Crop Protection最新文献_第3页

Acaricidal activity and efficacy of oxymatrine-based biopesticide against peanut red spider mite 氧化苦参碱类生物农药对花生红蜘蛛螨的杀螨活性及药效研究

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107121

Odimar Zanuzo Zanardi , Felipe Belegante , Camila Moresco , Tiago Miqueloto , Mateus Tramontin , Aquidauana Miqueloto Zanardi

The acaricidal activity and efficacy of oxymatrine-based commercial biopesticide on the peanut red spider mite Tetranychus ogmophallos Ferreira and Flechtmann, 1997 were assessed under laboratory, semi-field, and field conditions. In the laboratory, the oxymatrine-based biopesticide provided high acute toxicity for T. ogmophallos larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs, and adult females, in a manner dependent on the concentration, developmental stage, and exposure time of mites to residues. Among the mite developmental stages, T. ogmophallos larvae were more susceptible to the biopesticide than adult females. The biopesticide also reduced fecundity and fertility, induced a low ovicidal effect, and provided a high repellent activity against T. ogmophallos. In semi-field, the biopesticide showed a short biological persistence [mortality >80% up to 1 day after spraying (DAS)] compared to the synthetic acaricide fenpropathrin (mortality >80% up to 3 DAS). At 7 and 10 DAS, no significant mite mortality was observed on peanut plants treated with biopesticide compared to the control. However, the synthetic acaricide fenpropathrin caused mortality greater than 40% up to 10 DAS. In the field, the biopesticide showed high effectiveness in controlling the mite population, with a similar efficacy to the synthetic acaricide fenpropathrin. Therefore, the oxymatrine-based biopesticide constitutes an important management tool to be used in rotation with synthetic acaricides for population suppression of T. ogmophallos in conventional peanut crops or as an effective measure for controlling peanut red spider mite in organic peanut crops.

在室内、半田间和田间条件下，评价了氧化苦素类商品生物农药对1997年花生赤蜘蛛螨的杀螨活性和杀螨效果。在实验室中，以氧化苦藤碱为基础的生物农药对臭毛螨幼虫、原幼螨、双染螨和成年雌螨具有较高的急性毒性，其毒性程度取决于螨虫的浓度、发育阶段和暴露于残留物的时间。在不同发育阶段，异色螨幼虫对生物农药的敏感性高于成虫。该生物农药还能降低昆虫的繁殖力和育性，诱导较低的杀卵效果，并具有较高的驱避活性。在半田间试验中，与合成杀螨剂甲氰菊酯相比，该生物农药具有较短的生物持久性[在喷洒后1天内死亡率为80%](DAS)，在喷洒后3天内死亡率为80%)。在7和10 DAS时，与对照相比，施用生物农药的花生植株上未观察到明显的螨虫死亡率。然而，合成杀螨剂甲氰菊酯的死亡率高达40%至10das。在田间试验中，生物农药对螨的控制效果较好，与合成杀螨剂甲氰菊酯的控制效果相当。因此，氧化苦参碱类生物农药可与合成杀螨剂轮作使用，作为常规花生作物中抑虫或有机花生作物中防治花生红蜘蛛螨的有效措施。

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引用次数: 0

Papaya latex and papain as promising solutions for the management of Meloidogyne javanica associated with tomato plants

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107122

Letícia L. de Paula , Vicente P. Campos , Willian C. Terra , Daniele de Brum , Paulo V.M. Pacheco , Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares

Nematodes from the Meloidogyne genus present a major challenge to agricultural progress, requiring control methods that are environmentally safe and human friendly. This study assessed the nematicidal effects of papaya latex and papain, both in vitro and in vivo, on tomato plants, targeting second-stage juveniles (J2s) and eggs of Meloidogyne javanica. The results demonstrated that papaya latex effectively increased J2 mortality, reaching 100% at the highest concentration (1%). In contrast, papain resulted in a maximum J2 mortality of 72% at its highest concentration (3.5%). Additionally, papaya latex consistently inhibited egg hatching, with an average reduction of 45% in the first experiment and reductions of 39% and 61.9% in the second experiment at concentrations of 1.5% and 3%, respectively. Similarly, papain suppressed egg hatching at all concentrations, leading to an average reduction of 44% in the first experiment and 55% in the second. In the first replication of the in vivo experiment with tomato plants, the highest concentration of papaya latex (4%) reduced M. javanica infectivity by 68% and reproduction by 89%. In the second experiment, this concentration reduced infectivity by 70% and reproduction by 80%. For papain, infectivity was reduced by 55% in the first experiment and 40% in the second. While reproduction did not differ significantly between treatments and the control in the first experiment, it decreased by 30% in the second. Further experiments showed that both papaya latex and papain effectively activated the plant defense system in tomato. Overall, these findings add to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of natural compounds for sustainable nematode management.

