Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.2174/0124681873261772230927074628
Swarupananda Mukherjee, D. Karati, Sudarshan Singh, Bhupendra G. Prajapati
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of permanent blindness globally. Due to the various obstacles, highly invasive intravitreal (IVT) injections are the prima-ry method used to deliver medications to the tissues of the posterior eye. An utmost patient-friendly topical ocular delivery approach has been extensively researched in recent years. Muco-adhesive compositions extend precorneal residence time while reducing precorneal clearance. They increase the likelihood of adhesion to corneal and conjunctival surfaces and, as a result, al-low for enhanced delivery to the posterior eye segment. Due to its remarkable mucoadhesive characteristics, chitosan (CS) has undergone the most extensive research of any mucoadhesive polymer. Drug delivery to the front and back of the eye is still difficult. The pharmaceutical in-dustry has shown greater interest in drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on nanotechnology (NT) in recent years, particularly those made from natural polymers like chitosan, alginate, etc. Be-cause of their incredible adaptability, higher biological effects, and favourable physicochemical properties, CS-oriented nanomaterials (NMs) are explored by researchers as prospective nanocar-riers. CS are the right substrates to develop pharmaceutical products, such as hydrogels, nanopar-ticles (NP), microparticles, and nanofibers, whether used alone or in composite form. CS-based nanocarriers deliver medicine, such as peptides, growth factors, vaccines, and genetic materials in regulated and targeted form. This review highlights current developments and challenges in chi-tosan-mediated nano therapies associated with AMD.
{"title":"Chitosan-based Nanomedicine in the Management of Age-related Macular\u0000Degeneration: A Review","authors":"Swarupananda Mukherjee, D. Karati, Sudarshan Singh, Bhupendra G. Prajapati","doi":"10.2174/0124681873261772230927074628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873261772230927074628","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of permanent blindness globally. Due to the various obstacles, highly invasive intravitreal (IVT) injections are the prima-ry method used to deliver medications to the tissues of the posterior eye. An utmost patient-friendly topical ocular delivery approach has been extensively researched in recent years. Muco-adhesive compositions extend precorneal residence time while reducing precorneal clearance. They increase the likelihood of adhesion to corneal and conjunctival surfaces and, as a result, al-low for enhanced delivery to the posterior eye segment. Due to its remarkable mucoadhesive characteristics, chitosan (CS) has undergone the most extensive research of any mucoadhesive polymer. Drug delivery to the front and back of the eye is still difficult. The pharmaceutical in-dustry has shown greater interest in drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on nanotechnology (NT) in recent years, particularly those made from natural polymers like chitosan, alginate, etc. Be-cause of their incredible adaptability, higher biological effects, and favourable physicochemical properties, CS-oriented nanomaterials (NMs) are explored by researchers as prospective nanocar-riers. CS are the right substrates to develop pharmaceutical products, such as hydrogels, nanopar-ticles (NP), microparticles, and nanofibers, whether used alone or in composite form. CS-based nanocarriers deliver medicine, such as peptides, growth factors, vaccines, and genetic materials in regulated and targeted form. This review highlights current developments and challenges in chi-tosan-mediated nano therapies associated with AMD.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140276797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening condition characterized by severe invasion of inflammatory cells, lung edema, and the development of intestinal fibrosis. The activation of proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6, and others results in the development of several risk factors for ALI. It has been observed that no viable therapies for lung injuries exist. Therefore, there is a significant need for healthcare requirements. However, few effective nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatments are available, which may have assisted doctors in reducing the likelihood of illness development. Still, not much progress has been made in illness management. This review aimed to briefly discuss pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for treating ALI. Nowadays, drug delivery and illness diagnosis are the most advanced areas of modern nanotechnology research, particularly concerning the lungs. So, we focused on various novel approaches, viz., organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, and bio nanoparticles, that combat ALI and improve lung functions. This review discussed many studies and the advancement of different nanomaterials as novel drug carriers in the lungs that can influence the immune system, suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and improving lung functions. Another aspect of studying nanotechnology is the release kinetics of nanoparticles and safety when administered to a targeted tissue. The higher uptake of nanomaterials and, thus, the drugs is another advancement in nanotechnology. Herein, we explored different approaches to improving and curing acute lung injury.
