Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.2174/0124681873309222240426071220
Yasir Nawaz, Saba Munir, Fouzia Tanvir, A. Umar, Imran Majeed, Ibrar Hussain, Aqeela Nawaz, Ayesha Sadiqa, Samreen Riaz, Samiya Rehman, Muhammad Luqman, Ahmad Ali, Javaria Zafar
Breast cancer is one of the most widespread and lethal malignancies afflicting females globally. The global incidence of breast cancer is on the rise, with an anticipated 4.4 million cases by 2070. Notably, breast cancer constitutes approximately 25% of all cancer diagnoses. In the realm of biomedical sciences, nanotechnology has ushered in a transformative era, particularly in cancer therapy and diagnostics. Nanoparticles offer the capability to tailor specific sizes, with elevated surface-to-volume ratios proving advantageous for drug distribution by ensuring a substantial medicines loading volume. Gold nanoparticles exhibit a remarkable selectivity for cancer cells, primarily attributed to the heightened permeability and retaining effects. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of gold nanoparticles in breast cancer therapy, comparing them with traditional techniques from previous research and elucidating their mechanism of action. Data for analysis were sourced from various platforms, including Web of Science and Google Scholar, comprising previously published information. Analysis revealed that historical studies employed conventional techniques for breast cancer therapy. However, contemporary approaches now favor nanomedicine, incorporating diverse drugs and delivery systems, surpassing traditional methods. In summary, nanomedicine emerges as an exceptionally effective mode of breast cancer treatment when juxtaposed with conventional approaches. Previous research also underscores the efficacy of gold nanoparticles as a viable treatment modality. Currently, a spectrum of nanomedicines, including gold nanoparticles, serves as a promising avenue for suppressing tumor development in breast cancer patients
乳腺癌是全球女性最常见、最致命的恶性肿瘤之一。全球乳腺癌发病率呈上升趋势，预计到 2070 年将达到 440 万例。值得注意的是，乳腺癌约占所有癌症诊断病例的 25%。在生物医学领域，纳米技术开创了一个变革时代，尤其是在癌症治疗和诊断方面。纳米颗粒具有定制特定尺寸的能力，其较高的表面体积比确保了大量的药物装载量，从而有利于药物的分布。金纳米粒子对癌细胞具有显著的选择性，这主要归因于其较高的渗透性和保留效应。本研究旨在评估金纳米粒子在乳腺癌治疗中的有效性，将其与以往研究中的传统技术进行比较，并阐明其作用机制。分析数据来自各种平台，包括 Web of Science 和 Google Scholar，包括以前发表的信息。分析表明，以往的研究采用传统技术治疗乳腺癌。总之，与传统方法相比，纳米医学是一种非常有效的乳腺癌治疗方法。以前的研究也强调了金纳米粒子作为一种可行的治疗方式的有效性。目前，包括金纳米粒子在内的各种纳米药物是抑制乳腺癌患者肿瘤发展的一种很有前景的方法。
{"title":"Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis and its Mode of Action as an Effective Therapy against Breast Carcinoma: Analysis of Traditional Methods and their Comparison with New Methods","authors":"Yasir Nawaz, Saba Munir, Fouzia Tanvir, A. Umar, Imran Majeed, Ibrar Hussain, Aqeela Nawaz, Ayesha Sadiqa, Samreen Riaz, Samiya Rehman, Muhammad Luqman, Ahmad Ali, Javaria Zafar","doi":"10.2174/0124681873309222240426071220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873309222240426071220","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Breast cancer is one of the most widespread and lethal malignancies afflicting females\u0000globally. The global incidence of breast cancer is on the rise, with an anticipated 4.4 million cases\u0000by 2070. Notably, breast cancer constitutes approximately 25% of all cancer diagnoses. In the\u0000realm of biomedical sciences, nanotechnology has ushered in a transformative era, particularly in\u0000cancer therapy and diagnostics. Nanoparticles offer the capability to tailor specific sizes, with elevated\u0000surface-to-volume ratios proving advantageous for drug distribution by ensuring a substantial\u0000medicines loading volume. Gold nanoparticles exhibit a remarkable selectivity for cancer\u0000cells, primarily attributed to the heightened permeability and retaining effects. This study aims to\u0000assess the effectiveness of gold nanoparticles in breast cancer therapy, comparing them with traditional\u0000techniques from previous research and elucidating their mechanism of action. Data for analysis\u0000were sourced from various platforms, including Web of Science and Google Scholar, comprising\u0000previously published information. Analysis revealed that historical studies employed conventional\u0000techniques for breast cancer therapy. However, contemporary approaches now favor\u0000nanomedicine, incorporating diverse drugs and delivery systems, surpassing traditional methods.\u0000In summary, nanomedicine emerges as an exceptionally effective mode of breast cancer treatment\u0000when juxtaposed with conventional approaches. Previous research also underscores the efficacy of\u0000gold nanoparticles as a viable treatment modality. Currently, a spectrum of nanomedicines, including\u0000gold nanoparticles, serves as a promising avenue for suppressing tumor development in breast\u0000cancer patients\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141017607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.2174/0124681873288498240408081151
