Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107163
Natale Badalamenti , Roman Pavela , Filippo Maggi , Eleonora Spinozzi , Maurizio Bruno
Plants of the Artemisia L. genus are known for several biological effects. However, comprehensive studies on their insecticidal activities, particularly focusing on the activity of the main metabolites, are still limited.
This study examines the properties of the essential oil (EO) extracted by Artemisia campestris L. subsp. campestris (ACC), collected in Pantelleria island, Italy. This study focused on the insecticidal activity of ACC, evaluating the phytosanitary potential of two isolated natural alkynes: capillene and 2,4-pentadiynylbenzene.
The EO was studied by GC-MS and 2D-NMR tecniques revealing that it was rich in alkyne compounds (59.04%), with capillene being the predominant component (40.03%). The HSQC study not only highlighted the clear presence of alkyne derivatives and β-pinene, but confirmed the identification carried out by GC and GC-MS. At the same time, the promising insecticidal efficacy of ACC against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) larvae was found.
The study demonstrated that ACC is a promising candidate for botanical insecticide development due to its effectiveness against S. littoralis larvae and its relative safety for non-target organisms.
{"title":"Spectroscopic investigation and insecticidal effects of two natural alkynes from Artemisia campestris, 2,4-pentadiynylbenzene and capillene, against Spodoptera littoralis larvae and non-target organisms","authors":"Natale Badalamenti , Roman Pavela , Filippo Maggi , Eleonora Spinozzi , Maurizio Bruno","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants of the <em>Artemisia</em> L. genus are known for several biological effects. However, comprehensive studies on their insecticidal activities, particularly focusing on the activity of the main metabolites, are still limited.</div><div>This study examines the properties of the essential oil (EO) extracted by <em>Artemisia campestris</em> L. subsp. <em>campestris</em> (<strong>ACC</strong>), collected in Pantelleria island, Italy. This study focused on the insecticidal activity of <strong>ACC</strong>, evaluating the phytosanitary potential of two isolated natural alkynes: capillene and 2,4-pentadiynylbenzene.</div><div>The EO was studied by GC-MS and 2D-NMR tecniques revealing that it was rich in alkyne compounds (59.04%), with capillene being the predominant component (40.03%). The HSQC study not only highlighted the clear presence of alkyne derivatives and <em>β</em>-pinene, but confirmed the identification carried out by GC and GC-MS. At the same time, the promising insecticidal efficacy of <strong>ACC</strong> against <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Boisd.) larvae was found.</div><div>The study demonstrated that <strong>ACC</strong> is a promising candidate for botanical insecticide development due to its effectiveness against <em>S. littoralis</em> larvae and its relative safety for non-target organisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 107163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107164
Luis Sánchez-Fernández , Elena Alonso , Amaya Ortiz-Barredo , Santiago Planas de Martí , Luís Asín Jones , Manuel Pérez-Ruiz
Unmanned aerial spraying systems (UASS) allow the agricultural sector to execute precision spraying of plant protection products (PPPs). However, scientific knowledge regarding the spray drift generated by these aerial spraying systems is needed to facilitate their integration into European agriculture. Currently, UASS spray drift models have not been developed. This study aims to characterize sedimenting spray drift curves for UASS in 3D crops and compare them with reference drift models used in the environmental risk assessment of PPPs in Europe under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. To accomplish this, drift trials were conducted in typical agroforestry scenarios in Spain, including super high-density olive orchards, grapevines, and pine tree plantations. UASSs generated more drift than the terrestrial reference drift models in grapevine trials. Conversely, in super high-density olive orchards, the drift generated by UASSs was significantly reduced compared to both terrestrial and aerial reference models. For pine trees, a reliable UASS sedimenting drift curve could not be established. UASSs present a promising tool for agricultural applications, though with certain limitations. The similarity in drift between UASSs and the aerial reference model in grapevines may result from a wider-than-necessary swath width. Future developments of UASS should consider implementing variable-width spraying to match the target plant size. In forestry crops, the high spraying altitude complicated the development of a reliable sedimenting drift curve under the conditions of this study. Further research is needed to optimize UASS use in various agricultural settings.
