Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107044
J. Xu, L. Hu, Y. Jiang, Jichen Yan
Sorghum[Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench] is one of the most important food crops and also used as forage, brewing and industrial raw materials in China. In recent years, during field surveys a new leaf spot was detected on sorghum plants in Liaoning Province, China. The pathogen was isolated used a conventional pathogen isolation method and identified by its morphology cultural characters and phylogenetic analysis of the combined genes including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin (TUB) and Large subunit (LSU) sequences, respectively. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses, the pathogenic fungus was identified as Epicoccum sorghinum. Pathogenicity test was confirmed by inoculating sorghum cultivars under greenhouse conditions. This study is the first time to confirmed E. sorghinum as the causal agent of the disease in China, and this disease represents a potential threat to sorghum productivity in China.
{"title":"Identification and characterization of Epicoccum sorghinum causing leaf spot on sorghum in China","authors":"J. Xu, L. Hu, Y. Jiang, Jichen Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sorghum[<em>Sorghum bicolor</em> (L.)Moench] is one of the most important food crops and also used as forage, brewing and industrial raw materials in China. In recent years, during field surveys a new leaf spot was detected on sorghum plants in Liaoning Province, China. The pathogen was isolated used a conventional pathogen isolation method and identified by its morphology cultural characters and phylogenetic analysis of the combined genes including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin (TUB) and Large subunit (LSU) sequences, respectively. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses, the pathogenic fungus was identified as <em>Epicoccum sorghinum</em>. Pathogenicity test was confirmed by inoculating sorghum cultivars under greenhouse conditions. This study is the first time to confirmed <em>E. sorghinum</em> as the causal agent of the disease in China, and this disease represents a potential threat to sorghum productivity in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107044"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107043
Needhi K. Thangasamy, Livia De Fazi, Renato Ricciardi, Angelo Canale, Giovanni Benelli, Andrea Lucchi
Research on vineyard pests is crucial for the reduction of annual yield losses and the development of sustainable methods of pest control. The vine-bud moth, Theresimima ampellophaga, has long been considered a harmful grapevine pest in the countries bordering the Mediterranean basin. The larvae feed extensively on vine leaves and buds, and records from the early 20th century indicate that even a minor infestation could halve a vine's total productivity. Despite this, it has received limited scientific attention in recent years, with limited updated information on its biology, ecology, and pest activity. Herein, we conducted a systematic literature review to consolidate all available data about the vine-bud moth into a single body of work. The gathered data revealed that this insect may not currently be as widespread and detrimental to modern vineyards as their historical reputation indicates. However, the vine-bud moth should also not be underestimated or overlooked, as its pest status is prone to evolve as climate changes. There is still a possibility that it could revert to being a major pest in the future, as factors like environmental resilience, trophic dominance and phenology are modified. We recommend a thorough reassessment of the currently available knowledge on this species to fill in knowledge gaps and clarify existing uncertainties. Additionally, there is much scope for further studies on this insect, especially in the fields of phylogenetics and behavioral ecology.
