Crop Protection最新文献_第2页

Characterisation of pyridaben resistance in Tetranychus urticae in the Mediterranean basin 地中海盆地荨麻疹叶螨抗药性特征分析

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107552

Animesha Rath , Preetom Regon , Svetlana Konzedalov, Adi Kliot

Tetranychus urticae, the Two-Spotted Spider Mite (TSSM) is a plant pest causing serious economic damage in various crops worldwide. The main means of controlling TSSM in the field are based on chemical pesticides but cases of reported resistance are numerous. Pyridaben is one of the pesticides used against TSSM, however reports from growers in the area indicated that it is losing its efficiency. In this study, we performed a survey testing field populations for their susceptibility to pyridaben over the years 2023–2025. We then randomly selected five populations of TSSM from this survey originating from different geographic locations and with variable resistance abilities to pyridaben. We tested these populations both for cytochrome P450-based metabolic breakdown of pyridaben and for target-site mutations. Our survey showed that pyridaben resistance is highly common in the field with 32 populations of 37 tested being resistant to a dose of pyridaben which is double the recommended dose for commercial use in the field. Furthermore, we show that resistance in most populations is likely to be metabolic, and we use a P450-inhibitor to successfully re-introduce susceptibility to three of four resistance populations. Our data sheds light on the current situation of TSSM resistance to pyridaben in the Mediterranean basin and strongly supports reduction in use of this compound in the near future.

荨麻疹叶螨（Tetranychus monticae, Two-Spotted Spider Mite， TSSM）是一种严重危害全球农作物经济的植物害虫。在田间控制TSSM的主要手段是基于化学农药，但报告的抗性病例很多。嘧达虫是用来对付TSSM的一种杀虫剂，然而来自该地区种植者的报告表明，它正在失去效力。在本研究中，我们对2023-2025年的田间种群进行了嘧螨虫易感性的调查测试。然后，我们从这次调查中随机选择了5个来自不同地理位置、对嘧螨抗性不同的TSSM种群。我们对这些人群进行了基于细胞色素p450的pyridaben代谢分解和靶位点突变测试。我们的调查显示，对嘧螨虫抗药性在田间非常普遍，37个试验种群中有32个种群对某剂量的嘧螨虫产生抗药性，该剂量是田间商业使用推荐剂量的两倍。此外，我们发现大多数种群的抗性可能是代谢性的，并且我们使用p450抑制剂成功地重新引入了对四个抗性种群中的三个的敏感性。我们的数据揭示了地中海盆地TSSM对嘧螨虫抗药性的现状，并强烈支持在不久的将来减少该化合物的使用。

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引用次数: 0

Smallholder pepper farmers in Uganda: Production and key insect pest management practices 乌干达胡椒小农：生产和主要虫害管理做法

IF 2.8 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107547

Esther Lugwana Nampeera, Sarah Mubiru, Daniel Mwesigwa Zziwa, Rebecca Akullo, Gerald Ddumba, Hassan Wasswa Kayondo, Gabriel Ddamulira

引用次数: 0

First report of Neopestalotiopsis iberica causing needle blight on Pinus massoniana 引起马尾松针叶枯病的伊比拉新拟多毛孢初报

IF 2.8 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107555

Kai-Yue Lü, Si-Yi Zhang, Yu Wan, Si Li, Jun-Ya Xie, De-Wei Li, Li-Hua Zhu

引用次数: 0

First report of Alternaria alternata causing soft rot in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruits in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 在巴西南巴西大德州发现引起火龙果（Hylocereus polyrhizus）果实软腐病的交替孢霉首次报道

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107554

Igor Henrique de Lima Costa , Gloria Emperatriz Suqui Carchi , Isabela Schneid Kroning , Maria Fernanda Fernandes Siqueira , Frederico Schmitt Kremer , Wladimir Padilha da Silva , Cândida Renata Jacobsen de Farias , Alvaro Renato Guerra Dias