{"title":"First UASS drift curves for agroforestry scenarios in Spain","authors":"Luis Sánchez-Fernández , Elena Alonso , Amaya Ortiz-Barredo , Santiago Planas de Martí , Luís Asín Jones , Manuel Pérez-Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unmanned aerial spraying systems (UASS) allow the agricultural sector to execute precision spraying of plant protection products (PPPs). However, scientific knowledge regarding the spray drift generated by these aerial spraying systems is needed to facilitate their integration into European agriculture. Currently, UASS spray drift models have not been developed. This study aims to characterize sedimenting spray drift curves for UASS in 3D crops and compare them with reference drift models used in the environmental risk assessment of PPPs in Europe under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. To accomplish this, drift trials were conducted in typical agroforestry scenarios in Spain, including super high-density olive orchards, grapevines, and pine tree plantations. UASSs generated more drift than the terrestrial reference drift models in grapevine trials. Conversely, in super high-density olive orchards, the drift generated by UASSs was significantly reduced compared to both terrestrial and aerial reference models. For pine trees, a reliable UASS sedimenting drift curve could not be established. UASSs present a promising tool for agricultural applications, though with certain limitations. The similarity in drift between UASSs and the aerial reference model in grapevines may result from a wider-than-necessary swath width. Future developments of UASS should consider implementing variable-width spraying to match the target plant size. In forestry crops, the high spraying altitude complicated the development of a reliable sedimenting drift curve under the conditions of this study. Further research is needed to optimize UASS use in various agricultural settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 107164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107162
Yindi Wei , Wenjie Li , Ting Chen, Yue Su, Xu Han, Yongsheng Yao
Mutualism between insects and symbiotic bacteria drives insect evolution, and insecticide resistance is affected by symbiotic bacteria, increasing the complexity of pest resistance. This study evaluated the sublethal and transgenerational effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide nitenpyram on the population dynamics of Acyrthosiphon gossypii and measured its impact on the symbiotic bacterial community. The results showed that LC20 (2.49 mg L−1) of nitenpyram significantly reduced the fecundity and lifespan of the parent G0 generation of A. gossypii, and had similar inhibitory effects on its G1 and G2 generations. Compared with those of control group, the population parameters λ (finite rate of increase), R0 (net reproductive rate), and r (intrinsic increase rate) of G1 and G2 were significantly reduced, but mean generation time (T) was increased. Nitenpyram treatment affected the biological traits of A. gossypii, and also changed the relative abundance of Buchnera and Sphingomonas in three consecutive generations G0-G2. Under nitenpyram treatment, the relative abundance of Buchnera decreased in G0, while that of Sphingomonas increased. The relative abundance of Buchnera increased in G1 and G2, but that of Sphingomonas decreased. Our findings may provide a new perspective for evaluating the potential effects of pesticides on aphids.
