Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107017
D.T. Manyama , R.R. Madege , S.M.S. Massomo
Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) is often considered a “miracle plant” due to its multiple uses, including its extracts reported insecticidal and fungicidal effects. This study assessed the efficacy of aqueous extract from dried leaves of J. curcas and Sulphur 99.5% WP fungicide in managing Aspergillus flavus growth and Aspergillus ear rot (AER) in maize at harvest across two sites. Treatments included botanical extracts at 300 g/L (T1), 350 g/L (T2), Sulphur at 5 g/L (T3) and 10 g/L (T4), and combinations of botanical extracts with Sulphur at both low and high concentrations (T5 and T6). Additionally, Aflasafe TZ01™ and untreated control were used as checks. At site 1, T2 and T6 significantly reduced AER incidence (10% and 13.33%, respectively) compared to the untreated control (70%). At site 2, most treatments, particularly the combinations of botanicals and sulphur, had lower AER incidences than the control. All treatments significantly reduced AER severity at site 1, where the untreated control exhibited the highest severity (67%). A similar trend was observed at site 2, although Aflasafe showed severity levels comparable to the control. Significant differences in A. flavus population counts were observed among treatments at both sites, with higher dosages of botanical extracts and their combinations with sulphur showing lower counts than the untreated control. The counts, in Colony Forming Units per gram (CFU/g), ranged from 171.5 (T6) to 490.9 (untreated control) and 80.5 (T6) to 554.4 (untreated control) in sites 1 and 2, respectively. These findings indicate that Jatropha curcas, either alone or in combination with sulphur, hold potential as a component of integrated management strategies against Aspergillus flavus infections at the pre-harvest stage.
{"title":"Efficacy of Jatropha curcas extracts amended with sulphur against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ear rot on maize at harvest","authors":"D.T. Manyama , R.R. Madege , S.M.S. Massomo","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Jatropha curcas</em> (Euphorbiaceae) is often considered a “miracle plant” due to its multiple uses, including its extracts reported insecticidal and fungicidal effects. This study assessed the efficacy of aqueous extract from dried leaves of <em>J. curcas</em> and Sulphur 99.5% WP fungicide in managing <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> growth and <em>Aspergillus</em> ear rot (AER) in maize at harvest across two sites. Treatments included botanical extracts at 300 g/L (T1), 350 g/L (T2), Sulphur at 5 g/L (T3) and 10 g/L (T4), and combinations of botanical extracts with Sulphur at both low and high concentrations (T5 and T6). Additionally, Aflasafe TZ01™ and untreated control were used as checks. At site 1, T2 and T6 significantly reduced AER incidence (10% and 13.33%, respectively) compared to the untreated control (70%). At site 2, most treatments, particularly the combinations of botanicals and sulphur, had lower AER incidences than the control. All treatments significantly reduced AER severity at site 1, where the untreated control exhibited the highest severity (67%). A similar trend was observed at site 2, although Aflasafe showed severity levels comparable to the control. Significant differences in <em>A. flavus</em> population counts were observed among treatments at both sites, with higher dosages of botanical extracts and their combinations with sulphur showing lower counts than the untreated control. The counts, in Colony Forming Units per gram (CFU/g), ranged from 171.5 (T6) to 490.9 (untreated control) and 80.5 (T6) to 554.4 (untreated control) in sites 1 and 2, respectively. These findings indicate that <em>Jatropha curcas</em>, either alone or in combination with sulphur, hold potential as a component of integrated management strategies against <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> infections at the pre-harvest stage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bollworms and sap-sucking insect pests are a significant constraint to cotton production in Africa. Manual topping of cotton plants, which consists of cutting off the top of the plant, i.e. the terminal bud of the main stem, is a promising alternative to chemical control by removing resources for certain pests or inducing plant defences. In this study, we evaluated the level of protection by topping against bollworms and sap-sucking insect pests and the effect of topping on seed cotton yield. Six experiments combining insecticide protection (sprayed vs. unsprayed plots) and topping (topped vs. non-topped plots) were conducted in Mali and Senegal. Topping by itself conferred weak protection against bollworms with an 11% reduction in the proportion of damaged shed squares and bolls, compared to insecticide protection (−55%). Topping had a low to moderate effectiveness in reducing the incidence of sap-sucking pests (−20 to −48%), but equivalent to insecticide treatments. Although topping significantly reduced the proportion of damaged bolls (−31%) at harvest in the absence of insecticide protection, this did not substantially affect seed cotton yield (+4%), unlike insecticide protection (+52%). However, this technique could be advantageously combined with threshold-based interventions integrating biopesticides to reduce the environmental impact of crop protection in cotton.
