Crop Protection最新文献_第7页

Occurrence, molecular identification and phylogenetic analyses of viruses associated with garlic viral complex in Nepal 尼泊尔大蒜病毒复合体相关病毒的发生、分子鉴定和系统发育分析

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107103

Subhas Neupane , Hae-Ryun Kwak , Nabin Sharma Poudel , Nisha Rokaya , Ritesh Kumar Yadav , Sundar Man Shrestha , Hong-Soo Choi , Hira Kaji Manandhar

Garlic is a major spice crop in Nepal. A number of pathogens, including viruses, are known to cause economically important diseases in garlic. Garlic leaves showing leaf curl and mosaic symptoms and thirteen garlic accessions were collected from 12 districts. The accessions were planted under both the field and vector-free conditions. The leaf samples, collected directly from the fields and representative leaf samples from both field and vector-free growing conditions, were subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Species of Potyvirus [(onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV)], Carlavirus [(shallot latent virus (SLV) and garlic common latent virus (GarCLV)], and Allexivirus [garlic virus A, D, H, and X (GarV-A, -D, -H, and –X)] were detected in mixed infections. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that LYSV, OYDV, and GarCLV were closest to Indian isolates (including one LYSV isolate close to an Iranian isolate), SLV was close to Chinese isolates, and allexiviruses were close to Indian, Korean, and Chinese isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SLV, GarV-A, GarV-D, GarV-H, and GarV-X in Nepal. The findings warrant plant quarantine measures and concerted research for their effective management.

大蒜是尼泊尔主要的香料作物。许多病原体，包括病毒，已知会导致大蒜中的重要经济疾病。在12个地区采集到有卷叶和花叶症状的大蒜叶片和13个大蒜品种。在田间和无病媒条件下种植。采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）对直接从田间采集的叶片样品和大田和无载体生长条件下具有代表性的叶片样品进行分析。在混合感染中检测到马铃薯病毒（洋葱黄矮病毒（OYDV）和韭菜黄条病毒（LYSV））、大蒜病毒（葱潜伏病毒（SLV）和大蒜普通潜伏病毒（GarCLV））和大蒜病毒（大蒜病毒A、D、H和X (GarV-A、-D、-H和-X)）。序列和系统发育分析表明，LYSV、OYDV和GarCLV与印度分离株最接近（其中一个LYSV分离株与一个伊朗分离株接近），SLV与中国分离株最接近，而趋化病毒与印度、韩国和中国分离株最接近。据我们所知，这是尼泊尔首次报道SLV、GarV-A、GarV-D、GarV-H和GarV-X。研究结果表明，为有效管理植物检疫措施和协同研究是有必要的。

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引用次数: 0

Management of Helicoverpa armigera via plant-mediated RNA interference, progresses and challenges 植物介导的RNA干扰对棉铃虫的管理、进展和挑战

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107101

Mingming Jiang , Yao Zhang , Chuming Chen, Ludan He, Shengchun Li

Cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) is a major agricultural pest that causes significant yield losses of crop plants each year. In the past few decades, the potent approaches of H. armigera control, including chemical insecticides and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins, have been constrained due to health hazards, environmental contamination, and development of resistance, after their extensive application. Thus, there is need to find alternative strategies for H. armigera management. Expression of insect-targeted RNA interference (RNAi) constructs in host plants has emerged as one of such a novel and environment friendly strategies. However, various factors, such as highly active nucleases and high pH in the midgut, as well as failure of small interfering RNA to escape the endosome, lead to relatively low RNAi efficiency in lepidopteran insects. Although most plant-mediated RNAi experiments compromised insect development and growth of H. armigera, full protection of transgenic plants against H. armigera was not achieved and no commercially available product has yet been developed for H. armigera control. A clear understanding of the current status of RNAi utilization in H. armigera control is critical for improving its efficiency. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in plant-mediated RNAi for H. armigera control, including target gene selection, double stranded RNA or artificial microRNA expression from nuclear or plastid genome, and protection of RNAi molecules from degradation by nucleases. Additionally, we highlight factors influencing the efficacy of plant-mediated RNAi, and discuss the future research of this plant genetic engineering strategy for achieving effective management of H. armigera.

棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera, h bner）（鳞翅目夜蛾科）是一种主要的农业害虫，每年给农作物造成严重的产量损失。在过去的几十年里，包括化学杀虫剂和苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）毒素在内的有效方法在广泛应用后，由于健康危害、环境污染和耐药性的发展而受到限制。因此，有必要寻找替代策略来管理棉铃虫。昆虫靶向RNA干扰（RNAi）构建体在寄主植物中的表达已成为一种新颖且环境友好的策略。然而，鳞翅目昆虫的RNAi效率相对较低，主要是由于中肠中核酸酶活性高、pH值高，以及小干扰RNA无法逃离内体等因素。虽然大多数植物介导的RNAi实验损害了昆虫的发育和生长，但转基因植物对棉铃虫的完全保护并没有实现，目前还没有商业化的产品用于控制棉铃虫。清楚了解RNAi在棉铃虫防治中的应用现状是提高其应用效率的关键。本文综述了植物介导RNAi防治棉铃虫的研究进展，包括靶基因的选择、核或质体基因组双链RNA或人工microRNA的表达、RNAi分子不被核酸酶降解的保护等。此外，我们强调了影响植物介导的RNAi效能的因素，并讨论了该植物基因工程策略的未来研究，以实现对棉蚜的有效管理。

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引用次数: 0

Insecticide resistance status and vector potential of Bemisia tabaci populations on vegetable crops in Türkiye 浙江省蔬菜作物烟粉虱种群抗药性现状及媒介潜力

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107097

Arda İnak , Berke Demirci , Esengül Erdem , Filiz Randa-Zelyüt , Ali Karanfil , Ahmednur Yusuf Idan , Umut Toprak , Emre İnak , Thomas Van Leeuwen

The sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is an economically important polyphagous pest species with a global distribution. This pest not only causes direct damage by sucking plant phloem sap but also transmits viruses and excretes honeydew, which can lead to the formation of black sooty mould, thereby intensifying its significance in agricultural regions. Although chemical insecticides have been extensively used for whitefly control, the development of resistance leading to control failures has been frequently documented. Here, we have initially assessed the efficacy of four commonly used insecticides (acetamiprid, sulfoxaflor, spirotetramat, cyantraniliprole) against whitefly populations through greenhouse trials across eight distinct locations. Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive molecular screening of 35 field populations to identify resistance mutations at the insecticide target sites and to detect plant pathogenic viruses. The results revealed that sulfoxaflor and cyantraniliprole exhibited the highest efficacy against nymphal stages of whiteflies, whereas acetamiprid was determined to be the most effective insecticide against adult stages. Several well-known target-site mutations in acetylcholinesterase (F331W), voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC; M918L, L925I, T929V), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (A2083V) were found to be widespread in Turkish B. tabaci populations. Additionally, two mutations, I936V and I936F, previously associated with pyrethroid resistance, were identified for the first time in the VGSC of B. tabaci. Conversely, no amino acid substitutions were detected in the amplified fragments of the ryanodine and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Furthermore, tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) was detected in five field populations from Antalya. The widespread distribution of whitefly populations with multiple resistance mutations underscores the necessity of implementing integrated pest management programs in Turkish vegetable production areas.

甘薯粉虱（Gennadius, 1889）（半翅目：粉虱科）是一种具有重要经济意义的全球性多食性害虫。这种害虫不仅通过吸食植物韧皮部汁液造成直接危害，而且还传播病毒和分泌蜜露，导致黑烟霉的形成，从而加剧了其在农业地区的重要性。虽然化学杀虫剂已被广泛用于控制粉虱，但抗药性的发展导致控制失败的情况经常有记录。在这里，我们通过八个不同地点的温室试验，初步评估了四种常用杀虫剂（啶虫脒、亚砜、螺虫、氰虫）对白蝇种群的功效。此外，我们对35个田间种群进行了全面的分子筛选，以确定杀虫剂靶点的抗性突变并检测植物病原病毒。结果表明，亚砜和氰虫腈对粉虱若虫期的防效最高，而啶虫脒对成虫期的防效最高。乙酰胆碱酯酶（F331W）、电压门控钠通道(VGSC；M918L、L925I、T929V)和乙酰辅酶a羧化酶（A2083V）在土耳其烟粉虱种群中广泛存在。此外，在烟粉虱的VGSC中首次发现了两个先前与拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂抗性相关的突变I936V和I936F。相反，在ryanodine和烟碱乙酰胆碱受体扩增片段中未检测到氨基酸取代。此外，在安塔利亚的5个大田群体中检测到番茄褪绿病毒（ToCV）。具有多种抗性突变的白蝇种群的广泛分布强调了在土耳其蔬菜生产区实施综合虫害管理计划的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