{"title":"Sublethal and transgenerational effects of nitenpyram on Acyrthosiphon gossypii and its impacts on symbiotic bacteria","authors":"Yindi Wei , Wenjie Li , Ting Chen, Yue Su, Xu Han, Yongsheng Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mutualism between insects and symbiotic bacteria drives insect evolution, and insecticide resistance is affected by symbiotic bacteria, increasing the complexity of pest resistance. This study evaluated the sublethal and transgenerational effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide nitenpyram on the population dynamics of <em>Acyrthosiphon gossypii</em> and measured its impact on the symbiotic bacterial community. The results showed that LC<sub>20</sub> (2.49 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) of nitenpyram significantly reduced the fecundity and lifespan of the parent G0 generation of <em>A. gossypii</em>, and had similar inhibitory effects on its G1 and G2 generations. Compared with those of control group, the population parameters <em>λ</em> (finite rate of increase), <em>R</em><sub><em>0</em></sub> (net reproductive rate), and <em>r</em> (intrinsic increase rate) of G1 and G2 were significantly reduced, but mean generation time (<em>T</em>) was increased. Nitenpyram treatment affected the biological traits of <em>A. gossypii</em>, and also changed the relative abundance of <em>Buchnera</em> and <em>Sphingomonas</em> in three consecutive generations G0-G2. Under nitenpyram treatment, the relative abundance of <em>Buchnera</em> decreased in G0, while that of <em>Sphingomonas</em> increased. The relative abundance of <em>Buchnera</em> increased in G1 and G2, but that of <em>Sphingomonas</em> decreased. Our findings may provide a new perspective for evaluating the potential effects of pesticides on aphids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 107162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), specifically Steinernema siamkayai and Heterorhabditis indica, have been successfully used to control various soil-dwelling and above-ground lepidopteran insect pests. This study investigated the susceptibility of the coconut black-headed caterpillar Opisina arenosella, a serious pest of palm trees, to these two EPN species, as well as their impact on two natural insect enemies: the braconid wasp Bracon brevicornis and the ring-legged earwig Euborellia annulipes. Both EPN species demonstrated high efficacy against O. arenosella larvae, with mortality ranging from 60% to 100%, depending on the EPN concentrations within 72 h of exposure. Heterorhabditis indica and S. siamkayai exhibited median lethal concentration (LC50) values of 9 and 11 infective juveniles (IJs)/larva, respectively. Additionally, the first-instar larvae and pupae of B. brevicornis were highly susceptible to both EPN species, with mortality of 89.6%–96.3% for larvae and 58.9%–67.2% for pupae within five days. In contrast, E. annulipes nymphs and adults showed lower mortality across both developmental stages. In addition, O. arenosella larvae exhibited 100% mortality when the two EPN species were applied alongside either B. brevicornis or E. annulipes. However, EPN applications significantly reduced B. brevicornis oviposition and larval development, leading to decreased adult emergence. Both EPN species exhibited low virulence against various developmental stages of E. annulipes, with mortality ranging from 3.3% to 26.7% after seven days. These findings highlight the potential of EPNs as effective biological control agents for O. arenosella larvae and illustrate the complex interactions between two EPN species and other insect natural enemies.
{"title":"Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema siamkayai and Heterorhabditis indica, in the control of Opisina arenosella Walker, and their impact on two natural enemies, Bracon brevicornis Wesmael and Euborellia annulipes Lucas","authors":"Rattanawadee Onwong , Chatchaloem Arkhan , Nanette Hope Sumaya , Niyaporn Khwanket , Prakai Rajchanuwong , Woranad Khokyen , Somsuk Pupan , Atirach Noosidum","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), specifically <em>Steinernema siamkayai</em> and <em>Heterorhabditis indica</em>, have been successfully used to control various soil-dwelling and above-ground lepidopteran insect pests. This study investigated the susceptibility of the coconut black-headed caterpillar <em>Opisina arenosella</em>, a serious pest of palm trees, to these two EPN species, as well as their impact on two natural insect enemies: the braconid wasp <em>Bracon brevicornis</em> and the ring-legged earwig <em>Euborellia annulipes</em>. Both EPN species demonstrated high efficacy against <em>O. arenosella</em> larvae, with mortality ranging from 60% to 100%, depending on the EPN concentrations within 72 h of exposure. <em>Heterorhabditis indica</em> and <em>S. siamkayai</em> exhibited median lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) values of 9 and 11 infective juveniles (IJs)/larva, respectively. Additionally, the first-instar larvae and pupae of <em>B. brevicornis</em> were highly susceptible to both EPN species, with mortality of 89.6%–96.3% for larvae and 58.9%–67.2% for pupae within five days. In contrast, <em>E. annulipes</em> nymphs and adults showed lower mortality across both developmental stages. In addition, <em>O. arenosella</em> larvae exhibited 100% mortality when the two EPN species were applied alongside either <em>B. brevicornis</em> or <em>E. annulipes</em>. However, EPN applications significantly reduced <em>B. brevicornis</em> oviposition and larval development, leading to decreased adult emergence. Both EPN species exhibited low virulence against various developmental stages of <em>E. annulipes</em>, with mortality ranging from 3.3% to 26.7% after seven days. These findings highlight the potential of EPNs as effective biological control agents for <em>O. arenosella</em> larvae and illustrate the complex interactions between two EPN species and other insect natural enemies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 107139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manual topping of cotton plants, which involves cutting off the terminal bud at the top of the main stem, has agronomic benefits, such as reducing vegetative exuberance, ensuring earlier production, or increasing yield by producing more bolls per plant. This technique also offers a promising alternative to chemical control by depriving certain pests of resources and triggering the plant's natural defenses. In Mali, though on-station experiments showed that topping did not substantially increase seed cotton yield, many growers have already adopted this technique mainly due to increased production.