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引用次数: 0

First report of Pestalotiopsis clavata, P. chamaeropis and P. lushanensis causing shoot blight on Cedrus deodara in China clavata拟盘多毛孢、chamaeropis拟盘多毛孢和芦山拟盘多毛孢在中国引起雪松梢枯病的首次报道

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107119

Lin Rui , Wei-Liang Kong , Jian-Ren Ye , Xiao-Qin Wu

Cedrus deodara, a tree species native to the slopes of the Himalayas, has been widely cultivated for timber and ornamental purpose in China. In September 2024, blight shoots of C. deodara were commonly noticed in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China, with an incidence rate of 67%. This disease reduces not only the growth but also the ornamental and economic value of affected C. deodara. Disease symptoms displayed as yellow brown and easily detached needles, even causing entire young shoots become dry and withered. To determine this leaf spot disease, morphological identification, multi-locus sequence analyses and pathogenicity test were performed. The results showed that the pathogens were Pestalotiopsis clavata, P. chamaeropis and P. lushanensis and this is the first report of the three species causing shoot blight on C. deodara in China. This study contributes to identify and control shoot blight on C. deodara, providing reference basis.

雪松（cedus deodara）是一种原产于喜马拉雅山脉山坡的树种，在中国被广泛种植，用于木材和观赏用途。2024年9月，中国江苏省南京市常见病发白僵苗，发病率为67%。此病不仅降低了受影响的木蠹的生长，而且降低了其观赏价值和经济价值。疾病症状表现为黄褐色和容易脱落的针叶，甚至导致整个幼芽变得干燥和枯萎。通过形态学鉴定、多位点序列分析和致病性试验确定了该叶斑病。结果表明，三种病原菌分别为克拉瓦拟盘多毛孢、chamaeropis拟盘多毛孢和芦山拟盘多毛孢，这是国内首次报道的三种病原菌。本研究可为白僵菌的鉴定和防治提供参考依据。

引用次数: 0

Hybrid architecture for crop detection and leaf disease detection with improved U-Net segmentation model and image processing

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107117

Pramod Chavan , Pratibha Pramod Chavan , Anupama Chavan

Agriculture stands as a cornerstone of India's economy, supporting the livelihoods of millions and feeding a vast population. Enhancing crop production is imperative, given the substantial portion of land dedicated to agriculture. However, the multifaceted nature of farming, influenced by variables like soil composition, climate, and diseases, poses significant challenges. Embracing technological advancements is pivotal to augmenting crop yields and ensuring sustainable agricultural practices. This study introduces an innovative hybrid architecture that addresses significant challenges in agriculture by identifying leaf diseases and detecting crops using deep learning and sophisticated image-processing techniques. Here, the proposed model comprises two phases namely, Crop Prediction and Leaf Disease Identification. To improve its suitability for analysis, the input image is first preprocessed. An improved U-Net segmentation algorithm has been employed to identify areas of interest in the image. Features pertinent to shape, color, and texture, including an enhanced Local Gabor XOR pattern (LGXP), are then extracted to capture comprehensive information about the crops and potential diseases. The core of our approach lies in a hybrid architecture, integrating elements of Improved Linknet and LeNet architectures. This model first determines the kind of crop in the image by using features that have been extracted. In the following step, deep features and statistical characteristics extracted from the segmented image are used to identify numerous prevalent diseases affecting the foliage. Implemented in Python, our approach is rigorously evaluated against conventional models, showcasing superior performance across various metrics. Consequently, the model has achieved a higher detection accuracy of 0.982 and the F-measure of about 0.956, indicating that the model operates better and identifies the leaf disease more successfully than other existing techniques. This research endeavours to empower farmers with actionable insights, fostering smarter agricultural practices and contributing to food security and economic prosperity.

