Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107510
Jacson Ferreira , Marcos Vinicius Silva de Andrade , Eduardo Silva Gorayeb , Lilian Katiany Castello Rabello Zinger , Daian Marcos Savaris , Monalisa Cristina de Cól , Emerson Medeiros Del Ponte , Fábio Nascimento da Silva , Leandro do Prado Ribeiro , Maria Cristina Canale
Regular and large-scale outbreaks of the diseases of the corn stunt and virus complex have been reported in Brazil since 2015, including Santa Catarina (SC) State. The pathogens are vectored by the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and the resulting epidemics result in substantial impacts on maize production. In this study, it is reported the abundance of D. maidis and its infection with corn stunt mollicutes [maize bushy stunt phytoplasma (MBSP) and corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS)], and maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) in Santa Catarina during the 2021/22 and 2022/23 growing seasons. Monitoring was conducted from July to April (40 weeks) comprising both early and late planting seasons in various maize fields across the State. Each week, insect traps were inspected and brought to the laboratory where leafhoppers were counted, and molecular detection was performed for MBSP and CSS, as well as MRFV. Approximately 3000 collections were made during each growing season. Corn leafhopper counting varied in 37 % between the two seasons, being generally lower during the vegetative stage, with a marked increase during the reproductive phase. CSS was found to be more prevalent than MBSP, and MRFV was more prevalent than either of those mollicutes. Infection of D. maidis with MBSP, CSS, and MRFV fluctuated throughout maize development and across the forty weeks of monitoring. Moreover, the MBSP detection in corn leafhopper was inversed related with altitude. These results can serve as a decision-support tool within a translational epidemiology framework, enabling practical, field-level interventions to prevent or mitigate yield losses in maize production systems.
{"title":"Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) spatio-temporal dynamics and infection prevalence with the corn stunt mollicutes and virus in Santa Catarina, Brazil","authors":"Jacson Ferreira , Marcos Vinicius Silva de Andrade , Eduardo Silva Gorayeb , Lilian Katiany Castello Rabello Zinger , Daian Marcos Savaris , Monalisa Cristina de Cól , Emerson Medeiros Del Ponte , Fábio Nascimento da Silva , Leandro do Prado Ribeiro , Maria Cristina Canale","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regular and large-scale outbreaks of the diseases of the corn stunt and virus complex have been reported in Brazil since 2015, including Santa Catarina (SC) State. The pathogens are vectored by the corn leafhopper <em>Dalbulus maidis</em> (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and the resulting epidemics result in substantial impacts on maize production. In this study, it is reported the abundance of <em>D. maidis</em> and its infection with corn stunt mollicutes [maize bushy stunt phytoplasma (MBSP) and corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS)], and maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) in Santa Catarina during the 2021/22 and 2022/23 growing seasons. Monitoring was conducted from July to April (40 weeks) comprising both early and late planting seasons in various maize fields across the State. Each week, insect traps were inspected and brought to the laboratory where leafhoppers were counted, and molecular detection was performed for MBSP and CSS, as well as MRFV. Approximately 3000 collections were made during each growing season. Corn leafhopper counting varied in 37 % between the two seasons, being generally lower during the vegetative stage, with a marked increase during the reproductive phase. CSS was found to be more prevalent than MBSP, and MRFV was more prevalent than either of those mollicutes. Infection <em>of D. maidis</em> with MBSP, CSS, and MRFV fluctuated throughout maize development and across the forty weeks of monitoring. Moreover, the MBSP detection in corn leafhopper was inversed related with altitude. These results can serve as a decision-support tool within a translational epidemiology framework, enabling practical, field-level interventions to prevent or mitigate yield losses in maize production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107553
Fabio Marino , Linda Abenaim , Giuseppe Conte , Daniele Marraccini , Priscilla Farina , Barbara Conti
The poinsettia thrips, Echinothrips americanus Morgan, 1313, is an invasive pest native to North America. The species attacks various protected ornamental and crop plants causing extensive foliage damage. Severe infestations have recently occurred in greenhouses specialized in Hibiscus spp. cultivation in Central Italy. Given the currently limited possibility for its integrated management, we evaluated the efficacy of three commercial biological control agents: the mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954), the bug Orius laevigatus (Fieber, 1860), and the nematode Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev, 1934). Our trials were conducted in Huffaker cages under laboratory conditions, using E. americanus second-instar larvae as prey/host. For the first two biological control agents, we assessed predation efficiency and predation latency times. For the nematode, we determined the parasitization efficacy and optimal treatment concentration. For N. californicus, we observed a predation rate of 50.52% after 48 h and predation activity beginning after a mean of 3 h and 53 min. Orius laevigatus provided a predation rate of 73.75% after 12 h and started preying after a mean time of 7 min and 31 s. The nematode, at the tested concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 infective juveniles cm−2 of leaf, showed a parasitization rate after 72 h of 46.59, 79.97, and 93.32%, respectively. In conclusion, O. laevigatus and S. feltiae are more effective as biological control agents against E. americanus. Given their different biology and behaviour, the integrated adoption of both agents for inundative release could be a valid solution for managing E. americanus in greenhouse hibiscus cultivation.