In the present study, a survey of a network of 200 pairs (topped vs. non-topped) of farmers' cotton plots was performed to verify this statement and to identify the local (cultivation practices and environment) and ecological factors (rainfall, landscape context) that modulate the response of cotton yield to topping. In farmers’ plots, cotton topping contributed to a 25% increase in the seed cotton yield. The yield response to topping increased with the earliness of planting, the cumulative rainfall received after topping, regardless of the planting date, the supply of manure, and the pressure of piercing-sucking insects, which topping significantly reduced. The integration of topping into cotton-growing systems should be associated with other levers to reduce the dependence on chemical inputs, and sociotechnical obstacles should be considered to stimulate the participatory design of new sustainable cotton production strategies.
{"title":"Drivers of cotton yield response to topping in farmers’ fields in Mali","authors":"Daouda S. Maïga , Ahmadou Sow , Moribo Coulibaly , Idrissa Tereta , Romain Loison , Thierry Brévault","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manual topping of cotton plants, which involves cutting off the terminal bud at the top of the main stem, has agronomic benefits, such as reducing vegetative exuberance, ensuring earlier production, or increasing yield by producing more bolls per plant. This technique also offers a promising alternative to chemical control by depriving certain pests of resources and triggering the plant's natural defenses. In Mali, though on-station experiments showed that topping did not substantially increase seed cotton yield, many growers have already adopted this technique mainly due to increased production.</div><div>In the present study, a survey of a network of 200 pairs (topped vs. non-topped) of farmers' cotton plots was performed to verify this statement and to identify the local (cultivation practices and environment) and ecological factors (rainfall, landscape context) that modulate the response of cotton yield to topping. In farmers’ plots, cotton topping contributed to a 25% increase in the seed cotton yield. The yield response to topping increased with the earliness of planting, the cumulative rainfall received after topping, regardless of the planting date, the supply of manure, and the pressure of piercing-sucking insects, which topping significantly reduced. The integration of topping into cotton-growing systems should be associated with other levers to reduce the dependence on chemical inputs, and sociotechnical obstacles should be considered to stimulate the participatory design of new sustainable cotton production strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is a significant vegetable crop in India, but its cultivation is severely impacted by viral diseases, particularly okra yellow vein mosaic disease (OYVMD).This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various pest management modules against whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), the primary vector of OYVMD, and to assess the incidence and severity of OYVMD in okra. The experiment was carried out at the Central Research Station of Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology during the kharif seasons of 2019 and 2020, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications. Four treatments were evaluated: an Integrated Module, a Biointensive Module, a Chemical Module, and an Untreated Control. The results demonstrated that both the Integrated and Chemical modules significantly reduced the whitefly population and managed it effectively throughout the cropping period, with mean populations of 2.19 whiteflies per leaf. These modules also effectively suppressed the incidence and severity of OYVMD with the highest incidence being recorded in bio-intensive module. Molecular characterization of both yellow vein mosaic virus and whiteflies collected from virus infected plants were also done by conducting PCR followed by gel electrophoresis of isolated DNA samples which revealed that the whiteflies from Bhubaneswar grouped phylogenetically with the whitefly isolates from Indonesia, Thailand and China. In case of viruses, okra enation leaf curl virus from Bhubaneswar clustered with Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) from Raichur and Hyderabad.