First report of brown rot caused by Monilia yunnanensis on kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta) in China 云南念珠菌侵染猕猴桃褐腐病国内首次报道

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107102

Xiaoyan Yu , Zhenhua Zhao , Bowen Guo , Kuan Zhang , Jiayi Liu , Wenshuai Song , Hanxun Ju , Xiangjing Wang , Wensheng Xiang , Junwei Zhao

Kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta) is one of the most nutritious fruits in China, with edible and traditional medicinal values. Brown rot, caused by different species of Monilia, is a common and severe postharvest disease of fruit. In September and October 2023, kiwiberry brown rot was observed in several fruit supermarkets in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. Fungal isolates were obtained from the edges of lesions on fruit with typical symptoms and identified as M. yunnanensis on the basis of morphological characteristics (colonies and conidia) and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, TUB, and lcc2). Pathogenicity experiments showed that M. yunnanensis was able to infect kiwiberry fruit and cause symptoms of brown rot, demonstrating that M. yunnanensis was the causal agent of kiwiberry brown rot. In the present study, we reported for the first time that M. yunnanensis was the causative agent of kiwiberry brown rot, thus laying the foundation for the subsequent development of reasonable and effective postharvest fruit control measures.

猕猴桃（猕猴桃）是中国最有营养的水果之一，具有食用和传统药用价值。褐腐病是果实采后常见的严重病害，由不同种类的念珠菌引起。2023年9、10月在黑龙江省哈尔滨市多家水果超市发现猕猴桃褐腐病。从具有典型症状的果实损伤边缘分离得到真菌，根据菌落和分生孢子的形态特征和ITS、TUB和lcc2的多位点系统发育分析，鉴定为云南分枝杆菌。致病性实验表明，云南支原体能够侵染猕猴桃果实并引起褐腐病症状，表明云南支原体是猕猴桃褐腐病的致病因子。本研究首次报道了云南支原体是猕猴桃褐腐病的致病因子，为后续制定合理有效的采后果实防治措施奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing parasitism and suitability of three Trichogramma parasitoids Tuta (=Phthorimaea) absoluta (Meyrick) based on parasitoid and host ages 基于寄生蜂和寄主年龄评价三种赤眼蜂(Tuta （=Phthorimaea) absoluta (Meyrick)）的寄生性和适宜性

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107099

Zheng-Xiong Jiang , Shun-Wen Zhou , He-Min Yi , Ying Sun , Jin-Long Zhang , Guo-Hua Chen , Lu-Yi Du , Xiao-Ming Zhang

As a major invasive pest, Tuta (=Phthorimaea) absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) poses a substantial threat to tomato production. The use of egg parasitoids from the family Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera) has been identified as a potential biological option for controlling T. absoluta. Furthermore, these parasitoids demonstrate effectiveness in parasitizing and managing pests in outdoor settings. Thus, understanding the effects of parasitoid species and host age on Trichogramma parasitism of T. absoluta is crucial for ecological management in the region. This study aimed to assess the parasitism rates, emergence rates, and developmental dynamics of Trichogramma ostriniae, Trichogramma chilonis, and Trichogramma dendrolimi on T. absoluta eggs of different ages, as well as the parasitism ability of the three Trichogramma species at different ages, to determine their potential for controlling T. absoluta. The results demonstrated that both T. ostriniae and T. chilonis effectively parasitized T. absoluta eggs at all ages. However, as the age of T. absoluta eggs increased, there was a notable decrease in parasitic activity and emergence rates for all three Trichogramma species. Conversely, a proportional increase in total developmental duration was observed with the advancing age of T. absoluta eggs. Notably, when egg age reached 60 h, T. ostriniae and T. chilonis exhibited significantly higher emergence rates of 66.33% and 59.67%, respectively, compared to T. dendrolimi at 46.00%. Furthermore, the adult stage duration and female proportion of the three Trichogramma species remained unaffected by the age of T. absoluta eggs, with T. ostriniae showing superior performance to the other two Trichogramma species. Overall, these findings suggest that T. ostriniae demonstrates broad selective parasitism and host suitability for T. absoluta eggs, potentially positioning it as a dominant parasitoid for T. absoluta control in China.