一品红蓟马，Echinothrips americanus Morgan, 1313，是一种原产于北美的入侵害虫。该物种攻击各种受保护的观赏植物和农作物，造成广泛的叶片损害。最近在意大利中部专门种植木槿的温室中发生了严重的虫害。鉴于目前对其综合管理的可能性有限，我们评估了三种商业生物防治剂的效果：加利福尼亚新小绥螨（McGregor, 1954），臭虫laevigatus （Fieber, 1860）和线虫斯坦纳马feltiae （Filipjev, 1934）。本试验在实验室条件下的Huffaker笼中进行，以美洲大蠊二龄幼虫为猎物/寄主。对于前两种生物防治剂，我们评估了捕食效率和捕食潜伏期。对于线虫，我们确定了寄生效果和最佳处理浓度。加州小蠊在48 h后的捕食率为50.52%，平均在3 h 53 min后开始捕食活动。12 h后，黑褐家鼠的捕食率为73.75%，平均捕食时间为7 min 31 s。在叶片50、100和150个侵染幼体的浓度下，72 h后的寄生率分别为46.59%、79.97%和93.32%。综上所述，对美洲大蠊的生物防治效果较好。鉴于它们不同的生物学和行为，综合采用这两种药剂进行淹没释放可能是管理温室木槿种植美洲大蠊的有效解决方案。
{"title":"The mite, the bug, and the nematode: Assessing the efficacy of three biological control agents against Echinothrips americanus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)","authors":"Fabio Marino , Linda Abenaim , Giuseppe Conte , Daniele Marraccini , Priscilla Farina , Barbara Conti","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The poinsettia thrips, <em>Echinothrips americanus</em> Morgan, 1313, is an invasive pest native to North America. The species attacks various protected ornamental and crop plants causing extensive foliage damage. Severe infestations have recently occurred in greenhouses specialized in <em>Hibiscus</em> spp. cultivation in Central Italy. Given the currently limited possibility for its integrated management, we evaluated the efficacy of three commercial biological control agents: the mite <em>Neoseiulus californicus</em> (McGregor, 1954), the bug <em>Orius laevigatus</em> (Fieber, 1860)<em>,</em> and the nematode <em>Steinernema feltiae</em> (Filipjev, 1934). Our trials were conducted in Huffaker cages under laboratory conditions, using <em>E. americanus</em> second-instar larvae as prey/host. For the first two biological control agents, we assessed predation efficiency and predation latency times. For the nematode, we determined the parasitization efficacy and optimal treatment concentration. For <em>N. californicus</em>, we observed a predation rate of 50.52% after 48 h and predation activity beginning after a mean of 3 h and 53 min. <em>Orius laevigatus</em> provided a predation rate of 73.75% after 12 h and started preying after a mean time of 7 min and 31 s. The nematode, at the tested concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 infective juveniles cm<sup>−2</sup> of leaf, showed a parasitization rate after 72 h of 46.59, 79.97, and 93.32%, respectively. In conclusion, <em>O. laevigatus</em> and <em>S. feltiae</em> are more effective as biological control agents against <em>E. americanus</em>. Given their different biology and behaviour, the integrated adoption of both agents for inundative release could be a valid solution for managing <em>E. americanus</em> in greenhouse hibiscus cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) is an emerging mandarivirus globally, commonly present in citrus orchards in India. Early detection of CYVCV is essential to prevent its spread through propagative material and to support integrated disease management. Conventional RT-PCR, although reliable and widely used, are time-intensive, require RNA extraction, and depend on sophisticated laboratory infrastructure, which limits their application for rapid on-site surveillance and large-scale indexing. In this study, we developed and validated a CRISPR-Cas12a-assisted reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay using crude-sap as template for rapid, sensitive, and sequence-specific detection of CYVCV. A 241 bp RT-RPA amplicon derived from the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region of CYVCV was specifically recognized by a Cas12a-crRNA-complex, which activated collateral cleavage of a fluorescent single-stranded DNA-reporter, generating robust and unambiguous signals within 40–50 min. The analytical sensitivity of the CRISPR-based system was established at the 10−6 dilution of RT-RPA product by quantitative fluorescence measurement and was further translated into absolute copy numbers using a plasmid-based SYBR Green qPCR standard curve, while endpoint visualization using a UV transilluminator was feasible up to the 10−3 dilution. Validation on symptomatic citrus field samples revealed strong fluorescence signals in infected plants (up-to 91,447 AU), whereas healthy and non-template controls consistently remained at baseline. Importantly, visible fluorescence in infected samples under UV light further underscored the field-deployable potential of the assay. Compared with conventional RT-PCR, the CRISPR-based RT-RPA platform demonstrated an approximately ∼1.4-fold per-sample cost reduction, supported by itemized reagent-level cost analysis. These attributes establish the assay as robust, user-friendly, and scalable diagnostic-tool for CYVCV detection, offering strong potential for nursery indexing, orchard surveillance, and certification programs.
