Crop Protection最新文献_第3页

Effects of spring wheat cultivar resistance on leaf and Fusarium head blight diseases and deoxynivalenol content in Lithuania 立陶宛春小麦品种对叶片和赤霉病及脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇含量的影响

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107546

Jūratė Ramanauskienė, Roma Semaškienė, Akvilė Jonavičienė, Yuliia Kochiieru, Eimantas Venslovas, Karolina Lavrukaitė, Mohammad Almogdad, Aurimas Sabeckis

Fungal diseases represent a major threat to wheat, causing significant quantitative and qualitative grain yield losses. The use of fungicides is an important factor that provides a high level of disease control, helps increase crop yields, and ensures stability of production, but environmental and health risks necessitate foundational strategies for fungal disease management. One of them could be use of resistant cultivars. A field experiment was conducted over four growing seasons (2016–2019). Six spring wheat cultivars were evaluated to assess the effects of cultivar resistance on disease severity. Cultivar resistance significantly influenced disease outcomes: powdery mildew area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values ranged from 68.04 to 342.28, while tan spot ranged from 45.03 to 163.44. These results showed that the choice of less susceptible varieties could significantly reduce disease severity by 72.4–80.1 %. Fusarium head blight indexes (FHBi) ranged from 0.03 to 13.62 %, showing a 99.8 % difference between extreme cultivars. A moderate positive correlation (p < 0.01) was observed between the FHBi and the percentage of Fusarium-infected kernels (FIK), while FIK and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination showed only weak correlation. The effectiveness of fungicides varied by cultivar, with sensitive cultivars showing higher yield responses (+24.6 %) than disease resistant cultivars (+13.5 %). These results demonstrate that strategic cultivar selection can substantially reduce disease impact while optimizing chemical inputs.

真菌病害是小麦面临的主要威胁，在数量和质量上造成重大的粮食产量损失。杀菌剂的使用是提供高水平疾病控制、有助于提高作物产量和确保生产稳定的一个重要因素，但环境和健康风险需要真菌疾病管理的基础战略。其中之一可能是使用抗性品种。在四个生长季节（2016-2019）进行了田间试验。以6个春小麦品种为研究对象，评价了品种抗性对病害严重程度的影响。品种抗性显著影响病害结果：白粉病进展曲线下面积（AUDPC）值为68.04 ~ 342.28，褐斑病为45.03 ~ 163.44。结果表明，选择易感程度较低的品种，可显著降低病害严重程度72.4 ~ 80.1%。赤霉病指数（FHBi）为0.03% ~ 13.62%，极端品种间差异达99.8%。FHBi与镰刀菌侵染率（FIK）呈中等正相关（p < 0.01），而FIK与脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇（DON）侵染率呈弱相关。不同品种杀菌剂的效果不同，敏感品种的产量响应（+ 24.6%）高于抗病品种（+ 13.5%）。这些结果表明，战略性的品种选择可以在优化化学投入的同时大大减少病害的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Trends in mathematical modeling of Lobesia botrana growth and voltinism: A comparative review 植物藤本植物生长和伏伏性数学模型的发展趋势：比较综述

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107542

Estefania Aguirre-Zapata , Humberto Morales , Fernando di Sciascio , Adriana N. Amicarelli

Mathematical models are essential tools for understanding and predicting the development of insect pests under variable environmental conditions. In the case of Lobesia botrana, several modeling approaches have been proposed over the past few decades, ranging from empirical models based on thermal sums to mechanistic formulations (first-principles-based models) that incorporate physiological age, photoperiod, and host phenology. This review examines the primary modeling strategies developed for this species, highlighting conceptual advances, limitations, and areas where further integration is required. This paper examines how these models represent temperature-driven development, mortality, and stage transitions, as well as how they address biological processes such as overlapping generations, environmental plasticity, and developmental thresholds. It also highlights the challenges of transferring models between regions with different climatic and phenological conditions. As a case study, we compare the predictions of four representative models using capture data from a vineyard in the southern hemisphere for the 2020–2021 season. The results show that model performance depends not only on structure or complexity, but on the capacity to integrate biological knowledge in a modular and interpretable way. The importance of flexible easily applicable modeling frameworks that allow for adaptation to local conditions and enable transparent, ecologically and economically meaningful pest predictions is emphasized.