绝对灰蛾（Phthorimaea absoluta）是一种重要的入侵害虫，对番茄生产造成严重威胁。利用赤眼蜂科（膜翅目）的卵类寄生蜂已被确定为一种潜在的生物防治方法。此外，这些类寄生虫在室外环境中寄生和管理害虫方面显示出有效性。因此，了解寄生蜂种类和寄主年龄对赤眼蜂寄生的影响，对该地区赤眼蜂的生态管理具有重要意义。本研究旨在评价玉米螟赤眼蜂、黄粉赤眼蜂和树突赤眼蜂对不同龄期绝对赤眼蜂卵的寄生率、羽化率和发育动态，以及不同龄期三种赤眼蜂的寄生能力，以确定其防治绝对赤眼蜂的潜力。结果表明，ostrinit和chilonis均能有效寄生在不同龄期的absolututa卵上。但随着卵龄的增加，三种赤眼蜂的寄生活性和羽化率均显著降低。相反，随着卵龄的增加，总发育时间成比例地增加。当卵龄达到60 h时，ostrinit和chilonis的羽化率分别为66.33%和59.67%，而denendrolimi的羽化率为46.00%。此外，三种赤眼蜂的成虫期和雌蜂比例不受绝对赤眼蜂卵龄的影响，其中玉米螟赤眼蜂表现优于其他两种赤眼蜂。综上所述，这些研究结果表明，玉米螟螟蛾具有广泛的寄生性和寄主适应性，可能使其成为中国控制绝对螟的优势寄生蜂。

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引用次数: 0

Reproductive and detoxifying responses of Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) to sulfoxaflor stress 柑桔全爪螨（螨目：叶螨科）对亚砜氟胁迫的生殖和解毒反应

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107100

Tianrong Xin, Xinyan Kong, Chenyu Jiang, Zhenzhen Li, Zhiwen Zou, Bin Xia

Panonychus citri, is a destructive pest in citrus orchards. The diversity of pests in citrus orchards leads to the improper pesticides application, and induced resistance may be an alternative mechanism for pest resurgence. In the present study, the acute toxicity of sulfoxaflor against P. citri adult females in leaf-dipping exposure experiment was determined at 24 h. Furthermore, the effects of sublethal (LC₃₀) and lethal (LC₅₀) concentrations of sulfoxaflor by the age-stage, two-sex life table approach were elucidated and these results revealed that the pre-adult period and the longevity of P. citri in the F₁ generation were decreased. Additionally, the fecundity, R₀ and r was significantly increased in the LC_30- treated group, while the fecundity, R₀ and λ of LC_50- treated group was decreased significantly. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels and activities of vitellogenin (Vg), vitellogenin receptor (VgR), carboxylesterases (CarE), glutathione-S-transferases (GST), and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450) were significantly different at the sulfoxaflor treatments as compared to the control. Importantly, silencing of the CYP392B6 gene by RNA interference altered adult females of P. citri sensitivity towards sulfoxaflor and resulted in a significant increase in CYP450 content. Therefore, all these results in this study will contribute to a comprehensive risk assessment of sulfoxaflor on P. citri resurgence and will provide a convincing reference for the understanding of the mechanisms of fecundity and metabolic resistance to sulfoxaflor.

柑橘全爪螨（Panonychus citri）是柑橘果园的一种破坏性害虫。柑桔园害虫的多样性导致施用不当，诱导抗性可能是害虫复生的另一种机制。本研究测定了亚砜对柑桔成虫雌虫浸叶暴露24 h后的急性毒性，并通过年龄期、两性寿命表法分析了亚砜浓度（LC30）和致死浓度（LC50）对柑桔成虫F1代前期和寿命的影响。LC30处理组的繁殖力、R0和r显著升高，LC50处理组的繁殖力、R0和λ显著降低。此外，与对照组相比，亚砜处理的卵黄原蛋白（Vg）、卵黄原蛋白受体（VgR）、羧酸酯酶（CarE）、谷胱甘肽- s转移酶（GST）和细胞色素P450单加氧酶（CYP450） mRNA表达量和活性均有显著差异。重要的是，通过RNA干扰沉默CYP392B6基因改变了成年雌性柑橘对亚砜的敏感性，导致CYP450含量显著增加。因此，本研究的结果将有助于全面评估亚砜对柑桔复生的风险，并为了解亚砜对柑桔繁殖力和代谢抗性的机制提供有说服力的参考。