急性肺损伤（ALI）是一种危及生命的疾病，其特征是炎症细胞的严重入侵、肺水肿和肠纤维化的发展。TNF-α、IL-6 等促炎细胞因子的激活导致了多种 ALI 危险因素的出现。据观察，目前尚无治疗肺损伤的可行疗法。然而，目前有效的非药物和药物治疗方法很少，这可能有助于医生降低疾病发生的可能性。本综述旨在简要讨论治疗 ALI 的药物和非药物方法。如今，药物输送和疾病诊断是现代纳米技术研究的最前沿领域，尤其是在肺部方面。因此，我们重点研究了各种新型方法，即有机纳米粒子、无机纳米粒子、金属纳米粒子和生物纳米粒子，以对抗 ALI 并改善肺功能。研究纳米技术的另一个方面是纳米颗粒的释放动力学以及在靶组织中给药的安全性。在此，我们探讨了改善和治疗急性肺损伤的不同方法。
{"title":"Advances in Nanoparticulate Therapeutics for Acute Lung Injury:\u0000Addressing Unmet Clinical Needs through Targeted Therapy and\u0000Controlled Delivery of Drug","authors":"Piyushkumar Sadhu, Mamta Kumari, Hemraj Singh Rajput, Vipul P. Patel, Falguni Rathod, Nirmal Shah, Avinash Kumar Seth","doi":"10.2174/0124681873285123240206094443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873285123240206094443","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening condition characterized by\u0000severe invasion of inflammatory cells, lung edema, and the development of intestinal fibrosis. The\u0000activation of proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6, and others results in the development\u0000of several risk factors for ALI. It has been observed that no viable therapies for lung injuries exist.\u0000Therefore, there is a significant need for healthcare requirements. However, few effective nonpharmacological\u0000and pharmacological treatments are available, which may have assisted doctors\u0000in reducing the likelihood of illness development. Still, not much progress has been made in illness\u0000management.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This review aimed to briefly discuss pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches\u0000for treating ALI.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Nowadays, drug delivery and illness diagnosis are the most advanced areas of modern\u0000nanotechnology research, particularly concerning the lungs. So, we focused on various novel approaches,\u0000viz., organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, and bio nanoparticles,\u0000that combat ALI and improve lung functions. This review discussed many studies and\u0000the advancement of different nanomaterials as novel drug carriers in the lungs that can influence\u0000the immune system, suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and improving lung functions.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Another aspect of studying nanotechnology is the release kinetics of nanoparticles and\u0000safety when administered to a targeted tissue.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The higher uptake of nanomaterials and, thus, the drugs is another advancement in\u0000nanotechnology. Herein, we explored different approaches to improving and curing acute lung injury.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.2174/0124681873283751240206071835
Naga Sri Devi Putchakayala, Keerthana Morusu, Sireesha Ramisetty, Nagaraju Ravoaru
Lipid-based formulations, such as Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), have been thoroughly studied as drug delivery platforms. NLCs are binary systems composed of both solid and liquid lipids that aim to produce a lipidic core that is less ordered. Components of NLCs particularly influence the physicochemical characteristics and efficacy of the final product. They contain a solid matrix at room temperature and are thought to be superior to many other conventional lipids-based nanocarriers, such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanoemulsions, and liposomes because of their improved stability, drug loading capacity, good biocompatibility, enhanced permeability, bioavailability, extended half-life, fewer side effects, tissue- specific delivery and also a wide range of potential applications. NLCs have multiple applications in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics due to their ease of preparation, the feasibility of scale-up, non-toxicity, improved targeting efficiency, and potential for site-specific delivery via various routes of administration. This review enlightens about the most recent developments of NLCs as a drug delivery system, types of NLCs, current techniques to prepare NLCs, and characterization techniques that are essential for the development of safe, effective and stable formulation. It also highlights the potential of using NLCs for various administration routes and recent developments in pharmaceutical applications with successful outcomes. This review also provides great insight into formulation considerations using design experts and modification strategies for improved targeting. On the whole, NLCs are broadly explored and preferred lipid nanocarrier systems with several advantages.
