold storage of A. aphidimyza can extend offspring larval development period and improve its predation ability.

蚜蝇（Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani)）（双翅目：蚜蝇科）被广泛用于蚜虫生物防治，低温储存有助于扩大其种群数量。然而，低温对 A. aphidimyza 的影响尚不清楚。将 A. aphidimyza 蛹分别置于三种低温条件下 10 天、20 天和 30 天：在 7 °C 下存放 4 小时，然后在 5 °C 下存放 20 小时（T1）；在 9 °C 下存放 4 小时，然后在 5 °C 下存放 20 小时（T2）；在 5 °C 下存放 24 小时（T3）。变低温贮藏条件下的出苗率（T1：81.98%；T2：81.28%）明显高于恒定低温贮藏条件下的出苗率（T3：74.98%）。此外，随着冷藏时间的延长，出壳率也明显下降。与对照处理相比，三种冷藏温度下的产蛋量都明显下降。值得注意的是，低温贮藏能显著延长子代幼虫的发育时间，而不影响子代的整体发育期。比较不同低温贮藏条件下蛹体内抗寒物质的含量，总糖、甘油和三卤糖的含量随着贮藏时间的延长而增加。低温贮藏后，蚜茧蜂后代幼虫对柿小蚜（Sulzer）的终生取食能力有所提高。功能反应曲线与霍林Ⅱ模型一致。与对照处理相比，T1、T2 和 T3 在冷藏 20 天和 30 天后都提高了子代三龄幼虫的搜索能力。我们的研究表明，冷藏蚜虫可延长子代幼虫的发育期，提高其捕食能力。

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引用次数: 0

First report of Colletotrichum siamense and C. tropicale causing anthracnose of Syngonium podophyllum in China 中国首次报道暹罗褐壳斗霉菌和热带壳斗霉菌引起豆荚忍冬炭疽病的病例

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106978

Jiaming Cui , Jinhua Sun , Min Li , Gengxin Chen , Jinyu Yang , Yu Wang , Tianyu Huang , Deqiang Gong , Meijiao Hu

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum genus is an important disease of plants in the world. Syngonium podophyllum is a foliage plant in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. In September 2023, serious symptoms of anthracnose were observed on the leaves of S. podophyllum at a park in Haikou City, China, most of the leaves turn yellow to brown and wither, greatly affecting the ornamental value. Colletotrichum siamense and C. tropicale were identified as pathogens by morphological characterization, phylogenetic analysis using ITS region, GAPDH, ACT and TUB2 sequences and pathogenicity tests. This is the first report of C. siamense and C. tropicale causing anthracnose of S. podophyllum in China.

由 Colletotrichum 属引起的炭疽病是世界上一种重要的植物病害。荚蒾（Syngonium podophyllum）是世界热带和亚热带地区的一种观叶植物。2023 年 9 月，中国海口市某公园的豆荚属植物叶片上出现了严重的炭疽病症状，大部分叶片变黄变褐、枯萎，极大地影响了观赏价值。通过形态特征描述、ITS区、GAPDH、ACT和TUB2序列的系统进化分析以及致病性试验，确定暹罗疣孢菌（Colletotrichum siamense）和热带疣孢菌（C. tropicale）为病原菌。这是中国首次报道 C. siamense 和 C. tropicale 引起豆荚属植物炭疽病。

引用次数: 0

First report of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing severe anthracnose on Parthenocissus tricuspidata in China 在中国首次报告由球形孢子菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）引起三尖杉严重炭疽病的病例

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106977

Quanchao Wang , Guiyong Cao , Haonan Wang, Xudong Zhou

Parthenocissus tricuspidata is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant. However, severe anthracnose on their leaves has been observed indicating over 80% infection in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. The purpose of this study was to characterize the disease causal agent. Colletotrichum-like fungal strains were isolated from the diseased spots. On MEA, the fungal colony appeared white with abundant and dense aerial mycelia. The selected isolates were identified as C. gloeosporioides and C. siamensethe using multi-gene (ITS, ACT, CAL, GAPDH and TUB2) sequence phylogenetic analysis combined with morphological characteristicsPathogenicity tests were conducted by inoculating conidial suspensions on healthy P. tricuspidata leaves, followed by re-isolation and characterization to fulfill the Koch's postulates. This represents the first report that C. gloeosporioides causes anthracnose on P. tricuspidata in China. The potential impact of the disease deserves further investigation considering its high occurrence for sustainable management.

三裂叶木（Parthenocissus tricuspidata）被广泛栽培为观赏植物。然而，在浙江省杭州市观察到其叶片上有严重的炭疽病，感染率超过 80%。本研究的目的是确定病原菌的特征。从病斑中分离出了类似 Colletotrichum 的真菌菌株。在 MEA 上，真菌菌落呈白色，气生菌丝丰富而密集。通过多基因（ITS、ACT、CAL、GAPDH 和 TUB2）序列系统发育分析，并结合形态特征，将分生孢子悬浮液接种到健康的三尖杉叶片上进行致病性试验，然后重新分离和鉴定，以符合科赫假说。这是中国首次报道球孢子菌引起三尖杉炭疽病。考虑到该病的高发生率，其潜在影响值得进一步研究，以实现可持续管理。

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引用次数: 0

Competitiveness of chia against brassica weeds improves through a narrow spatial arrangement 通过狭窄的空间布局提高菊科杂草的竞争力