数学模型是了解和预测害虫在不同环境条件下发展的重要工具。在过去的几十年里，已经提出了几种建模方法，从基于热和的经验模型到结合生理年龄、光周期和寄主物候的机制公式（基于第一性原理的模型）。本文回顾了为该物种开发的主要建模策略，强调了概念上的进展、限制和需要进一步整合的领域。本文探讨了这些模型如何代表温度驱动的发育、死亡率和阶段转变，以及它们如何解决诸如重叠世代、环境可塑性和发育阈值等生物过程。它还强调了在具有不同气候和物候条件的区域之间转移模式的挑战。作为一个案例研究，我们比较了四个代表性模型的预测，这些模型使用了南半球一个葡萄园在2020-2021季节的捕获数据。结果表明，模型的性能不仅取决于结构或复杂性，还取决于以模块化和可解释的方式整合生物知识的能力。强调灵活、易于应用的建模框架的重要性，使其能够适应当地条件，并实现透明、具有生态和经济意义的有害生物预测。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing artificial diet and susceptibility of Mexican corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera zeae Krysan & Smith) larvae to Gpp34Ab1/Tpp35Ab1 protein 人工饲料对墨西哥玉米根虫（Diabrotica virgifera zeae Krysan & Smith）幼虫对Gpp34Ab1/Tpp35Ab1蛋白敏感性的研究

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107544

Dalton C. Ludwick , David L. Kerns , Bruce E. Hibbard , Man P. Huynh

Mexican corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera zeae (Krysan & Smith), and western corn rootworm, D. v. virgifera LeConte, are both subspecies of D. virgifera. Knowledge of Mexican corn rootworm is extremely limited and biological and management assumptions for it, including resistance management programs, are based on western corn rootworm. To better understand the degree of similarity to western corn rootworm and potential management options, Mexican corn rootworm from a Texas field population were exposed to different transgenic corn hybrids, reared on an artificial diet designed for western corn rootworm, and tested for their response to varying doses of Gpp34Ab1/Tpp35Ab1. The results of the field test revealed corn hybrids that contained a single Cry protein were less protected than hybrids expressing two or more proteins with the most protection provided by a hybrid expressing two Cry toxins and a double-stranded RNA (dvSnf7). Mexican corn rootworm larvae grew normally on the artificial diet, though they ultimately weighed less when compared to western corn rootworm larvae. Lastly, Mexican corn rootworm larvae from this population were significantly less susceptible to Gpp34Ab1/Tpp35Ab1 than a susceptible western corn rootworm colony, but the insects responded similarly in terms of weight inhibition. Together, the field and diet toxicity data suggest that the Texas field population of Mexican corn rootworm was tolerant to Gpp34Ab1/Tpp35Ab1 and likely the other Cry proteins designed to control corn rootworms. Currently, fields with similar issues to this situation should incorporate a pyramided corn hybrid expressing dsRNA and Bt proteins.

墨西哥玉米根虫，Diabrotica virgifera zeae (Krysan & Smith)，和西方玉米根虫，d.v. virgifera LeConte，都是玉米根虫的亚种。对墨西哥玉米根虫的了解非常有限，其生物学和管理假设，包括抗性管理计划，都是基于西方玉米根虫。为了更好地了解玉米根虫与西部玉米根虫的相似程度和潜在的管理方案，研究人员将来自德克萨斯州田间群体的墨西哥玉米根虫暴露于不同的转基因玉米杂交品种中，并用为西部玉米根虫设计的人工饲料饲养，并测试了它们对不同剂量Gpp34Ab1/Tpp35Ab1的反应。田间试验结果表明，含有单一Cry蛋白的玉米杂杂种的保护作用低于表达两种或两种以上蛋白质的杂杂种，其中表达两种Cry毒素和双链RNA （dvSnf7）的杂杂种提供的保护作用最大。墨西哥玉米根虫幼虫在人工饲料中生长正常，尽管它们最终的体重比西方玉米根虫幼虫要轻。最后，该群体的墨西哥玉米根虫幼虫对Gpp34Ab1/Tpp35Ab1的敏感性明显低于西方玉米根虫群体，但昆虫在体重抑制方面的反应相似。总之，田间和饲料毒性数据表明，德克萨斯州田间墨西哥玉米根虫种群对Gpp34Ab1/Tpp35Ab1和其他设计用于控制玉米根虫的Cry蛋白具有耐受性。目前，有类似问题的领域应该采用表达dsRNA和Bt蛋白的金字塔玉米杂交。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of fungicides and the biological control agent Debaryomyces hansenii on pathogens and the mycobiome of durum wheat grain under drought conditions 杀菌剂和生防剂对干旱条件下硬粒小麦病原菌和菌群的影响

