PurposeThis study examines the effect of globalization on female economic participation (FEP) in MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey) and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries between 2004 and 2018.Design/methodology/approachFour measures of globalization are employed and sourced from KOF globalization index, 2018, while the female labour force participation rate is a proxy for FEP. The empirical evidence is based on the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator.FindingsThe findings of the PMG estimator from the Panel ARDL method reveal that political and overall globalization in MINT and BRICS countries have a positive impact on FEP, whereas social globalization exerts a negative impact on FEP in the long-run. It is observed that economic globalization has no long-run effect on FEP. Contrarily, all the measures of globalization reflect no short-run effect on FEP. This supports the argument that globalization has no immediate effect on FEP. Thus, it is recommended that both MINT and BRICS countries should find a way of improving the process of globalization generally to empower women to be involved in economic activities.Originality/valueThis study complements the extant literature by focusing on how globalization dynamics influence FEP in the MINT and BRICS countries.
{"title":"Globalization and Female Economic Participation in MINT and BRICS countries","authors":"T. Osinubi, S. Asongu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3667039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3667039","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study examines the effect of globalization on female economic participation (FEP) in MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey) and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries between 2004 and 2018.Design/methodology/approachFour measures of globalization are employed and sourced from KOF globalization index, 2018, while the female labour force participation rate is a proxy for FEP. The empirical evidence is based on the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator.FindingsThe findings of the PMG estimator from the Panel ARDL method reveal that political and overall globalization in MINT and BRICS countries have a positive impact on FEP, whereas social globalization exerts a negative impact on FEP in the long-run. It is observed that economic globalization has no long-run effect on FEP. Contrarily, all the measures of globalization reflect no short-run effect on FEP. This supports the argument that globalization has no immediate effect on FEP. Thus, it is recommended that both MINT and BRICS countries should find a way of improving the process of globalization generally to empower women to be involved in economic activities.Originality/valueThis study complements the extant literature by focusing on how globalization dynamics influence FEP in the MINT and BRICS countries.","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124927217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this globalized world the more focus of powerful states on economic capabilities for the maintenance of their influence and power in the international arena. In the contemporary world, two economic powers of the world are confronted with each other in the field of a trade war. The US is the number one economy of the world and on the other hand, China is supposed to surpass it. The core resentments of the US about China are ideological and political differences; China’s emerging economy is a potential threat to the US hegemony. Recently Trump administration placed Huawei and 70 of its other affiliations companies in the ‘Entity List’ of the US and the allegations were that Huawei Company is a national security threat for the US. Entity List means that the American companies, which are doing business with Huawei, need licenses on the specific terms applied by the US government. The US trying to lobby against Huawei with other democratic industrial democracies like the UK, Germany, and other European countries that not use Huawei’s 5G equipment. On the other hand, China’s company Huawei is making its own 5G network and dealing to sell it to other mobile companies and the European countries are not seems to stand along with the US in this scenario. Past studies have predicted future trade relations. There are several possible reasons behind the ban of Huawei, escalation of a trade war between China and the US, new taxes on Chinese products by the US government, Made in China 2025, Huawei is a national security threat for the US due to lack of data privacy, China’s profitable business of 5G and rise of nationalistic American behavior over the free trade concept. The purpose of this research is to explore the digital media discourse of the US, UK, and China to identify the reason behind the blockade of Huawei by the US government. News articles selected about the ban of Huawei from the US, UK, and Chinese’s digital news webs. With the help of discourse analysis, this research will analyze the concerning phenomenon. The expected results are that Huawei is a national security threat for the U.S.