{"title":"Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: A Novel Platform in the Formulation of\u0000Targeted Drug Delivery Systems","authors":"Naga Sri Devi Putchakayala, Keerthana Morusu, Sireesha Ramisetty, Nagaraju Ravoaru","doi":"10.2174/0124681873283751240206071835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873283751240206071835","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Lipid-based formulations, such as Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs),\u0000have been thoroughly studied as drug delivery platforms. NLCs are binary systems composed of\u0000both solid and liquid lipids that aim to produce a lipidic core that is less ordered. Components of\u0000NLCs particularly influence the physicochemical characteristics and efficacy of the final product.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000They contain a solid matrix at room temperature and are thought to be superior to\u0000many other conventional lipids-based nanocarriers, such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanoemulsions,\u0000and liposomes because of their improved stability, drug loading capacity, good biocompatibility,\u0000enhanced permeability, bioavailability, extended half-life, fewer side effects, tissue-\u0000specific delivery and also a wide range of potential applications.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000NLCs have multiple applications in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics\u0000due to their ease of preparation, the feasibility of scale-up, non-toxicity, improved targeting\u0000efficiency, and potential for site-specific delivery via various routes of administration.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This review enlightens about the most recent developments of NLCs as a drug\u0000delivery system, types of NLCs, current techniques to prepare NLCs, and characterization techniques\u0000that are essential for the development of safe, effective and stable formulation. It also highlights\u0000the potential of using NLCs for various administration routes and recent developments in\u0000pharmaceutical applications with successful outcomes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This review also provides great insight into formulation considerations using design\u0000experts and modification strategies for improved targeting. On the whole, NLCs are broadly explored\u0000and preferred lipid nanocarrier systems with several advantages.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) presents a significant challenge due to its aggressive nature and lack of responsive hormone receptors, predominantly affecting younger premenopausal women. Ethyl ferulate (EF), a notable phytochemical, has demonstrated promising anti-cancer properties. This study aimed to enhance the efficacy of EF by synthesizing and characterizing ethyl ferulate gold nanoparticles (EF-AuNps) to passively target TNBC cells via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. We synthesized EF-AuNps using a direct reduction method and characterized the NPs by employing various techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, DLS, XRD, EDX, TEM, and FT-IR. The anti-proliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 cells was assessed using MTT and colony formation assays, alongside evaluating cell viability with PI-FACS and live/dead assays. Furthermore, a Western blot was performed to determine the mechanism of action of EFAuNps in TNBC cells. We successfully synthesized triangular EF-AuNps (<100nm) and observed a substantial inhibition of cell proliferation (IC50 18μg/ml). Compared to EF alone, EF-AuNps significantly enhanced cell death in TNBC cells, as confirmed by flow cytometry and viability assays. Besides, Western blot analysis verified that the expression of apoptotic-related signal proteins, such as survivin, caspase 3, and caspase 9, were modulated by EF-AuNps. EF-AuNps showed higher anti-cancer efficacy than EF in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of EF-AuNps for TNBC treatment, advocating for further preclinical and clinical investigations into this promising anti-cancer formulation.