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107526

Weronika Giedrojć , Wioletta E. Pluskota , Urszula Wachowska

Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Blumeria graminis and Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by Zymoseptoria tritici are common and devastating diseases of durum wheat. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of fungicides and a Debaryomyces hansenii yeast strain (a biological control agent, BCA) on pathogens and the mycobiome of durum wheat grain. The experiment was conducted on naturally infected plants. The effectiveness of BCA was tested alone by applying three protective treatments in the stem elongation, heading, and flowering stages. In the integrated approach, BCA was applied after fungicide treatment (proquinazid, prothioconazole, and spiroxamine) in the stem elongation stage.Unprotected plants (control) and plants protected with one or two fungicide treatments were used as reference materials. The severity of leaf, spike, and grain diseases, and grain colonization by fungi were evaluated using phytopathological and mycological methods. The number of fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was determined by next-generation sequencing (NGS). In both years of the experiment, fungicides applied in the stem elongation stage (proquinazid, prothioconazole, and spiroxamine) and the heading stage (prothioconazole and tebuconazole), and BCA treatments applied three times reduced the prevalence of STB (by 55.56 % and 35.45 %, respectively) and the percentage of kernels with symptoms of infection (by 44.69 % and 36.46 %, respectively) relative to unprotected plants. Integrated fungicide and biological treatments (Integ) inhibited STB by 47.62 %, but the percentage of infected kernels was only 24.71 % lower than in the control treatment. When the first fungicide treatment was not applied (Fung 2), the effectiveness of protection against Z. tritici decreased in the second year of the study. Grain treated with BCA was colonized predominantly by D. hansenii, which reduced the number of OTUs of biotrophic (including Blumeria graminis) and necrotrophic pathogens (including F. avenaceum). The study demonstrated that the integration of fungicides with biological yeast treatments applied in the flowering stage is a promising approach to controlling diseases in organically grown durum wheat.

由谷粒蓝孢菌引起的白粉病（PM）和由小麦赤霉菌引起的黑斑病（STB）是硬粒小麦常见的破坏性病害。研究了杀菌剂和一株汉斯酵母（Debaryomyces hansenii， BCA）对硬粒小麦病原菌和真菌群落的影响。实验是在自然感染的植物上进行的。通过在茎伸长、抽穗和开花期分别施用3种保护处理，试验了BCA单独施用的效果。在综合方法中，在茎伸长期，在杀菌剂（proquinazid、prothioconazole和spiroxamine）处理后施用BCA。以未保护植物（对照）和采用一种或两种杀菌剂处理的植物为对照。利用植物病理学和真菌学方法评估了叶片、穗和籽粒病害的严重程度以及真菌对籽粒的定殖。采用新一代测序技术（NGS）测定真菌操作分类单位（OTUs）数量。在这两年的试验中，在茎伸期和抽穗期分别施用杀菌剂（proquinazid、prothioconazole和spiroxamine）和抽穗期（prothioconazole和tebuconazole），以及施用三次BCA处理，相对于未施用的植株，可降低STB患病率（分别降低55.56%和35.45%）和有侵染症状的籽粒百分比（分别降低44.69%和36.46%）。杀菌剂与生物综合处理（Integ）对STB的抑制率为47.62%，但侵染率仅比对照处理低24.71%。当不施用第一次杀菌剂处理时（Fung 2），在研究的第二年，对小麦小偃麦草的保护效果下降。BCA处理后的籽粒主要由汉斯氏杆菌定殖，减少了生物营养致病菌（包括蓝灰菌）和坏死性致病菌（包括avenaceum）的otu数。研究表明，杀菌剂与生物酵母联合施用是有机栽培硬粒小麦病害防治的有效途径。