{"title":"Digital Media Discourse on the Blockage of Huawei by the US Government","authors":"M. Rashid, Mureeha Khawaja","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3627682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3627682","url":null,"abstract":"In this globalized world the more focus of powerful states on economic capabilities for the maintenance of their influence and power in the international arena. In the contemporary world, two economic powers of the world are confronted with each other in the field of a trade war. The US is the number one economy of the world and on the other hand, China is supposed to surpass it. The core resentments of the US about China are ideological and political differences; China’s emerging economy is a potential threat to the US hegemony. Recently Trump administration placed Huawei and 70 of its other affiliations companies in the ‘Entity List’ of the US and the allegations were that Huawei Company is a national security threat for the US. Entity List means that the American companies, which are doing business with Huawei, need licenses on the specific terms applied by the US government. The US trying to lobby against Huawei with other democratic industrial democracies like the UK, Germany, and other European countries that not use Huawei’s 5G equipment. On the other hand, China’s company Huawei is making its own 5G network and dealing to sell it to other mobile companies and the European countries are not seems to stand along with the US in this scenario. Past studies have predicted future trade relations. There are several possible reasons behind the ban of Huawei, escalation of a trade war between China and the US, new taxes on Chinese products by the US government, Made in China 2025, Huawei is a national security threat for the US due to lack of data privacy, China’s profitable business of 5G and rise of nationalistic American behavior over the free trade concept. The purpose of this research is to explore the digital media discourse of the US, UK, and China to identify the reason behind the blockade of Huawei by the US government. News articles selected about the ban of Huawei from the US, UK, and Chinese’s digital news webs. With the help of discourse analysis, this research will analyze the concerning phenomenon. The expected results are that Huawei is a national security threat for the U.S.","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117195694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 8th World Pensions Forum was held 23-24 May: 130 pension executives and supranational experts representing $12 trillion in combined assets convened in Brussels to discuss “Effective Asset Ownership”. The Forum was pleased to note that some of our ideas were taken up by the Finnish presidency of the Council of Europe and the G7 Steering Committee – notably the empowerment of women entrepreneurs and the notion of institutional co-investment in private equity and sustainable infrastructure in South Asia and Africa.
The main findings of the 2019 WPC/WPF annual conference will also inform the preparatory work leading up to the inaugural Singapore Economic Forum (“Singapore Forum”) in November 2020: the preliminary agenda will be announced during the G7 Summit.
{"title":"2019 World Pensions Forum Held in EU Capital Before G7 Summit","authors":"M. Nicolas J. Firzli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3416605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3416605","url":null,"abstract":"The 8th World Pensions Forum was held 23-24 May: 130 pension executives and supranational experts representing $12 trillion in combined assets convened in Brussels to discuss “Effective Asset Ownership”. The Forum was pleased to note that some of our ideas were taken up by the Finnish presidency of the Council of Europe and the G7 Steering Committee – notably the empowerment of women entrepreneurs and the notion of institutional co-investment in private equity and sustainable infrastructure in South Asia and Africa.<br><br>The main findings of the 2019 WPC/WPF annual conference will also inform the preparatory work leading up to the inaugural Singapore Economic Forum (“Singapore Forum”) in November 2020: the preliminary agenda will be announced during the G7 Summit.","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130716046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Basel III reform package has sought to address lessons from the financial crisis of 2007-2009, by imposing additional equity capital requirements on banks. We examine the long-run cost implications of the reforms for banks that have transitioned to the new requirements, in an economy with a strong dependence on bank lending and a highly concentrated banking industry. We find evidence that the risk premium on bank equity increases with financial leverage, as predicted by the Modigliani-Miller theorem. This effect is weaker than reported by studies in countries with less concentrated banking industries, including the United Kingdom and Switzerland. However, we also find evidence that the risk premium on bank equity became more responsive to changes in leverage after the financial crisis. We estimate that the reforms have resulted in a modest increase in banks’ overall funding costs (of about 10-17 basis points annually).
{"title":"Impact of additional equity capital on bank funding costs: Australian evidence","authors":"L. Nguyen, J. R. Cummings","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2885050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2885050","url":null,"abstract":"The Basel III reform package has sought to address lessons from the financial crisis of 2007-2009, by imposing additional equity capital requirements on banks. We examine the long-run cost implications of the reforms for banks that have transitioned to the new requirements, in an economy with a strong dependence on bank lending and a highly concentrated banking industry. We find evidence that the risk premium on bank equity increases with financial leverage, as predicted by the Modigliani-Miller theorem. This effect is weaker than reported by studies in countries with less concentrated banking industries, including the United Kingdom and Switzerland. However, we also find evidence that the risk premium on bank equity became more responsive to changes in leverage after the financial crisis. We estimate that the reforms have resulted in a modest increase in banks’ overall funding costs (of about 10-17 basis points annually).","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116993724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a time of global crisis, international policy coordination is quite natural. Yet, in normal times such coordination becomes a challenge. This is an issue especially when it comes to monetary and macroprudential policy of globally influential countries. This is especially relevant now with the trend of monetary normalisation in many of these countries. In this brief, we propose four necessary steps to help addressing these challenges: (i) Monetary policy should take into account its spillovers on financial stability, (ii) Systemic central banks need to account for the global impact of their policy, (iii) Multilateral consultations may provide a useful platform to assess these impacts, (iv) The analysis that helps designing monetary and macroprudential policy should include global aggregates to capture the global economic and financial context.