Akram Abedi, Ali Firoznia, Cobra Izanloo
In green synthesis, metal ions are transformed into nanoparticles through a simple reaction, without the need for surfactants, specific conditions, and other stabilizing agents. This study performed the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extract of Klasea latifolia and Klasea leptoclada. In green synthesis, metal ions are transformed into nanoparticles through a simple reaction, without the need for surfactants, specific conditions (e.g., temperature and pressure), and other stabilizing agents. Herbs, including flavonoids and other water-soluble active metabolites, could also be used to reduce metal ions to nanoparticles at room temperature. Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Klasea leptoclada and Klasea latifolia extracts. Nanoparticles were characterized using the SEM, XRD, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and EDS methods. The antibacterial properties of the extracts and synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli using the agar disk-diffusion and well-diffusion. The antioxidants of the herbs were investigated using the DPPH and FRAP methods, and the IC50 of the extracts was determined as well. The results showed that, although no chlorinated compounds were added to the reaction medium, in addition to silver nanoparticles, silver chloride nanoparticles were also synthesized. The synthesized nanoparticles were spherical (size: 27-38 nm) and had uniform size distribution. Furthermore, the synthesized nanoparticles and extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity. Many plants have been used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, but the advantage of using the extract of K.latifolia and K. leptoclada was that in addition to synthesizing silver nanoparticles, silver chloride nanoparticles were also synthesized.
{"title":"Synthesis of Ag and AgCl Nanoparticles Using Klasea latifolia and Klassa leptoclada Extracts and Assessment of the Antimicrobial Properties of the\u0000Synthesized Nanoparticles and Antioxidant Properties of the Extracts","authors":"Akram Abedi, Ali Firoznia, Cobra Izanloo","doi":"10.2174/0124681873288498240408081151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873288498240408081151","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In green synthesis, metal ions are transformed into nanoparticles through\u0000a simple reaction, without the need for surfactants, specific conditions, and other stabilizing\u0000agents.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study performed the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extract of\u0000Klasea latifolia and Klasea leptoclada.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In green synthesis, metal ions are transformed into nanoparticles through a simple reaction, without the need for surfactants, specific conditions (e.g., temperature and pressure), and other stabilizing agents. Herbs, including flavonoids and other water-soluble active metabolites, could also be used to reduce metal ions to nanoparticles at room temperature. Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Klasea leptoclada and Klasea latifolia extracts.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Nanoparticles were characterized using the SEM, XRD, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and\u0000EDS methods. The antibacterial properties of the extracts and synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated\u0000against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli using the agar disk-diffusion\u0000and well-diffusion. The antioxidants of the herbs were investigated using the DPPH and\u0000FRAP methods, and the IC50 of the extracts was determined as well. The results showed that, although\u0000no chlorinated compounds were added to the reaction medium, in addition to silver nanoparticles,\u0000silver chloride nanoparticles were also synthesized. The synthesized nanoparticles were\u0000spherical (size: 27-38 nm) and had uniform size distribution. Furthermore, the synthesized nanoparticles\u0000and extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Many plants have been used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, but the advantage\u0000of using the extract of K.latifolia and K. leptoclada was that in addition to synthesizing silver\u0000nanoparticles, silver chloride nanoparticles were also synthesized.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":" 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140687739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.2174/0124681873284203240328102643
Shubhra Maheshwari, Aditya Singh, Rufaida Wasim, B. Prajapati, R. Malviya, G. Shazly