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引用次数: 0

Cyantraniliprole-induced intergenerational sublethal effects on fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda 氰氨酰胺诱导的秋粘虫代际亚致死效应

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107116

Arzlan Abbas , Ali Hasnain , Faisal Hafeez , Wu Hai Chao , Dong Yu Hua , Aleena Alam , Sohail Abbas , Ayesha Iftikhar , Hamed A. Ghramh , Khalid Ali Khan , Farman Ullah , Chen Ri Zhao

Cyantraniliprole is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide commonly used against fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda; however, sublethal exposure of cyantraniliprole on different generations of S. frugiperda, has not been fully studied. This proposed study aimed to estimate the sublethal effects of cyantraniliprole on the biological and demographic parameters of parental generation (F₀) and intergenerational effects on the offspring generation (F₁) of S. frugiperda using Age-stage, two-sex life table software. The bioassay result proved the strong toxicity of cyantraniliprole toward S. frugiperda, as demonstrated by an LC₅₀ value of 0.439 mg/kg after 96 h treatment. The larval duration of F₀ S. frugiperda significantly increased when treated with the low lethal (LC₃₀) and sublethal (LC₁₀) concentrations of cyantraniliprole. Adult longevities were decreased while pupal duration was increased in the treated groups. The adult preoviposition period (APOP) and total preoviposition period (TPOP) were higher in the treated groups compared to the control. Moreover, the fecundity was significantly decreased at the LC₁₀ and LC₃₀ in the F₀ and F₁ generations, respectively. For the F₀ generation, the relative fitness (R_f) for the LC₁₀ and LC₃₀ were 0.45 and 0.32, while for the F₁ generation, the values were 0.65 and 0.48, respectively. In summary, our results showed that life table characteristics of S. frugiperda were negatively affected by LC₁₀ and LC₃₀ of cyantraniliprole, ultimately inhibiting population growth. These findings may be crucial for understanding the overall impact of cyantraniliprole on the life-history traits of S. frugiperda, potentially aiding in the management of this invasive pest in open-field conditions.

氰胺虫胺是一种新型的用于防治秋粘虫（Spodoptera frugiperda）的杀虫剂；然而，对不同代frugiperda的亚致死暴露氰氨虫尚无充分的研究。本研究旨在利用年龄-分期、两性生命表软件，评估氰氨酰丙烯对frugiperda亲代（F0）生物学和人口统计学参数的亚致死效应，以及对子代（F1）的代际效应。生物测定结果表明，氰氨虫胺对果螨的毒性较强，处理96 h后LC50值为0.439 mg/kg。F0S的幼虫期。低致死浓度（LC30）和亚致死浓度（LC10）处理后，frugiperda显著增加。处理组成虫寿命缩短，蛹期延长。处理组成虫产卵前期（APOP）和总产卵前期（TPOP）均高于对照组。F0代和F1代的繁殖力分别在LC10和LC30处显著降低。F0代LC10和LC30的相对适合度（Rf）分别为0.45和0.32，F1代的相对适合度分别为0.65和0.48。综上所述，氰氨酰胺的LC10和LC30均对frugiperda的生命表特性产生了负面影响，最终抑制了种群的生长。这些发现可能对了解氰氨酰胺对frugiperda生命史特征的总体影响至关重要，可能有助于在开放条件下管理这种入侵害虫。

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引用次数: 0

Can available scientific information be mobilised to ensure the efficacy of microbial biocontrol agents against plant diseases in the field?

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107115

Thomas Pressecq , Philippe C. Nicot , Jean François Bourgeay , Aurélie Rousselin , Claire Goillon , Marc Tchamitchian , Marc Bardin

Microbial biocontrol agents are a promising option for reducing the use of chemicals in agriculture. Due to their characteristics as living organisms, their deployment is more complex than the application of chemicals and could result in the variability of their efficacy in the field, thus hindering their adoption. Taking this complexity into account would make their use more reliable. But is information about efficacy factors sufficiently well documented in peer-reviewed scientific articles to foster their optimal use by farmers against plant diseases?

