Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.2174/0126667975262159230927074645
CHAINEE DAS, VENKATA SATISH KUMAR MATTAPARTHI
Background:: The COVID-19 disease, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been spreading rapidly over the world since December 2019 and has become a serious threat to human health. According to reports, SARS-CoV-2 infection has an impact on several human tissues, including the kidney, gastrointestinal system, and lungs. The Spike (S) protein from SARS-CoV-2 has been found to primarily bind ACE2. Since the lungs are the organ that COVID-19 is most likely to infect, the comparatively low expression of this recognized receptor suggests that there may be alternative coreceptors or alternative SARS-CoV-2 receptors that cooperate with ACE2. Recently, many candidate receptors of SARS-CoV-2 other than ACE2 were reported to be specifically and highly expressed in SARS-CoV-2 affected tissues. Among these receptors, the binding affinity of CAT and L-SIGN to the S protein has been reported to be higher in one of the recent studies. So, it will be significant to understand the binding interactions between these potential receptors and the RBD region of the S protein. Objective:: To perform a computational analysis to check the efficiency of the alternative receptors (CAT and L-SIGN) of the SARS-CoV-2 on its binding to the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of Spike protein (S protein). Methods:: In this study, we compared the interaction profile of the RBD of the S protein of SARSCoV- 2 with CAT and L-SIGN receptors. Results:: From the molecular dynamics simulation study, the S protein employs special techniques to have stable interactions with the CAT and L-SIGN receptors (ΔGbind = -39.49 kcal/mol and -37.20 kcal/mol, respectively). Conclusion:: SARS-CoV-2 may result in greater virulence as a result of the
{"title":"Efficiency of CAT and L-SIGN as Alternative or Co-receptors for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein","authors":"CHAINEE DAS, VENKATA SATISH KUMAR MATTAPARTHI","doi":"10.2174/0126667975262159230927074645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975262159230927074645","url":null,"abstract":"Background:: The COVID-19 disease, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been spreading rapidly over the world since December 2019 and has become a serious threat to human health. According to reports, SARS-CoV-2 infection has an impact on several human tissues, including the kidney, gastrointestinal system, and lungs. The Spike (S) protein from SARS-CoV-2 has been found to primarily bind ACE2. Since the lungs are the organ that COVID-19 is most likely to infect, the comparatively low expression of this recognized receptor suggests that there may be alternative coreceptors or alternative SARS-CoV-2 receptors that cooperate with ACE2. Recently, many candidate receptors of SARS-CoV-2 other than ACE2 were reported to be specifically and highly expressed in SARS-CoV-2 affected tissues. Among these receptors, the binding affinity of CAT and L-SIGN to the S protein has been reported to be higher in one of the recent studies. So, it will be significant to understand the binding interactions between these potential receptors and the RBD region of the S protein. Objective:: To perform a computational analysis to check the efficiency of the alternative receptors (CAT and L-SIGN) of the SARS-CoV-2 on its binding to the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of Spike protein (S protein). Methods:: In this study, we compared the interaction profile of the RBD of the S protein of SARSCoV- 2 with CAT and L-SIGN receptors. Results:: From the molecular dynamics simulation study, the S protein employs special techniques to have stable interactions with the CAT and L-SIGN receptors (ΔGbind = -39.49 kcal/mol and -37.20 kcal/mol, respectively). Conclusion:: SARS-CoV-2 may result in greater virulence as a result of the","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135647545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.2174/2666796704666230915090714
Mahmoudreza Hashemi Rafsanjani, Majid Nouri, Ali Omrani Nava, Mohammad Darvishi
Background: Despite the availability of the vaccine, achieving collective immunity requires the acceptance of the vaccine among the general population. However, the acceptance of vaccines is a constant concern in countries due to their potential side effects. According to current observations, there is not enough evidence about the COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and hesitancy in Iran. Objective: Due to the insufficient evidence regarding the reluctance to accept COVID-19 vaccination in Iran, the current study was designed to evaluate barrier and motivator factors in receiving COVID-19 vaccination among the healthcare workers of Tehran military hospitals. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 272 healthcare workers of Tehran military hospitals were enrolled. Their demographic, as well as barrier and motivating factors, were prospectively recorded and analyzed. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the qualitative variables between groups. Also, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the normal distribution of all quantitative parameters. Results: We found that 11 % had a history of vaccination against COVID-19, and 89.3% were willing to be vaccinated if the Covid vaccine was available. As obtained, the highest scores for barrier factors in receiving COVID-19 vaccine among the healthcare workers of Tehran military hospitals were belief in having a sufficient immune system (93.4 %), limitation to the number of vaccines (71 %), enough knowledge about all types of available vaccines (70.2 %), and the side effects of the vaccine (44.5 %), respectively. Furthermore, the highest scores for motivator factors in receiving COVID-19 vaccination were believing in the effect of vaccination (89 %) and the free vaccine available for staff (72.8 %), respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study suggests that early on in a vaccination campaign, most healthcare workers prefer to be vaccinated with an available vaccine, whether in the present or in the future and also identifies several reasons underlying vaccine acceptance and hesitancy. These results could be used in the future to promote campaigns to increase vaccine acceptance. Thus, increasing healthcare workers’ knowledge and consultations are strictly recommended for preventing vaccine hesitancy. In this study, the healthcare workers of military hospitals were more willing to use vaccines for emerging diseases due to their awareness and the higher risk of deadly infectious diseases.