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引用次数: 0

A comparative analysis of efficacy of machine learning techniques for disease detection in some economically important crops 机器学习技术在几种重要经济作物病害检测中的效果比较分析

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107093

Somya Rakesh Goyal , Vikrant Subhash Kulkarni , Rajpal Choudhary , Rohit Jain

Early diagnosis of plant diseases is essential for reducing crop losses and improving agricultural production. Plant diseases markedly diminish output and food supply, highlighting the critical necessity for effective diagnostic instruments. Leaf analysis is an effective technique for evaluating plant health, providing information on diseases and deficiencies. This research underscores the significance of machine learning (ML) in predicting plant diseases, utilising its capacity to analyse characteristics from leaf photos and categorize plants as healthy or ill.

This study presents 35 prediction models that integrate seven leading machine learning techniques—Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)—with five crop varieties: maize, apple, grapes, tomato, and bell pepper. An equitable crop selection strategy guarantees the inclusion of grains, fruits, and vegetables. The PlantVillage dataset is employed for model training and testing, with performance assessed by measures such as Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Measure, ROC, and AUC.

The Random Forest method demonstrated superior efficacy, with the greatest accuracy (91.8%), F1-Measure (91.4%), and AUC score (96.2%), surpassing SVM, KNN, and MLP. The Friedman test provided statistical support, affirming the trustworthiness of these findings. This study enhances the comprehension of machine learning applications in agriculture and establishes a comprehensive framework for the early diagnosis of plant diseases, therefore contributing to food security and sustainable agricultural practices.

植物病害的早期诊断对于减少作物损失和提高农业生产至关重要。植物病害显著减少产量和粮食供应，突出表明迫切需要有效的诊断工具。叶片分析是评价植物健康状况、提供病害和缺陷信息的有效技术。这项研究强调了机器学习（ML）在预测植物病害方面的重要性，利用其分析叶片照片特征的能力并将植物分类为健康或患病。

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引用次数: 0

Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum camelliae, the causal agent of leaf spot of Polygonatum odoratum in China 中国黄精叶斑病病原茶花炭疽菌的鉴定与特性研究

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107098

Rui Zhang , Yiyi Feng , Chun Wu , Ke He , Shaming Fu , Cheng Li

Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicines owing to its renown antioxidant, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. During surveys conducted in the Zhijin County, Bijie City, Guizhou Province in China, prominent yellow-brown spots were observed on the leaves of P. odoratum. These spots eventually led to the death of the entire plant as they expanded, thus affecting the yield and quality of P. odoratum. In this study, infected P. odoratum leaves were collected and, based on morphological characteristics and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) (actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, beta-tubulin, and the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA), Colletotrichum camalliae Massee was isolated and identified as the causal agent of the disease. This is the first study to investigate P. odoratum leaf infection by C. camelliae and is therefore, of great significance for this popular and highly valued medicinal plant; furthermore, it provides a sound theoretical basis for targeted control of the leaf spot disease.

黄精（磨）由于其著名的抗氧化、抗癌和抗糖尿病的特性，大麻在中药中被广泛使用。在贵州省毕节市织金县进行的调查中，发现有明显的黄褐色斑点。这些斑点随着它们的扩大，最终导致整株植物死亡，从而影响了香桐的产量和质量。本研究收集了受感染的香桐叶片，通过形态特征和多位点序列分型（MLST）（肌动蛋白、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶、β -微管蛋白和rDNA内部转录间隔区），分离出camalliae Massee，并确定其致病因子。这是首次研究山茶花对香桐叶片的侵染作用，对这一广受欢迎的药用植物具有重要意义。为叶斑病的定向防治提供了良好的理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

House sparrow damage to peppers in greenhouses can be decreased by reducing access 温室里的麻雀对辣椒的危害可以通过减少进出来减少

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107096

Rubén Tarifa , Jorge Garrido-Bautista , Manuel Soto-Cárdenas , José A. Hódar , Mariano Paracuellos