柑橘黄脉清除病毒（CYVCV）是一种全球新兴的柑橘病毒，通常存在于印度的柑橘果园。早期发现CYVCV对于防止其通过繁殖材料传播和支持疾病综合管理至关重要。传统的RT-PCR虽然可靠且广泛使用，但耗时长，需要提取RNA，并且依赖于复杂的实验室基础设施，这限制了它们在快速现场监测和大规模索引中的应用。在这项研究中，我们开发并验证了一种crispr - cas12a辅助的逆转录重组酶聚合酶扩增（RT-RPA）方法，该方法使用粗树液作为模板，用于快速、敏感和序列特异性检测CYVCV。来自CYVCV RNA依赖RNA聚合酶（RdRp）区域的241 bp RT-RPA扩增子被cas12a - crrna复合物特异性识别，激活荧光单链dna报告基因的侧切，在40-50分钟内产生强大且明确的信号。在RT-RPA产品10−6倍稀释时，通过定量荧光测量建立了基于crispr的系统的分析灵敏度，并使用基于质粒的SYBR Green qPCR标准曲线进一步转化为绝对拷贝数，而在10−3倍稀释时，使用紫外透照器进行终点可视化是可行的。对有症状的柑橘田间样本的验证显示，受感染植物（高达91,447 AU）具有强烈的荧光信号，而健康和非模板对照始终保持在基线水平。重要的是，在紫外线照射下感染样品的可见荧光进一步强调了该分析的现场部署潜力。与传统的RT-PCR相比，基于crispr的RT-RPA平台显示，通过逐项试剂级成本分析，每个样品的成本降低了约1.4倍。这些特性使该检测方法成为强大的、用户友好的、可扩展的CYVCV检测诊断工具，为苗圃索引、果园监控和认证计划提供了强大的潜力。
{"title":"Crude sap-based CRISPR-Cas12a-assisted RT-RPA assay for specific detection of citrus yellow vein clearing virus in citrus","authors":"Rakesh Kumar , Susheel Kumar Sharma , Nishant Srivastava , Pooja Bhardwaj , Sini Kumari , Abhinav Rawat , Viswanathan Chinnusamy , Virendra Kumar Baranwal , Nitika Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) is an emerging mandarivirus globally, commonly present in citrus orchards in India. Early detection of CYVCV is essential to prevent its spread through propagative material and to support integrated disease management. Conventional RT-PCR, although reliable and widely used, are time-intensive, require RNA extraction, and depend on sophisticated laboratory infrastructure, which limits their application for rapid on-site surveillance and large-scale indexing. In this study, we developed and validated a CRISPR-Cas12a-assisted reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay using crude-sap as template for rapid, sensitive, and sequence-specific detection of CYVCV. A 241 bp RT-RPA amplicon derived from the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region of CYVCV was specifically recognized by a Cas12a-crRNA-complex, which activated collateral cleavage of a fluorescent single-stranded DNA-reporter, generating robust and unambiguous signals within 40–50 min. The analytical sensitivity of the CRISPR-based system was established at the 10<sup>−6</sup> dilution of RT-RPA product by quantitative fluorescence measurement and was further translated into absolute copy numbers using a plasmid-based SYBR Green qPCR standard curve, while endpoint visualization using a UV transilluminator was feasible up to the 10<sup>−3</sup> dilution. Validation on symptomatic citrus field samples revealed strong fluorescence signals in infected plants (up-to 91,447 AU), whereas healthy and non-template controls consistently remained at baseline. Importantly, visible fluorescence in infected samples under UV light further underscored the field-deployable potential of the assay. Compared with conventional RT-PCR, the CRISPR-based RT-RPA platform demonstrated an approximately ∼1.4-fold per-sample cost reduction, supported by itemized reagent-level cost analysis. These attributes establish the assay as robust, user-friendly, and scalable diagnostic-tool for CYVCV detection, offering strong potential for nursery indexing, orchard surveillance, and certification programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107502
Luis F. Aristizábal , Melissa A. Johnson , Mark G. Wright
Pruning is a cultural practice conducted by coffee farmers to increase production and facilitate the management of insect pests and diseases. This field study assessed the impact of different pruning styles on the regulation of coffee berry borer (CBB, Hypothenemus hampei), widely considered the most damaging insect pest of coffee worldwide. For each pruning system (block-stumping, Kona style, topping, and Beaumont-Fukunaga), 3–4 coffee lots were selected on Hawaiʻi Island and CBB infestation, bean damage, and harvesting efficacy was evaluated in 2023 and 2024. Yields, sale price, and pruning costs were also recorded to calculate the benefit cost ratio of each pruning style. Block-stumping resulted in significantly lower CBB infestation (0.6 % and 2.6 %, year one and two of harvest) relative to Beaumont-Fukunaga (6.3 %), topping (8.6 %) and Kona style (10.0 %). Block-stumping also resulted in significantly lower bean damage (2.6 %) compared to topping (24.3 %) and Kona style (25.6 %). The most effective harvesting was done in lots that were block-stumped (≤6.7 berries left per tree), while Beaumont-Fukunaga (10.9), topping (14.5), and Kona style (15.7) resulted in low harvesting efficacy. While there was no significant difference among pruning styles, the benefit cost ratio was higher in lots that employed block-stumping (2.29) or Beaumont-Fukunaga (2.29) compared to topping (2.18) and the traditional Kona style (2.04). Our findings suggest that block-stumping is the optimal pruning style for reducing CBB infestation and bean damage, and results in improved harvesting efficacy and a higher benefit cost ratio relative to other pruning styles that are commonly used in Hawaiʻi.