An ocular drug delivery system, or ODDS, is the method for executing a prescription to the peeper in order to treat or manage conditions related to the eyes. The range of ODDS modalities is broad and includes simple aseptic eye drops for the optic surface as well as complex implants for intraocular tissue. The use of ODDS is often necessary for states such as cataracts, progressive retinal illness, inflammation, dry eye syndrome, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and other related diseases or disorders. To sustain the intended drug concentrations at the prescribed place, new drug delivery technologies have been developed, incorporating fibrin-sealing materials and sticky gels. The advancement of long-lasting drug delivery systems that are non-invasive and applied externally to the back portion of the eye possesses the potential to improve drug administration significantly. The progress made in the field of ophthalmic drug delivery has resulted in promising advancements in the treatment of diseases affecting both the front and back portions of the eye. These groundbreaking strategies for administering medication hold immense potential for enhancing drug delivery in the future. Furthermore, these inventive devices and/or formulations are easy to develop, causing minimal or negligible irritation, boasting a prolonged period residing in front of the cornea, sustaining the release of drugs, and increasing the therapeutic availability of medications within the eye. To remain up to date with the current advancements in the field of ocular drug delivery, it is essential to acquire the latest information. This helps drug delivery scientists improve their thought processes and also makes it possible to create fresh, trustworthy drug delivery methods. The objective of this investigation is to provide a thorough investigation while also tracking their advancement. Next, we shall examine the latest breakthroughs in formulation innovations based on nanotechnology. We will also discuss the most recent developments in additional ocular medication administration methods, including in-situ gels, implants, contact lenses, and microneedles.
{"title":"Revealing the Potential of Mucoadhesive Ocular Nanoparticles for\u0000Enhanced Drug Delivery","authors":"Shubhra Maheshwari, Aditya Singh, Rufaida Wasim, B. Prajapati, R. Malviya, G. Shazly","doi":"10.2174/0124681873284203240328102643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873284203240328102643","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000An ocular drug delivery system, or ODDS, is the method for executing a prescription to\u0000the peeper in order to treat or manage conditions related to the eyes. The range of ODDS modalities is broad and includes simple aseptic eye drops for the optic surface as well as complex implants for intraocular tissue. The use of ODDS is often necessary for states such as cataracts, progressive retinal illness, inflammation, dry eye syndrome, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and other related diseases or disorders. To sustain the intended drug concentrations at the prescribed place,\u0000new drug delivery technologies have been developed, incorporating fibrin-sealing materials and\u0000sticky gels. The advancement of long-lasting drug delivery systems that are non-invasive and applied externally to the back portion of the eye possesses the potential to improve drug administration significantly. The progress made in the field of ophthalmic drug delivery has resulted in\u0000promising advancements in the treatment of diseases affecting both the front and back portions of\u0000the eye. These groundbreaking strategies for administering medication hold immense potential for\u0000enhancing drug delivery in the future. Furthermore, these inventive devices and/or formulations\u0000are easy to develop, causing minimal or negligible irritation, boasting a prolonged period residing\u0000in front of the cornea, sustaining the release of drugs, and increasing the therapeutic availability of\u0000medications within the eye. To remain up to date with the current advancements in the field of ocular drug delivery, it is essential to acquire the latest information. This helps drug delivery scientists improve their thought processes and also makes it possible to create fresh, trustworthy drug\u0000delivery methods. The objective of this investigation is to provide a thorough investigation while\u0000also tracking their advancement. Next, we shall examine the latest breakthroughs in formulation innovations based on nanotechnology. We will also discuss the most recent developments in additional ocular medication administration methods, including in-situ gels, implants, contact lenses, and\u0000microneedles.