Greenhouses are one of the most intensified agricultural production systems and where the impact of insect pests has been studied the most, yet there is little information on bird pests affecting crops grown under plastic. To uncover potential conflicts between birds and farmers in southeast Spain, where the highest concentration of greenhouses in Global North is found, we surveyed local farmers to obtain information about the bird species most affecting their crops, the most common methods used to deter them and the crops most impacted by birds. Farmers identified the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) as the species that most affected their crops, especially pepper. Sealing the greenhouse and the use of (illegal) mist nets were the most common methods displayed to deter birds. We also assessed bird damage to pepper (Capsicum annuum, L. cv. Palermo) crops in 21 greenhouses and estimated the economic losses for farmers. Of the eleven species detected inside greenhouses, the house sparrow caused by far the most damage to pepper crops. Our estimates in sampled greenhouses predict economic losses of 1406.8 €/ha per annual pepper crop due to bird damage. Sealing greenhouses effectively prevented birds from entering greenhouses, in contrast to illegal mist netting. Finally, we revealed for the first time the widespread and illegal use of cats outside greenhouses to try to reduce bird populations. This would have negative consequences for the native wildlife living in and around greenhouses. Our findings underscore the need to invest more resources in control mechanisms that ensure the development of sustainable farming practices with bird communities.

温室是集约化程度最高的农业生产系统之一，也是对害虫影响研究最多的地方，但关于鸟类害虫影响塑料下作物的信息却很少。在全球北部温室最集中的西班牙东南部，为了揭示鸟类与农民之间的潜在冲突，我们对当地农民进行了调查，以获取影响其作物的鸟类种类、最常用的阻止鸟类的方法以及受鸟类影响最大的作物的信息。农民们认为家雀（Passer domesticus）是对他们的作物影响最大的物种，尤其是辣椒。封锁温室和使用（非法的）雾网是最常用的阻止鸟类的方法。我们还评估了鸟类对辣椒（Capsicum annuum， L. cv）的危害。在21个温室中种植作物，并估计了农民的经济损失。在温室内检测到的11种品种中，家雀对辣椒作物造成的危害最大。我们对取样的温室进行了估计，预计由于鸟类的破坏，每年胡椒作物的经济损失为1406.8欧元/公顷。与非法的雾网相比，封闭温室有效地阻止了鸟类进入温室。最后，我们首次揭露了在温室外广泛非法地使用猫来试图减少鸟类数量。这将对生活在温室内和周围的本地野生动物产生负面影响。我们的研究结果强调需要在控制机制上投入更多的资源，以确保鸟类群落的可持续农业实践的发展。

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引用次数: 0

First report of Fusarium proliferatum causing leaf blight of chilli (Capsicum annuum) in India 印度首次报道引起辣椒叶枯病的增殖镰刀菌

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107094

Subham Saha, Kumananda Tayung

Chilli (Capsicum annuum) is a globally cultivated perennial herbaceous plant highly valued for its culinary importance and nutritional richness. In February 2024, during routine surveillance for diseases in solanaceous crops, a disease with leaf blight symptoms was observed on chilli in a plantation area in Dhubri district of Assam, India. The diseased symptom was characterized by small brown lesions along the leaf margins, which progressively merged into larger necrotic blights causing the leaves to turn brown and wither. The causal organism isolated from the infected plants was identified as Fusarium proliferatum both by morphological and molecular analysis. Koch's postulates also confirmed F. proliferatum to be the causative agent. To best of our knowledge this is the first report of F. proliferatum causing leaf blight disease on chilli (Capsicum annuum) in India.

辣椒（Capsicum annuum）是一种全球种植的多年生草本植物，因其烹饪重要性和营养丰富而备受重视。2024年2月，在对茄类作物疾病的常规监测期间，在印度阿萨姆邦杜布里地区的一个种植区内，在辣椒上观察到一种具有叶枯病症状的疾病。患病症状的特征是沿叶边缘的小棕色病变，逐渐合并成较大的坏死性枯萎病，导致叶子变成棕色和枯萎。从侵染植物中分离到的病原菌经形态学和分子分析鉴定为增殖镰刀菌。科赫的假设也证实了F. proliferatum是致病因子。据我们所知，这是在印度报道的引起辣椒（Capsicum annuum）叶枯病的F. proliferatum。

引用次数: 0