{"title":"Barriers and Motivating Factors in Receiving COVID-19 Vaccination among the Healthcare Workers of Tehran Military Hospitals","authors":"Mahmoudreza Hashemi Rafsanjani, Majid Nouri, Ali Omrani Nava, Mohammad Darvishi","doi":"10.2174/2666796704666230915090714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666796704666230915090714","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the availability of the vaccine, achieving collective immunity requires the acceptance of the vaccine among the general population. However, the acceptance of vaccines is a constant concern in countries due to their potential side effects. According to current observations, there is not enough evidence about the COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and hesitancy in Iran. Objective: Due to the insufficient evidence regarding the reluctance to accept COVID-19 vaccination in Iran, the current study was designed to evaluate barrier and motivator factors in receiving COVID-19 vaccination among the healthcare workers of Tehran military hospitals. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 272 healthcare workers of Tehran military hospitals were enrolled. Their demographic, as well as barrier and motivating factors, were prospectively recorded and analyzed. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the qualitative variables between groups. Also, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the normal distribution of all quantitative parameters. Results: We found that 11 % had a history of vaccination against COVID-19, and 89.3% were willing to be vaccinated if the Covid vaccine was available. As obtained, the highest scores for barrier factors in receiving COVID-19 vaccine among the healthcare workers of Tehran military hospitals were belief in having a sufficient immune system (93.4 %), limitation to the number of vaccines (71 %), enough knowledge about all types of available vaccines (70.2 %), and the side effects of the vaccine (44.5 %), respectively. Furthermore, the highest scores for motivator factors in receiving COVID-19 vaccination were believing in the effect of vaccination (89 %) and the free vaccine available for staff (72.8 %), respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study suggests that early on in a vaccination campaign, most healthcare workers prefer to be vaccinated with an available vaccine, whether in the present or in the future and also identifies several reasons underlying vaccine acceptance and hesitancy. These results could be used in the future to promote campaigns to increase vaccine acceptance. Thus, increasing healthcare workers’ knowledge and consultations are strictly recommended for preventing vaccine hesitancy. In this study, the healthcare workers of military hospitals were more willing to use vaccines for emerging diseases due to their awareness and the higher risk of deadly infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135438622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.2174/2666796704666230913105109
Satinder Kaur, Renu Bala, Prakash Chandra Mishra, Vineeta Singh, Rachna Hora
Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause asymptomatic, pre-symptomatic or symptomatic COVID-19 disease. While symptomatic infections are at the centre stage for disease diagnosis and treatment, asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic cases heighten the challenge of transmission tracking ultimately leading to failure of control interventions. Asymptomatic cases appear due to a variety of host and viral factors and contribute substantially to the total number of infections. Through this article, we have tried to assemble existing information about the role of viral factors and mechanisms involved in the development of asymptomatic COVID-19. The significance of ‘PLpro’- a protease of Nidovirales order that removes ubiquitin and ISG15 from host proteins to regulate immune responses against the virus and hence disease presentation has been highlighted. PL-pro dampens inflammatory and antiviral responses, leading to asymptomatic infection. 11083G>T-(L37F) mutation in ‘Nsp6’ of SARS-CoV-2 also diminishes the innate immune response leading to asymptomatic infections. It is, therefore, pertinent to understand the role of proteins like PLpro and Nsp6 in SARS-CoV-2 biology for the development of transmission control measures against COVID-19. This review focuses on viral molecular mechanisms that alter disease severity and highlights compounds that work against such regulatory SARS-CoV-2 proteins.
