Crop Protection最新文献_第2页

Effect of fungicides and the biological control agent Debaryomyces hansenii on pathogens and the mycobiome of durum wheat grain under drought conditions 杀菌剂和生防剂对干旱条件下硬粒小麦病原菌和菌群的影响

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107526

Weronika Giedrojć , Wioletta E. Pluskota , Urszula Wachowska

Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Blumeria graminis and Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by Zymoseptoria tritici are common and devastating diseases of durum wheat. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of fungicides and a Debaryomyces hansenii yeast strain (a biological control agent, BCA) on pathogens and the mycobiome of durum wheat grain. The experiment was conducted on naturally infected plants. The effectiveness of BCA was tested alone by applying three protective treatments in the stem elongation, heading, and flowering stages. In the integrated approach, BCA was applied after fungicide treatment (proquinazid, prothioconazole, and spiroxamine) in the stem elongation stage.Unprotected plants (control) and plants protected with one or two fungicide treatments were used as reference materials. The severity of leaf, spike, and grain diseases, and grain colonization by fungi were evaluated using phytopathological and mycological methods. The number of fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was determined by next-generation sequencing (NGS). In both years of the experiment, fungicides applied in the stem elongation stage (proquinazid, prothioconazole, and spiroxamine) and the heading stage (prothioconazole and tebuconazole), and BCA treatments applied three times reduced the prevalence of STB (by 55.56 % and 35.45 %, respectively) and the percentage of kernels with symptoms of infection (by 44.69 % and 36.46 %, respectively) relative to unprotected plants. Integrated fungicide and biological treatments (Integ) inhibited STB by 47.62 %, but the percentage of infected kernels was only 24.71 % lower than in the control treatment. When the first fungicide treatment was not applied (Fung 2), the effectiveness of protection against Z. tritici decreased in the second year of the study. Grain treated with BCA was colonized predominantly by D. hansenii, which reduced the number of OTUs of biotrophic (including Blumeria graminis) and necrotrophic pathogens (including F. avenaceum). The study demonstrated that the integration of fungicides with biological yeast treatments applied in the flowering stage is a promising approach to controlling diseases in organically grown durum wheat.

由谷粒蓝孢菌引起的白粉病（PM）和由小麦赤霉菌引起的黑斑病（STB）是硬粒小麦常见的破坏性病害。研究了杀菌剂和一株汉斯酵母（Debaryomyces hansenii， BCA）对硬粒小麦病原菌和真菌群落的影响。实验是在自然感染的植物上进行的。通过在茎伸长、抽穗和开花期分别施用3种保护处理，试验了BCA单独施用的效果。在综合方法中，在茎伸长期，在杀菌剂（proquinazid、prothioconazole和spiroxamine）处理后施用BCA。以未保护植物（对照）和采用一种或两种杀菌剂处理的植物为对照。利用植物病理学和真菌学方法评估了叶片、穗和籽粒病害的严重程度以及真菌对籽粒的定殖。采用新一代测序技术（NGS）测定真菌操作分类单位（OTUs）数量。在这两年的试验中，在茎伸期和抽穗期分别施用杀菌剂（proquinazid、prothioconazole和spiroxamine）和抽穗期（prothioconazole和tebuconazole），以及施用三次BCA处理，相对于未施用的植株，可降低STB患病率（分别降低55.56%和35.45%）和有侵染症状的籽粒百分比（分别降低44.69%和36.46%）。杀菌剂与生物综合处理（Integ）对STB的抑制率为47.62%，但侵染率仅比对照处理低24.71%。当不施用第一次杀菌剂处理时（Fung 2），在研究的第二年，对小麦小偃麦草的保护效果下降。BCA处理后的籽粒主要由汉斯氏杆菌定殖，减少了生物营养致病菌（包括蓝灰菌）和坏死性致病菌（包括avenaceum）的otu数。研究表明，杀菌剂与生物酵母联合施用是有机栽培硬粒小麦病害防治的有效途径。

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引用次数: 0

Crude sap-based CRISPR-Cas12a-assisted RT-RPA assay for specific detection of citrus yellow vein clearing virus in citrus 基于粗液的crispr - cas12a辅助RT-RPA方法特异性检测柑橘黄脉清除病毒