{"title":"Monetary Policy and Financial System Resilience","authors":"F. Bruni, Claude Lopez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3356888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3356888","url":null,"abstract":"In a time of global crisis, international policy coordination is quite natural. Yet, in normal times such coordination becomes a challenge. This is an issue especially when it comes to monetary and macroprudential policy of globally influential countries. This is especially relevant now with the trend of monetary normalisation in many of these countries. In this brief, we propose four necessary steps to help addressing these challenges: (i) Monetary policy should take into account its spillovers on financial stability, (ii) Systemic central banks need to account for the global impact of their policy, (iii) Multilateral consultations may provide a useful platform to assess these impacts, (iv) The analysis that helps designing monetary and macroprudential policy should include global aggregates to capture the global economic and financial context.","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127955461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Etienne Ndemezo, Jean Bosco Ndikubwimana, Angélique Dukunde
This paper has the specific objective of determining main factors of capacity utilization in the food and beverage manufacturing industry which are likely to be positively affected by fiscal incentives. Data used are from the manufacturing industry comprehensive survey carried out by the Rwandese Ministry of Trade and Industry (MINICOM) during 2013-2014. The model used was derived from an augmented Cobb Douglass production function and estimated using Ordinary Least Square regression technique. Key outcomes which resulted from this study are (i) in the food processing industry, main factors which undermine the capacity utilization of firms are shortage of raw materials, lack of specialized technology, tax administration and standards; no factor favors significantly the capacity utilization in this sub sector; (ii) in the beverage manufacturing industry, drivers of capacity utilization are the firm experience (age) and its material-intensive characteristic. Four factors harm the capacity utilization of beverage manufacturing firms, namely oversize in terms of fixed assets, lack of working capital, standards and insufficient demand. Consequently, in order to boost the capacity utilization of food and beverage manufacturing firms, only non-tax incentives are advisable: in the food processing industry, capacity utilisation can be improved by easing tax administration and tax compliance instruments; guaranteeing availability of agro raw materials during all the year and reducing their cost; assisting firms, particularly young ones, in order to help them to acquire appropriate technology and to raise production standards.
{"title":"Determinants of Capacity Utilization of Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms in Rwanda: Do Tax Incentives Matter?","authors":"Etienne Ndemezo, Jean Bosco Ndikubwimana, Angélique Dukunde","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3217757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3217757","url":null,"abstract":"This paper has the specific objective of determining main factors of capacity utilization in the food and beverage manufacturing industry which are likely to be positively affected by fiscal incentives. Data used are from the manufacturing industry comprehensive survey carried out by the Rwandese Ministry of Trade and Industry (MINICOM) during 2013-2014. The model used was derived from an augmented Cobb Douglass production function and estimated using Ordinary Least Square regression technique. Key outcomes which resulted from this study are (i) in the food processing industry, main factors which undermine the capacity utilization of firms are shortage of raw materials, lack of specialized technology, tax administration and standards; no factor favors significantly the capacity utilization in this sub sector; (ii) in the beverage manufacturing industry, drivers of capacity utilization are the firm experience (age) and its material-intensive characteristic. Four factors harm the capacity utilization of beverage manufacturing firms, namely oversize in terms of fixed assets, lack of working capital, standards and insufficient demand. Consequently, in order to boost the capacity utilization of food and beverage manufacturing firms, only non-tax incentives are advisable: in the food processing industry, capacity utilisation can be improved by easing tax administration and tax compliance instruments; guaranteeing availability of agro raw materials during all the year and reducing their cost; assisting firms, particularly young ones, in order to help them to acquire appropriate technology and to raise production standards.","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116918502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-03DOI: 10.14207/EJSD.2018.V7N4P171
Ioana Vasiu, Lucian Vasiu
Technological developments facilitated an impressive growth in international trade; however, organizations are facing numerous risks, resulting from their reliance on digital services and complex supply chains. One of the most notable risks concerns cybersecurity, which can take numerous forms and can have very significant negative consequences for the victims. This reality makes cybersecurity a major differentiator for organizations and an essential sustainable economic development factor. This paper employs an empirically-informed theoretical approach, and, based on a large corpus of data, consisting essentially of cases brought to courts, cybersecurity reports, and press releases, examines the main cybersecurity risks, grouped in three broad categories: damage, theft of trade secrets, and payment fraud. In each category, the main issues are illustrated with real case examples. The findings of this study underline the need for improved cybersecurity strategies, policies, and programs. The paper proposes a number of measures that must be taken, in order to provide conditions for a safer and better economic development environment. Keywords: Cybersecurity, E-Commerce, Sustainable Development, Damage, Trade Secret, Fraud, Loss