{"title":"Mechanistic Insights on Viral Factors Involved in Asymptomatic COVID-19 Pathogenesis","authors":"Satinder Kaur, Renu Bala, Prakash Chandra Mishra, Vineeta Singh, Rachna Hora","doi":"10.2174/2666796704666230913105109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666796704666230913105109","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause asymptomatic, pre-symptomatic or symptomatic COVID-19 disease. While symptomatic infections are at the centre stage for disease diagnosis and treatment, asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic cases heighten the challenge of transmission tracking ultimately leading to failure of control interventions. Asymptomatic cases appear due to a variety of host and viral factors and contribute substantially to the total number of infections. Through this article, we have tried to assemble existing information about the role of viral factors and mechanisms involved in the development of asymptomatic COVID-19. The significance of ‘PLpro’- a protease of Nidovirales order that removes ubiquitin and ISG15 from host proteins to regulate immune responses against the virus and hence disease presentation has been highlighted. PL-pro dampens inflammatory and antiviral responses, leading to asymptomatic infection. 11083G>T-(L37F) mutation in ‘Nsp6’ of SARS-CoV-2 also diminishes the innate immune response leading to asymptomatic infections. It is, therefore, pertinent to understand the role of proteins like PLpro and Nsp6 in SARS-CoV-2 biology for the development of transmission control measures against COVID-19. This review focuses on viral molecular mechanisms that alter disease severity and highlights compounds that work against such regulatory SARS-CoV-2 proteins.","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135783968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The term artificial intelligence refers to the use of computers and technology to replicate intelligent behaviour and critical thinking similar to that of a human being. In COVID-19, artificial intelligence has been widely applied in diagnostics, public health, clinical decision-making, social control, treatments, vaccine development, monitoring, integration with big data, operation of additional vital clinical services, and patient management. Hence, we conceptualized this study to evaluate the usage of artificial intelligence as a tool at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: From December, 2019, to May, 2022, all clinical trials using AI approaches listed on clinicaltrials.gov and ctri.gov.in were examined and analysed. Results: Out of 8072 studies on COVID-19 listed on ClinicalTrials.gov and 674 studies on the CTRI website, 53 studies were related to AI. Ten (18.9%) of the 53 studies were interventional, while the remaining 43 (81.1%) were observational. Conclusion: With limited medical resources and growing healthcare strain, the introduction of AI approaches will increase human efficiency and capacity to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, artificial intelligence was proven to be more accurate than human specialists in COVID-19 diagnosis and medication discovery.
{"title":"A Registry-based Audit of a Current Situation of Clinical Research in COVID-19 Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques: A Systematic Review","authors":"Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, sree sudha ty, Hemasri Velmurugan, Eswaran Thangaraju, Kaumudi Chirumamilla, Tulika Chakrabarti, Prasun Chakrabarti","doi":"10.2174/2666796704666230908124854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666796704666230908124854","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The term artificial intelligence refers to the use of computers and technology to replicate intelligent behaviour and critical thinking similar to that of a human being. In COVID-19, artificial intelligence has been widely applied in diagnostics, public health, clinical decision-making, social control, treatments, vaccine development, monitoring, integration with big data, operation of additional vital clinical services, and patient management. Hence, we conceptualized this study to evaluate the usage of artificial intelligence as a tool at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: From December, 2019, to May, 2022, all clinical trials using AI approaches listed on clinicaltrials.gov and ctri.gov.in were examined and analysed. Results: Out of 8072 studies on COVID-19 listed on ClinicalTrials.gov and 674 studies on the CTRI website, 53 studies were related to AI. Ten (18.9%) of the 53 studies were interventional, while the remaining 43 (81.1%) were observational. Conclusion: With limited medical resources and growing healthcare strain, the introduction of AI approaches will increase human efficiency and capacity to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, artificial intelligence was proven to be more accurate than human specialists in COVID-19 diagnosis and medication discovery.","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136362038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.2174/2666796704666230904150831
Aditya P. Desai, Aryan P. Desai, Victoria Ochs, Prashant V. Desai
Two mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, are currently approved in the United States, and one viral-vector vaccine, J&J/Janssen, is authorized for limited use. The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database gathers reports of adverse effects, including anaphylaxis. In this manuscript, we provide a summary of reported incidence of anaphylaxis rates following administration of the two mRNA and one viral-vector COVID-19 vaccine. A detailed investigation of the relative risk of anaphylaxis for recipients with or without a prior history of allergy and/or anaphylaxis is also described. Overall reported incidence of anaphylaxis is 4.49 [95% CI: 0.25 – 8.73] cases per million doses administered. The reported risk of anaphylaxis is 1.83 times greater for recipients with prior allergies and no anaphylaxis but 17.70 times greater for recipients with prior allergies and anaphylaxis.