{"title":"Biogenic Synthesis and Characterization of Ethyl Ferulate Gold Nanoparticle and its Efficacy against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells","authors":"Jyothsna Unnikrishnan, Mangala Hegde, Aviral Kumar, Sosmitha Girisa, Priyadarshi Satpati, A. Kunnumakkara","doi":"10.2174/0124681873280022240130062923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873280022240130062923","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) presents a significant challenge\u0000due to its aggressive nature and lack of responsive hormone receptors, predominantly affecting\u0000younger premenopausal women. Ethyl ferulate (EF), a notable phytochemical, has demonstrated\u0000promising anti-cancer properties. This study aimed to enhance the efficacy of EF by synthesizing\u0000and characterizing ethyl ferulate gold nanoparticles (EF-AuNps) to passively target TNBC cells\u0000via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We synthesized EF-AuNps using a direct reduction method and characterized the NPs\u0000by employing various techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, DLS, XRD, EDX, TEM,\u0000and FT-IR. The anti-proliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 cells was assessed using MTT\u0000and colony formation assays, alongside evaluating cell viability with PI-FACS and live/dead assays.\u0000Furthermore, a Western blot was performed to determine the mechanism of action of EFAuNps\u0000in TNBC cells.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We successfully synthesized triangular EF-AuNps (<100nm) and observed a substantial inhibition\u0000of cell proliferation (IC50 18μg/ml). Compared to EF alone, EF-AuNps significantly enhanced\u0000cell death in TNBC cells, as confirmed by flow cytometry and viability assays. Besides,\u0000Western blot analysis verified that the expression of apoptotic-related signal proteins, such as survivin,\u0000caspase 3, and caspase 9, were modulated by EF-AuNps.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000EF-AuNps showed higher anti-cancer efficacy than EF in the MDA-MB-231 cell\u0000line. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of EF-AuNps for TNBC treatment, advocating\u0000for further preclinical and clinical investigations into this promising anti-cancer formulation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":"294 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139799349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) presents a significant challenge due to its aggressive nature and lack of responsive hormone receptors, predominantly affecting younger premenopausal women. Ethyl ferulate (EF), a notable phytochemical, has demonstrated promising anti-cancer properties. This study aimed to enhance the efficacy of EF by synthesizing and characterizing ethyl ferulate gold nanoparticles (EF-AuNps) to passively target TNBC cells via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. We synthesized EF-AuNps using a direct reduction method and characterized the NPs by employing various techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, DLS, XRD, EDX, TEM, and FT-IR. The anti-proliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 cells was assessed using MTT and colony formation assays, alongside evaluating cell viability with PI-FACS and live/dead assays. Furthermore, a Western blot was performed to determine the mechanism of action of EFAuNps in TNBC cells. We successfully synthesized triangular EF-AuNps (<100nm) and observed a substantial inhibition of cell proliferation (IC50 18μg/ml). Compared to EF alone, EF-AuNps significantly enhanced cell death in TNBC cells, as confirmed by flow cytometry and viability assays. Besides, Western blot analysis verified that the expression of apoptotic-related signal proteins, such as survivin, caspase 3, and caspase 9, were modulated by EF-AuNps. EF-AuNps showed higher anti-cancer efficacy than EF in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of EF-AuNps for TNBC treatment, advocating for further preclinical and clinical investigations into this promising anti-cancer formulation.
{"title":"Biogenic Synthesis and Characterization of Ethyl Ferulate Gold Nanoparticle and its Efficacy against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells","authors":"Jyothsna Unnikrishnan, Mangala Hegde, Aviral Kumar, Sosmitha Girisa, Priyadarshi Satpati, A. Kunnumakkara","doi":"10.2174/0124681873280022240130062923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873280022240130062923","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) presents a significant challenge\u0000due to its aggressive nature and lack of responsive hormone receptors, predominantly affecting\u0000younger premenopausal women. Ethyl ferulate (EF), a notable phytochemical, has demonstrated\u0000promising anti-cancer properties. This study aimed to enhance the efficacy of EF by synthesizing\u0000and characterizing ethyl ferulate gold nanoparticles (EF-AuNps) to passively target TNBC cells\u0000via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We synthesized EF-AuNps using a direct reduction method and characterized the NPs\u0000by employing various techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, DLS, XRD, EDX, TEM,\u0000and FT-IR. The anti-proliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 cells was assessed using MTT\u0000and colony formation assays, alongside evaluating cell viability with PI-FACS and live/dead assays.\u0000Furthermore, a Western blot was performed to determine the mechanism of action of EFAuNps\u0000in TNBC cells.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We successfully synthesized triangular EF-AuNps (<100nm) and observed a substantial inhibition\u0000of cell proliferation (IC50 18μg/ml). Compared to EF alone, EF-AuNps significantly enhanced\u0000cell death in TNBC cells, as confirmed by flow cytometry and viability assays. Besides,\u0000Western blot analysis verified that the expression of apoptotic-related signal proteins, such as survivin,\u0000caspase 3, and caspase 9, were modulated by EF-AuNps.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000EF-AuNps showed higher anti-cancer efficacy than EF in the MDA-MB-231 cell\u0000line. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of EF-AuNps for TNBC treatment, advocating\u0000for further preclinical and clinical investigations into this promising anti-cancer formulation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-19DOI: 10.2174/0124681873265152231229042106