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":"27 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, the delivery of hydrophobic/ poorly water-soluble drugs has been a difficult task. Various approaches have been developed to counter the former and other main issues, such as solubility, bioavailability, etc. However, only a few formulations have successfully addressed the problems and nanoemulgels are a standout among them. The nanoemulgel drug delivery approach combines multiple benefits associated with emulsion and gel technologies to improve active moiety solubility, bioavailability, and longevity. The article discusses the present status of nanoemulgel research and development, including its preparation methods and characterization techniques. Additionally, the possible uses of nanoemulgel in targeted drug delivery and cosmetic/ personal care products are discussed. Overall, nanoemulgel technology has shown significant promise as a novel approach to augment the transport of water-insoluble moieties. With further research as well as development, it is expected to have a substantial impact on the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. This inclusive review highlighted the role of nanoemulgels as a promising carrier for drug delivery, with an overview of a few illustrations supporting the cause.
{"title":"Nanoemulgel: An Innovative Carrier for Drug Delivery of Poorly\u0000Water-Soluble Drugs","authors":"Prevesh Kumar, Zaira Hussain, Phool Chandra, Diksha, Varsha Raj, Navneet Verma, Alok Singh","doi":"10.2174/0124681873286701240320111432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873286701240320111432","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Recently, the delivery of hydrophobic/ poorly water-soluble drugs has been a difficult\u0000task. Various approaches have been developed to counter the former and other main issues, such\u0000as solubility, bioavailability, etc. However, only a few formulations have successfully addressed\u0000the problems and nanoemulgels are a standout among them. The nanoemulgel drug delivery approach\u0000combines multiple benefits associated with emulsion and gel technologies to improve active\u0000moiety solubility, bioavailability, and longevity. The article discusses the present status of nanoemulgel\u0000research and development, including its preparation methods and characterization techniques.\u0000Additionally, the possible uses of nanoemulgel in targeted drug delivery and cosmetic/ personal\u0000care products are discussed. Overall, nanoemulgel technology has shown significant\u0000promise as a novel approach to augment the transport of water-insoluble moieties. With further research\u0000as well as development, it is expected to have a substantial impact on the pharmaceutical\u0000and cosmetic industries. This inclusive review highlighted the role of nanoemulgels as a promising\u0000carrier for drug delivery, with an overview of a few illustrations supporting the cause.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140737380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.2174/0124681873299074240307093319
H. B. Samal, Lipsa Samal, Annada Kar, Itishree Jogamaya Das, Bishal Sarkar, Arijit Mondal, Suddhasattya Dey
The majority of new chemical substances generated by the drug development process are poorly water-soluble or lipophilic. Formulation of a poorly water-soluble substance is a difficult task for the pharmaceutical industry. It is widely acknowledged that using nanosuspension in drug administration enhances the drug’s solubility, dissolution, and ultimately bioavailability. This study aimed to examine the particle sizes of nanosuspensions made by nanoprecipitation techniques and improve their effectiveness. Aprepitant’s nanosuspension has been produced by nanoprecipitation techniques. The particle size, polydispersity index, along zeta potential of the produced nanosuspensions were measured. The optimized nanosuspension has been investigated further for solubility, dissolution, surface morphology, FT-IR, DSC as well as stability studies. The majority of new chemical substances generated by the drug development process are poorly water soluble or lipophilic. Formulation of a poorly water-soluble substance is a difficult task for the pharmaceutical industry. It is widely acknowledged that using nanosuspension in drug administration enhances the drug’s solubility, dissolution, and ultimately bioavailability. This study aimed to examine the particle sizes of nanosuspensions made by nano precipitation techniques and improve its effectiveness. The combination of tween 80 and poloxamer 188 as stabilizer resulted in the preparation of an optimized nanosuspension (F9) with a particle size of 738 nm, polydispersity index 0.236, zeta potential -15.1 mV and an improved solubility and dissolution profile compared to pure drugs. Positive performance improvement was observed in the solubility and dissolution studies. The crystallinity changed upon nanosizing, as demonstrated by the SEM, FT-IR and DSC analysis. Aprepitant’s nanosuspension has been produced by nano precipitation techniques. The particle size, polydispersity index along with zeta potential of the produced nanosuspensions were measured. The optimized nanosuspension has been investigated further for solubility, dissolution, surface morphology, FT-IR, DSC as well as stability studies. The nanoprecipitation method was effective in producing a stable Aprepitant nanosuspension with improved solubility and dissolution rate.