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107540

Rakesh Kumar , Susheel Kumar Sharma , Nishant Srivastava , Pooja Bhardwaj , Sini Kumari , Abhinav Rawat , Viswanathan Chinnusamy , Virendra Kumar Baranwal , Nitika Gupta

Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) is an emerging mandarivirus globally, commonly present in citrus orchards in India. Early detection of CYVCV is essential to prevent its spread through propagative material and to support integrated disease management. Conventional RT-PCR, although reliable and widely used, are time-intensive, require RNA extraction, and depend on sophisticated laboratory infrastructure, which limits their application for rapid on-site surveillance and large-scale indexing. In this study, we developed and validated a CRISPR-Cas12a-assisted reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay using crude-sap as template for rapid, sensitive, and sequence-specific detection of CYVCV. A 241 bp RT-RPA amplicon derived from the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region of CYVCV was specifically recognized by a Cas12a-crRNA-complex, which activated collateral cleavage of a fluorescent single-stranded DNA-reporter, generating robust and unambiguous signals within 40–50 min. The analytical sensitivity of the CRISPR-based system was established at the 10⁻⁶ dilution of RT-RPA product by quantitative fluorescence measurement and was further translated into absolute copy numbers using a plasmid-based SYBR Green qPCR standard curve, while endpoint visualization using a UV transilluminator was feasible up to the 10⁻³ dilution. Validation on symptomatic citrus field samples revealed strong fluorescence signals in infected plants (up-to 91,447 AU), whereas healthy and non-template controls consistently remained at baseline. Importantly, visible fluorescence in infected samples under UV light further underscored the field-deployable potential of the assay. Compared with conventional RT-PCR, the CRISPR-based RT-RPA platform demonstrated an approximately ∼1.4-fold per-sample cost reduction, supported by itemized reagent-level cost analysis. These attributes establish the assay as robust, user-friendly, and scalable diagnostic-tool for CYVCV detection, offering strong potential for nursery indexing, orchard surveillance, and certification programs.

柑橘黄脉清除病毒（CYVCV）是一种全球新兴的柑橘病毒，通常存在于印度的柑橘果园。早期发现CYVCV对于防止其通过繁殖材料传播和支持疾病综合管理至关重要。传统的RT-PCR虽然可靠且广泛使用，但耗时长，需要提取RNA，并且依赖于复杂的实验室基础设施，这限制了它们在快速现场监测和大规模索引中的应用。在这项研究中，我们开发并验证了一种crispr - cas12a辅助的逆转录重组酶聚合酶扩增（RT-RPA）方法，该方法使用粗树液作为模板，用于快速、敏感和序列特异性检测CYVCV。来自CYVCV RNA依赖RNA聚合酶（RdRp）区域的241 bp RT-RPA扩增子被cas12a - crrna复合物特异性识别，激活荧光单链dna报告基因的侧切，在40-50分钟内产生强大且明确的信号。在RT-RPA产品10−6倍稀释时，通过定量荧光测量建立了基于crispr的系统的分析灵敏度，并使用基于质粒的SYBR Green qPCR标准曲线进一步转化为绝对拷贝数，而在10−3倍稀释时，使用紫外透照器进行终点可视化是可行的。对有症状的柑橘田间样本的验证显示，受感染植物（高达91,447 AU）具有强烈的荧光信号，而健康和非模板对照始终保持在基线水平。重要的是，在紫外线照射下感染样品的可见荧光进一步强调了该分析的现场部署潜力。与传统的RT-PCR相比，基于crispr的RT-RPA平台显示，通过逐项试剂级成本分析，每个样品的成本降低了约1.4倍。这些特性使该检测方法成为强大的、用户友好的、可扩展的CYVCV检测诊断工具，为苗圃索引、果园监控和认证计划提供了强大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of crystalline and vegetative protein expression in dual- and multi-gene transgenic cottons on bollworm larval survival 双基因和多基因转基因棉花结晶蛋白和营养蛋白表达对棉铃虫幼虫存活的影响

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107543

Nathan S. Little, Ryan T. Paulk, Blake H. Elkins, R. Michelle Mullen, K. Clint Allen