{"title":"Block-stumping as an effective and cost-efficient style of pruning to reduce coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) infestation and damage in Hawaiian coffee farms","authors":"Luis F. Aristizábal , Melissa A. Johnson , Mark G. Wright","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pruning is a cultural practice conducted by coffee farmers to increase production and facilitate the management of insect pests and diseases. This field study assessed the impact of different pruning styles on the regulation of coffee berry borer (CBB, <em>Hypothenemus hampei</em>), widely considered the most damaging insect pest of coffee worldwide. For each pruning system (block-stumping, Kona style, topping, and Beaumont-Fukunaga), 3–4 coffee lots were selected on Hawaiʻi Island and CBB infestation, bean damage, and harvesting efficacy was evaluated in 2023 and 2024. Yields, sale price, and pruning costs were also recorded to calculate the benefit cost ratio of each pruning style. Block-stumping resulted in significantly lower CBB infestation (0.6 % and 2.6 %, year one and two of harvest) relative to Beaumont-Fukunaga (6.3 %), topping (8.6 %) and Kona style (10.0 %). Block-stumping also resulted in significantly lower bean damage (2.6 %) compared to topping (24.3 %) and Kona style (25.6 %). The most effective harvesting was done in lots that were block-stumped (≤6.7 berries left per tree), while Beaumont-Fukunaga (10.9), topping (14.5), and Kona style (15.7) resulted in low harvesting efficacy. While there was no significant difference among pruning styles, the benefit cost ratio was higher in lots that employed block-stumping (2.29) or Beaumont-Fukunaga (2.29) compared to topping (2.18) and the traditional Kona style (2.04). Our findings suggest that block-stumping is the optimal pruning style for reducing CBB infestation and bean damage, and results in improved harvesting efficacy and a higher benefit cost ratio relative to other pruning styles that are commonly used in Hawaiʻi.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145619681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107522
Breno de H. Almeida , Maria H.D. Costa , Luiz F.B. Evangelista , Rebeca M.S. Frutuoso , Atarissis M. Dias , Jarlan L.S. Silva , Daniel J. Silva , Jackson T. Lobo , Washington da Silva , Márcia M.Q. Ambrósio
Brazil is a leading producer and exporter of Galia melon (Cucumis melo L.), a variety renowned for its exceptional sensory qualities. However, postharvest diseases caused by Fusarium spp. Lead to significant economic losses, estimated at up to US$22 million annually. The current reliance on fungicides, such as Imazalil, is unsustainable due to regulatory restrictions and the increasing fungal resistance to current chemistry, which calls for the development of alternative control strategies. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of thermotherapy combined with ripening phytoregulators for managing rots caused by F. falciforme and F. sulawesiense in Galia melons. Inoculated fruits underwent eight different treatments [Mock (control), HWT (hot water treatment), 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene), HWT + 1-MCP, GA (gibberellin), HWT + GA, GRAD (Graduate A+®), and HWT + GRAD] and were stored for 20 days at 10 ± 2 °C. We evaluated disease severity, melon fruit physicochemical parameters, and the activity of plant defense enzymes. Most treatments significantly reduced rot severity compared to the control. Notably, Graduate A+® achieved up to a 72.9 % reduction, and its efficacy was enhanced when combined with thermotherapy. Furthermore, 1- methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment, alone and with thermotherapy, preserved postharvest quality and enhanced defense-related enzyme activity. These findings suggest that the combination of thermotherapy and 1-MCP represents a promising and sustainable approach to reducing Fusarium rot in Galia melons destined for export, with no associated regulatory risks.
{"title":"Sustainable management of fusarium rots in melons: A dual strategy combining thermotherapy and 1-MCP","authors":"Breno de H. Almeida , Maria H.D. Costa , Luiz F.B. Evangelista , Rebeca M.S. Frutuoso , Atarissis M. Dias , Jarlan L.S. Silva , Daniel J. Silva , Jackson T. Lobo , Washington da Silva , Márcia M.Q. Ambrósio","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brazil is a leading producer and exporter of Galia melon (<em>Cucumis melo</em> L.), a variety renowned for its exceptional sensory qualities. However, postharvest diseases caused by <em>Fusarium</em> spp. Lead to significant economic losses, estimated at up to US$22 million annually. The current reliance on fungicides, such as Imazalil, is unsustainable due to regulatory restrictions and the increasing fungal resistance to current chemistry, which calls for the development of alternative control strategies. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of thermotherapy combined with ripening phytoregulators for managing rots caused by <em>F. falciforme</em> and <em>F. sulawesiense</em> in Galia melons. Inoculated fruits underwent eight different treatments [Mock (control), HWT (hot water treatment), 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene), HWT + 1-MCP, GA (gibberellin), HWT + GA, GRAD (Graduate A+®), and HWT + GRAD] and were stored for 20 days at 10 ± 2 °C. We evaluated disease severity, melon fruit physicochemical parameters, and the activity of plant defense enzymes. Most treatments significantly reduced rot severity compared to the control. Notably, Graduate A+® achieved up to a 72.9 % reduction, and its efficacy was enhanced when combined with thermotherapy. Furthermore, 1- methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment, alone and with thermotherapy, preserved postharvest quality and enhanced defense-related enzyme activity. These findings suggest that the combination of thermotherapy and 1-MCP represents a promising and sustainable approach to reducing Fusarium rot in Galia melons destined for export, with no associated regulatory risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107524