To answer such question, a literature review was carried out to gather in a dedicated database the information published on the biotic and abiotic factors that can modulate the protective efficacy of microbial biocontrol agents, including their biological properties, those of plant pathogens, and the characteristics of cropping systems. This review was focused on scientific publications relating to biocontrol agent strains authorized in Europe.

An analysis of the database revealed that published information is rather limited for almost all biocontrol agents. The shortage of data was particularly striking for the use of biocontrol agents under field conditions. A focus on strains of Bacillus sp. and Trichoderma sp. revealed that even for those two most studied genera of biocontrol agents, information is highly patchy. Efficacy factors have been studied only on a few crops against a few of their target pathogens. Furthermore, only a small part of the available information was relevant for the use of those strains in a commercial situation. This highlights the need for further research into efficacy factors in order to produce data that can be used to improve the efficacy of biocontrol agents in the field.

{"title":"Can available scientific information be mobilised to ensure the efficacy of microbial biocontrol agents against plant diseases in the field?","authors":"Thomas Pressecq , Philippe C. Nicot , Jean François Bourgeay , Aurélie Rousselin , Claire Goillon , Marc Tchamitchian , Marc Bardin","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial biocontrol agents are a promising option for reducing the use of chemicals in agriculture. Due to their characteristics as living organisms, their deployment is more complex than the application of chemicals and could result in the variability of their efficacy in the field, thus hindering their adoption. Taking this complexity into account would make their use more reliable. But is information about efficacy factors sufficiently well documented in peer-reviewed scientific articles to foster their optimal use by farmers against plant diseases?</div><div>To answer such question, a literature review was carried out to gather in a dedicated database the information published on the biotic and abiotic factors that can modulate the protective efficacy of microbial biocontrol agents, including their biological properties, those of plant pathogens, and the characteristics of cropping systems. This review was focused on scientific publications relating to biocontrol agent strains authorized in Europe.</div><div>An analysis of the database revealed that published information is rather limited for almost all biocontrol agents. The shortage of data was particularly striking for the use of biocontrol agents under field conditions. A focus on strains of <em>Bacillus</em> sp. and <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. revealed that even for those two most studied genera of biocontrol agents, information is highly patchy. Efficacy factors have been studied only on a few crops against a few of their target pathogens. Furthermore, only a small part of the available information was relevant for the use of those strains in a commercial situation. This highlights the need for further research into efficacy factors in order to produce data that can be used to improve the efficacy of biocontrol agents in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Agricultural biocontrol potential of bacterial volatile organic compounds (bVOCs) for enhanced crop protection 细菌性挥发性有机化合物（bVOCs）对加强作物保护的农业生物防治潜力

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107114

Kaouthar Loubna El Bey , Abderrahim Aasfar , Imane Bennis , Karim El Fakhouri , Ahmed-Seid Kemal , Mustapha El Bouhssini , Issam Meftah Kadmiri

Plant diseases and insect pests present significant challenges to agricultural productivity, while nutritional deficiencies impede plant growth. Recent research has focused on plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), which regulate soil microbial populations and play an important role in geochemical nutrient cycles. Among the emerging strategies, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by soil and plant microbiota offer promising eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides, with potential applications in disease control, growth promotion, and stress resistance.

This review explores the diverse applications of bacterial volatile organic compounds (bVOCs) in agriculture, detailing the progression from understanding their composition to their practical implementation in the field. Emphasizing their environmentally friendly nature, bVOCs have shown efficacy in controlling pathogenic fungi and insects, inducing plant stress resistance, and promoting growth. Furthermore, leveraging VOC-'omics approaches can help unravel the complexities of bacterial volatile metabolites and their pathways, providing unique insights into their biocontrol mechanisms. This knowledge paves the way for developing innovative biological solutions to enhance sustainability in agriculture. Additionally, the review analyzes recent patent trends, showcasing notable inventions in bVOCs technologies and formulations, over the past decade. However, despite these advancements, challenges such as high processing costs and lengthy screening procedures remain significant barriers to widespread adoption. Overcoming these obstacles and ensuring plant quality through continued research are crucial for accelerating the integration of VOCs into mainstream agricultural practices.