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引用次数: 0

Crude sap-based CRISPR-Cas12a-assisted RT-RPA assay for specific detection of citrus yellow vein clearing virus in citrus 基于粗液的crispr - cas12a辅助RT-RPA方法特异性检测柑橘黄脉清除病毒

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107540

Rakesh Kumar , Susheel Kumar Sharma , Nishant Srivastava , Pooja Bhardwaj , Sini Kumari , Abhinav Rawat , Viswanathan Chinnusamy , Virendra Kumar Baranwal , Nitika Gupta

Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) is an emerging mandarivirus globally, commonly present in citrus orchards in India. Early detection of CYVCV is essential to prevent its spread through propagative material and to support integrated disease management. Conventional RT-PCR, although reliable and widely used, are time-intensive, require RNA extraction, and depend on sophisticated laboratory infrastructure, which limits their application for rapid on-site surveillance and large-scale indexing. In this study, we developed and validated a CRISPR-Cas12a-assisted reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay using crude-sap as template for rapid, sensitive, and sequence-specific detection of CYVCV. A 241 bp RT-RPA amplicon derived from the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region of CYVCV was specifically recognized by a Cas12a-crRNA-complex, which activated collateral cleavage of a fluorescent single-stranded DNA-reporter, generating robust and unambiguous signals within 40–50 min. The analytical sensitivity of the CRISPR-based system was established at the 10⁻⁶ dilution of RT-RPA product by quantitative fluorescence measurement and was further translated into absolute copy numbers using a plasmid-based SYBR Green qPCR standard curve, while endpoint visualization using a UV transilluminator was feasible up to the 10⁻³ dilution. Validation on symptomatic citrus field samples revealed strong fluorescence signals in infected plants (up-to 91,447 AU), whereas healthy and non-template controls consistently remained at baseline. Importantly, visible fluorescence in infected samples under UV light further underscored the field-deployable potential of the assay. Compared with conventional RT-PCR, the CRISPR-based RT-RPA platform demonstrated an approximately ∼1.4-fold per-sample cost reduction, supported by itemized reagent-level cost analysis. These attributes establish the assay as robust, user-friendly, and scalable diagnostic-tool for CYVCV detection, offering strong potential for nursery indexing, orchard surveillance, and certification programs.

柑橘黄脉清除病毒（CYVCV）是一种全球新兴的柑橘病毒，通常存在于印度的柑橘果园。早期发现CYVCV对于防止其通过繁殖材料传播和支持疾病综合管理至关重要。传统的RT-PCR虽然可靠且广泛使用，但耗时长，需要提取RNA，并且依赖于复杂的实验室基础设施，这限制了它们在快速现场监测和大规模索引中的应用。在这项研究中，我们开发并验证了一种crispr - cas12a辅助的逆转录重组酶聚合酶扩增（RT-RPA）方法，该方法使用粗树液作为模板，用于快速、敏感和序列特异性检测CYVCV。来自CYVCV RNA依赖RNA聚合酶（RdRp）区域的241 bp RT-RPA扩增子被cas12a - crrna复合物特异性识别，激活荧光单链dna报告基因的侧切，在40-50分钟内产生强大且明确的信号。在RT-RPA产品10−6倍稀释时，通过定量荧光测量建立了基于crispr的系统的分析灵敏度，并使用基于质粒的SYBR Green qPCR标准曲线进一步转化为绝对拷贝数，而在10−3倍稀释时，使用紫外透照器进行终点可视化是可行的。对有症状的柑橘田间样本的验证显示，受感染植物（高达91,447 AU）具有强烈的荧光信号，而健康和非模板对照始终保持在基线水平。重要的是，在紫外线照射下感染样品的可见荧光进一步强调了该分析的现场部署潜力。与传统的RT-PCR相比，基于crispr的RT-RPA平台显示，通过逐项试剂级成本分析，每个样品的成本降低了约1.4倍。这些特性使该检测方法成为强大的、用户友好的、可扩展的CYVCV检测诊断工具，为苗圃索引、果园监控和认证计划提供了强大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of crystalline and vegetative protein expression in dual- and multi-gene transgenic cottons on bollworm larval survival 双基因和多基因转基因棉花结晶蛋白和营养蛋白表达对棉铃虫幼虫存活的影响