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106973

Juan V. Anuch Tiranti , Ramiro N. Curti , Martin M. Acreche

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is a promising crop valued as a sustainable source of omega-3. However, chia yield and quality are reduced because of weed competition and the lack of registered herbicides. This study evaluated how chia spatial arrangement suppresses weed growth and provided management options for this crop. The performance of chia plants was assessed over three growing seasons in field experiments using a factorial design that considered spatial arrangement (narrow and wide), weed management (control without weeds, soil bank brassica (Brassica rapa L.), and sown brassica), and cover crop (with or without a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop during chia fallow). Chia and brassica are not complementary, leading to resource competition (relative yield total around 1) and negative effects on each other. A significant decrease in chia grain yield of 0.9% per unit increase in the percentage of weeds in total biomass was observed. As chia had a competitive advantage over brassica, the grain yield reduction was ameliorated with a narrow spatial arrangement. Narrow spatial arrangement promotes faster canopy closure during the early growth stages, decreasing light penetration and suppressing weed growth. The high extinction coefficient of chia (0.91) and the low critical LAI (3.3) contributed to this light interception behavior. Accordingly, to maximize chia productivity and profitability, a narrow spatial arrangement is an effective management strategy to suppress weeds. This study contributes valuable insights into chia-weed interactions and emphasizes the importance of sustainable crop management practices.

奇异籽（Salvia hispanica L.）是一种前景广阔的作物，被视为欧米伽-3 的可持续来源。然而，由于杂草竞争和缺乏注册除草剂，奇异籽的产量和质量都有所下降。本研究评估了奇异籽的空间布局如何抑制杂草生长，并为这种作物提供了管理方案。在三个生长季的田间试验中，采用因子设计评估了奇亚籽植物的表现，该设计考虑了空间布局（窄和宽）、杂草管理（无杂草对照、土库黄花菜（Brassica rapa L.）和播种黄花菜）和覆盖作物（在奇亚籽休耕期间有无黑麦（Secale cereale L.）覆盖作物）。奇亚籽和黄刺玫不能互补，导致资源竞争（相对总产量约为 1）和相互间的负面影响。杂草在总生物量中所占比例每增加一个单位，奇亚籽的谷物产量就会大幅下降 0.9%。由于奇异菊比黄花菜更有竞争优势，谷物减产的情况在狭窄的空间布局下得到了改善。窄空间布局可在早期生长阶段加快冠层闭合，减少光照穿透，抑制杂草生长。奇异果的高消光系数（0.91）和低临界 LAI（3.3）促成了这种截光行为。因此，为了最大限度地提高芝麻的产量和收益，狭窄的空间布局是抑制杂草的有效管理策略。这项研究为了解奇异草与杂草的相互作用提供了宝贵的见解，并强调了可持续作物管理方法的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Identification of novel target genes for RNAi mediated management of the pest, Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, J. E. Smith) 鉴定以 RNAi 为介导的害虫--秋陆虫（Spodoptera frugiperda, J. E. Smith）--管理的新型靶基因

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106972

Paramita Bera , S.B. Suby , Sameer Dixit , Vishakh Vijayan , Naveen Kumar , J.C. Sekhar , Jyothilakshmi Vadassery

RNA interference (RNAi) of vital insect genes is a potential tool for targeted pest management. However, the selection of the right target genes and its dsRNA delivery method is also a challenge because the RNAi efficacy is known to vary among insect species. Fall Armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda) is a polyphagous generalist insect pest that can feed on more than 100 plant species, with a strong preference for maize. In the present study, we evaluated the RNAi efficiency of three vital genes coding for Coatomer Subunit alpha (COPIα), Coatomer Subunit beta (COPIβ) and Glutathione-S-transferase U1 (GSTU1) as potential targets for managing FAW. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the target genes' expression level reduced to 75–80% in FAW larvae, after their continuous oral delivery through diet for 8 days. It also caused significant mortality in larvae (40–50%) and pupae (40–62%), and resulted in deformed intermediates (28–38%) and adults (25–40%). It also affected reproduction as evidenced by an approximately 50% reduction in oviposition. Moreover, exogenous application of dsRNA in maize leaves resulted in significant feeding deterrence by FAW larvae, which enhanced the frequency of cannibalism. The impact of target genes’ dsRNA on the biology and behaviour of FAW suggests their insecticidal potential. Thus, the current study reveals the novel target genes and their utility in RNA based pesticides for sustainable management of FAW.

对昆虫重要基因的 RNA 干扰（RNAi）是一种潜在的害虫定向管理工具。然而，如何选择合适的目标基因及其dsRNA递送方法也是一项挑战，因为已知不同昆虫物种的RNAi功效各不相同。秋陆虫（FAW；Spodoptera frugiperda）是一种多食性通翅目害虫，可取食 100 多种植物，对玉米有强烈的偏好。在本研究中，我们评估了三个重要基因的 RNAi 效能，这三个基因分别编码衣壳聚合物亚基α（COPIα）、衣壳聚合物亚基β（COPIβ）和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶 U1（GSTU1），它们是治理 FAW 的潜在靶标。实时 PCR 分析表明，通过饮食连续口服这些靶基因 8 天后，FAW 幼虫体内靶基因的表达水平降低了 75-80%。它还导致幼虫（40-50%）和蛹（40-62%）大量死亡，并导致中间体（28-38%）和成虫（25-40%）畸形。它还影响繁殖，表现为产卵量减少约 50%。此外，在玉米叶片中外源施用 dsRNA 还能显著阻止 FAW 幼虫取食，从而提高食人的频率。目标基因dsRNA对FAW生物学和行为的影响表明其具有杀虫潜力。因此，目前的研究揭示了新的靶基因及其在基于 RNA 的杀虫剂中的应用，以实现对 FAW 的可持续管理。

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