U. Patangia, Kalpita Bhatta, Himangi Vig, Dr Sneh Priya, Dr. Ankita Wal, Dr. Lalit Kumar Tyagi, Dr. Pranay Wal
Diabetes neuropathy is a frequent ailment that has a substantial impact on patients by increasing the risk of falls and causing discomfort. The lower extremities are where diabetic neuropathy patients first feel pain. This discomfort could seem like a pinprick, an electric shock, or something else. Here, we give a comprehensive overview of this quickly developing theranostic appli-cation that includes all relevant imaging, diagnostic, therapeutic, and monitoring elements for the management of diabetes and diabetes neuropathy. The data for the current study was gathered by searching PubMed and Google Scholar. Several research and review publications from various publishers, including Springer Nature, Bentham Science, PLOS one, MDPI, and ACS Publishing Centre, were evaluated to compile the data. Recent developments in theranostics have shown promise as alternate management ap-proaches for diabetes and ailments linked to diabetes. Numerous nanotechnology-built biosen-sors, including multiwalled carbon nanotubes, copper nanowires, zinc oxide tetrapods, and nano-particle-embedded contact lenses, offer benefits in monitoring diabetic neuropathy. The potency, usability, and dependability of insulin substitutes have been demon-strated by a variety of innovative methods for the management of diabetes, which includes nano-technology approaches using Gene-Based Nanoparticles (siRNA), Liposomes, Exo-somes/Extracellular Vesicles, Neuromodulation, and Inhalable Nanoparticles. Over the past few years, the development of various theranostic nanoparticles for Diabetic neuropathy has experi-enced an unprecedented expansion. Even though much work needs to be done to precisely evalu-ate the genuine benefits provided by these particles, such as issues with nanotoxicity, theranostic nanoparticles will have a significant impact on the field of nanomedicine.
{"title":"A Systematic Review on the Potential Applications of Theranostic Nanoparticles in Diabetes and its Associated Complication Diabetic Neuropathy","authors":"U. Patangia, Kalpita Bhatta, Himangi Vig, Dr Sneh Priya, Dr. Ankita Wal, Dr. Lalit Kumar Tyagi, Dr. Pranay Wal","doi":"10.2174/0124681873265152231229042106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873265152231229042106","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Diabetes neuropathy is a frequent ailment that has a substantial impact on patients by increasing the risk of falls and causing discomfort. The lower extremities are where diabetic neuropathy patients first feel pain. This discomfort could seem like a pinprick, an electric shock, or something else.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Here, we give a comprehensive overview of this quickly developing theranostic appli-cation that includes all relevant imaging, diagnostic, therapeutic, and monitoring elements for the management of diabetes and diabetes neuropathy.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The data for the current study was gathered by searching PubMed and Google Scholar. Several research and review publications from various publishers, including Springer Nature, Bentham Science, PLOS one, MDPI, and ACS Publishing Centre, were evaluated to compile the data.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Recent developments in theranostics have shown promise as alternate management ap-proaches for diabetes and ailments linked to diabetes. Numerous nanotechnology-built biosen-sors, including multiwalled carbon nanotubes, copper nanowires, zinc oxide tetrapods, and nano-particle-embedded contact lenses, offer benefits in monitoring diabetic neuropathy.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The potency, usability, and dependability of insulin substitutes have been demon-strated by a variety of innovative methods for the management of diabetes, which includes nano-technology approaches using Gene-Based Nanoparticles (siRNA), Liposomes, Exo-somes/Extracellular Vesicles, Neuromodulation, and Inhalable Nanoparticles. Over the past few years, the development of various theranostic nanoparticles for Diabetic neuropathy has experi-enced an unprecedented expansion. Even though much work needs to be done to precisely evalu-ate the genuine benefits provided by these particles, such as issues with nanotoxicity, theranostic nanoparticles will have a significant impact on the field of nanomedicine.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":"51 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139611806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-19DOI: 10.2174/0124681873283310231228125729
Arnab Das, Srijita Chakrabarti
The fields of nanotechnology and nanomedicine have undergone a revolution. There has been a striking rise in authorized nanomedicines since 1980. Apart from functioning as therapeutic agents, they also act as carriers for delivering various active pharmaceuticals to target organs. The ultimate goal of nanomedicine has always been the generation of translational technologies that can improve current therapies. Nanocrystals, nanotubes, liposomes, exosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and metallic and magnetic nanoparticles are examples of nanostructures that are now in the market as well as in ongoing research. The preparation of these nanomaterials requires consideration of a number of difficulties. Only a few of these nano-materials were successful in obtaining marketing permission after passing all required toxicological and ethical evaluations and making them affordable to users and, at the same time, profitable to investors. Cancer, Central nervous system (CNS) diseases, and Cardiovascular (CVS) diseases represented the primary targets of nanotechnology applied to medicine. Therefore, this review article is focused on providing a summary of several nano-based delivery systems, including their limitations and prospects in different therapeutic fields.