The bollworm (Helicoverpa zea), a persistent pest of U.S. cotton, poses ongoing challenges to producers. Transgenic cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins has revolutionized bollworm control while reducing reliance on broad-spectrum insecticides. However, variability in toxin expression across plant structures and developmental stages may reduce efficacy and contribute to the development of resistance. This study evaluates the relative expression of Cry1Ac, Cry2Ab, and Vip3A proteins in two Bt cotton cultivars throughout the growing season and compares these data with bollworm larval mortality on fruiting structures. Our results show a general decline in Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab levels throughout the growing season, while Vip3A expression remained relatively stable. Bollworm larval mortality was highest in squares, followed by blooms and bolls. Bollgard II cotton exhibited higher early-season Cry1Ac levels than the Bollgard III variety, potentially influencing early-season pest suppression. Vip3A expression was the highest in blooms of Bollgard III cotton, followed by squares and bolls. These findings underscore the importance of mid-to late-season scouting for surviving larvae on blooms and boll damage in Bt cotton. A better understanding of the spatiotemporal expression of Vip3A, coupled with preemptive resistance screening, will be vital for preserving Bt cotton's longevity and maintaining its role in sustainable production systems.

棉铃虫（Helicoverpa zea）是美国棉花的持久害虫，对生产者构成了持续的挑战。表达苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）杀虫蛋白的转基因棉花已经彻底改变了棉铃虫的防治，同时减少了对广谱杀虫剂的依赖。然而，毒素在植物结构和发育阶段的表达变异性可能会降低药效并促进抗性的发展。本研究对2个Bt棉花品种Cry1Ac、Cry2Ab和Vip3A蛋白在整个生长季节的相对表达量进行了测定，并与棉铃虫幼虫在结果结构上的死亡率进行了比较。我们的研究结果显示，Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab水平在整个生长季节普遍下降，而Vip3A的表达保持相对稳定。棉铃虫幼虫死亡率以正方形最高，其次为花和棉铃。Bollgard 2号棉早季Cry1Ac水平高于Bollgard 3号棉，可能影响早季害虫抑制。Vip3A在Bollgard 3号棉花中表达量最高，其次是方形棉和棉铃。这些发现强调了在Bt棉的花和棉铃上寻找存活幼虫的中后期侦查的重要性。更好地了解Vip3A的时空表达，加上先发制人的抗性筛选，对于保护Bt棉花的寿命和维持其在可持续生产系统中的作用至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

First report of Colletotrichum truncatum causing anthracnose on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in China 中国首次报道高粱炭疽病

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107541

Mingyan Luo, Mengying Liu, Kexin Cheng, Yulan Jiang, Fengquan Liu

Sorghum is a globally grown crop for food and feed,as well as holds a crucial position in brewing industry in China. Anthracnose poses a major threat to both the yield and quality of sorghum. In August 2024, an outbreak of anthracnose affecting 90 % plants was observed in a sorghum cultivation area of Xingyi City, Guizhou Province, China. The typical symptoms started as irregular to oval maroon spots on the leaves, which later developed to wider necrotic lesions and produced a lot of fruiting bodies. To determine the causal agent, the fungus was isolated from the diseased and healthy junctions. Based on integrated evidence from morphological characteristics, multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, GAPDH, ACT, HIS3, TUB, and CHS-1), and pathogenicity assays, the pathogen was pinpointed as Colletotrichum truncatum. This study provides the first report of C. truncatum as the causative agent of sorghum anthracnose in China.

高粱是一种全球种植的食品和饲料作物，在中国的酿造业中占有至关重要的地位。炭疽病对高粱的产量和品质都构成重大威胁。2024年8月，中国贵州省兴义市某高粱种植区发生炭疽病暴发，侵染90%的作物。典型的症状开始是不规则到椭圆形的栗色斑点在叶子上，后来发展到更广泛的坏死病变和产生大量的子实体。为了确定致病因子，从患病和健康的连接处分离真菌。基于形态学特征、ITS、GAPDH、ACT、HIS3、TUB和CHS-1多位点系统发育分析和致病性等综合证据，确定病原菌为炭疽菌（Colletotrichum truncatum）。本研究是国内首次报道高粱炭疽病的病原菌。