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Aprepitant Nanosuspension by Nano Precipitation Techniques","authors":"H. B. Samal, Lipsa Samal, Annada Kar, Itishree Jogamaya Das, Bishal Sarkar, Arijit Mondal, Suddhasattya Dey","doi":"10.2174/0124681873299074240307093319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873299074240307093319","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The majority of new chemical substances generated by the drug development\u0000process are poorly water-soluble or lipophilic. Formulation of a poorly water-soluble substance\u0000is a difficult task for the pharmaceutical industry. It is widely acknowledged that using nanosuspension\u0000in drug administration enhances the drug’s solubility, dissolution, and ultimately bioavailability.\u0000This study aimed to examine the particle sizes of nanosuspensions made by nanoprecipitation\u0000techniques and improve their effectiveness.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Aprepitant’s nanosuspension has been produced by nanoprecipitation techniques. The\u0000particle size, polydispersity index, along zeta potential of the produced nanosuspensions were measured.\u0000The optimized nanosuspension has been investigated further for solubility, dissolution, surface\u0000morphology, FT-IR, DSC as well as stability studies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The majority of new chemical substances generated by the drug development process are poorly water soluble or lipophilic. Formulation of a poorly water-soluble substance is a difficult task for the pharmaceutical industry. It is widely acknowledged that using nanosuspension in drug administration enhances the drug’s solubility, dissolution, and ultimately bioavailability. This study aimed to examine the particle sizes of nanosuspensions made by nano precipitation techniques and improve its effectiveness.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The combination of tween 80 and poloxamer 188 as stabilizer resulted in the preparation\u0000of an optimized nanosuspension (F9) with a particle size of 738 nm, polydispersity index 0.236,\u0000zeta potential -15.1 mV and an improved solubility and dissolution profile compared to pure\u0000drugs. Positive performance improvement was observed in the solubility and dissolution studies.\u0000The crystallinity changed upon nanosizing, as demonstrated by the SEM, FT-IR and DSC analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Aprepitant’s nanosuspension has been produced by nano precipitation techniques. The particle size, polydispersity index along with zeta potential of the produced nanosuspensions were measured. The optimized nanosuspension has been investigated further for solubility, dissolution, surface morphology, FT-IR, DSC as well as stability studies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The nanoprecipitation method was effective in producing a stable Aprepitant nanosuspension\u0000with improved solubility and dissolution rate.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140387821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.2174/0124681873283442240228054238
A. Sailaja, Aisha Tabassum
The major goal of this work is to develop letrozole nanoparticles using the polymer precipitation technique. Formulations were prepared by using Ethyl cellulose and Eudragit S100 as polymers. By varying drug-polymer ratios, a total of ten formulations were prepared. By altering the drug concentration to polymer, five formulations were prepared with Ethyl cellulose and five with Eudragit S100. All ten formulations were evaluated for different characterization and evaluation parameters such as Entrapment efficiency, Loading capacity and in vitro drug release studies, particle size, stability (zeta potential), surface morphology, and drug-polymer interaction study. In comparison, the NEC 2:1 formulation showed the smallest particle size,high stability, good entrapment efficiency, and sustained drug release. This formulation was further studied to determine the anticancer activity in vitro in the MCF-7 Breast cancer cell line by MTT assay. The results indicated that the prepared formulation exhibited anticancer activity with an IC50 value of 91.26 micromolar. Comparatively, Ethyl cellulose was proven to be a better polymer than Eudragit S100, and the nanoprecipitation technique was considered the most suitable technique for preparing letrozole nanoparticles.