{"title":"Effect of manual topping on insect pest incidence and cotton yield","authors":"Daouda S. Maiga , Moribo Coulibaly , Amadou Traoré , Djibril Badiane , Idrissa Tereta , Bernard Sodio , Thierry Brévault","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bollworms and sap-sucking insect pests are a significant constraint to cotton production in Africa. Manual topping of cotton plants, which consists of cutting off the top of the plant, i.e. the terminal bud of the main stem, is a promising alternative to chemical control by removing resources for certain pests or inducing plant defences. In this study, we evaluated the level of protection by topping against bollworms and sap-sucking insect pests and the effect of topping on seed cotton yield. Six experiments combining insecticide protection (sprayed vs. unsprayed plots) and topping (topped vs. non-topped plots) were conducted in Mali and Senegal. Topping by itself conferred weak protection against bollworms with an 11% reduction in the proportion of damaged shed squares and bolls, compared to insecticide protection (−55%). Topping had a low to moderate effectiveness in reducing the incidence of sap-sucking pests (−20 to −48%), but equivalent to insecticide treatments. Although topping significantly reduced the proportion of damaged bolls (−31%) at harvest in the absence of insecticide protection, this did not substantially affect seed cotton yield (+4%), unlike insecticide protection (+52%). However, this technique could be advantageously combined with threshold-based interventions integrating biopesticides to reduce the environmental impact of crop protection in cotton.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107012
Isadora Rodrigues Garcia Gondo , Matheus Ricardo da Rocha , Cayo Yoshihiro Gondo , Kaique dos Santos Alves , Breno Benvindo dos Anjos , Simone de Paiva Caetano Bucker Moraes , Guilherme de Rezende Camara , Moises Zucoloto , Dimmy Herllen Silveira Gomes Barbosa , Fábio Ramos Alves , André da Silva Xavier , Samuel de Assis Silva , Willian Bucker Moraes
Guava, Psidium guajava L., is one of the most produced fruit trees in tropical and subtropical regions but the presence of Meloidogyne enterelobii Yang & Eisenback (Order: Tylenchida, Family: Heteroderidae) in orchards reduces fruit productivity by up to 65%, justifying integrated management programs constantly searching for methods for its efficient and sustainable control. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential of chemical, biological, and resistance induction control methods to reduce the variables associated with M. enterelobii in guava orchards. This study was conducted in two areas with guava trees (cv. Paluma) naturally infested with M. enterelobii populations. Commercial doses of products based on Trichoderma harzianum (TRI), Ascophyllum nodosum + potassium hydroxide (EG), and fluensulfone (NI) were applied alone and in interactions in seven treatments + control. Soil and root samples from each treatment were collected monthly and the number of M. entorolobiieggs and individuals and normalized difference vegetation indices were quantified. Analyses conducted on R found that the joint use of TRI + EG reduced M. entorolobii by up to 50% at the soil level, further decreasing reproduction factors and that TRI obtained a 59% reduction at the soil level. Treatments with EG showed higher average productions. These results justify the importance of alternative methods and their possible association with chemicals to manage guava root-knot nematodes.