植物病虫害对农业生产力构成重大挑战，而营养缺乏又阻碍植物生长。促进植物生长的根瘤菌（rhizobacteria， PGPR）调控土壤微生物数量，在地球化学养分循环中发挥重要作用。在新兴的策略中，土壤和植物微生物群产生的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）是合成农药的有前途的环保替代品，在疾病控制、促进生长和抗逆性方面具有潜在的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Pestalotiopsis trachycarpicola, a new pathogen of Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) leaf spot disease in China 中国花椒（Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.）叶斑病新病原拟盘多毛孢

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107113

Kexin Cheng , Hong Zhang , Yan Zeng , Kunmin Yu , Yulan Jiang

Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its significant economic and ecological values. However, with increasing acreage, diseases of this crop are becoming more frequent and severe, threatening yield and quality. Leaf spot is a common disease affecting this crop. In October 2022, leaf spots of Chinese prickly ash plants were found in many plantations in Zhenfeng County, Guizhou Province, China, with symptoms of suborbicular or oblong brownish-red lesions and black edges, occurring at an incidence of 17%. In the face of this problem, the aim of this study was to identify the causal agent associated with this symptom. The causal agent was identified as Pestalotiopsis trachycarpicola Y.M. Zhang & K.D. Hyde by morphological characteristics, molecular systematics of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), β-tubulin (tub2), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α) genes sequences, and pathogenicity test. As far as we know, this is the first report of P. trachycarpicola causing leaf spot disease on Chinese prickly ash in China. This study provides valuable information for developing management strategies to control this disease on Chinese prickly ash.

花椒（Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.）具有重要的经济和生态价值，广泛种植于热带和亚热带地区。但随着种植面积的增加，病害日益频繁和严重，严重威胁着产量和品质。叶斑病是影响这种作物的一种常见病害。2022年10月，中国贵州省贞丰县多处人工林发现花椒叶斑病，症状为近圆形或长方形棕红色病变，边缘呈黑色，发病率为17%。面对这一问题，本研究的目的是确定与这一症状相关的因果因素。病原鉴定为拟盘多毛孢（Pestalotiopsis trachycarpicola）；通过形态特征、内部转录间隔区（ITS）、β-微管蛋白（tub2）和翻译伸长因子1-α (tef1-α)基因序列的分子系统分析，并进行致病性检测。据我们所知，这是国内首次报道的引起花椒叶斑病的P. trachycarpicola。本研究为制定花椒病害的防治策略提供了有价值的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Jute under siege: A deep dive into stem rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. 身陷囹圄的黄麻：深究由黄麻大霉病（Tassi）引起的茎腐病。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107112

Kunal Mandal , Subhojit Datta , R.K. De , S.K. Sarkar

Jute stem rot disease, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, presents a multifaceted challenge to jute cultivation. While diseases caused by this pathogen have been reviewed extensively in several other crops, a dedicated examination of its impact on jute (Corchorus capsularis and C. olitorius) is long overdue. Continued research and innovation in disease management will be crucial for ensuring the prosperity of this important fibre crop. We present here various aspects of the jute stem rot disease, including its history, epidemiology, molecular basis of host resistance and multipronged management strategies. One of the key takeaways from this review is the importance of host resistance. Although jute lines with complete resistance to JSR are yet to be identified, several moderately resistant cultivars have shown promise in reducing disease incidence. The review underscores the value of emerging areas of research viz. nano-pesticides, genetic engineering in developing an integrated disease management approach for jute stem rot. Based on the current knowledge, we propose a model for the interaction between jute and M. phaseolina that aims to shed light on the dynamic relationship between them. As the agricultural landscape continues to evolve, the insights and strategies discussed in this review provide a foundation for sustainable and resilient jute cultivation in the face of challenges posed by stem rot disease.