引用次数: 0

Screening of effective agents and field efficacy trials on control ginger rhizome rot caused by Fusarium species 生姜枯萎病防治药剂筛选及田间药效试验

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107539

Fengchao Wang , Jingwei Gao , Lelin Zhao , Jeremiah Joe Kabissa , Haiyan Wang , Yan Jin , Hongyan Wang

Ginger rhizome rot, poses a significant challenge in major ginger growing regions of China, adversely affecting both yield and quality. In this study, we identified three Fusarium species responsible for the disease isolated from infected plants. The pathogens were identified as Fusarium proliferatum, F. oxysporum, and F. solani through morphological and molecular identification. We established the pathogenicity of three target pathogens and evaluated the efficacy of nine antifungal agents against these pathogens using mycelial growth rate assays and spore germination tests. Subsequent safety assessments of the selected antifungal agents on ginger plants and field efficacy trials were conducted to validate practical applicability. Among the tested antifungal agents, pyraclostrobin and tetramycin displayed potent inhibitory effects on both mycelial proliferation and spore germination across all three pathogens species. Specifically, pyraclostrobin demonstrated EC₅₀ values for mycelial inhibition of 1.637, 3.177, and 1.301 mg/L against F. proliferatum LW-FP4, F. oxysporum LW-FO3, and F. solani LW-FS2, respectively, while spore inhibition EC₅₀ values were found to be 0.025, 1.374, and 0.065 mg/L. Tetramycin exhibited mycelial EC₅₀ values of 5.460, 5.649, and 1.436 mg/L, alongside spore inhibition EC₅₀ values of 2.502, 2.431, and 2.015 mg/L for the respective isolates. Notably, no phytotoxicity symptoms were observed on ginger rhizomes treated with 25 % pyraclostrobin SC (Suspension Concentrate) or 0.3 % tetramycin AS (Aqueous Solution). Field trials with 25 % pyraclostrobin at a concentration of 250 mg/L achieved control efficacies of 81.90 % and 86.58 % in Laizhou and Laiwu, respectively. These findings lay the foundation for optimized antifungal agent application and enhanced management strategies for ginger rhizome rot in agricultural practice.

生姜根茎腐病是中国主要生姜产区面临的重大挑战，对产量和品质都有不利影响。在这项研究中，我们从受感染的植物中分离出三种镰刀菌。病原菌经形态和分子鉴定分别为增肉镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌和番茄镰刀菌。我们建立了3种目标病原体的致病性，并通过菌丝生长速率测定和孢子萌发试验评估了9种抗真菌药物对这些病原体的疗效。随后对所选抗真菌剂进行了生姜植株安全性评价和田间药效试验，以验证其实际适用性。在所测试的抗真菌药物中，pyraclostrobin和tetrycin对三种病原菌的菌丝增殖和孢子萌发均有明显的抑制作用。其中，pyraclostrobin对F. proliferatum LW-FP4、F. oxysporum LW-FO3和F. solani LW-FS2的菌丝抑制EC50分别为1.637、3.177和1.301 mg/L，孢子抑制EC50分别为0.025、1.374和0.065 mg/L。菌株的菌丝EC50值分别为5.460、5.649和1.436 mg/L，孢子抑制EC50值分别为2.502、2.431和2.015 mg/L。值得注意的是，用25%吡唑菌酯SC（悬浮液）或0.3%土霉素AS（水溶液）处理的生姜根茎没有观察到植物毒性症状。25%吡唑菌酯250 mg/L在莱州和莱芜的田间防治效果分别为81.90%和86.58%。研究结果为农业实践中生姜根腐病抗菌药物的优化应用和强化管理策略奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Light spectra and photoperiods interactively influence growth, development, and reproductive traits of Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) 光谱和光周期相互作用影响福建Ostrinia furnacalis（鳞翅目：蛾科）的生长发育和生殖特性

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107537

Yuhua Dong , Sohail Abbas , Aleena Alam , Bilal Ahmad , Muneer Abbas , Khalid Ali Khan , Hamed A. Ghramh , Gong Xuesong , Jamin Ali , Xiao Han , Li Qiyun , Ri-Zhao Chen