番石榴（Psidium guajava L.）是热带和亚热带地区产量最高的果树之一，但果园中出现的 Meloidogyne enterelobii Yang & Eisenback（目：Tylenchida，科：Heteroderidae）会降低果实产量达 65%，因此综合管理计划需要不断寻找高效、可持续的控制方法。因此，本研究旨在调查化学、生物和抗性诱导控制方法的潜力，以减少番石榴果园中与 M. enterelobii 相关的变量。本研究在两个番石榴树（变种 Paluma）自然侵染 M. enterelobii 种群的地区进行。在七个处理和对照组中，单独或交互使用了商业剂量的产品，这些产品分别基于毛霉菌（TRI）、Ascophyllum nodosum + 氢氧化钾（EG）和氟磺隆（NI）。每月收集各处理的土壤和根部样本，并量化恩托罗比氏菌的数量和个体以及归一化差异植被指数。对 R 进行的分析发现，联合使用 TRI + EG 可使土壤中的 M. entorolobii 减少 50%，进一步降低繁殖系数，而 TRI 可使土壤中的 M. entorolobii 减少 59%。使用 EG 的处理显示出更高的平均产量。这些结果证明了替代方法的重要性，以及这些方法可能与化学药剂相结合来管理番石榴根结线虫。
{"title":"Temporal dynamics of guava root-knot nematode under the effect of different management methods","authors":"Isadora Rodrigues Garcia Gondo , Matheus Ricardo da Rocha , Cayo Yoshihiro Gondo , Kaique dos Santos Alves , Breno Benvindo dos Anjos , Simone de Paiva Caetano Bucker Moraes , Guilherme de Rezende Camara , Moises Zucoloto , Dimmy Herllen Silveira Gomes Barbosa , Fábio Ramos Alves , André da Silva Xavier , Samuel de Assis Silva , Willian Bucker Moraes","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Guava, <em>Psidium guajava</em> L., is one of the most produced fruit trees in tropical and subtropical regions but the presence of <em>Meloidogyne enterelobii</em> Yang & Eisenback (Order: Tylenchida, Family: Heteroderidae) in orchards reduces fruit productivity by up to 65%, justifying integrated management programs constantly searching for methods for its efficient and sustainable control. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential of chemical, biological, and resistance induction control methods to reduce the variables associated with <em>M. enterelobii</em> in guava orchards. This study was conducted in two areas with guava trees (cv. Paluma) naturally infested with <em>M. enterelobii</em> populations. Commercial doses of products based on <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> (TRI), <em>Ascophyllum nodosum</em> + potassium hydroxide (EG), and fluensulfone (NI) were applied alone and in interactions in seven treatments + control. Soil and root samples from each treatment were collected monthly and the number of <em>M. entorolobii</em>eggs and individuals and normalized difference vegetation indices were quantified. Analyses conducted on R found that the joint use of TRI + EG reduced <em>M. entorolobii</em> by up to 50% at the soil level, further decreasing reproduction factors and that TRI obtained a 59% reduction at the soil level. Treatments with EG showed higher average productions. These results justify the importance of alternative methods and their possible association with chemicals to manage guava root-knot nematodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107015
Tania Pogue , Kevin Malod , Christopher W. Weldon
Plant-derived phenylpropanoids are semiochemicals that are often highly attractive to Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) males. One of these semiochemicals, methyl eugenol (ME), is used in the male annihilation technique (MAT) for the management of B. dorsalis (Hendel), a destructive horticultural pest. It is not normally viable to simultaneously implement MAT with the sterile insect technique (SIT), as released sterile males are attracted to MAT devices. However, prior semiochemical exposure can reduce the later response of Bactrocera males to the same or another semiochemical, which may allow the synchronous application of MAT and SIT. We determined how the interaction between semiochemical pre-feeding, weather, and fly physiology impacted the response of male B. dorsalis to ME baited traps. Response by a known number of males in field cages was determined in relation to temperature, relative humidity, semiochemical pre-feeding (ME, eugenol, or none), diet (protein supplemented and protein deprived) and age (4, 10 and 20 days old). Semiochemical pre-feeding of both ME and eugenol equally decreased the response of males that were 10 days old, or older, to ME baited traps. Adult diet had no effect on the response of males to ME baited traps. Response improved as temperature and relative humidity increased. These results highlight the feasibility of synchronous MAT-SIT programmes targeting B. dorsalis and the viability of continued protein supplementation of sterile males. We show that eugenol is an alternative to ME for suppression of male B. dorsalis response to MAT devices and that weather conditions significantly affect the variability and reliability of abundance estimates from trap captures.