This study reports the first case of Alternaria alternata causing soft rot in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruits in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Symptomatic fruits were collected from a commercial orchard, and the pathogen was isolated, characterized both morphologically and molecularly (using ITS, GAPDH, and TEF-1α loci), and tested for pathogenicity. The colonies exhibited mycelial growth of 5.24 ± 0.35 cm after 7 days and 8.08 ± 0.37 cm after 14 days, with olive gray centers and light brown edges. The obclavate or obpyriform conidia had transverse (1–6) and longitudinal (0–3) septa, with a short apical tip (5–22.5 μm). Molecular analysis revealed 100 % similarity with A. alternata sequences in GenBank, confirming the pathogen via phylogenetic analysis. Pathogenicity tests produced dark brown, depressed lesions with a clear halo, characteristic of the disease, confirming Koch's postulates. The 100 % incidence in commercial fruit crops resulted in significant economic losses, exacerbated by favorable weather conditions. Thus, this study presents the first evidence of A. alternata associated with post-harvest soft rot in pitaya fruits in Brazil, underscoring the need for management strategies to reduce waste and economic losses along the production chain.

本研究报道了巴西南大德州（里约热内卢Grande do Sul）火龙果（Hylocereus polyrhizus）果实中第一例引起软腐病的交替孢霉。从某商业果园采集有症状的果实，对病原菌进行分离、形态和分子鉴定（利用ITS、GAPDH和TEF-1α位点），并进行致病性检测。菌落生长7 d后为5.24±0.35 cm， 14 d后为8.08±0.37 cm，菌丝中心呈橄榄灰色，边缘呈浅棕色。倒卵形或倒梨形分生孢子有横向（1-6）和纵向（0-3）隔，尖尖短（5-22.5 μm）。分子分析结果显示，与GenBank中的A. alternata序列具有100%的相似性，通过系统发育分析证实了该病原体。致病性测试产生了带有清晰光晕的深棕色凹陷病灶，这是该疾病的特征，证实了科赫的假设。商品水果作物100%的发病率造成了重大的经济损失，有利的天气条件加剧了经济损失。因此，本研究首次提出了与巴西火龙果采后软腐病相关的交替孢霉的证据，强调了采取管理策略以减少生产链上的浪费和经济损失的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Toxicity of Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil to Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its selectivity for Telenomus remus Nixon, 1937 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) 罗勒香精油对夜蛾（J.E. Smith, 1797）（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）的毒性及对夜蛾的选择性

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107551

Alejandro Sandria Díaz , Thalita Zanquetta Luz , Gabriel Ribeiro Mendes , Eliana Donizate Andrade , Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci , Dejane Santos Alves , Geraldo Andrade Carvalho

Spodoptera frugiperda is an agricultural pest that has spread to several regions, with frequent reports of populations resistant to synthetic insecticides. Consequently, there is an increasing number of studies seeking novel control strategies compatible with beneficial organisms. This study aimed to: (i) evaluate the toxicity of Ocimum basilicum essential oil (EO) to S. frugiperda; (ii) chemically characterize O. basilicum EO; (iii) determine the toxicity of the EO's major compound to S. frugiperda; and (iv) assess selectivity of EO toward Telenomus remus. The EO was toxic to second-instar caterpillars (LD₅₀ = 13.36 μg of EO/caterpillar). Methyl chavicol was identified as the major compound (86.14 %) in EO and exhibited toxicity to S. frugiperda. The EO reduced the emergence of T. remus in the F₂ and F₃ generations when exposed during the egg and pupal stages within the natural host and was classified as harmless to slightly harmful according to the IOBC scale, without affecting parasitism rates. The sex ratio was reduced. The O. basilicum EO caused 100 % mortality in adult female T. remus. In conclusion, O. basilicum EO is toxic to S. frugiperda and induces transgenerational effects on T. remus emergence during the egg and pupal stages, while exhibiting high toxicity to adult females. These findings indicate that O. basilicum EO is compatible with T. remus during its immature stages and underscore the need for application strategies that prevent exposure of adult parasitoids in IPM programs.