{"title":"Nanomedicine as a Better Therapeutic Approach: An Overview","authors":"Arnab Das, Srijita Chakrabarti","doi":"10.2174/0124681873283310231228125729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873283310231228125729","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The fields of nanotechnology and nanomedicine have undergone a revolution. There has been a striking rise in authorized nanomedicines since 1980. Apart from functioning as therapeutic agents, they also act as carriers for delivering various active pharmaceuticals to target organs. The ultimate goal of nanomedicine has always been the generation of translational technologies that can improve current therapies. Nanocrystals, nanotubes, liposomes, exosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and metallic and magnetic nanoparticles are examples of nanostructures that are now in the market as well as in ongoing research. The preparation of these nanomaterials requires consideration of a number of difficulties. Only a few of these nano-materials were successful in obtaining marketing permission after passing all required toxicological and ethical evaluations and making them affordable to users and, at the same time, profitable to investors. Cancer, Central nervous system (CNS) diseases, and Cardiovascular (CVS) diseases represented the primary targets of nanotechnology applied to medicine. Therefore, this review article is focused on providing a summary of several nano-based delivery systems, including their limitations and prospects in different therapeutic fields.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":"44 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139612019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-19DOI: 10.2174/0124681873262019231105201433
A. Chettupalli, Srivani Ajmera, M. Kuchukuntla, Venkatesan Palanivel, Sunand Katta
Most new biologically active chemicals require better water solubility and slower dissolution rates. Cefdinir (CFD) has a very low bioavailability in its crystalline form and is poorly soluble in water. Most new and current biologically active chemicals have poor water solubility and slow dissolution rates. Cefdinir has a very low bioavailability in its crystalline form and is poorly soluble in water. By preparing cefdinir's spanlastic nanovesicles (SNVs) using the ethanol injection method, the current study has attempted to enhance the drug's solubility and bioavailability using a statistical design approach. Independent variables, including the nonionic surfactant concentration, edge activator (EA), sonication time, SNVs entrapment effectiveness, particle size, zeta potential, PDI, and in vitro release, have been evaluated. The best CFD-SNVs have been positioned within in situ gel with mucoadhesive properties made of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and deacetylated gellan gum. By contrasting intranasal injection of the produced gel with an IV solution, animal models have been used to investigate CFD's systemic and cerebral dynamics. Statistical analysis has suggested an ideal SNVs formulation with nonionic surfactant (65 mg), EA (15 mg), and sonication (3 min). The sol-gel temperature for forming the mucoad-hesive in situ gel containing SNVs has been found to be 34.03°C, and 18.36 minutes has been the extended mucociliary transit time. Following intranasal injection, compared to SNV dispersion, the gelling system has exhibited higher brain bioavailability (2251.9 ± 75 vs. 5281.6 ± 51%, re-spectively). The gel has also demonstrated effective drug targeting of the brain with higher direct transport percentage indices. Mucoadhesive in situ gel with CFD-loaded SNVs can be administered via the in-tranasal route. To enhance bioavailability in the brain and drug targeting from the nose to the brain, nasal in situ gel loaded with CFD-SNVs could be a new carrier to be employed in sinusitis.