植物提取的苯丙酮类是一种半化学物质，通常对双翅目（双翅目：Tephritidae）雄虫具有很强的吸引力。其中一种半化学物质甲基丁香酚（ME）被用于雄虫歼灭技术（MAT），以控制破坏性园艺害虫 B. dorsalis (Hendel)。由于释放的不育雄虫会被歼灭雄虫技术装置吸引，因此通常无法同时实施歼灭雄虫技术和昆虫不育技术（SIT）。不过，事先接触半化学物质会降低雄性芽胞虫对同一种或另一种半化学物质的反应，从而使 MAT 和 SIT 的应用同步进行。我们确定了半化学物质预喂食、天气和苍蝇生理机能之间的相互作用如何影响雄性背甲双壳虫对 ME 诱饵诱捕器的反应。田间笼子中已知数量雄蝇的反应与温度、相对湿度、半化学预喂食（ME、丁香酚或无）、饮食（补充蛋白质和缺乏蛋白质）和年龄（4、10 和 20 天）有关。预喂 ME 和丁香酚的半化学物质同样降低了 10 天大或更大的雄性对 ME 诱饵诱捕器的反应。成虫饮食对雄性对 ME 诱饵诱捕器的反应没有影响。随着温度和相对湿度的升高，雄性对ME诱捕器的反应也会提高。这些结果凸显了针对背腹扁虱的同步 MAT-SIT 计划的可行性，以及对不育雄虫持续补充蛋白质的可行性。我们的研究表明，丁香酚是抑制雄性背带蝠对 MAT 装置反应的一种替代 ME 的方法，而且天气条件会显著影响诱捕器捕获量估计值的可变性和可靠性。
{"title":"Effects of semiochemical pre-feeding, physiological state, and weather on the response of Bactrocera dorsalis to methyl eugenol baited traps","authors":"Tania Pogue , Kevin Malod , Christopher W. Weldon","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant-derived phenylpropanoids are semiochemicals that are often highly attractive to <em>Bactrocera</em> (Diptera: Tephritidae) males. One of these semiochemicals, methyl eugenol (ME), is used in the male annihilation technique (MAT) for the management of <em>B. dorsalis</em> (Hendel), a destructive horticultural pest. It is not normally viable to simultaneously implement MAT with the sterile insect technique (SIT), as released sterile males are attracted to MAT devices. However, prior semiochemical exposure can reduce the later response of <em>Bactrocera</em> males to the same or another semiochemical, which may allow the synchronous application of MAT and SIT. We determined how the interaction between semiochemical pre-feeding, weather, and fly physiology impacted the response of male <em>B. dorsalis</em> to ME baited traps. Response by a known number of males in field cages was determined in relation to temperature, relative humidity, semiochemical pre-feeding (ME, eugenol, or none), diet (protein supplemented and protein deprived) and age (4, 10 and 20 days old). Semiochemical pre-feeding of both ME and eugenol equally decreased the response of males that were 10 days old, or older, to ME baited traps. Adult diet had no effect on the response of males to ME baited traps. Response improved as temperature and relative humidity increased. These results highlight the feasibility of synchronous MAT-SIT programmes targeting <em>B. dorsalis</em> and the viability of continued protein supplementation of sterile males. We show that eugenol is an alternative to ME for suppression of male <em>B. dorsalis</em> response to MAT devices and that weather conditions significantly affect the variability and reliability of abundance estimates from trap captures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107014
Yi-Lin Chen , Bing-Yao Peng , Yu Wan , De-Wei Li , Li-Hua Zhu
Salix matsudana Koidz. is a popular ornamental tree in China and extensively cultured throughout Asia. It is renowned for its remarkable adaptability to challenging conditions, high biomass, rapid growth, and flood tolerances. In October 2022, a leaf blotch disease was observed in Rudong City, Jiangsu, China. This disease significantly impacted the ornamental and ecological value of the host tree. Fungal isolates, obtained from symptomatic leaves, were confirmed to be pathogenic to S. matsudana following pathogenicity tests. Phylogenetic analysis using seven loci (ITS, SSU, RPB2, LSU, ALTα-1, TEF1-α and GAPDH) and morphological characterization of the nine isolates revealed that they belonged to Alternaria alternata, Alternaria arborescens, and Alternaria koreana. This study represents the first study of Alternaria causing leaf blotch in S. matsudana. It provides valuable insights for disease management and enhances our understanding of Alternaria species diversity in China.