{"title":"Characterization and sustainable management of vector-borne viral pathogens in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)","authors":"Swapnalisha Mohapatra , Sandeep Kumar , Jayaraj Padhi , Jyoti Prakash Sahoo , Satyapriya Singh , Nandini Sahu","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Okra (<em>Abelmoschus esculentus</em> L.) is a significant vegetable crop in India, but its cultivation is severely impacted by viral diseases, particularly okra yellow vein mosaic disease (OYVMD).This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various pest management modules against whiteflies (<em>Bemisia tabaci</em>), the primary vector of OYVMD, and to assess the incidence and severity of OYVMD in okra. The experiment was carried out at the Central Research Station of Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology during the <em>kharif</em> seasons of 2019 and 2020, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications. Four treatments were evaluated: an Integrated Module, a Biointensive Module, a Chemical Module, and an Untreated Control. The results demonstrated that both the Integrated and Chemical modules significantly reduced the whitefly population and managed it effectively throughout the cropping period, with mean populations of 2.19 whiteflies per leaf. These modules also effectively suppressed the incidence and severity of OYVMD with the highest incidence being recorded in bio-intensive module. Molecular characterization of both yellow vein mosaic virus and whiteflies collected from virus infected plants were also done by conducting PCR followed by gel electrophoresis of isolated DNA samples which revealed that the whiteflies from Bhubaneswar grouped phylogenetically with the whitefly isolates from Indonesia, Thailand and China. In case of viruses, okra enation leaf curl virus from Bhubaneswar clustered with <em>Mungbean yellow mosaic virus</em> (MYMV) from Raichur and Hyderabad.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 107155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peaches and Plums are one of the most important stone fruit crops in the world and equally consequential in India. Surveys were carried out in peach and plum orchards during the years 2022 and 2023. Infected orchards of peach and plum trees showed an incidence of shot holes, cankers, and gummosis ranging from 51.25% to 88.95%. Typical symptoms included small yellow spots on the leaves that eventually turned purplish-brown and necrotic, leading to shot holes, as well as cankers and gummy exudates on the twigs. The associated bacterium was isolated that produced yellow, flat colonies with smooth margins on nutrient agar. Morphological and biochemical tests confirmed that the bacterium was Gram-negative and belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae family. After the screening of bacterial isolates by standard cultural and biochemical tests, the isolates were molecularly characterized by PCR amplification and sequencing of partial 16S rRNA, gyrB, and leuS. Pathogenicity tests by twig method and in vivo bacterial injection method, produced similar symptoms as observed in the field. Based on morphological, biochemical, molecular and pathogenicity studies the causal organism was identified as Pantoea agglomerans. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. agglomerans causing shot hole, canker, and gummosis on stone fruits in India. These findings will help in formulating effective management strategies against new emerging pathogens of stone fruits.