{"title":"Formulation of Letrozole-loaded Ethyl Cellulose and Eudragit S100\u0000Nanoparticles by Nanoprecipitation Technique and Determination of\u0000Cytotoxic Activity by MTT Assay","authors":"A. Sailaja, Aisha Tabassum","doi":"10.2174/0124681873283442240228054238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873283442240228054238","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The major goal of this work is to develop letrozole nanoparticles using\u0000the polymer precipitation technique. Formulations were prepared by using Ethyl cellulose and Eudragit\u0000S100 as polymers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000By varying drug-polymer ratios, a total of ten formulations were prepared. By altering\u0000the drug concentration to polymer, five formulations were prepared with Ethyl cellulose and five\u0000with Eudragit S100. All ten formulations were evaluated for different characterization and evaluation\u0000parameters such as Entrapment efficiency, Loading capacity and in vitro drug release studies,\u0000particle size, stability (zeta potential), surface morphology, and drug-polymer interaction study.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In comparison, the NEC 2:1 formulation showed the smallest particle size,high stability,\u0000good entrapment efficiency, and sustained drug release. This formulation was further studied to determine\u0000the anticancer activity in vitro in the MCF-7 Breast cancer cell line by MTT assay. The results\u0000indicated that the prepared formulation exhibited anticancer activity with an IC50 value of\u000091.26 micromolar.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Comparatively, Ethyl cellulose was proven to be a better polymer than Eudragit\u0000S100, and the nanoprecipitation technique was considered the most suitable technique for preparing\u0000letrozole nanoparticles.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140234409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To enhance the solubility of simvastatin by improving the surface area of the drug particle by preparing nanosponges that are enclosed in a tablet and capsule oral solid dosage forms, which in turn helps maintain the drug's stability. The present investigation aimed to develop a simvastatin nanosponge containing Eu-dragit as a polymer with different ratios of drug-to-polymer concentration to increase its solubility and further improve the oral bioavailability by using nanosponges’ formulation technique. The emulsion solvent diffusion method was used to prepare simvastatin nanosponges by using Eudragit S 100, Eudragit L 100, and a combination of both in different drug-to-polymer ratios, i.e., 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2. To characterize the conductivity, molecular changes, and size of the prepared nanosponges, a variety of evaluation parameters, including the compressibil-ity index, Hausner's ratio, angle of repose, microscopy, production yield, entrapment efficiency, drug content, in vitro drug release studies, DSC, XRD, FTIR, and SEM were evaluated. Opti-mized formulation was used to prepare colon-targeted tablets and capsules by taking nanosponges equivalent to 20 mg of simvastatin. The percentage yield, drug content, and entrapment efficiency of the final formulation were observed at 81 ± 0.26%, 92.4%, and 97 ± 0.56%, respectively. The in vitro drug release of the optimized formulations was 91.42 % at 12 hrs. The drug release followed the Peppas model with a super case II transport mechanism. The use of the nanosponge delivery system increased the solubility of simvastatin seven times, which in turn increased the drug's bioavailability.