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107543

Nathan S. Little, Ryan T. Paulk, Blake H. Elkins, R. Michelle Mullen, K. Clint Allen

The bollworm (Helicoverpa zea), a persistent pest of U.S. cotton, poses ongoing challenges to producers. Transgenic cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins has revolutionized bollworm control while reducing reliance on broad-spectrum insecticides. However, variability in toxin expression across plant structures and developmental stages may reduce efficacy and contribute to the development of resistance. This study evaluates the relative expression of Cry1Ac, Cry2Ab, and Vip3A proteins in two Bt cotton cultivars throughout the growing season and compares these data with bollworm larval mortality on fruiting structures. Our results show a general decline in Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab levels throughout the growing season, while Vip3A expression remained relatively stable. Bollworm larval mortality was highest in squares, followed by blooms and bolls. Bollgard II cotton exhibited higher early-season Cry1Ac levels than the Bollgard III variety, potentially influencing early-season pest suppression. Vip3A expression was the highest in blooms of Bollgard III cotton, followed by squares and bolls. These findings underscore the importance of mid-to late-season scouting for surviving larvae on blooms and boll damage in Bt cotton. A better understanding of the spatiotemporal expression of Vip3A, coupled with preemptive resistance screening, will be vital for preserving Bt cotton's longevity and maintaining its role in sustainable production systems.

棉铃虫（Helicoverpa zea）是美国棉花的持久害虫，对生产者构成了持续的挑战。表达苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）杀虫蛋白的转基因棉花已经彻底改变了棉铃虫的防治，同时减少了对广谱杀虫剂的依赖。然而，毒素在植物结构和发育阶段的表达变异性可能会降低药效并促进抗性的发展。本研究对2个Bt棉花品种Cry1Ac、Cry2Ab和Vip3A蛋白在整个生长季节的相对表达量进行了测定，并与棉铃虫幼虫在结果结构上的死亡率进行了比较。我们的研究结果显示，Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab水平在整个生长季节普遍下降，而Vip3A的表达保持相对稳定。棉铃虫幼虫死亡率以正方形最高，其次为花和棉铃。Bollgard 2号棉早季Cry1Ac水平高于Bollgard 3号棉，可能影响早季害虫抑制。Vip3A在Bollgard 3号棉花中表达量最高，其次是方形棉和棉铃。这些发现强调了在Bt棉的花和棉铃上寻找存活幼虫的中后期侦查的重要性。更好地了解Vip3A的时空表达，加上先发制人的抗性筛选，对于保护Bt棉花的寿命和维持其在可持续生产系统中的作用至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

First report of Colletotrichum truncatum causing anthracnose on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in China 中国首次报道高粱炭疽病

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107541

Mingyan Luo, Mengying Liu, Kexin Cheng, Yulan Jiang, Fengquan Liu

Sorghum is a globally grown crop for food and feed,as well as holds a crucial position in brewing industry in China. Anthracnose poses a major threat to both the yield and quality of sorghum. In August 2024, an outbreak of anthracnose affecting 90 % plants was observed in a sorghum cultivation area of Xingyi City, Guizhou Province, China. The typical symptoms started as irregular to oval maroon spots on the leaves, which later developed to wider necrotic lesions and produced a lot of fruiting bodies. To determine the causal agent, the fungus was isolated from the diseased and healthy junctions. Based on integrated evidence from morphological characteristics, multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, GAPDH, ACT, HIS3, TUB, and CHS-1), and pathogenicity assays, the pathogen was pinpointed as Colletotrichum truncatum. This study provides the first report of C. truncatum as the causative agent of sorghum anthracnose in China.