{"title":"Characterization of Pantoea agglomerans associated with shot hole, canker and gummosis in peaches and plums from the Northwestern Himalayan region of India","authors":"Shakshi Sharma , Manica Tomar , Santosh Watpade , Arti Shukla , Sunita Devi , Pramod Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peaches and Plums are one of the most important stone fruit crops in the world and equally consequential in India. Surveys were carried out in peach and plum orchards during the years 2022 and 2023. Infected orchards of peach and plum trees showed an incidence of shot holes, cankers, and gummosis ranging from 51.25% to 88.95%. Typical symptoms included small yellow spots on the leaves that eventually turned purplish-brown and necrotic, leading to shot holes, as well as cankers and gummy exudates on the twigs. The associated bacterium was isolated that produced yellow, flat colonies with smooth margins on nutrient agar. Morphological and biochemical tests confirmed that the bacterium was Gram-negative and belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae family. After the screening of bacterial isolates by standard cultural and biochemical tests, the isolates were molecularly characterized by PCR amplification and sequencing of partial <em>16S rRNA</em>, <em>gyrB</em>, and <em>leuS</em>. Pathogenicity tests by twig method and <em>in vivo</em> bacterial injection method, produced similar symptoms as observed in the field. Based on morphological, biochemical, molecular and pathogenicity studies the causal organism was identified as <em>Pantoea agglomerans</em>. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <em>P. agglomerans</em> causing shot hole, canker, and gummosis on stone fruits in India. These findings will help in formulating effective management strategies against new emerging pathogens of stone fruits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 107143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107153
Jieling Wang , Agen Li , Chengxin Mao , Xinyue Li , Chuanqing Zhang
Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), primarily caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is a major threat to global rice production. Seed borne Xoo is one of the key sources of primary inocula during BLB outbreaks. Therefore, accurate and rapid detection of Xoo is crucial for adopting effective disease management strategies. In this study, we designed and evaluated a set of specific primers and probes based on a sugar nucleotide epimerase/dehydratase coding gene to develop the recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) point-of-care (POC) detection of Xoo. This assay is highly specific to Xoo and does not detect other rice pathogens. Optimized RPA conditions (36 °C for 10 min in a 50 μL reaction system) enabled Xoo detection with a DNA limit of 100 fg/μL. This RPA -lateral flow dipstick (LFD) and PCR detection methods were compared to confirm Xoo's presence in rice seeds. Our results demonstrated the rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of Xoo in rice seeds using this RPA-LFD method.
{"title":"Recombinase polymerase amplification-lateral flow dipstick for rapid detection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice","authors":"Jieling Wang , Agen Li , Chengxin Mao , Xinyue Li , Chuanqing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), primarily caused by <em>Xanthomonas oryzae</em> pv. <em>oryzae</em> (<em>Xoo</em>), is a major threat to global rice production. Seed borne <em>Xoo</em> is one of the key sources of primary inocula during BLB outbreaks. Therefore, accurate and rapid detection of <em>Xoo</em> is crucial for adopting effective disease management strategies. In this study, we designed and evaluated a set of specific primers and probes based on a sugar nucleotide epimerase/dehydratase coding gene to develop the recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) point-of-care (POC) detection of <em>Xoo</em>. This assay is highly specific to <em>Xoo</em> and does not detect other rice pathogens. Optimized RPA conditions (36 °C for 10 min in a 50 μL reaction system) enabled <em>Xoo</em> detection with a DNA limit of 100 fg/μL. This RPA -lateral flow dipstick (LFD) and PCR detection methods were compared to confirm <em>Xoo</em>'s presence in rice seeds. Our results demonstrated the rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of <em>Xoo</em> in rice seeds using this RPA-LFD method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 107153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ralstonia solanacearum species complex comprises a group of highly destructive strains causing bacterial wilt in a wide range of plants. This study reports, for the first time, the identification of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum (Phylotype I) as the causative agent of bacterial wilt of tomato in Himachal Pradesh, India, using phylotype-specific multiplex PCR. The pathogen was characterized as rod-shaped with length ranging from 1.4 to 1.8 μm using transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, the antibacterial efficacy of metal CuO nanoparticles against Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum was evaluated both under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Characterization of CuO nanoparticles was performed using transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, revealing particle sizes between 20 and 100 nm and confirming the presence of Cu-O bonds. In vitro tests demonstrated antibacterial activity of CuO nanoparticles, with inhibition zones ranging from 1.75 ± 0.90 mm at 50 ppm to 11.17 ± 2.89 mm at 500 ppm. In glasshouse experiments, CuO nanoparticles reduced bacterial wilt incidence to 25% at a concentration of 500 mg−1 soil, with generally consistent results observed in the subsequent season.