{"title":"Investigation of Reported Anaphylaxis Post COVID-19 Vaccination in Subjects with History of Allergies and Anaphylaxis","authors":"Aditya P. Desai, Aryan P. Desai, Victoria Ochs, Prashant V. Desai","doi":"10.2174/2666796704666230904150831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666796704666230904150831","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Two mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, are currently\u0000approved in the United States, and one viral-vector vaccine, J&J/Janssen, is authorized for limited use.\u0000The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database gathers reports of adverse effects, including anaphylaxis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this manuscript, we provide a summary of reported incidence of anaphylaxis rates following\u0000administration of the two mRNA and one viral-vector COVID-19 vaccine.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A detailed investigation of the relative risk of anaphylaxis for recipients with or without a prior\u0000history of allergy and/or anaphylaxis is also described.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Overall reported incidence of anaphylaxis is 4.49 [95% CI: 0.25 – 8.73] cases per million doses\u0000administered.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The reported risk of anaphylaxis is 1.83 times greater for recipients with prior allergies and\u0000no anaphylaxis but 17.70 times greater for recipients with prior allergies and anaphylaxis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79166534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.2174/0126667975259454230920150008
A. Girigoswami, K. Girigoswami
Throughout the cell cycle, the cells are exposed to various endogenous and exogenous factors that could damage the cell at the molecular or extracellular level, leading to its death. Cells can undergo oxidative stress when they are exposed to repeated doses of oxidants produced by metabolism or the result of exposure to toxic chemicals, radiations, nanoparticles, harmful smoke, etc. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are examples of these oxidants, and the body's primary defense, i.e., the antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant molecules, attempt to scavenge them. Repair mechanisms can protect the DNA to some extent even when they are escaped from this defense system. However, damaged cells can also choose to die in different ways. Different types of cell death can be caused by exposure to different types of nanoparticles, nanostructures, toxic molecules, oxidants, and radiation. This mini-review will discuss reported types of cell death in the literature such as necrosis, necroptosis, secondary necrosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, oncosis, and other eight types of cell death. The different pathways of these types of cell deaths are also described in detail mentioning the differences of enzymes involved in these pathways.