{"title":"Formulation and Characterization of Simvastatin-Loaded Nanosponges: An Innovative Technique for Colon-Targeted Drug Delivery","authors":"Vanapalli Swapna, Rajeswari Saripilli, Kudumala Sravya, Dinesh Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0124681873297155240220062817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873297155240220062817","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000To enhance the solubility of simvastatin by improving the surface area of the drug particle by preparing nanosponges that are enclosed in a tablet and capsule oral solid dosage forms, which in turn helps maintain the drug's stability.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present investigation aimed to develop a simvastatin nanosponge containing Eu-dragit as a polymer with different ratios of drug-to-polymer concentration to increase its solubility and further improve the oral bioavailability by using nanosponges’ formulation technique.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The emulsion solvent diffusion method was used to prepare simvastatin nanosponges by using Eudragit S 100, Eudragit L 100, and a combination of both in different drug-to-polymer ratios, i.e., 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2. To characterize the conductivity, molecular changes, and size of the prepared nanosponges, a variety of evaluation parameters, including the compressibil-ity index, Hausner's ratio, angle of repose, microscopy, production yield, entrapment efficiency, drug content, in vitro drug release studies, DSC, XRD, FTIR, and SEM were evaluated. Opti-mized formulation was used to prepare colon-targeted tablets and capsules by taking nanosponges equivalent to 20 mg of simvastatin.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The percentage yield, drug content, and entrapment efficiency of the final formulation were observed at 81 ± 0.26%, 92.4%, and 97 ± 0.56%, respectively. The in vitro drug release of the optimized formulations was 91.42 % at 12 hrs. The drug release followed the Peppas model with a super case II transport mechanism.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The use of the nanosponge delivery system increased the solubility of simvastatin seven times, which in turn increased the drug's bioavailability.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140233900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.2174/0124681873259253230921095815
Prachiti Rathod, Minal Narkhede, Suraj Dongare
This review article constitutes an introductory report on nanotechnology focusing on the various manufacturing approaches of nanocrystals. Nanocrystals are a solid form to tackle the issue identified with poor fluid solvency. Hence, it is a useful technique in improving the bioa-vailability of various poorly soluble drugs. On a broader way, nanocrystal technology is mainly classified as top-down technology, bottom-up technology and a combination of top-down and bottom-up technology. Top-down technology is based on the principle of breaking down a com-plex into small crystals. This process is executed by using high-pressure homogenization, laser ablation, media mills, ultrasound technology, vacuum dissolution, gas condensation and mechani-cal attrition. Bottom-up technology is based on the principle of preparation by gathering at-oms/molecules together. It is achieved by using precipitation, supercritical fluid, gel-gel technol-ogy, spray drying, hydrolysis, and condensation. Due to the diverse characteristics and properties of drugs, a combination of top-down and bottom-up techniques is best for manufacturing nano-crystals. Some of the promising technique includes nano-edge technology and smart-crystal tech-nology. These techniques are discussed in this review.
{"title":"A Recent Review on Nanocrystal Manufacturing Techniques with\u0000Pharmaceutical Application","authors":"Prachiti Rathod, Minal Narkhede, Suraj Dongare","doi":"10.2174/0124681873259253230921095815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873259253230921095815","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This review article constitutes an introductory report on nanotechnology focusing on the various manufacturing approaches of nanocrystals. Nanocrystals are a solid form to tackle the issue identified with poor fluid solvency. Hence, it is a useful technique in improving the bioa-vailability of various poorly soluble drugs. On a broader way, nanocrystal technology is mainly classified as top-down technology, bottom-up technology and a combination of top-down and bottom-up technology. Top-down technology is based on the principle of breaking down a com-plex into small crystals. This process is executed by using high-pressure homogenization, laser ablation, media mills, ultrasound technology, vacuum dissolution, gas condensation and mechani-cal attrition. Bottom-up technology is based on the principle of preparation by gathering at-oms/molecules together. It is achieved by using precipitation, supercritical fluid, gel-gel technol-ogy, spray drying, hydrolysis, and condensation. Due to the diverse characteristics and properties of drugs, a combination of top-down and bottom-up techniques is best for manufacturing nano-crystals. Some of the promising technique includes nano-edge technology and smart-crystal tech-nology. These techniques are discussed in this review.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":"181 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140281895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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