高粱是一种全球种植的食品和饲料作物，在中国的酿造业中占有至关重要的地位。炭疽病对高粱的产量和品质都构成重大威胁。2024年8月，中国贵州省兴义市某高粱种植区发生炭疽病暴发，侵染90%的作物。典型的症状开始是不规则到椭圆形的栗色斑点在叶子上，后来发展到更广泛的坏死病变和产生大量的子实体。为了确定致病因子，从患病和健康的连接处分离真菌。基于形态学特征、ITS、GAPDH、ACT、HIS3、TUB和CHS-1多位点系统发育分析和致病性等综合证据，确定病原菌为炭疽菌（Colletotrichum truncatum）。本研究是国内首次报道高粱炭疽病的病原菌。

引用次数: 0

Screening of effective agents and field efficacy trials on control ginger rhizome rot caused by Fusarium species 生姜枯萎病防治药剂筛选及田间药效试验

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107539

Fengchao Wang , Jingwei Gao , Lelin Zhao , Jeremiah Joe Kabissa , Haiyan Wang , Yan Jin , Hongyan Wang

Ginger rhizome rot, poses a significant challenge in major ginger growing regions of China, adversely affecting both yield and quality. In this study, we identified three Fusarium species responsible for the disease isolated from infected plants. The pathogens were identified as Fusarium proliferatum, F. oxysporum, and F. solani through morphological and molecular identification. We established the pathogenicity of three target pathogens and evaluated the efficacy of nine antifungal agents against these pathogens using mycelial growth rate assays and spore germination tests. Subsequent safety assessments of the selected antifungal agents on ginger plants and field efficacy trials were conducted to validate practical applicability. Among the tested antifungal agents, pyraclostrobin and tetramycin displayed potent inhibitory effects on both mycelial proliferation and spore germination across all three pathogens species. Specifically, pyraclostrobin demonstrated EC₅₀ values for mycelial inhibition of 1.637, 3.177, and 1.301 mg/L against F. proliferatum LW-FP4, F. oxysporum LW-FO3, and F. solani LW-FS2, respectively, while spore inhibition EC₅₀ values were found to be 0.025, 1.374, and 0.065 mg/L. Tetramycin exhibited mycelial EC₅₀ values of 5.460, 5.649, and 1.436 mg/L, alongside spore inhibition EC₅₀ values of 2.502, 2.431, and 2.015 mg/L for the respective isolates. Notably, no phytotoxicity symptoms were observed on ginger rhizomes treated with 25 % pyraclostrobin SC (Suspension Concentrate) or 0.3 % tetramycin AS (Aqueous Solution). Field trials with 25 % pyraclostrobin at a concentration of 250 mg/L achieved control efficacies of 81.90 % and 86.58 % in Laizhou and Laiwu, respectively. These findings lay the foundation for optimized antifungal agent application and enhanced management strategies for ginger rhizome rot in agricultural practice.

生姜根茎腐病是中国主要生姜产区面临的重大挑战，对产量和品质都有不利影响。在这项研究中，我们从受感染的植物中分离出三种镰刀菌。病原菌经形态和分子鉴定分别为增肉镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌和番茄镰刀菌。我们建立了3种目标病原体的致病性，并通过菌丝生长速率测定和孢子萌发试验评估了9种抗真菌药物对这些病原体的疗效。随后对所选抗真菌剂进行了生姜植株安全性评价和田间药效试验，以验证其实际适用性。在所测试的抗真菌药物中，pyraclostrobin和tetrycin对三种病原菌的菌丝增殖和孢子萌发均有明显的抑制作用。其中，pyraclostrobin对F. proliferatum LW-FP4、F. oxysporum LW-FO3和F. solani LW-FS2的菌丝抑制EC50分别为1.637、3.177和1.301 mg/L，孢子抑制EC50分别为0.025、1.374和0.065 mg/L。菌株的菌丝EC50值分别为5.460、5.649和1.436 mg/L，孢子抑制EC50值分别为2.502、2.431和2.015 mg/L。值得注意的是，用25%吡唑菌酯SC（悬浮液）或0.3%土霉素AS（水溶液）处理的生姜根茎没有观察到植物毒性症状。25%吡唑菌酯250 mg/L在莱州和莱芜的田间防治效果分别为81.90%和86.58%。研究结果为农业实践中生姜根腐病抗菌药物的优化应用和强化管理策略奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Light spectra and photoperiods interactively influence growth, development, and reproductive traits of Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) 光谱和光周期相互作用影响福建Ostrinia furnacalis（鳞翅目：蛾科）的生长发育和生殖特性