{"title":"Identification and characterization of Alternaria spp. causing leaf blotch on Salix matsudana: A study from Rudong city, China","authors":"Yi-Lin Chen , Bing-Yao Peng , Yu Wan , De-Wei Li , Li-Hua Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salix matsudana</em> Koidz. is a popular ornamental tree in China and extensively cultured throughout Asia. It is renowned for its remarkable adaptability to challenging conditions, high biomass, rapid growth, and flood tolerances. In October 2022, a leaf blotch disease was observed in Rudong City, Jiangsu, China. This disease significantly impacted the ornamental and ecological value of the host tree. Fungal isolates, obtained from symptomatic leaves, were confirmed to be pathogenic to <em>S. matsudana</em> following pathogenicity tests. Phylogenetic analysis using seven loci (ITS, <em>SSU</em>, <em>RPB</em>2, <em>LSU</em>, <em>ALTα-1</em>, <em>TEF1-α</em> and <em>GAPDH</em>) and morphological characterization of the nine isolates revealed that they belonged to <em>Alternaria alternata</em>, <em>Alternaria arborescens</em>, and <em>Alternaria koreana</em>. This study represents the first study of <em>Alternaria</em> causing leaf blotch in <em>S. matsudana</em>. It provides valuable insights for disease management and enhances our understanding of <em>Alternaria</em> species diversity in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107013
S.S. Veena , J. Sreekumar , M.L. Jeeva , G. Byju , G. Suja , S. Sengupta , C. Thangamani , Padmakshi Thakur , Ashish Narayan , Pradnya S. Gudadhe , S. Sunitha
Collar rot, caused by the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii, is the most widespread and devastating disease affecting elephant foot yam (EFY), leading to significant yield loss. In addition to causing economic damage, high disease incidence results in postharvest rot and a lack of quality planting material for the next season. The increasing incidence of collar rot in the past decade is alarming, and existing management practices have not effectively controlled the pathogen. Therefore, there was an urgent need to develop an effective management strategy to mitigate crop loss. The combination of fungicide, Carbendazim + Mancozeb, bio-agents Trichoderma asperellum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, showed high inhibition in lab studies. A preliminary field trial was conducted with these selected bio-agents and fungicide, in addition to the organic amendment vermicompost. Based on the results of the preliminary field trial and another study on managing postharvest rot in elephant foot yam, treatments were finalized, and field trials were conducted over 3 years at ICAR-CTCRI. These results were further validated by testing the same treatments in five states of India. Dipping the corms in a combination fungicide (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP) for 10 min before storage, treating the corms with cow dung slurry enriched with T. asperellum at 5 g/kg corm three days before planting, and drenching the plant base twice with the same fungicide resulted in the lowest disease incidence (3.19%) and highest yield (36.70 t ha⁻1) compared to 12.85% disease incidence and 28.37 t ha⁻1 yield in the control.
{"title":"Optimizing management interventions against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. On elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson) in India","authors":"S.S. Veena , J. Sreekumar , M.L. Jeeva , G. Byju , G. Suja , S. Sengupta , C. Thangamani , Padmakshi Thakur , Ashish Narayan , Pradnya S. Gudadhe , S. Sunitha","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Collar rot, caused by the fungus <em>Sclerotium rolfsii</em>, is the most widespread and devastating disease affecting elephant foot yam (EFY), leading to significant yield loss. In addition to causing economic damage, high disease incidence results in postharvest rot and a lack of quality planting material for the next season. The increasing incidence of collar rot in the past decade is alarming, and existing management practices have not effectively controlled the pathogen. Therefore, there was an urgent need to develop an effective management strategy to mitigate crop loss. The combination of fungicide, Carbendazim + Mancozeb, bio-agents <em>Trichoderma asperellum</em> and <em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</em>, showed high inhibition in lab studies. A preliminary field trial was conducted with these selected bio-agents and fungicide, in addition to the organic amendment vermicompost. Based on the results of the preliminary field trial and another study on managing postharvest rot in elephant foot yam, treatments were finalized, and field trials were conducted over 3 years at ICAR-CTCRI. These results were further validated by testing the same treatments in five states of India. Dipping the corms in a combination fungicide (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP) for 10 min before storage, treating the corms with cow dung slurry enriched with <em>T. asperellum</em> at 5 g/kg corm three days before planting, and drenching the plant base twice with the same fungicide resulted in the lowest disease incidence (3.19%) and highest yield (36.70 t ha⁻<sup>1</sup>) compared to 12.85% disease incidence and 28.37 t ha⁻<sup>1</sup> yield in the control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107011