Hengzhi Wang , Yunxia Duan , Cheng Yang , Yi Li , Mengmeng Hu , Xinyu Sun , Ping Yu , Tao Jin , Jinxin Wang , Weitang Liu
Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus), a competitive grass weed with extensive distribution in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) fields across the North China Plain, is naturally tolerant to many commercial post-emergence (POST) herbicides used in wheat. Flucarbazone-sodium, an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, is vital for the effective management of B. japonicus in winter wheat fields. However, resistance evolving in B. japonicus presents a major obstacle for maintaining sustainable weed management in winter wheat systems, and the current status of resistance remains unclear. Thus, we assessed the sensitivity of 33 B. japonicus populations, gathered from winter wheat fields across the North China Plain, to flucarbazone-sodium, and target-site resistance (TSR) mechanism was investigated. Moreover, the B. japonicus sensitivity to 20 other herbicides/herbicide mixtures was also evaluated to identify candidate herbicides for its control. The results of single-dose screen test showed that 29 populations evolved resistance (RRR and RR), 2 populations showed potential for developing resistance (R?) and 1 population was susceptible. Based on whole-plant dose-response assays, the resistant biotypes exhibited a 2.2–56.4-fold increase in resistance level to flucarbazone-sodium compared to the susceptible standard. The TSR mechanism investigation indicated that at least the decreased ALS sensitivity to flucarbazone-sodium caused by P197S and D376E mutations of ALS involved in the resistance in B. japonicus populations. The results of effective herbicide screening showed that POST-applied herbicide used in this study possessed limited control efficacy, with over 70 % dry weight inhibition of mesosulfuron-methyl, pyroxsulam, flucarbazone-Na + isoproturon, flucarbazone-Na + mesosulfuron-methyl and pyroxsulam + isoproturon for partial B. japonicus populations. Fortunately, 9 herbicides/herbicide mixtures applied pre-emergence (PRE) including acetochlor, flufenacet + diflufenican + flurtamon, pyroxasulfone, flufenacet, isoproturon + pretilachlor + halosulfuron-methyl, trifludimoxazin, cinmethylin, flufenacet + diflufenican + isoproturon, and flufenacet + isoproturon were obtained, possessing exceeding 80 % control efficacy against resistant B. japonicus in this study. These findings will be helpful for understanding the herbicide resistance in B. japonicus and its management in agricultural practice.
日本雀麦（Bromus japonicus）是广泛分布在华北平原冬小麦（Triticum aestivum）田间的一种竞争性杂草，对小麦上使用的许多商业出苗后（POST）除草剂具有天然抗性。氟氟脲酮钠是一种乙酰乳酸合成酶抑制剂，对冬小麦田中日本白僵菌的有效防治至关重要。然而，日本蓟马的抗性进化是冬小麦系统中杂草可持续管理的主要障碍，目前抗性的现状尚不清楚。为此，本研究对华北平原冬小麦田33个日本小蠊种群对氟卡巴酮钠的敏感性进行了评价，并对其靶点抗性机制进行了探讨。此外，还通过对其他20种除草剂/除草剂混合物的敏感性评价，确定了日本小蠊的候选防治除草剂。单剂量筛选试验结果显示，29个种群产生抗性（RRR和RR）， 2个种群产生抗性（R?）， 1个种群易感。在全株剂量反应试验中，抗性生物型对氟卡巴酮钠的抗性水平较敏感标准提高了2.2 ~ 56.4倍。TSR机制研究表明，至少ALS基因P197S和D376E突变导致的ALS对氟卡巴酮钠的敏感性降低与日本小蠊种群的耐药性有关。有效除草剂筛选结果表明，本研究使用的后施除草剂防治效果有限，对日本小蠊部分种群的干重抑制率在70%以上，对中磺隆-甲基、pyroxsulam、氟卡巴酮- na +异proturon、氟卡巴酮- na +中磺隆-甲基和pyroxsulam +异proturon均有抑制作用。幸运的是，本研究获得了9种除草剂/除草剂混合剂，包括乙草胺、氟虫胺+二氟虫胺+氟他明、pyroxasulfone、氟虫胺、异丙醇+ pretilachlor + halo磺隆-甲基、三氟二莫嗪、辛甲基林、氟虫胺+二氟虫胺+异丙醇、氟虫胺+异丙醇，对抗性日本蜚蠊的防治效果均超过80%。这些研究结果将有助于了解日本蓟马对除草剂的抗性及其在农业实践中的管理。
{"title":"Flucarbazone-sodium resistance detection in Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murr.) and candidate herbicides for its chemical control in the wheat fields of the North China Plain","authors":"Hengzhi Wang , Yunxia Duan , Cheng Yang , Yi Li , Mengmeng Hu , Xinyu Sun , Ping Yu , Tao Jin , Jinxin Wang , Weitang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Japanese brome (<em>Bromus japonicus</em>), a competitive grass weed with extensive distribution in winter wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>) fields across the North China Plain, is naturally tolerant to many commercial post-emergence (POST) herbicides used in wheat. Flucarbazone-sodium, an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, is vital for the effective management of <em>B. japonicus</em> in winter wheat fields. However, resistance evolving in <em>B. japonicus</em> presents a major obstacle for maintaining sustainable weed management in winter wheat systems, and the current status of resistance remains unclear. Thus, we assessed the sensitivity of 33 <em>B. japonicus</em> populations, gathered from winter wheat fields across the North China Plain, to flucarbazone-sodium, and target-site resistance (TSR) mechanism was investigated. Moreover, the <em>B. japonicus</em> sensitivity to 20 other herbicides/herbicide mixtures was also evaluated to identify candidate herbicides for its control. The results of single-dose screen test showed that 29 populations evolved resistance (RRR and RR), 2 populations showed potential for developing resistance (R?) and 1 population was susceptible. Based on whole-plant dose-response assays, the resistant biotypes exhibited a 2.2–56.4-fold increase in resistance level to flucarbazone-sodium compared to the susceptible standard. The TSR mechanism investigation indicated that at least the decreased ALS sensitivity to flucarbazone-sodium caused by P197S and D376E mutations of ALS involved in the resistance in <em>B. japonicus</em> populations. The results of effective herbicide screening showed that POST-applied herbicide used in this study possessed limited control efficacy, with over 70 % dry weight inhibition of mesosulfuron-methyl, pyroxsulam, flucarbazone-Na + isoproturon, flucarbazone-Na + mesosulfuron-methyl and pyroxsulam + isoproturon for partial <em>B. japonicus</em> populations. Fortunately, 9 herbicides/herbicide mixtures applied pre-emergence (PRE) including acetochlor, flufenacet + diflufenican + flurtamon, pyroxasulfone, flufenacet, isoproturon + pretilachlor + halosulfuron-methyl, trifludimoxazin, cinmethylin, flufenacet + diflufenican + isoproturon, and flufenacet + isoproturon were obtained, possessing exceeding 80 % control efficacy against resistant <em>B. japonicus</em> in this study. These findings will be helpful for understanding the herbicide resistance in <em>B. japonicus</em> and its management in agricultural practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145784824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107549