{"title":"Design Formulation of Nanospanlastic Novel Carriers as a Promising Approach to Enhanced Bioavailability in Intranasal Drug Delivery for Sinusitis: Statistical Optimization and In vitro and In vivo Characterization","authors":"A. Chettupalli, Srivani Ajmera, M. Kuchukuntla, Venkatesan Palanivel, Sunand Katta","doi":"10.2174/0124681873262019231105201433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873262019231105201433","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Most new biologically active chemicals require better water solubility and slower dissolution rates. Cefdinir (CFD) has a very low bioavailability in its crystalline form and is poorly soluble in water.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Most new and current biologically active chemicals have poor water solubility and slow dissolution rates. Cefdinir has a very low bioavailability in its crystalline form and is poorly soluble in water.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000By preparing cefdinir's spanlastic nanovesicles (SNVs) using the ethanol injection method, the current study has attempted to enhance the drug's solubility and bioavailability using a statistical design approach.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Independent variables, including the nonionic surfactant concentration, edge activator (EA), sonication time, SNVs entrapment effectiveness, particle size, zeta potential, PDI, and in vitro release, have been evaluated. The best CFD-SNVs have been positioned within in situ gel with mucoadhesive properties made of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and deacetylated gellan gum. By contrasting intranasal injection of the produced gel with an IV solution, animal models have been used to investigate CFD's systemic and cerebral dynamics.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Statistical analysis has suggested an ideal SNVs formulation with nonionic surfactant (65 mg), EA (15 mg), and sonication (3 min). The sol-gel temperature for forming the mucoad-hesive in situ gel containing SNVs has been found to be 34.03°C, and 18.36 minutes has been the extended mucociliary transit time. Following intranasal injection, compared to SNV dispersion, the gelling system has exhibited higher brain bioavailability (2251.9 ± 75 vs. 5281.6 ± 51%, re-spectively). The gel has also demonstrated effective drug targeting of the brain with higher direct transport percentage indices.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Mucoadhesive in situ gel with CFD-loaded SNVs can be administered via the in-tranasal route. To enhance bioavailability in the brain and drug targeting from the nose to the brain, nasal in situ gel loaded with CFD-SNVs could be a new carrier to be employed in sinusitis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":"4 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139613981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study proposed Dabigatran Etexilate loaded solid supersaturat-ed self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (solid S-SNEDDS) for enhancement of payload, drug solubility, dissolution rate as well as minimization of drug precipitation. The study involved formulation optimization using the Box-Behnken design. The op-timal SNEDDS consisting of Caprylic acid (32.9% w/w), Cremophor EL (50.2% w/w) and Transcutol HP (18.8% w/w) as Oil, Surfactant and Co-surfactant, respectively were formulated and evaluated for particle size, PDI, Zeta potential and saturation solubility. The SNEDDS was further incorporated with PPIs for the preparation of supersaturated SNEDDS (S-SNEDDS) to in-crease the drug payload in the formulation. S-SNEDDS was converted to solid S-SNEDDS by ad-sorption onto the porous carrier i.e., Aerosil®200. The in-vitro drug release study was also con-ducted for solid S-SNEDDS. SNEDDS had size, PDI, and Zeta potential of 82nm, 0.347, -10.50mV, respectively. SNEDDS enhanced the saturation solubility of the drug by 93.65-fold. Among PPIs, HPMC K4M showed the most effective response for the formulation of S-SNEDDS. The S-SNEDDS had a more substantial drug payload, which further increased the solubility by 150 times of pure drugs and 16 times of SNEDDS. Solid S-SNEDDS exhibited free-flowing properties. Reconstituted sol-id S-SNEDDS had acceptable size, PDI, and Zeta potential of 131.3nm, 0.457, and -11.3 mV, re-spectively. In-vitro drug release study revealed higher drug dissolution and minimized drug pre-cipitation by SNEDDS compared to marketed products and pure drugs. Proposed nano-formulation was found to efficiently improve the aqueous solubility of the drug and avoid the drug precipitation, thereby avoiding drug loss and improving drug bioa-vailability.