Chloe Yi-Luo Cho , Shea Crowther , Alexa Stratton , Dan Olmstead , Katja Poveda
Seedcorn maggot (Delia platura) is a globally distributed agricultural pest that feeds on the germinating seeds of economically important crops, including corn and beans. The larvae cause underground damage, which can lead to stand loss. For decades, D. platura has been managed using insecticide-coated seeds, but following the ban on neonicotinoid-coated corn, soy, and wheat seeds in New York State, this practice will no longer be available. Degree day models have been used to predict the emergence of the overwintering generation of agricultural pests since the late 1900s. However, the terminology used in the literature to distinguish degree day thresholds for first emergence and peak emergence is unclear, and previous reports of a 360 degree day emergence threshold did not align with field observations. In 2023, we captured the first emergence at four sites, and in 2024, we monitored adult D. platura at 25 sites in New York State. We observed the first adult emergence between 52 and 197 accumulated degree days (98 ± 7 degree days, mean ± 1 SE) using a biofix of January 1st, confirming that in New York State, D. platura emergence is earlier than previously reported values. Additionally, we note adult activity during December 2023 and January 2024, suggesting that warming winters may impact our ability to predict pest emergence. We propose future models should incorporate both degree day information and other regionally specific factors known to impact pests, including farm management, soil conditions, and landscape composition, for more accurate predictions.
{"title":"Validation of degree day threshold for Delia platura first emergence in New York State","authors":"Chloe Yi-Luo Cho , Shea Crowther , Alexa Stratton , Dan Olmstead , Katja Poveda","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seedcorn maggot <em>(Delia platura)</em> is a globally distributed agricultural pest that feeds on the germinating seeds of economically important crops, including corn and beans. The larvae cause underground damage, which can lead to stand loss. For decades, <em>D. platura</em> has been managed using insecticide-coated seeds, but following the ban on neonicotinoid-coated corn, soy, and wheat seeds in New York State, this practice will no longer be available. Degree day models have been used to predict the emergence of the overwintering generation of agricultural pests since the late 1900s. However, the terminology used in the literature to distinguish degree day thresholds for first emergence and peak emergence is unclear, and previous reports of a 360 degree day emergence threshold did not align with field observations. In 2023, we captured the first emergence at four sites, and in 2024, we monitored adult <em>D. platura</em> at 25 sites in New York State. We observed the first adult emergence between 52 and 197 accumulated degree days (98 ± 7 degree days, mean ± 1 SE) using a biofix of January 1st, confirming that in New York State, <em>D. platura</em> emergence is earlier than previously reported values. Additionally, we note adult activity during December 2023 and January 2024, suggesting that warming winters may impact our ability to predict pest emergence. We propose future models should incorporate both degree day information and other regionally specific factors known to impact pests, including farm management, soil conditions, and landscape composition, for more accurate predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107008
Kangting Yan , Xiaobing Song , Jing Yang , Junqi Xiao , Xidan Xu , Jun Guo , Hongyun Zhu , Yubin Lan , Yali Zhang
This study explored rapid detection techniques for citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), a disease that severely impacts global citrus production. The method based on hyperspectral technology combined with machine learning algorithms provides new ideas for rapid HLB identification. Algorithm selection is crucial for processing efficiency and hyperspectral data interpretation. Hyperspectral data from healthy, mild HLB-infected, and macular (not related to HLB) citrus leaves were captured using a hyperspectrometer, with qPCR validation. Three preprocessing methods were selected to preprocess the spectral data. Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) and Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA) were used to extract feature bands from the hyperspectral data, and the range of the number of filtered feature bands as a percentage of the full band was 22.87%–28.31% and 3.27%–4.17%, respectively. Five distinct algorithms were then employed to construct classification models. Upon evaluation, the SPA-STD-SVM algorithm combination proved most effective, boasting a 97.46% accuracy and a 98.55% recall rate. The results demonstrate that suitable machine learning algorithms can effectively classify the hyperspectral data of citrus leaves in three different states: healthy, mild HLB-infected, and macular. This provides an effective approach for using hyperspectral data to differentiate citrus Huanglongbing.