Charles Martins de Oliveira , Tiago dos Santos Pereira , Larissa Pereira Mouro , Maria Cristina Canale
Maize is a major global cereal due to its high yield, adaptability, and wide use in food, industry, and energy. It plays a key role in combating food scarcity, especially in food-insecure countries. Brazil ranks third in maize production and is a leading exporter, contributing to global supply chains. Since 2015, however, Brazil has been increasingly threatened by corn stunt diseases, whose pathogens [maize bushy stunt phytoplasma (MBSP) and corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS)] are transmitted by the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). These diseases have no curative treatment and can lead to total crop failure in highly susceptible hybrids under high incidence conditions. In this study, it was estimated the economic and production losses associated with corn stunt diseases in Brazil using official data and field surveys conducted with stakeholders in the maize production sector. The findings indicate that corn stunt diseases led to an average production loss of 22.7 % between 2020 and 2024, equivalent to approximately 31.8 million tonnes annually, resulting in an estimated average annual financial loss of 6.5 billion dollars. Insecticide application costs for controlling D. maidis rose 19 % (2020/21–2023/24), exceeding 9 dollars per hectare. These results highlight the substantial impact of corn stunt diseases on maize production and reinforce the need for robust monitoring systems, systematic loss evaluations, and coordinated efforts across the production chain to mitigate their effects and adapt to ongoing challenges posed by this complex pathosystem.
{"title":"A disease complex: crop losses and economic impact of corn stunt diseases on Brazilian corn production","authors":"Charles Martins de Oliveira , Tiago dos Santos Pereira , Larissa Pereira Mouro , Maria Cristina Canale","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maize is a major global cereal due to its high yield, adaptability, and wide use in food, industry, and energy. It plays a key role in combating food scarcity, especially in food-insecure countries. Brazil ranks third in maize production and is a leading exporter, contributing to global supply chains. Since 2015, however, Brazil has been increasingly threatened by corn stunt diseases, whose pathogens [maize bushy stunt phytoplasma (MBSP) and corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS)] are transmitted by the corn leafhopper <em>Dalbulus maidis</em> (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). These diseases have no curative treatment and can lead to total crop failure in highly susceptible hybrids under high incidence conditions. In this study, it was estimated the economic and production losses associated with corn stunt diseases in Brazil using official data and field surveys conducted with stakeholders in the maize production sector. The findings indicate that corn stunt diseases led to an average production loss of 22.7 % between 2020 and 2024, equivalent to approximately 31.8 million tonnes annually, resulting in an estimated average annual financial loss of 6.5 billion dollars. Insecticide application costs for controlling <em>D. maidis</em> rose 19 % (2020/21–2023/24), exceeding 9 dollars per hectare. These results highlight the substantial impact of corn stunt diseases on maize production and reinforce the need for robust monitoring systems, systematic loss evaluations, and coordinated efforts across the production chain to mitigate their effects and adapt to ongoing challenges posed by this complex pathosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107496
Aarthi Nekkanti , Jagadeesh Patil , Sonia Soni , Raghubir Kumar Patidar , Priyank Hanuman Mhatre , Manjunatha T. Gowda , Vijaykumar R , B.S. Gotyal , S.N. Sushil
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are important biological agents used to control various insect pests and can be applied in conjunction with different insecticides. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the survival of infective juveniles (IJs) of two EPN species, Heterorhabditis indica and Steinernema carpocapsae, after exposure to fipronil and imidacloprid. The combination of these nematodes and insecticides at different rates for controlling the white grub Holotrichia serrata was evaluated both in the laboratory and in sugarcane fields. In laboratory assays, two insecticides, fipronil and imidacloprid, at different concentrations had no effect or a negligible effect on the survival of both nematode species, with mortality rates below 4.0 %. The combinations had a synergistic or additive effect on the third-instar grubs of H. serrata and caused faster and greater mortality than either an EPN species or an insecticide alone. Mortality and speed of kill were significantly increased in the combinations of H. indica–fipronil, H. indica–imidacloprid, and S. carpocapsae–imidacloprid, but nematode reproduction was also unaffected by these insecticides. However, both in the laboratory and in sugarcane fields, the degree of interaction varies with nematode species, being synergistic for H. indica–fipronil, H. indica–imidacloprid, and S. carpocapsae–imidacloprid against grubs. These three nematode–insecticide combinations produced significantly (P < 0.05) greater percentage reductions in Holotrichia serrata than did the chlorpyrifos treatment. We conclude that H. indica at 6.1 × 108 IJ ha−1 combined with imidacloprid or fipronil is a practical strategy for the management of H. serrata in sugarcane production.