狐尾夜蛾是一种农业害虫，已蔓延到一些地区，经常有报道称其种群对合成杀虫剂产生抗药性。因此，越来越多的研究寻求与有益生物兼容的新控制策略。本研究的目的是：(1)评价罗勒精油（EO）对果螨的毒性；（ii） basilicum EO的化学特征；（iii）测定精油的主要化合物对果蚜的毒性；以及（iv）评估EO对鼠尾绦虫的选择性。EO对二龄幼虫有毒性（LD50 = 13.36 μg /只）。甲基chavicol是其主要成分（86.14%），对frugiperda具有一定的毒性。在自然寄主的卵期和蛹期暴露于EO时，可减少F2代和F3代的黄颡鱼幼虫的羽化，并根据IOBC分级将其归类为无害至轻度有害，不影响寄生率。性别比降低了。basilicum EO对成年雌鼠的死亡率为100%。综上所述，basilicum EO对frugiperda具有毒性，并在卵期和蛹期诱导T. remus羽化的跨代效应，但对成年雌性具有高毒性。这些结果表明，basilicum EO在其未成熟阶段与T. remus兼容，并强调了在IPM计划中防止成虫暴露的应用策略的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

The mite, the bug, and the nematode: Assessing the efficacy of three biological control agents against Echinothrips americanus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) 螨、虫、线虫：三种生物防治剂对美洲棘蓟马的防治效果评价

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107553

Fabio Marino , Linda Abenaim , Giuseppe Conte , Daniele Marraccini , Priscilla Farina , Barbara Conti

The poinsettia thrips, Echinothrips americanus Morgan, 1313, is an invasive pest native to North America. The species attacks various protected ornamental and crop plants causing extensive foliage damage. Severe infestations have recently occurred in greenhouses specialized in Hibiscus spp. cultivation in Central Italy. Given the currently limited possibility for its integrated management, we evaluated the efficacy of three commercial biological control agents: the mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954), the bug Orius laevigatus (Fieber, 1860), and the nematode Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev, 1934). Our trials were conducted in Huffaker cages under laboratory conditions, using E. americanus second-instar larvae as prey/host. For the first two biological control agents, we assessed predation efficiency and predation latency times. For the nematode, we determined the parasitization efficacy and optimal treatment concentration. For N. californicus, we observed a predation rate of 50.52% after 48 h and predation activity beginning after a mean of 3 h and 53 min. Orius laevigatus provided a predation rate of 73.75% after 12 h and started preying after a mean time of 7 min and 31 s. The nematode, at the tested concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 infective juveniles cm⁻² of leaf, showed a parasitization rate after 72 h of 46.59, 79.97, and 93.32%, respectively. In conclusion, O. laevigatus and S. feltiae are more effective as biological control agents against E. americanus. Given their different biology and behaviour, the integrated adoption of both agents for inundative release could be a valid solution for managing E. americanus in greenhouse hibiscus cultivation.

一品红蓟马，Echinothrips americanus Morgan, 1313，是一种原产于北美的入侵害虫。该物种攻击各种受保护的观赏植物和农作物，造成广泛的叶片损害。最近在意大利中部专门种植木槿的温室中发生了严重的虫害。鉴于目前对其综合管理的可能性有限，我们评估了三种商业生物防治剂的效果：加利福尼亚新小绥螨（McGregor, 1954），臭虫laevigatus （Fieber, 1860）和线虫斯坦纳马feltiae （Filipjev, 1934）。本试验在实验室条件下的Huffaker笼中进行，以美洲大蠊二龄幼虫为猎物/寄主。对于前两种生物防治剂，我们评估了捕食效率和捕食潜伏期。对于线虫，我们确定了寄生效果和最佳处理浓度。加州小蠊在48 h后的捕食率为50.52%，平均在3 h 53 min后开始捕食活动。12 h后，黑褐家鼠的捕食率为73.75%，平均捕食时间为7 min 31 s。在叶片50、100和150个侵染幼体的浓度下，72 h后的寄生率分别为46.59%、79.97%和93.32%。综上所述，对美洲大蠊的生物防治效果较好。鉴于它们不同的生物学和行为，综合采用这两种药剂进行淹没释放可能是管理温室木槿种植美洲大蠊的有效解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Pesticide perceptions, practices, and Bt cotton adoption potential among Bangladeshi cotton farmers 孟加拉国棉农对农药的认识、实践和采用Bt棉花的潜力

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107548

Md. Hayder Khan Sujan , Sharif Ahammad , Mohammad Mizanul Haque Kazal , Monira Sultana , Md. Akhteruzzaman