由黄麻茎腐病（Macrophomina phaseolina）引起的黄麻茎腐病给黄麻种植带来了多方面的挑战。虽然这种病原体引起的病害已在其他几种作物上广泛报道，但对其对黄麻（Corchorus capsularis 和 C. olitorius）影响的专门研究却迟迟没有进行。病害管理方面的持续研究和创新对于确保这一重要纤维作物的繁荣至关重要。我们在此介绍黄麻茎腐病的各个方面，包括其历史、流行病学、宿主抗性的分子基础和多管齐下的管理策略。本综述的主要结论之一是宿主抗性的重要性。虽然对 JSR 具有完全抗性的黄麻品系尚未确定，但一些具有中等抗性的栽培品种已显示出降低病害发生率的前景。本综述强调了纳米杀虫剂、基因工程等新兴研究领域在开发黄麻茎腐病综合病害管理方法方面的价值。基于现有知识，我们提出了黄麻与相思豆之间的相互作用模型，旨在阐明两者之间的动态关系。随着农业格局的不断演变，本综述中讨论的见解和策略为黄麻种植在面对茎腐病带来的挑战时实现可持续发展和恢复能力奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

In vitro sensitivity and field effectiveness of synthetic and plant-based fungicides against dragon fruit canker caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum 人工合成杀菌剂和植物基杀菌剂对龙果溃疡病的体外敏感性和田间药效比较

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107111

Pamela Suellen Salvador Dutra, Yi Huang, Tiago De Paula Lelis, Romina Gazis, Jonathan H. Crane, Shouan Zhang

Dragon Fruit Canker (DFC), caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, threatens the profitability of the dragon fruit industry worldwide. In the U.S., the number of fungicides registered for this crop is limited, challenging the effective control of DFC, particularly in South Florida, where frequent outbreaks occur. This study evaluated the in vitro sensitivity of N. dimidiatum isolates to 13 synthetic and four plant-based fungicides and assessed the efficacy of the most promising candidates on detached fruit and in field trials. The synthetic fungicides fluazinam, fludioxonil, difenoconazole, propiconazole, tebuconazole, and azoxystrobin had the lowest effective concentration values (EC₅₀), ranging from 0.01 μg/ml to 1.48 μg/ml, indicating strong inhibition of mycelial growth in vitro at minimal concentrations. In contrast, the plant-based fungicides thyme oil and garlic oil demonstrated higher EC₅₀ values (35.38 μg/ml and 37.10 μg/ml, respectively) and proved ineffective in preventing DFC symptoms in detached fruit assays. Tebuconazole was one of the most effective chemicals in detached fruit assays, with over 95% efficacy in controlling DFC, but its effectiveness decreased to 50% in the field. Field trials revealed that fluazinam was the most effective fungicide tested, reducing DFC severity in fruits by 93%. Fungicide effectiveness was lower on stems than fruits, with none exceeding 65% efficacy in the field. This is the first study to investigate the sensitivity of N. dimidiatum isolates to multiple fungicides in the U.S. Given its superior performance in field trials, fluazinam is a promising candidate for DFC control and should be considered further for registration in the country.

火龙果溃疡病（DFC）是由新锡塔菌（Neoscytalidium dimidiatum）引起的，威胁着全球火龙果产业的盈利能力。在美国，为这种作物登记的杀菌剂数量有限，对DFC的有效控制提出了挑战，特别是在经常发生疫情的南佛罗里达州。本研究评估了N. dimidiatum分离物对13种合成杀菌剂和4种植物基杀菌剂的体外敏感性，并评估了最有希望的候选杀菌剂对离体果实和田间试验的效果。合成杀菌剂氟西那姆、氟嘧唑尼、二苯唑康唑、丙环康唑、戊唑康唑和嘧菌酯的有效浓度最低（EC50），范围为0.01 ~ 1.48 μg/ml，表明在较低浓度下对体外菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用。相比之下，植物基杀菌剂百里香油和大蒜油的EC50值更高（分别为35.38 μg/ml和37.10 μg/ml），在离体水果试验中对DFC症状的预防效果较差。替布康唑是离体水果试验中最有效的药剂之一，对DFC的防治效果在95%以上，但在田间的防治效果降至50%。田间试验表明，氟嗪南是试验中最有效的杀菌剂，可将水果中的DFC严重程度降低93%。杀真菌剂在茎上的药效低于果实，田间药效均不超过65%。这是第一个在美国调查双翅状芽孢杆菌对多种杀菌剂敏感性的研究。鉴于其在田间试验中的优异表现，氟嗪南是一种很有前途的DFC控制候选者，应该进一步考虑在美国注册。

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引用次数: 0