{"title":"Theresimima ampellophaga (Bayle-Barelle 1809) (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Procridinae): Past, present, and future of an overlooked vine pest","authors":"Needhi K. Thangasamy, Livia De Fazi, Renato Ricciardi, Angelo Canale, Giovanni Benelli, Andrea Lucchi","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on vineyard pests is crucial for the reduction of annual yield losses and the development of sustainable methods of pest control. The vine-bud moth, <em>Theresimima ampellophaga</em>, has long been considered a harmful grapevine pest in the countries bordering the Mediterranean basin. The larvae feed extensively on vine leaves and buds, and records from the early 20th century indicate that even a minor infestation could halve a vine's total productivity. Despite this, it has received limited scientific attention in recent years, with limited updated information on its biology, ecology, and pest activity. Herein, we conducted a systematic literature review to consolidate all available data about the vine-bud moth into a single body of work. The gathered data revealed that this insect may not currently be as widespread and detrimental to modern vineyards as their historical reputation indicates. However, the vine-bud moth should also not be underestimated or overlooked, as its pest status is prone to evolve as climate changes. There is still a possibility that it could revert to being a major pest in the future, as factors like environmental resilience, trophic dominance and phenology are modified. We recommend a thorough reassessment of the currently available knowledge on this species to fill in knowledge gaps and clarify existing uncertainties. Additionally, there is much scope for further studies on this insect, especially in the fields of phylogenetics and behavioral ecology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107043"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Invasive species, including insect pests, pose significant threats globally. Ongoing global environmental changes may exacerbate the threats, by potentially favoring range expansion of invasive pests, altering native ecosystems, and damaging valuable crops. To reduce the spread and impact of invasive pests, monitoring and identification of their suitable habitats in the context of global environmental change (e.g., ongoing changes in land use and climate) is essential. This study examines the current and future potential habitat suitability of a newly invasive aphid, Metopolophium festucae cerealium, in North America, focusing on its potential expansion into wheat growing regions in North America. Using occurrence data collected during a decade of surveying from ∼450 sites in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) where the aphid has invaded, with the help of an ensemble modeling framework, we predicted the habitat suitability for M. f. cerealium for North America under various climate scenarios and land use conditions. The results indicate a high likelihood of further eastward and southward expansion from the PNW, particularly in wheat and cereal crop-producing regions, posing a threat to crop production. The key environmental drivers include cropland percentage, temperature, and precipitation, suggesting potential impacts of future environmental change. The study underscores the importance of considering not only climatic factors but also host plant presence and agricultural practices in pest management strategies.
{"title":"Charting the course of invasion: Ensemble species distribution models predict the range expansion of a newly invasive aphid pest Metopolophium festucae cerealium in North America","authors":"Subodh Adhikari , Vivek Srivastava , Tyler Wist , Sanford D. Eigenbrode","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Invasive species, including insect pests, pose significant threats globally. Ongoing global environmental changes may exacerbate the threats, by potentially favoring range expansion of invasive pests, altering native ecosystems, and damaging valuable crops. To reduce the spread and impact of invasive pests, monitoring and identification of their suitable habitats in the context of global environmental change (e.g., ongoing changes in land use and climate) is essential. This study examines the current and future potential habitat suitability of a newly invasive aphid, <em>Metopolophium festucae cerealium</em>, in North America, focusing on its potential expansion into wheat growing regions in North America. Using occurrence data collected during a decade of surveying from ∼450 sites in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) where the aphid has invaded, with the help of an ensemble modeling framework, we predicted the habitat suitability for <em>M. f. cerealium</em> for North America under various climate scenarios and land use conditions. The results indicate a high likelihood of further eastward and southward expansion from the PNW, particularly in wheat and cereal crop-producing regions, posing a threat to crop production. The key environmental drivers include cropland percentage, temperature, and precipitation, suggesting potential impacts of future environmental change. The study underscores the importance of considering not only climatic factors but also host plant presence and agricultural practices in pest management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107042"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107037
Yi-fei Wang , Meng-ting Jiang , Qiu-qin Wang , Xiu-yu Zhang , Yu Wan , Yin-juan Zhao
Malus micromalus is a famous ornamental tree species in China. Its fruits are also edible and have medicinal value. M. micromalus leaf spot disease was observed in October in Nanjing, which is located in Jiangsu Province, China. This illness induces the formation of nearly spherical lesions on the leaves, characterized by dark brown coloration and accompanied by black specks on the affected area and prominent concentric rings at the boundary between the infected and healthy tissue. In the advanced stage, the leaves undergo yellowing and subsequent abscission. The plant's growth is significantly impaired by the illness. Koch's postulates confirmed the identity of the fungal isolates (MS1-1 to MS1-9) were pathogenic to M. micromalus. The morphological features of the pathogens were consistent with those of Alternaria spp. Therefore, because of their morphological traits, the nine isolates were categorized as Alternaria species. Phylogenetic analyses were performed through a combined assessment of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Alternaria main allergen gene (Alt a 1), the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), and portions of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α), and the nine isolates were identified as A. alternata and A. ovoidea. Leaf spot disease in M. micromalus caused by Alternaria has never been reported before, either in China or worldwide.