{"title":"Cell Death Mechanisms Elicited by Multifactorial Stress Inducers- A Minireview","authors":"A. Girigoswami, K. Girigoswami","doi":"10.2174/0126667975259454230920150008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975259454230920150008","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the cell cycle, the cells are exposed to various endogenous and exogenous factors that could damage the cell at the molecular or extracellular level, leading to its death. Cells can undergo oxidative stress when they are exposed to repeated doses of oxidants produced by metabolism or the result of exposure to toxic chemicals, radiations, nanoparticles, harmful smoke, etc. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are examples of these oxidants, and the body's primary defense, i.e., the antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant molecules, attempt to scavenge them. Repair mechanisms can protect the DNA to some extent even when they are escaped from this defense system. However, damaged cells can also choose to die in different ways. Different types of cell death can be caused by exposure to different types of nanoparticles, nanostructures, toxic molecules, oxidants, and radiation. This mini-review will discuss reported types of cell death in the literature such as necrosis, necroptosis, secondary necrosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, oncosis, and other eight types of cell death. The different pathways of these types of cell deaths are also described in detail mentioning the differences of enzymes involved in these pathways.","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139346535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.2174/0126667975259369230921054259
Samiksha Prasad, W. Wahood, Darisel Ventura Rodriguez, Amanda J. Chase
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The COVID-19 pandemic served as a driving force for the evaluation of nextgeneration vaccine technology platforms through novel paradigms to accelerate vaccine development and administration. However, vaccine acceptance is influenced by many factors, including social influences and community-based interventions. This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination climate on an academic health professions community of students, faculty, and staff. An anonymous, 29-item survey was developed with questions pertaining to demographics, COVID-19 infection, vaccine practices and hesitancy. A total of 583 students, faculty, and staff from multiple health professions at a single academic institution completed the survey. A higher number of students agreed that they “feel socially pressured to get the COVID-19 vaccine” as compared to faculty/staff (39.3% vs. 18.2%, p<0.001). In addition, a lower number of students agreed that “the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks” compared to faculty/staff (85.9% vs. 92.8%, p=0.039). Moreover, a lower number of students disagreed with the statement “healthcare workers/students should have the right to refuse the COVID-19 vaccine that is required by their employer/ institution” compared to faculty/staff (40.2% vs. 68.9%, p<0.001). These were among 11 of the statistically divergent responses that gaged vaccine hesitancy. This study provides insight into the perceptions of vaccines from students, faculty, and staff within an interprofessional healthcare community and highlights the need for vaccine education early in health professions curricula.
{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccine Practices and Perceptions Among an Academic Healthcare Community","authors":"Samiksha Prasad, W. Wahood, Darisel Ventura Rodriguez, Amanda J. Chase","doi":"10.2174/0126667975259369230921054259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975259369230921054259","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The COVID-19 pandemic served as a driving force for the evaluation of nextgeneration vaccine technology platforms through novel paradigms to accelerate vaccine development and administration. However, vaccine acceptance is influenced by many factors, including social influences and community-based interventions. This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination climate on an academic health professions community of students, faculty, and staff. An anonymous, 29-item survey was developed with questions pertaining to demographics, COVID-19 infection, vaccine practices and hesitancy. A total of 583 students, faculty, and staff from multiple health professions at a single academic institution completed the survey. A higher number of students agreed that they “feel socially pressured to get the COVID-19 vaccine” as compared to faculty/staff (39.3% vs. 18.2%, p<0.001). In addition, a lower number of students agreed that “the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks” compared to faculty/staff (85.9% vs. 92.8%, p=0.039). Moreover, a lower number of students disagreed with the statement “healthcare workers/students should have the right to refuse the COVID-19 vaccine that is required by their employer/ institution” compared to faculty/staff (40.2% vs. 68.9%, p<0.001). These were among 11 of the statistically divergent responses that gaged vaccine hesitancy. This study provides insight into the perceptions of vaccines from students, faculty, and staff within an interprofessional healthcare community and highlights the need for vaccine education early in health professions curricula.","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139343424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.2174/2666796704666230823164137
A. A. Parikesit, Stephanie Audrey Victoria, I. Pramanda