Cotton production in Bangladesh faces significant pest management challenges, with farmers relying heavily on chemical pesticides. This study investigated 247 cotton farmers' perceptions and practices regarding pesticide use and their willingness to pay for insect-resistant Bt cotton. Perceptions were assessed using a five-point Likert scale (Cronbach's α = 0.76), complemented by data on pesticide practices and Bt cotton adoption potential, collected in 2022. Results revealed substantial perception-practice gaps: while 96% recognized health risks from excessive pesticide use, only 77% used personal protective equipment. Critical knowledge deficits were evident, with only 68.4% understanding stage-specific application requirements and 53.4% aware that insect-resistant varieties reduce pesticide costs. Most farmers (55%) relied on peer consultation rather than extension services for pesticide application decisions. Concerning disposal practices prevailed, with 39.7% burying containers and 30% leaving them in fields. Despite chemical reliance, farmers demonstrated high adoption of nature-based practices, particularly pheromone traps (89.5%) and removal of affected parts (84.6%). Regarding Bt cotton, 86% expressed willingness to adopt at current prices, declining to 52.5% at 50% premium, revealing severe price sensitivity. Findings highlight critical gaps between risk awareness and safety practices. Realizing Bt cotton adoption potential requires intensive extension programming addressing knowledge deficits, improved waste management infrastructure, and financial support for resource-constrained smallholder farmers.

孟加拉国的棉花生产面临着病虫害管理方面的重大挑战，农民严重依赖化学农药。本研究调查了247名棉农对农药使用的认知和做法，以及他们购买抗虫Bt棉花的意愿。使用五点李克特量表（Cronbach's α = 0.76）对认知进行评估，并辅以2022年收集的农药使用和Bt棉花应用潜力数据。结果显示认知与实践之间存在巨大差距：96%的人认识到过度使用农药会带来健康风险，但只有77%的人使用了个人防护装备。关键知识缺失很明显，只有68.4%的人了解特定阶段的施用要求，53.4%的人知道抗虫品种可以降低农药成本。大多数农民（55%）依靠同行咨询而不是推广服务来决定农药的施用。在处理方式方面，39.7%的人将容器掩埋，30%的人将其留在田间。尽管依赖化学药品，但农民仍高度采用基于自然的做法，特别是信息素陷阱（89.5%）和去除受影响部位（84.6%）。对于Bt棉，86%的人表示愿意采用当前价格，而在溢价50%的情况下，这一比例降至52.5%，显示出严重的价格敏感性。调查结果强调了风险意识和安全实践之间的重大差距。实现Bt棉花的应用潜力需要强化推广规划，解决知识短缺问题，改善废物管理基础设施，并为资源受限的小农提供资金支持。

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引用次数: 0

IAPPS Newsletter

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107545

引用次数: 0

Effect of host switching on the parasitic performance of Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) against Ephestia elutella in stored tobacco 寄主转换对储藏烟叶中布氏小蜂（膜翅目：布氏小蜂科）对伊色小蜂寄生性能的影响

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107550

Jingtian Xue , Yao Huang , Houding Ou , Yi Mao , Ang Li , Liang Wang , Maofa Yang

The tobacco moth Ephestia elutella is a major pest of stored tobacco, and its management with conventional chemical insecticides faces increasing challenges owing to resistance and environmental risks. The parasitic wasp Habrobracon hebetor shows strong potential as a biological control agent, although its efficacy depends on host adaptability. This study systematically evaluated the E. elutella control performance of H. hebetor populations reared on two hosts, Corcyra cephalonica and E. elutella, with experiments conducted in the laboratory and tobacco warehouses. In laboratory assays, the H. hebetor population reared on C. cephalonica caused significantly higher host paralysis and E. elutella parasitism rates compared with the population reared on E. elutella (P < 0.05). In cage trials in a tobacco warehouse, the C. cephalonica–reared population showed superior performance at a low wasp-to-host ratio (4:80), achieving a greater paralysis rate, higher progeny production, and a larger proportion of female offspring. Field trials in an operational warehouse setting demonstrated that the cumulative control effect of released H. hebetor on E. elutella increased from 76.63 % to 90.99 % with successive releases. Overall, these findings show that using C. cephalonica as an alternative host not only supports H. hebetor mass rearing but also enhances its pest control efficiency and reproductive output through host switching. Moreover, this study provides theoretical and technical support for optimizing H. hebetor applications in integrated pest management strategies targeting tobacco storage.