{"title":"Citrus huanglongbing detection: A hyperspectral data-driven model integrating feature band selection with machine learning algorithms","authors":"Kangting Yan , Xiaobing Song , Jing Yang , Junqi Xiao , Xidan Xu , Jun Guo , Hongyun Zhu , Yubin Lan , Yali Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored rapid detection techniques for citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), a disease that severely impacts global citrus production. The method based on hyperspectral technology combined with machine learning algorithms provides new ideas for rapid HLB identification. Algorithm selection is crucial for processing efficiency and hyperspectral data interpretation. Hyperspectral data from healthy, mild HLB-infected, and macular (not related to HLB) citrus leaves were captured using a hyperspectrometer, with qPCR validation. Three preprocessing methods were selected to preprocess the spectral data. Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) and Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA) were used to extract feature bands from the hyperspectral data, and the range of the number of filtered feature bands as a percentage of the full band was 22.87%–28.31% and 3.27%–4.17%, respectively. Five distinct algorithms were then employed to construct classification models. Upon evaluation, the SPA-STD-SVM algorithm combination proved most effective, boasting a 97.46% accuracy and a 98.55% recall rate. The results demonstrate that suitable machine learning algorithms can effectively classify the hyperspectral data of citrus leaves in three different states: healthy, mild HLB-infected, and macular. This provides an effective approach for using hyperspectral data to differentiate citrus Huanglongbing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107009
Rahim Ullah, Susanne K. Wiedmer
The growing demand for eco-friendly bio-based agrochemicals with lower health hazards and optimal pest management options boosts the production and utilization of biopesticides. This review provides a comprehensive overview of two toxic weed species Datura alba (Solanaceae family), and Calotropis gigantea (Asclepiadaceae family) with a specific focus on extraction with various solvents, phytochemistry, and biopesticidal activities. The data presented in this article shows that these two toxic weeds species have been studied and reported for biopesticidal activities like antifeedant, ovicidal, insecticidal, larvicidal, antibacterial, and repelling ability against various insects/crop pests. Phytochemical analysis shows that these two weed species have distinct biochemical profiles. However, studies lack systematic screening of the biochemical profiles. In addition, the review highlights the gaps in previous research and suggests that there is a need for well-detailed phytochemical profiling, spectrum of action and mode of action for the future use of these weed plants in the development of biological control agents.
{"title":"Potential biopesticides from Datura alba and Calotropis gigantea: Extraction, analysis, and reported compounds","authors":"Rahim Ullah, Susanne K. Wiedmer","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for eco-friendly bio-based agrochemicals with lower health hazards and optimal pest management options boosts the production and utilization of biopesticides. This review provides a comprehensive overview of two toxic weed species <em>Datura alba (Solanaceae</em> family), and <em>Calotropis gigantea (Asclepiadaceae</em> family) with a specific focus on extraction with various solvents, phytochemistry, and biopesticidal activities. The data presented in this article shows that these two toxic weeds species have been studied and reported for biopesticidal activities like antifeedant, ovicidal, insecticidal, larvicidal, antibacterial, and repelling ability against various insects/crop pests. Phytochemical analysis shows that these two weed species have distinct biochemical profiles. However, studies lack systematic screening of the biochemical profiles. In addition, the review highlights the gaps in previous research and suggests that there is a need for well-detailed phytochemical profiling, spectrum of action and mode of action for the future use of these weed plants in the development of biological control agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conservation biological control (CBC) aims to enhance pest regulation/suppression by intentionally attracting, retaining, and promoting the fitness and effectiveness of natural enemies. Due to carbohydrate sources being highly limited in agroecosystems, providing alternative carbohydrate sources (i.e., nectar sugars, starches) can enhance the survival, fecundity, and effectiveness of natural enemies. Under laboratory conditions, we analyzed five flowering non-crop plant species in habitat management on the longevity, egg load, and reproductive performance of the parasitoid, Aenasirus bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a key natural enemy of mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Moreover, we measured the influence of the flowering candidates on the host preference and population growth of P. solenopsis. All five flowering non-crop plant species, Fagopyrum esculentum (Polygonaceae), Tagetes erecta (Asteraceae), Vicia faba (Fabaceae), Lobularia maritima (Brassicaceae), and Coriandrum sativum (Apiaceae) promoted the longevity and egg load of A. bambawalei when compared with water only. However, only the females fed on F. esculentum, V. faba, and L. maritima produced 16% and 13% higher total offspring and female offspring than on water, respectively. None of these five non-crop plant species increased the population of mealybugs on crop plants or in the overall system (non-crop plants + crop plants), and there was no significant difference in their abundance across the five different plant combinations. All five flowering candidates positively affected the longevity and/or reproductive capabilities of A. bambawalei without causing an increase in the population of mealybugs on crop plants.