{"title":"Leaf spot disease of Malus micromalus caused by Alternaria alternata and A. ovoidea recently documented in China","authors":"Yi-fei Wang , Meng-ting Jiang , Qiu-qin Wang , Xiu-yu Zhang , Yu Wan , Yin-juan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Malus micromalus</em> is a famous ornamental tree species in China. Its fruits are also edible and have medicinal value. <em>M. micromalus</em> leaf spot disease was observed in October in Nanjing, which is located in Jiangsu Province, China. This illness induces the formation of nearly spherical lesions on the leaves, characterized by dark brown coloration and accompanied by black specks on the affected area and prominent concentric rings at the boundary between the infected and healthy tissue. In the advanced stage, the leaves undergo yellowing and subsequent abscission. The plant's growth is significantly impaired by the illness. Koch's postulates confirmed the identity of the fungal isolates (MS1-1 to MS1-9) were pathogenic to <em>M. micromalus</em>. The morphological features of the pathogens were consistent with those of <em>Alternaria</em> spp. Therefore, because of their morphological traits, the nine isolates were categorized as Alternaria species. Phylogenetic analyses were performed through a combined assessment of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Alternaria main allergen gene (Alt a 1), the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), and portions of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α), and the nine isolates were identified as <em>A. alternata</em> and <em>A. ovoidea</em>. Leaf spot disease in <em>M. micromalus</em> caused by <em>Alternaria</em> has never been reported before, either in China or worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107037"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107040
Yajun Wang , Hung Hai Pham , Weihu Ma , Kejiao Li , Guocai Zhang , Jie Zhang
The insecticidal properties of Rudbeckia hirta have been acknowledged, yet they remain underexplored. This study aimed to optimize the extraction conditions, analyze the chemical constituents of ethanol extracts from R. hirta (RHE), assess the insecticidal activity of RHE against Malacosoma neustria testacea larvae, and evaluate its safety for non-target aquatic organisms. The optimal extraction parameters for RHE were determined to be a liquid-solid ratio of 41.4:1 (mL:g), an extraction temperature of 41 °C, and an extraction time of 52 min, resulting in an actual extraction rate of 30.27 ± 0.16%. Chemical analysis identified 22 compounds within RHE, with flavonoids comprising the majority at 75.47%. Bioassays suggested that RHE exhibited significant toxicity against M. neustria testacea larvae, with an LC50 value of 6.44 ± 0.14 mg/mL at 72 h post-treatment. RHE also markedly inhibited larval feeding, digestion, and nutrient absorption. Furthermore, under RHE exposure, detoxification and antioxidant enzyme activities in the larvae were significantly suppressed within 72 h of treatment. Safety assessments indicated that RHE exhibited no toxicity to Danio rerio. These findings suggest that RHE could serve as a natural alternative to chemical pesticides, offering a sustainable approach to managing moth pests in agroforestry systems.