烟蛾（Ephestia elutella）是储藏烟草的主要害虫，由于其抗药性和环境风险，常规化学杀虫剂对烟蛾的管理面临越来越大的挑战。寄生蜂Habrobracon hebetor作为一种生物防治剂具有很强的潜力，但其防治效果取决于寄主的适应性。本研究采用实验室和烟草仓库试验的方法，系统评价了以头丝蛾和烟熏伊虫为寄主饲养的白僵鼠种群对烟熏伊虫的控制效果。实验结果表明，以头角圆蚧饲养的大角圆蚧种群的宿主麻痹率和寄生率明显高于以角圆蚧饲养的大角圆蚧种群（P < 0.05）。在烟草仓库的笼子试验中，在低蜂宿主比（4:80）条件下，头头蠓种群表现出优异的表现，麻痹率更高，后代产量更高，雌性后代比例更大。野外试验结果表明，随着释放量的增加，该药剂对艾草的累积防效由76.63%提高到90.99%。综上所述，上述研究结果表明，利用黄颡鱼作为替代寄主，不仅有利于黄颡鱼种群繁殖，而且可以通过寄主转换提高黄颡鱼种群的防虫效率和繁殖产量。此外，本研究还可为优化烟蚜在烟草储存期害虫综合治理策略中的应用提供理论和技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

A disease complex: crop losses and economic impact of corn stunt diseases on Brazilian corn production 疾病复合体：玉米矮秆病对巴西玉米生产的作物损失和经济影响

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107549

Charles Martins de Oliveira , Tiago dos Santos Pereira , Larissa Pereira Mouro , Maria Cristina Canale

Maize is a major global cereal due to its high yield, adaptability, and wide use in food, industry, and energy. It plays a key role in combating food scarcity, especially in food-insecure countries. Brazil ranks third in maize production and is a leading exporter, contributing to global supply chains. Since 2015, however, Brazil has been increasingly threatened by corn stunt diseases, whose pathogens [maize bushy stunt phytoplasma (MBSP) and corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS)] are transmitted by the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). These diseases have no curative treatment and can lead to total crop failure in highly susceptible hybrids under high incidence conditions. In this study, it was estimated the economic and production losses associated with corn stunt diseases in Brazil using official data and field surveys conducted with stakeholders in the maize production sector. The findings indicate that corn stunt diseases led to an average production loss of 22.7 % between 2020 and 2024, equivalent to approximately 31.8 million tonnes annually, resulting in an estimated average annual financial loss of 6.5 billion dollars. Insecticide application costs for controlling D. maidis rose 19 % (2020/21–2023/24), exceeding 9 dollars per hectare. These results highlight the substantial impact of corn stunt diseases on maize production and reinforce the need for robust monitoring systems, systematic loss evaluations, and coordinated efforts across the production chain to mitigate their effects and adapt to ongoing challenges posed by this complex pathosystem.

玉米因其高产、适应性强、在食品、工业和能源领域的广泛应用而成为全球主要的谷物。它在应对粮食短缺方面发挥着关键作用，特别是在粮食不安全的国家。巴西玉米产量排名第三，是主要出口国，为全球供应链做出了贡献。然而，自2015年以来，巴西受到玉米矮秆病的威胁日益严重，其病原体[玉米灌木矮秆植物原体（MBSP）和玉米矮秆螺旋体（CSS）]是由玉米叶蝉（半翅目：蝉科）传播的。这些疾病无法根治，在高发病率条件下可导致高易感杂交种的作物全收。在这项研究中，利用官方数据和对玉米生产部门的利益相关者进行的实地调查，估计了巴西与玉米矮秆病相关的经济和生产损失。研究结果表明，在2020年至2024年期间，玉米矮秆病导致平均产量损失22.7%，相当于每年约3180万吨，估计平均每年经济损失为65亿美元。防治麦地那蚊的杀虫剂施用成本上升了19%(2020/21-2023/24)，每公顷超过9美元。这些结果强调了玉米矮秆病对玉米生产的重大影响，并强调需要建立健全的监测系统、系统的损失评估和整个生产链的协调努力，以减轻其影响并适应这一复杂病理系统带来的持续挑战。

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引用次数: 0