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107537

Yuhua Dong , Sohail Abbas , Aleena Alam , Bilal Ahmad , Muneer Abbas , Khalid Ali Khan , Hamed A. Ghramh , Gong Xuesong , Jamin Ali , Xiao Han , Li Qiyun , Ri-Zhao Chen

Light spectrum and photoperiod are fundamental environmental cues that regulate insect development, survival, and reproductive performance. However, despite extensive work on photoperiodic regulation of diapause in insects, the combined roles of spectral composition and photoperiod in shaping growth, development, and reproductive traits remain poorly understood in Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée). In this study, we investigated the independent and interactive effects of five light spectra (blue, purple, green, red, and white) and four photoperiod regimes (LD: 14:10, 10:14, 16:08, and 08:16 h) on the growth, development, and reproductive traits of O. furnacalis. Using controlled laboratory experiments, we quantified key parameters, including larval survival across instars, larval and pupal durations, pupal weight, pupation rate, adult emergence rate, adult survival, and reproductive output. Both spectral quality and photoperiod significantly affected most traits, often interacting to produce spectrum-dependent photoperiodic responses. Short-wavelength light (blue, purple) generally promoted high larval survival and stable development across photoperiods. Green light extended larval and pupal development but enhanced pupal mass and fecundity. Red and white light produced variable effects across traits. These findings suggest that short wavelengths can diminish photoperiod sensitivity, whereas longer wavelengths enhance it. Our results highlight the potential role of spectral composition in shaping pest phenology and reproductive performance, providing a basis for predictive models and the development of sustainable light-based management strategies for O. furnacalis.

光谱和光周期是调节昆虫发育、生存和繁殖性能的基本环境信号。然而，尽管对昆虫滞育的光周期调节进行了大量的研究，但对光谱组成和光周期在形成Ostrinia furnacalis （guen）生长、发育和生殖性状中的综合作用仍知之甚少。研究了5种光谱（蓝、紫、绿、红、白）和4种光周期（LD: 14:10、10:14、16:08和08:16 h）对黄颡鱼生长发育和生殖性状的独立和交互作用。通过室内对照实验，我们量化了关键参数，包括幼虫跨龄存活率、幼虫和蛹持续时间、蛹重、化蛹率、成虫羽化率、成虫存活率和生殖产量。光谱质量和光周期对大多数性状都有显著影响，通常相互作用产生光谱依赖的光周期响应。短波长的光（蓝色、紫色）普遍促进了幼虫的高存活率和整个光周期的稳定发育。绿光延长了幼虫和蛹的发育，但增加了蛹的质量和繁殖力。红光和白光对不同性状产生不同的影响。这些发现表明，短波会降低光周期灵敏度，而长波则会增强它。我们的研究结果强调了光谱组成在塑造害虫物候和繁殖性能方面的潜在作用，为预测模型和可持续光管理策略的发展提供了基础。

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Colletotrichum gigasporum causes postharvest fruit anthracnose on litchi in China 中国荔枝炭疽菌引起采后果实炭疽病

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107538

Min Li , Jinhua Sun , Gengxin Chen , Zhengke Zhang , Yajun Ran , Meijiao Hu

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is an economically important fruit crop in southern China. In May 2024, litchi fruits harvested from Haikou City, China, exhibited anthracnose-like symptoms, with a disease incidence (DI) of 7.6 % at 7 days of storage at 25 °C. Fungal colonies with consistent morphology were isolated from the margins of typical symptomatic pericarp tissues. The pathogen was identified as Colletotrichum gigasporum based on morphological characterization and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis utilizing sequences of the ITS region, GAPDH, ACT, TUB2 and CAL genes Pathogenicity was confirmed by fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. gigasporum causing postharvest anthracnose on litchi fruit in China.

荔枝（Litchi chinensis Sonn.）是中国南方重要的经济水果作物。2024年5月，采自中国海口市的荔枝果实在25℃条件下保存7 d，出现了炭疽病样症状，发病率（DI）为7.6%。从典型症状性果皮组织边缘分离出形态一致的真菌菌落。利用ITS区、GAPDH、ACT、TUB2和CAL基因序列进行形态学鉴定和多位点系统发育分析，鉴定病原菌为炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gigasporum）。据我们所知，这是中国首次报道荔枝果实采后炭疽病。

引用次数: 0