{"title":"Insecticidal activity of the ethanol extracts from Rudbeckia hirta: Efficacy on Lackey moth (Malacosoma neustria testacea) and impact on non-target organisms","authors":"Yajun Wang , Hung Hai Pham , Weihu Ma , Kejiao Li , Guocai Zhang , Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The insecticidal properties of <em>Rudbeckia hirta</em> have been acknowledged, yet they remain underexplored. This study aimed to optimize the extraction conditions, analyze the chemical constituents of ethanol extracts from <em>R. hirta</em> (RHE), assess the insecticidal activity of RHE against <em>Malacosoma neustria testacea</em> larvae, and evaluate its safety for non-target aquatic organisms. The optimal extraction parameters for RHE were determined to be a liquid-solid ratio of 41.4:1 (mL:g), an extraction temperature of 41 °C, and an extraction time of 52 min, resulting in an actual extraction rate of 30.27 ± 0.16%. Chemical analysis identified 22 compounds within RHE, with flavonoids comprising the majority at 75.47%. Bioassays suggested that RHE exhibited significant toxicity against <em>M. neustria testacea</em> larvae, with an LC<sub>50</sub> value of 6.44 ± 0.14 mg/mL at 72 h post-treatment. RHE also markedly inhibited larval feeding, digestion, and nutrient absorption. Furthermore, under RHE exposure, detoxification and antioxidant enzyme activities in the larvae were significantly suppressed within 72 h of treatment. Safety assessments indicated that RHE exhibited no toxicity to <em>Danio rerio</em>. These findings suggest that RHE could serve as a natural alternative to chemical pesticides, offering a sustainable approach to managing moth pests in agroforestry systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107039
Prakhar Patidar, Peeyush Soni
Intra-row weeds have a significant impact on crop yield and health, competing with crops for nutrients, water, and sunlight. Traditional uniform herbicide applications in weed management not only risk harming the environment but can also compromise crop health. Precision spraying technology, guided by machine vision, offers a solution by accurately identifying and targeting weeds, thereby reducing overall herbicide use. Inter-row weed segmentation can be done easily with simple thresholding, but intra-row region weed cannot be segmented with simple thresholding due to many similarities between the intra-row weeds and plants. So, in this study, a novel methodology is introduced to dynamically estimate intra-row weed density for the entire crop row of chilli by integrating ByteTrack Simple Online and Real Time Tracker (BTSORT) with YOLOv7 crop recognition model to track the plant and Hue-Saturation-Value (HSV) color model with simple thresholding to segment weeds between tracks to avoid repetitive intra-row weed density estimation. The weed density between the plants in these regions is calculated and categorized into low, medium, and high levels based on the number of weed pixels in the intra-row region. The YOLOv7 Crop recognition model recognized the chilli plants with achieved a precision of 0.92 and a recall of 0.94 at 47.39 FPS. The BTSORT with YOLOv7 crop recognition model on a test video dataset performed well with MOTA and MOTP of 0.85 and 0.81, respectively. The developed dynamic intra-row weed density estimation method classifies it with an overall accuracy of 0.87. Additionally, the system processed 1280x720 frames 1.38 times faster than 1920x1080 frames, enabling efficient real-time intra-row weed density estimation across full crop rows.
{"title":"A rapid estimation of intra-row weed density using an integrated CRM, BTSORT and HSV model across entire video stream of chilli crop canopies","authors":"Prakhar Patidar, Peeyush Soni","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intra-row weeds have a significant impact on crop yield and health, competing with crops for nutrients, water, and sunlight. Traditional uniform herbicide applications in weed management not only risk harming the environment but can also compromise crop health. Precision spraying technology, guided by machine vision, offers a solution by accurately identifying and targeting weeds, thereby reducing overall herbicide use. Inter-row weed segmentation can be done easily with simple thresholding, but intra-row region weed cannot be segmented with simple thresholding due to many similarities between the intra-row weeds and plants. So, in this study, a novel methodology is introduced to dynamically estimate intra-row weed density for the entire crop row of chilli by integrating ByteTrack Simple Online and Real Time Tracker (BTSORT) with YOLOv7 crop recognition model to track the plant and Hue-Saturation-Value (HSV) color model with simple thresholding to segment weeds between tracks to avoid repetitive intra-row weed density estimation. The weed density between the plants in these regions is calculated and categorized into low, medium, and high levels based on the number of weed pixels in the intra-row region. The YOLOv7 Crop recognition model recognized the chilli plants with achieved a precision of 0.92 and a recall of 0.94 at 47.39 FPS. The BTSORT with YOLOv7 crop recognition model on a test video dataset performed well with MOTA and MOTP of 0.85 and 0.81, respectively. The developed dynamic intra-row weed density estimation method classifies it with an overall accuracy of 0.87. Additionally, the system processed 1280x720 frames 1.38 times faster than 1920x1080 frames, enabling efficient real-time intra-row weed density estimation across full crop rows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107038