{"title":"The combined application of entomopathogenic nematodes and insecticides: A strategy for the management of Holotrichia serrata (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in sugarcane","authors":"Aarthi Nekkanti , Jagadeesh Patil , Sonia Soni , Raghubir Kumar Patidar , Priyank Hanuman Mhatre , Manjunatha T. Gowda , Vijaykumar R , B.S. Gotyal , S.N. Sushil","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are important biological agents used to control various insect pests and can be applied in conjunction with different insecticides. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the survival of infective juveniles (IJs) of two EPN species, <em>Heterorhabditis indica</em> and <em>Steinernema carpocapsae</em>, after exposure to fipronil and imidacloprid. The combination of these nematodes and insecticides at different rates for controlling the white grub <em>Holotrichia serrata</em> was evaluated both in the laboratory and in sugarcane fields. In laboratory assays, two insecticides, fipronil and imidacloprid, at different concentrations had no effect or a negligible effect on the survival of both nematode species, with mortality rates below 4.0 %. The combinations had a synergistic or additive effect on the third-instar grubs of <em>H. serrata</em> and caused faster and greater mortality than either an EPN species or an insecticide alone. Mortality and speed of kill were significantly increased in the combinations of <em>H. indica</em>–fipronil, <em>H. indica</em>–imidacloprid, and <em>S. carpocapsae</em>–imidacloprid, but nematode reproduction was also unaffected by these insecticides. However, both in the laboratory and in sugarcane fields, the degree of interaction varies with nematode species, being synergistic for <em>H. indica</em>–fipronil, <em>H. indica</em>–imidacloprid, and <em>S. carpocapsae</em>–imidacloprid against grubs. These three nematode–insecticide combinations produced significantly (P < 0.05) greater percentage reductions in <em>Holotrichia serrata</em> than did the chlorpyrifos treatment. We conclude that <em>H. indica</em> at 6.1 × 10<sup>8</sup> IJ ha<sup>−1</sup> combined with imidacloprid or fipronil is a practical strategy for the management of <em>H</em>. <em>serrata</em> in sugarcane production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145598555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107536
Andrea Rilaković , Miloš Zarić , Vamsi Manthena , Ana M. Vélez Arango , Greg R. Kruger , Brian Krienke , Daran R. Rudnick , Julie A. Peterson
Western bean cutworm, Striacosta albicosta Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a significant pest in Midwestern U.S. corn (Zea mays L.) production. In Nebraska, foliar application of insecticides at the tasseling stage of corn is commonly performed via chemigation using overhead irrigation systems (center pivots). However, the efficacy of various chemigation practices for S. albicosta have not been well explored. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of chlorantraniliprole and bifenthrin, applied at both minimum and maximum label rates for bifenthrin (36.8 and 112.1 g a.i. ha−1) and chlorantraniliprole (52.7 and 75.1 g a.i. ha−1), using two application depths (6.35 mm and 19.05 mm). In 2021, chlorantraniliprole reduced ear feeding injury compared to bifenthrin 28 days after application (DAA). In 2022, no differences were observed between the two insecticides for the ear feeding injury. Throughout both field seasons, no S. albicosta larvae were found in plots treated with chlorantraniliprole during ear assessments at 28 DAA. This was not the case with bifenthrin, which provided moderate control. Application depths of the applied insecticides did not influence ear feeding injury.
Our results indicate that insecticide selection for S. albicosta management is more important than the depth of the application. Chlorantraniliprole provided superior larval control, supporting its use in chemigation-based management strategies for S. albicosta in corn.