Light spectrum and photoperiod are fundamental environmental cues that regulate insect development, survival, and reproductive performance. However, despite extensive work on photoperiodic regulation of diapause in insects, the combined roles of spectral composition and photoperiod in shaping growth, development, and reproductive traits remain poorly understood in Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée). In this study, we investigated the independent and interactive effects of five light spectra (blue, purple, green, red, and white) and four photoperiod regimes (LD: 14:10, 10:14, 16:08, and 08:16 h) on the growth, development, and reproductive traits of O. furnacalis. Using controlled laboratory experiments, we quantified key parameters, including larval survival across instars, larval and pupal durations, pupal weight, pupation rate, adult emergence rate, adult survival, and reproductive output. Both spectral quality and photoperiod significantly affected most traits, often interacting to produce spectrum-dependent photoperiodic responses. Short-wavelength light (blue, purple) generally promoted high larval survival and stable development across photoperiods. Green light extended larval and pupal development but enhanced pupal mass and fecundity. Red and white light produced variable effects across traits. These findings suggest that short wavelengths can diminish photoperiod sensitivity, whereas longer wavelengths enhance it. Our results highlight the potential role of spectral composition in shaping pest phenology and reproductive performance, providing a basis for predictive models and the development of sustainable light-based management strategies for O. furnacalis.

光谱和光周期是调节昆虫发育、生存和繁殖性能的基本环境信号。然而，尽管对昆虫滞育的光周期调节进行了大量的研究，但对光谱组成和光周期在形成Ostrinia furnacalis （guen）生长、发育和生殖性状中的综合作用仍知之甚少。研究了5种光谱（蓝、紫、绿、红、白）和4种光周期（LD: 14:10、10:14、16:08和08:16 h）对黄颡鱼生长发育和生殖性状的独立和交互作用。通过室内对照实验，我们量化了关键参数，包括幼虫跨龄存活率、幼虫和蛹持续时间、蛹重、化蛹率、成虫羽化率、成虫存活率和生殖产量。光谱质量和光周期对大多数性状都有显著影响，通常相互作用产生光谱依赖的光周期响应。短波长的光（蓝色、紫色）普遍促进了幼虫的高存活率和整个光周期的稳定发育。绿光延长了幼虫和蛹的发育，但增加了蛹的质量和繁殖力。红光和白光对不同性状产生不同的影响。这些发现表明，短波会降低光周期灵敏度，而长波则会增强它。我们的研究结果强调了光谱组成在塑造害虫物候和繁殖性能方面的潜在作用，为预测模型和可持续光管理策略的发展提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Colletotrichum gigasporum causes postharvest fruit anthracnose on litchi in China 中国荔枝炭疽菌引起采后果实炭疽病

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107538

Min Li , Jinhua Sun , Gengxin Chen , Zhengke Zhang , Yajun Ran , Meijiao Hu

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is an economically important fruit crop in southern China. In May 2024, litchi fruits harvested from Haikou City, China, exhibited anthracnose-like symptoms, with a disease incidence (DI) of 7.6 % at 7 days of storage at 25 °C. Fungal colonies with consistent morphology were isolated from the margins of typical symptomatic pericarp tissues. The pathogen was identified as Colletotrichum gigasporum based on morphological characterization and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis utilizing sequences of the ITS region, GAPDH, ACT, TUB2 and CAL genes Pathogenicity was confirmed by fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. gigasporum causing postharvest anthracnose on litchi fruit in China.

荔枝（Litchi chinensis Sonn.）是中国南方重要的经济水果作物。2024年5月，采自中国海口市的荔枝果实在25℃条件下保存7 d，出现了炭疽病样症状，发病率（DI）为7.6%。从典型症状性果皮组织边缘分离出形态一致的真菌菌落。利用ITS区、GAPDH、ACT、TUB2和CAL基因序列进行形态学鉴定和多位点系统发育分析，鉴定病原菌为炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gigasporum）。据我们所知，这是中国首次报道荔枝果实采后炭疽病。

引用次数: 0

Chemigation efficacy of bifenthrin and chlorantraniliprole for Striacosta albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) management in corn under different irrigation depths 不同灌溉深度下联苯菊酯和氯虫腈对玉米白纹虫的防治效果