{"title":"Molecular identification and management of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum (Phylotype I) causing bacterial wilt of tomato using copper oxide nanoparticles in Himachal Pradesh, India","authors":"Manisha Saini , Meenu Gupta , Vinay Sagar , Anjali Chauhan , Rahul Saini , Gaurav Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em> species complex comprises a group of highly destructive strains causing bacterial wilt in a wide range of plants. This study reports, for the first time, the identification of <em>Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum</em> (Phylotype I) as the causative agent of bacterial wilt of tomato in Himachal Pradesh, India, using phylotype-specific multiplex PCR. The pathogen was characterized as rod-shaped with length ranging from 1.4 to 1.8 μm using transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, the antibacterial efficacy of metal CuO nanoparticles against <em>Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum</em> was evaluated both under <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> conditions. Characterization of CuO nanoparticles was performed using transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, revealing particle sizes between 20 and 100 nm and confirming the presence of Cu-O bonds. <em>In vitro</em> tests demonstrated antibacterial activity of CuO nanoparticles, with inhibition zones ranging from 1.75 ± 0.90 mm at 50 ppm to 11.17 ± 2.89 mm at 500 ppm. In glasshouse experiments, CuO nanoparticles reduced bacterial wilt incidence to 25% at a concentration of 500 mg<sup>−1</sup> soil, with generally consistent results observed in the subsequent season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 107152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107140
J.A. Paredes , M.C. Guzzo , N. Bernardi Lima , A. Pérez , N.R. González , J.H. Monguillot , G.A. Posada , M.I. Monteoliva , A. Rago , L. Valetti
Peanut smut (caused by the pathogenic fungi Thecaphora frezzii) is one of the most relevant diseases regarding peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) productivity in Argentina. Cultural strategies have not been successful in controlling the disease. Chemical strategies are the ones that offer acceptable control, but they have low adoption rates and erratic effects. To find a biocontroller that offers a low environmental and economic cost control strategy, we assessed the antagonistic capacity of 14 Trichoderma isolates against T. frezzii. We selected the four with the highest antagonistic effect in vitro and tested them in pot and field assays. A principal component analysis highlighted the LR28 strain as the most effective biocontrol agent. We molecularly identified LR28 as Trichoderma atroviride. Lastly, the reduction of smut incidence induced by T. atroviride LR28 was associated with the modulation of the osmotic and redox balance in a pot assay. Our results proposed Trichoderma atroviride LR28 as a promising biocontrol agent for managing peanut smut disease in the Argentinian peanut production region.
{"title":"Trichoderma atroviride LR28 as a potential biocontrol agent against Thecaphora frezzii and inductor of biochemical responses in peanut","authors":"J.A. Paredes , M.C. Guzzo , N. Bernardi Lima , A. Pérez , N.R. González , J.H. Monguillot , G.A. Posada , M.I. Monteoliva , A. Rago , L. Valetti","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peanut smut (caused by the pathogenic fungi <em>Thecaphora frezzii</em>) is one of the most relevant diseases regarding peanut (<em>Arachis hypogaea</em> L.) productivity in Argentina. Cultural strategies have not been successful in controlling the disease. Chemical strategies are the ones that offer acceptable control, but they have low adoption rates and erratic effects. To find a biocontroller that offers a low environmental and economic cost control strategy, we assessed the antagonistic capacity of 14 <em>Trichoderma</em> isolates against <em>T. frezzii</em>. We selected the four with the highest antagonistic effect <em>in vitro</em> and tested them in pot and field assays. A principal component analysis highlighted the LR28 strain as the most effective biocontrol agent. We molecularly identified LR28 as <em>Trichoderma atroviride</em>. Lastly, the reduction of smut incidence induced by <em>T. atroviride</em> LR28 was associated with the modulation of the osmotic and redox balance in a pot assay. Our results proposed <em>Trichoderma atroviride</em> LR28 as a promising biocontrol agent for managing peanut smut disease in the Argentinian peanut production region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 107140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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