保护性生物防治（CBC）旨在通过有意吸引、保留和促进天敌的适应性和有效性来加强对害虫的控制/抑制。由于农业生态系统中碳水化合物来源非常有限，提供替代碳水化合物来源（如花蜜糖、淀粉）可提高天敌的存活率、繁殖力和有效性。在实验室条件下，我们分析了栖息地管理中的五种开花非作物植物对寄生虫 Aenasirus bambawalei Hayat（膜翅目：Encyrtidae）寿命、产卵量和繁殖性能的影响，Aenasirus bambawalei Hayat 是蚧壳虫 Phenacoccus solenopsis（半翅目：伪球虫科）的主要天敌。此外，我们还测量了开花候选植物对蚧壳虫寄主偏好和种群增长的影响。与只喂水相比，五种开花的非农作物物种：蓼科（Fagopyrum esculentum）、菊科（Tagetes erecta）、豆科（Vicia faba）、芸香科（Lobularia maritima）和芫荽科（Coriandrum sativum）都能提高褐飞虱的寿命和产卵量。然而，只有喂食 F. esculentum、V. faba 和 L. maritima 的雌虫的总后代数和雌性后代数分别比喂食水的高出 16% 和 13%。这五种非作物植物都不会增加作物植株上或整个系统（非作物植株+作物植株）中的蚧壳虫数量，五种不同植物组合中的蚧壳虫数量也没有显著差异。所有这五种开花候选植物都会对 A. bambawalei 的寿命和/或繁殖能力产生积极影响，但不会导致作物植株上的蚧虫数量增加。
{"title":"Adding non-crop plants enhances parasitoid fitness on potato plants, but not pest densities","authors":"Yusha Wang, Yongping Zhou, Ruwen Li, Ambreen Masqsood, Hongsong Chen, Zhenqiang Qin, Jingfang Yang, Jiali Zhang, Lin Jing, Huihua Tan, Zhongshi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107010","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation biological control (CBC) aims to enhance pest regulation/suppression by intentionally attracting, retaining, and promoting the fitness and effectiveness of natural enemies. Due to carbohydrate sources being highly limited in agroecosystems, providing alternative carbohydrate sources (i.e., nectar sugars, starches) can enhance the survival, fecundity, and effectiveness of natural enemies. Under laboratory conditions, we analyzed five flowering non-crop plant species in habitat management on the longevity, egg load, and reproductive performance of the parasitoid, <ce:italic>Aenasirus bambawalei</ce:italic> Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a key natural enemy of mealybug <ce:italic>Phenacoccus solenopsis</ce:italic> (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Moreover, we measured the influence of the flowering candidates on the host preference and population growth of <ce:italic>P. solenopsis</ce:italic>. All five flowering non-crop plant species, <ce:italic>Fagopyrum esculentum</ce:italic> (Polygonaceae), <ce:italic>Tagetes erecta</ce:italic> (Asteraceae), <ce:italic>Vicia faba</ce:italic> (Fabaceae), <ce:italic>Lobularia maritima</ce:italic> (Brassicaceae), and <ce:italic>Coriandrum sativum</ce:italic> (Apiaceae) promoted the longevity and egg load of <ce:italic>A. bambawalei</ce:italic> when compared with water only. However, only the females fed on <ce:italic>F. esculentum</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>V. faba,</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>L. maritima</ce:italic> produced 16% and 13% higher total offspring and female offspring than on water, respectively. None of these five non-crop plant species increased the population of mealybugs on crop plants or in the overall system (non-crop plants + crop plants), and there was no significant difference in their abundance across the five different plant combinations. All five flowering candidates positively affected the longevity and/or reproductive capabilities of <ce:italic>A. bambawalei</ce:italic> without causing an increase in the population of mealybugs on crop plants.","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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