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107536

Andrea Rilaković , Miloš Zarić , Vamsi Manthena , Ana M. Vélez Arango , Greg R. Kruger , Brian Krienke , Daran R. Rudnick , Julie A. Peterson

Western bean cutworm, Striacosta albicosta Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a significant pest in Midwestern U.S. corn (Zea mays L.) production. In Nebraska, foliar application of insecticides at the tasseling stage of corn is commonly performed via chemigation using overhead irrigation systems (center pivots). However, the efficacy of various chemigation practices for S. albicosta have not been well explored. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of chlorantraniliprole and bifenthrin, applied at both minimum and maximum label rates for bifenthrin (36.8 and 112.1 g a.i. ha⁻¹) and chlorantraniliprole (52.7 and 75.1 g a.i. ha⁻¹), using two application depths (6.35 mm and 19.05 mm). In 2021, chlorantraniliprole reduced ear feeding injury compared to bifenthrin 28 days after application (DAA). In 2022, no differences were observed between the two insecticides for the ear feeding injury. Throughout both field seasons, no S. albicosta larvae were found in plots treated with chlorantraniliprole during ear assessments at 28 DAA. This was not the case with bifenthrin, which provided moderate control. Application depths of the applied insecticides did not influence ear feeding injury.

Our results indicate that insecticide selection for S. albicosta management is more important than the depth of the application. Chlorantraniliprole provided superior larval control, supporting its use in chemigation-based management strategies for S. albicosta in corn.

西部豆蛾（Striacosta albicosta Smith）（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）是美国中西部玉米生产中的重要害虫。在内布拉斯加州，玉米抽雄期的叶面施用杀虫剂通常是通过使用架空灌溉系统（中心枢纽）进行化学灌溉。然而，各种化学处理方法对白色葡萄球菌的效果尚未得到很好的探讨。为评价氯虫腈和联苯菊酯的效果，开展了一项为期两年的实地研究，采用两种施药深度（6.35 mm和19.05 mm），分别以最小和最大标示剂量（36.8和112.1 g a.i. ha - 1）和氯虫腈（52.7和75.1 g a.i. ha - 1）施用联苯菊酯和联苯菊酯。2021年，与施用后28天的联苯菊酯（DAA）相比，氯虫腈减少了耳朵喂养损伤。2022年，两种杀虫剂对食耳损伤的防治效果无差异。在整个田间季节，在28 DAA的穗期评估中，氯虫腈处理的样地未发现白色葡萄球菌幼虫。联苯菊酯的情况并非如此，它提供了适度的控制。施用杀虫剂的深度对取食损伤无显著影响。结果表明，在白曲曲菌管理中，杀虫剂的选择比施用深度更重要。氯虫腈具有良好的幼虫控制效果，支持其在玉米白曲曲病菌化学防治策略中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Leaf spot of Rhododendron hybridum caused by Neopestalotiopsis maddoxii in China maddoxineopestalotiopsis引起的中国杜鹃叶斑病

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107527

Shi-Qi Guo , Chada Norphanphoun , Fatimah Al-Otibi , Kevin D. Hyde , Juan Liu , Hong-Mei Liu , Wen-E Zhang , Yong Wang

Rhododendron is an important ornamental crop in Guizhou Province, China, where intensified cultivation has led to increasing disease problems. In this study, a leaf spot disease was investigated on Rhododendron in the Baili Forest Region. The disease initially appeared as brown, circular to irregular lesions, which gradually enlarged, turned dark brown, and developed lighter margins with visible signs of wilting and decay. Severe infection led to premature leaf death, thereby compromising plant vigor. Field surveys of 200 Rhododendron hybridum leaves revealed 66 symptomatic samples, corresponding to a disease incidence of 33 %, which has caused notable economic losses to local horticultural operations. Morphological examination, together with multi-gene phylogenetic analysis (ITS, tef1-α, and β-tubulin), identified the causal agent as Neopestalotiopsis maddoxii. Pathogenicity was confirmed by artificial inoculation, which reproduced typical symptoms and fulfilled Koch's postulates. This is the first report of N. maddoxii causing leaf spot on Rhododendron in Guizhou Province, providing a basis for future studies on its epidemiology and management.