Siyu Yang , Chang Chen , Yijiang Yang , Ling Teng , Jie Liu , Wenjun Gui , Jinwen Zhu , Weijun Zhou , A. Sophie Westbrook , Antonio DiTommaso
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) straw mulch suppresses weeds in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping systems. This study explores the role of shading in weed suppression by straw mulch through three experiments. The first experiment determined how oilseed rape straw length (powder or 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 cm), application rate (100, 300, 500, 700, 900 or 1100 g m−2), and moisture (dry or wet) affect shading. Shading was greater with shorter straw lengths, higher application rates, and dry straw. When wet 1 cm straw was applied at the rates above, it blocked 52%, 87%, 96%, 99%, 99% and 99% of light, respectively. The second experiment evaluated germination of rice and seven weeds under an alternating light/dark regime compared with continuous darkness. Rice germination did not differ between the two treatments. Two weed species, barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.) and Chinese sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees), exhibited some germination in continuous darkness but higher germination in the light/dark treatment. The remaining five weed species, small-flowered nutsedge (Cyperus difformis L.), eclipta (Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.), eared redstem (Ammannia auriculata Willd.), ricefield flatsedge (Cyperus iria L.), and grasslike fimbry (Fimbristylis littoralis Gaudich.) failed to germinate under the dark treatment. The third experiment measured effects of shading on seedling growth of rice and two weed species, barnyardgrass and eclipta. A few weeks of shading triggered shade avoidance responses and inhibited seedling growth in all three species. These findings demonstrate that oilseed rape straw mulch can effectively reduce weed germination and early growth through shading. This practice does not threaten rice establishment, and indeed may protect rice from later weed–crop competition for light.
{"title":"Differential responses of weeds and rice to shading stress from oilseed rape straw mulch","authors":"Siyu Yang , Chang Chen , Yijiang Yang , Ling Teng , Jie Liu , Wenjun Gui , Jinwen Zhu , Weijun Zhou , A. Sophie Westbrook , Antonio DiTommaso","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oilseed rape (<em>Brassica napus</em> L.) straw mulch suppresses weeds in rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) cropping systems. This study explores the role of shading in weed suppression by straw mulch through three experiments. The first experiment determined how oilseed rape straw length (powder or 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 cm), application rate (100, 300, 500, 700, 900 or 1100 g m<sup>−2</sup>), and moisture (dry or wet) affect shading. Shading was greater with shorter straw lengths, higher application rates, and dry straw. When wet 1 cm straw was applied at the rates above, it blocked 52%, 87%, 96%, 99%, 99% and 99% of light, respectively. The second experiment evaluated germination of rice and seven weeds under an alternating light/dark regime compared with continuous darkness. Rice germination did not differ between the two treatments. Two weed species, barnyardgrass (<em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em> (L.) P. Beauv.) and Chinese sprangletop (<em>Leptochloa chinensis</em> (L.) Nees), exhibited some germination in continuous darkness but higher germination in the light/dark treatment. The remaining five weed species, small-flowered nutsedge (<em>Cyperus difformis</em> L.), eclipta (<em>Eclipta prostrata</em> (L.) L.), eared redstem (<em>Ammannia auriculata</em> Willd.), ricefield flatsedge (<em>Cyperus iria</em> L.), and grasslike fimbry (<em>Fimbristylis littoralis</em> Gaudich.) failed to germinate under the dark treatment. The third experiment measured effects of shading on seedling growth of rice and two weed species, barnyardgrass and eclipta. A few weeks of shading triggered shade avoidance responses and inhibited seedling growth in all three species. These findings demonstrate that oilseed rape straw mulch can effectively reduce weed germination and early growth through shading. This practice does not threaten rice establishment, and indeed may protect rice from later weed–crop competition for light.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107036
Antía Gómez-Armesto , Laura Meno , Servando Álvarez-Pousa , David Fernández-Calviño
Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), belonging to the genus Globodera spp., are spread worldwide constituting a problem of concern as they can cause considerable losses in crop yields. An alternative to the application of common pesticides is the use of trap crops, that promote the hatching of second-stage juvenile cysts without supporting the feeding and reproduction of these nematodes. For this purpose, in recent years, there has been growing attention to the use of Solanum sisymbriifolium as a biopesticide. In this study, we focused on looking for the best conditions to grow this trap crop under field conditions, contrary to previous studies developed in pots under controlled conditions. Various management strategies, including sowing date and depth, irrigation and soil compaction, to grow S. sisymbriifolium in acid sandy soils (pH 4.3–5.5) have been evaluated. In addition, the efficiency of S. sisymbriifolium was tested under field conditions in three PCN-infested plots. The results indicate that the best conditions for S. sisymbriifolium cropping in South Atlantic latitudes included sowing dates in July and August at 10–15 cm depth, with irrigation and soil compaction after sowing. Under these conditions, a 77%–89% decrease in PCNs was observed with a high initial number of cysts (93–160 per 100g), and even some sub-plots showed a 100% reduction when the initial number of cysts was low (15–52 per 100g). Therefore, S. sisymbriifolium could be an interesting substitute for unspecific chemical nematicides in potato crops to promote sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"Development and effectivity of Solanum sisymbriifolium against potato cyst nematode under field conditions in soils from the southern atlantic area","authors":"Antía Gómez-Armesto , Laura Meno , Servando Álvarez-Pousa , David Fernández-Calviño","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), belonging to the genus <em>Globodera</em> spp., are spread worldwide constituting a problem of concern as they can cause considerable losses in crop yields. An alternative to the application of common pesticides is the use of trap crops, that promote the hatching of second-stage juvenile cysts without supporting the feeding and reproduction of these nematodes. For this purpose, in recent years, there has been growing attention to the use of <em>Solanum sisymbriifolium</em> as a biopesticide. In this study, we focused on looking for the best conditions to grow this trap crop under field conditions, contrary to previous studies developed in pots under controlled conditions. Various management strategies, including sowing date and depth, irrigation and soil compaction, to grow <em>S. sisymbriifolium</em> in acid sandy soils (pH 4.3–5.5) have been evaluated. In addition, the efficiency of <em>S. sisymbriifolium</em> was tested under field conditions in three PCN-infested plots. The results indicate that the best conditions for <em>S. sisymbriifolium</em> cropping in South Atlantic latitudes included sowing dates in July and August at 10–15 cm depth, with irrigation and soil compaction after sowing. Under these conditions, a 77%–89% decrease in PCNs was observed with a high initial number of cysts (93–160 per 100g), and even some sub-plots showed a 100% reduction when the initial number of cysts was low (15–52 per 100g). Therefore, <em>S. sisymbriifolium</em> could be an interesting substitute for unspecific chemical nematicides in potato crops to promote sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107036"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107002
Huy-Tan Thai, Kim-Hung Le
Agriculture has produced the vast majority of food for the world’s population throughout human history and plays a significant role in the economies of many countries, particularly on the continents of Asia and Africa. However, the quality and quantity of crop yields are influenced by various natural factors, including leaf diseases. While recent studies leveraged advanced deep learning models to accurately detect early disease symptoms, a significant gap remains in adapting these models for resource-constrained devices with limited computational capabilities, such as drones and smartphones. In this paper, we introduce MobileH-Transformer, a novel hybrid model combining convolutional neural networks (CNN) and Transformer architectures for accurate leaf disease detection with minimal computation demands. The proposed model integrates the CNN component with a novel dual convolutional block offering the ability to extract diverse features and reduce the input size for the Transformer component. In addition, it leverages CNN’s local feature extraction and Transformer’s global dependency learning, resulting in better accuracy with less computation resource consumption. The evaluation results on public datasets show that our model achieves competitive F1-score values of 97.20% on the corn leaf disease and 96.80% on the subset of the PlantVillage datasets, surpassing recent studies with only 0.4 Giga Floating Point Operations (GFLOPs) and ensures real-time processing on mobile devices at 30.5 frames per second (FPS).
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