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virulent source of COVID-19 disease. As a result of the rapid transmission of the viral agent and deficiency of specific drugs against the virus, a worldwide pandemic ensued with a terrifying death toll. Thus there is tremendous urgency to discover substances for the development of specific COVID-19 drugs. With increasing public interest in natural products, this study aims to discover alkaloid compounds capable of inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 with the assistance of bioinformatics. In this work, 298 alkaloids with reported antiviral properties were identified, and their biological activities were validated with QSAR analysis using the Pass Online server until only 7 alkaloids remained. Molecular docking studies for these 7 alkaloids onto SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, a protein involved in viral replication, were carried out with AutoDock Vina, followed by in silico visualization of the protein-alkaloid interaction with Ligplot+ program and prediction of ADME-Tox properties of the alkaloids using Toxtree program and SwissADME online server. Fangchinoline, phenanthroindolizidine, and polyalthenol are predicted to have strong binding affinity with SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Visualization of the molecular interactions between the ligand and protein target, however, showed that homonojirimycin formed the most hydrogen bonds with the protein binding site. Most of the alkaloids have little to no violation of Lipinski’s Rule of 5, easy to moderate synthetic accessibility, and good pharmacokinetic properties. Fangchinoline, phenanthroindolizidine, and polyalthenol exhibited high binding affinity values to SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, with polyalthenol predicted to possess the strongest binding interactions to the active site of the protein. Polyalthenol and phenanthroindolizidine confer the most versatility in terms of bioavailability, however, supplementary observation of phenanthroindolizidine for the prospect of mutagenicity is required before it can be recommended for further drug development
{"title":"In Silico Study of Alkaloid Compounds with Computational Approach for Selection of Drug Leads for COVID-19","authors":"A. A. Parikesit, Stephanie Audrey Victoria, I. Pramanda","doi":"10.2174/2666796704666230823164137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666796704666230823164137","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virulent source of COVID-19 disease. As a result of the rapid transmission of the viral agent and deficiency of specific drugs against the virus, a worldwide pandemic ensued with a terrifying death toll. Thus there is tremendous urgency to discover substances for the development of specific COVID-19 drugs. With increasing public interest in natural products, this study aims to discover alkaloid compounds capable of inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 with the assistance of bioinformatics.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this work, 298 alkaloids with reported antiviral properties were identified, and their biological activities were validated with QSAR analysis using the Pass Online server until only 7 alkaloids remained. Molecular docking studies for these 7 alkaloids onto SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, a protein involved in viral replication, were carried out with AutoDock Vina, followed by in silico visualization of the protein-alkaloid interaction with Ligplot+ program and prediction of ADME-Tox properties of the alkaloids using Toxtree program and SwissADME online server.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Fangchinoline, phenanthroindolizidine, and polyalthenol are predicted to have strong binding affinity with SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Visualization of the molecular interactions between the ligand and protein target, however, showed that homonojirimycin formed the most hydrogen bonds with the protein binding site. Most of the alkaloids have little to no violation of Lipinski’s Rule of 5, easy to moderate synthetic accessibility, and good pharmacokinetic properties.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Fangchinoline, phenanthroindolizidine, and polyalthenol exhibited high binding affinity values to SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, with polyalthenol predicted to possess the strongest binding interactions to the active site of the protein. Polyalthenol and phenanthroindolizidine confer the most versatility in terms of bioavailability, however, supplementary observation of phenanthroindolizidine for the prospect of mutagenicity is required before it can be recommended for further drug development\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"184 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75718968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.2174/2666796704666230822124127
D. Patel
{"title":"Biological Potential and Therapeutic Effectiveness of Aschantin and Epiaschantin: Natural Lignans Abundantly Found in Magnolia Flos","authors":"D. Patel","doi":"10.2174/2666796704666230822124127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666796704666230822124127","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74095460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.2174/2666796704666230822113632
A. K. Chhillar, Jasmine Arya, Sweety Dahiya
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the leading cause of death due to pulmonary diseases and has developed resistance to various antibiotics over time making it extremely difficult to treat and eradicate. For an effective treatment regime, it becomes necessary to understand the factors and mechanisms of resistance to predict the possibility of associated resistance. In the present-day scenario, conditions of Tuberculosis patients have worsened due to COVID-19 with escalated mortality rates. Additionally, COVID-19 has also affected the regime and regular monitoring of patients which is mainly because of the shift in the focus and toxicity of various COVID-19 and Tuberculosis drug combinations.
{"title":"Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis and its Implication with COVID-19","authors":"A. K. Chhillar, Jasmine Arya, Sweety Dahiya","doi":"10.2174/2666796704666230822113632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666796704666230822113632","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the leading cause of death due to pulmonary diseases and has developed resistance to various antibiotics over time making it extremely difficult to treat and eradicate. For an effective treatment regime, it becomes necessary to understand the factors and mechanisms of resistance to predict the possibility of associated resistance. In the present-day scenario, conditions of Tuberculosis patients have worsened due to COVID-19 with escalated mortality rates. Additionally, COVID-19 has also affected the regime and regular monitoring of patients which is mainly because of the shift in the focus and toxicity of various COVID-19 and Tuberculosis drug combinations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73258605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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