西部豆蛾（Striacosta albicosta Smith）（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）是美国中西部玉米生产中的重要害虫。在内布拉斯加州，玉米抽雄期的叶面施用杀虫剂通常是通过使用架空灌溉系统（中心枢纽）进行化学灌溉。然而，各种化学处理方法对白色葡萄球菌的效果尚未得到很好的探讨。为评价氯虫腈和联苯菊酯的效果，开展了一项为期两年的实地研究，采用两种施药深度（6.35 mm和19.05 mm），分别以最小和最大标示剂量（36.8和112.1 g a.i. ha - 1）和氯虫腈（52.7和75.1 g a.i. ha - 1）施用联苯菊酯和联苯菊酯。2021年，与施用后28天的联苯菊酯（DAA）相比，氯虫腈减少了耳朵喂养损伤。2022年，两种杀虫剂对食耳损伤的防治效果无差异。在整个田间季节，在28 DAA的穗期评估中，氯虫腈处理的样地未发现白色葡萄球菌幼虫。联苯菊酯的情况并非如此，它提供了适度的控制。施用杀虫剂的深度对取食损伤无显著影响。结果表明，在白曲曲菌管理中，杀虫剂的选择比施用深度更重要。氯虫腈具有良好的幼虫控制效果，支持其在玉米白曲曲病菌化学防治策略中的应用。
{"title":"Chemigation efficacy of bifenthrin and chlorantraniliprole for Striacosta albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) management in corn under different irrigation depths","authors":"Andrea Rilaković , Miloš Zarić , Vamsi Manthena , Ana M. Vélez Arango , Greg R. Kruger , Brian Krienke , Daran R. Rudnick , Julie A. Peterson","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2026.107536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Western bean cutworm, <em>Striacosta albicosta</em> Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a significant pest in Midwestern U.S. corn (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) production. In Nebraska, foliar application of insecticides at the tasseling stage of corn is commonly performed via chemigation using overhead irrigation systems (center pivots). However, the efficacy of various chemigation practices for <em>S. albicosta</em> have not been well explored. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of chlorantraniliprole and bifenthrin, applied at both minimum and maximum label rates for bifenthrin (36.8 and 112.1 g a.i. ha<sup>−1</sup>) and chlorantraniliprole (52.7 and 75.1 g a.i. ha<sup>−1</sup>), using two application depths (6.35 mm and 19.05 mm). In 2021, chlorantraniliprole reduced ear feeding injury compared to bifenthrin 28 days after application (DAA). In 2022, no differences were observed between the two insecticides for the ear feeding injury. Throughout both field seasons, no <em>S. albicosta</em> larvae were found in plots treated with chlorantraniliprole during ear assessments at 28 DAA. This was not the case with bifenthrin, which provided moderate control. Application depths of the applied insecticides did not influence ear feeding injury.</div><div>Our results indicate that insecticide selection for <em>S. albicosta</em> management is more important than the depth of the application. Chlorantraniliprole provided superior larval control, supporting its use in chemigation-based management strategies for <em>S. albicosta</em> in corn.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107519
Shu Miura , Tianlan Liao , Xing Du , Jinyan Luo , Ying Shen , Lei Chen , Bin Li , Qianli An
British bluebell [Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Chouard ex Rothm.] is native to British Isles and North-Central Europe and has been introduced to America, Oceania, and Asia due to its aesthetic and horticultural appeal. In November 2022, rotten bulbs of British bluebell were found in Songjiang District, Shanghai, China. Fungal isolates from the rotten bulbs were identified as Fusarium based on ITS sequences. Further analyses of tef1, rpb1, and rpb2 barcoding sequences and conidial micromorphology identified the Fusarium isolates as F. solani. The pathogenicity of the F. solani isolates was verified and fulfilled Koch's postulates. This is the first report that F. solani causes bulb rot of British bluebell.
英国风信子[风信子属]Chouard ex Rothm。原产于不列颠群岛和中欧北部，由于其美学和园艺的吸引力，已被引入美洲、大洋洲和亚洲。2022年11月，在中国上海松江区发现了英国风信子腐烂的球茎。从腐烂球茎中分离的真菌经ITS序列鉴定为镰刀菌。进一步分析菌株的tef1、rpb1和rpb2条形码序列和分生孢子微观形态，确定菌株为枯萎镰刀菌。梭兰氏菌分离株的致病性得到证实，并符合科赫的假设。这是首次报道由茄蚜引起的英国风信子球茎腐病。
{"title":"First report of Fusarium solani causing bulb rot of British bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta)","authors":"Shu Miura , Tianlan Liao , Xing Du , Jinyan Luo , Ying Shen , Lei Chen , Bin Li , Qianli An","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>British bluebell [<em>Hyacinthoides non-scripta</em> (L.) Chouard ex Rothm.] is native to British Isles and North-Central Europe and has been introduced to America, Oceania, and Asia due to its aesthetic and horticultural appeal. In November 2022, rotten bulbs of British bluebell were found in Songjiang District, Shanghai, China. Fungal isolates from the rotten bulbs were identified as <em>Fusarium</em> based on ITS sequences. Further analyses of <em>tef1</em>, <em>rpb1</em>, and <em>rpb2</em> barcoding sequences and conidial micromorphology identified the <em>Fusarium</em> isolates as <em>F. solani</em>. The pathogenicity of the <em>F. solani</em> isolates was verified and fulfilled Koch's postulates. This is the first report that <em>F. solani</em> causes bulb rot of British bluebell.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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