杜鹃花是中国贵州省重要的观赏作物，其集约化栽培导致病害日益严重。对白里林区杜鹃花叶斑病进行了调查。疾病最初表现为棕色，圆形到不规则病变，逐渐扩大，变成深棕色，边缘变浅，可见萎缩性和腐烂的迹象。严重的感染导致叶片过早死亡，从而损害植株的活力。对200片杜鹃花叶片的实地调查显示，有症状的样品有66个，发病率为33%，给当地园艺业务造成了显著的经济损失。形态学检查和多基因系统发育分析（ITS、tef1-α和β-微管蛋白）确定致病因子为Neopestalotiopsis maddoxii。人工接种证实了致病性，再现了典型的症状，符合科赫的假设。这是贵州省首次报道引起杜鹃花叶斑病的maddoxii，为进一步研究其流行病学和防治提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

Field-evolved resistance of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) to insecticides in Brazil 巴西柑橘木虱田间抗性进化（半翅目：木虱科）

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107535

Fernando Semmelroth de Assunção e Amaral , Giovana Moraes de Souza , Rafael Brandão Garcia , Marcelo Pedreira de Miranda , Celso Omoto

In Brazil, control of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, primarily relies on insecticides. Recently, field failures in controlling D. citri with some insecticides have been reported. This study investigates the susceptibility of five field populations of D. citri from key citrus-producing areas in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, to the three most used insecticides (bifenthrin, imidacloprid, and malathion). Subsequently, to characterize resistance under laboratory conditions, resistant strains were selected from one of the least susceptible field populations of D. citri located in Tabatinga, São Paulo. To provide evidence of field-evolved resistance, the effectiveness of imidacloprid was tested through foliar spray and soil drench applications. Leaf-dip bioassays characterized susceptibility of D. citri to bifenthrin, imidacloprid, and malathion. Resistance ratios among field populations of D. citri ranged from 39.6- to 192.7-fold for bifenthrin, 22.2- to 271.2-fold for imidacloprid, and 6.6- to 37.1-fold for malathion, compared to a susceptible reference strain. Following six generations of laboratory selection pressure in a field population of D. citri, resistance ratios increased to 1037.3-fold for bifenthrin, 790.6-fold for imidacloprid, and 298.9-fold for malathion. Low efficacy of imidacloprid against field populations of D. citri was observed in both application methods. This is the first report of field-evolved resistance of D. citri to bifenthrin, imidacloprid, and malathion insecticides in the citrus belt of São Paulo State, Brazil. Therefore, the evolution of resistance might be one of the reasons for the increased population density of D. citri. This research will help implement Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) strategies for D. citri in Brazilian citrus groves.

在巴西，亚洲柑橘木虱（Diaphorina citri）的防治主要依靠杀虫剂。近年来，一些杀虫剂在田间防治柑橘蚜失败的报道屡见不鲜。本研究调查了巴西圣保罗州主要柑橘产区的五个田间种群对三种最常用杀虫剂（联苯菊酯、吡虫啉和马拉硫磷）的敏感性。随后，为了在实验室条件下表征耐药性，从位于圣保罗州Tabatinga的柑橘D. citri最不敏感的田间种群中选择了抗性菌株。为了提供田间进化抗性的证据，通过叶面喷施和土壤淋施测试了吡虫啉的有效性。叶片浸渍法测定了柑桔对联苯菊酯、吡虫啉和马拉硫磷的敏感性。与敏感对照品系相比，柑橘螟田间种群对联苯菊酯的抗性倍数为39.6 ~ 192.7倍，吡虫啉为22.2 ~ 271.2倍，马拉硫磷为6.6 ~ 37.1倍。经过6代室内选择压力后，柑橘大蠊对联苯菊酯、吡虫啉和马拉硫磷的抗性分别增加到1037.3倍、790.6倍和298.9倍。两种施药方法对柑桔田鼠的杀伤效果均较低。这是巴西圣保罗州柑橘带首次报道柑橘D. citri对联苯菊酯、吡虫啉和马拉硫磷杀虫剂的田间进化抗性。因此，抗性的进化可能是柑桔种群密度增加的原因之一。本研究将有助于在巴西柑橘林中实施柑橘蚜的杀虫剂抗性管理策略。

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