{"title":"Cybersecurity as an Essential Sustainable Economic Development Factor","authors":"Ioana Vasiu, Lucian Vasiu","doi":"10.14207/EJSD.2018.V7N4P171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/EJSD.2018.V7N4P171","url":null,"abstract":"Technological developments facilitated an impressive growth in international trade; however, organizations are facing numerous risks, resulting from their reliance on digital services and complex supply chains. One of the most notable risks concerns cybersecurity, which can take numerous forms and can have very significant negative consequences for the victims. This reality makes cybersecurity a major differentiator for organizations and an essential sustainable economic development factor. This paper employs an empirically-informed theoretical approach, and, based on a large corpus of data, consisting essentially of cases brought to courts, cybersecurity reports, and press releases, examines the main cybersecurity risks, grouped in three broad categories: damage, theft of trade secrets, and payment fraud. In each category, the main issues are illustrated with real case examples. The findings of this study underline the need for improved cybersecurity strategies, policies, and programs. The paper proposes a number of measures that must be taken, in order to provide conditions for a safer and better economic development environment. Keywords: Cybersecurity, E-Commerce, Sustainable Development, Damage, Trade Secret, Fraud, Loss","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114184062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Russian Abstract: В статье рассмотрено влияние экономических санкций на развитие агропромышленного комплекса РФ, а также рассмотрены результаты реализации стратегии импортозамещения в РФ и влияние экономических санкций на этот процесс. English Abstract: The article discusses the impact of economic sanctions on the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, as well as the results of the strategy of import substitution in the Russian Federation and the impact of economic sanctions on this process.
{"title":"Экономические Санкции Как Элемент Реализации Стратегии Имортозамещения РФ (Economic Sanctions as an Element of the Russian Federation's Import Substitution Strategy)","authors":"N. Kapustina","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3128424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3128424","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> В статье рассмотрено влияние экономических санкций на развитие агропромышленного комплекса РФ, а также рассмотрены результаты реализации стратегии импортозамещения в РФ и влияние экономических санкций на этот процесс. <b>English Abstract:</b> The article discusses the impact of economic sanctions on the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, as well as the results of the strategy of import substitution in the Russian Federation and the impact of economic sanctions on this process.","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"519 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123117449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Globalization on U.S. Foreign Policy with the Post-Soviet Caspian States","authors":"Dr. Mukesh Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3102877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3102877","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133188895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines two episodes of international economic policy coordination: the efforts to modify the Bretton Woods international monetary system in the 1960s and early 1970s and to reform the system after the closing of the US official gold window on August 15, 1971. The paper examines the diagnoses of the problem in each episode, the treatments applied, and the results in the short run and longer run. In the short run, both episodes were failures. The international monetary system that emerged in the mid-1970s, while less systemic than some would like, has nevertheless stood the test of time, although proposals for its reform continue to be discussed.
{"title":"The End of the Bretton Woods International Monetary System","authors":"Edwin M. Truman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3061914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3061914","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines two episodes of international economic policy coordination: the efforts to modify the Bretton Woods international monetary system in the 1960s and early 1970s and to reform the system after the closing of the US official gold window on August 15, 1971. The paper examines the diagnoses of the problem in each episode, the treatments applied, and the results in the short run and longer run. In the short run, both episodes were failures. The international monetary system that emerged in the mid-1970s, while less systemic than some would like, has nevertheless stood the test of time, although proposals for its reform continue to be discussed.","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122723052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：