{"title":"Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Dabigartan Etexilate Encapsulated Solid Supersaturated Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System","authors":"Nithya Shanthi, Heena Mittal, Manish Kumar, Arun Mahato, Brahmeshwar Mishra","doi":"10.2174/0124681873276409231213115328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873276409231213115328","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The present study proposed Dabigatran Etexilate loaded solid supersaturat-ed self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (solid S-SNEDDS) for enhancement of payload, drug solubility, dissolution rate as well as minimization of drug precipitation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study involved formulation optimization using the Box-Behnken design. The op-timal SNEDDS consisting of Caprylic acid (32.9% w/w), Cremophor EL (50.2% w/w) and Transcutol HP (18.8% w/w) as Oil, Surfactant and Co-surfactant, respectively were formulated and evaluated for particle size, PDI, Zeta potential and saturation solubility. The SNEDDS was further incorporated with PPIs for the preparation of supersaturated SNEDDS (S-SNEDDS) to in-crease the drug payload in the formulation. S-SNEDDS was converted to solid S-SNEDDS by ad-sorption onto the porous carrier i.e., Aerosil®200. The in-vitro drug release study was also con-ducted for solid S-SNEDDS.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000SNEDDS had size, PDI, and Zeta potential of 82nm, 0.347, -10.50mV, respectively. SNEDDS enhanced the saturation solubility of the drug by 93.65-fold. Among PPIs, HPMC K4M showed the most effective response for the formulation of S-SNEDDS. The S-SNEDDS had a more substantial drug payload, which further increased the solubility by 150 times of pure drugs and 16 times of SNEDDS. Solid S-SNEDDS exhibited free-flowing properties. Reconstituted sol-id S-SNEDDS had acceptable size, PDI, and Zeta potential of 131.3nm, 0.457, and -11.3 mV, re-spectively. In-vitro drug release study revealed higher drug dissolution and minimized drug pre-cipitation by SNEDDS compared to marketed products and pure drugs.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Proposed nano-formulation was found to efficiently improve the aqueous solubility of the drug and avoid the drug precipitation, thereby avoiding drug loss and improving drug bioa-vailability.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":"80 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140503379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-19DOI: 10.2174/0124681873280769231217084737
Devesh U. Kapoor, Rajiv R Kukkar, Mansi Gaur, Bhupendra G. Prajapati, R. Malviya
The application of Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) in optimizing nanoemulsion (NEM) shows immense potential in advancing pharmaceutical formulation design for effective drug delivery. By aligning QTPP with nanoemulsion attributes, this approach offers a pathway to tailored formulations that meet specific therapeutic objectives and responses. Incorporating QTPP facilitates informed choices in formulating design, covering pivotal factors like stability, drug re-lease kinetics, bioavailability, and precise targeting. Moreover, this review extensively explores the real-world application of QTPP-guided tactics in refining nanoemulsion optimization. It high-lights their pivotal role in anticipating and regulating in vivo responses, encompassing vital as-pects like pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. By conducting thorough examinations of case studies and research outcomes, this article clarifies the effectiveness of aligning QTPP crite-ria with NEM characteristics. This approach fosters the creation of customized formulations pre-cisely suited to achieve distinct therapeutic objectives. This review amalgamates contemporary insights into harnessing QTPP for nanoemulsion optimization, illuminating its capacity to stream-line formulation design, amplify treatment effectiveness by desiring drug release, and catalyze transformative shifts in pharmaceutical research.
{"title":"The Potential of Quality Target Product Profile in the Optimization of Nanoemulsions","authors":"Devesh U. Kapoor, Rajiv R Kukkar, Mansi Gaur, Bhupendra G. Prajapati, R. Malviya","doi":"10.2174/0124681873280769231217084737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873280769231217084737","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The application of Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) in optimizing nanoemulsion (NEM) shows immense potential in advancing pharmaceutical formulation design for effective drug delivery. By aligning QTPP with nanoemulsion attributes, this approach offers a pathway to tailored formulations that meet specific therapeutic objectives and responses. Incorporating QTPP facilitates informed choices in formulating design, covering pivotal factors like stability, drug re-lease kinetics, bioavailability, and precise targeting. Moreover, this review extensively explores the real-world application of QTPP-guided tactics in refining nanoemulsion optimization. It high-lights their pivotal role in anticipating and regulating in vivo responses, encompassing vital as-pects like pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. By conducting thorough examinations of case studies and research outcomes, this article clarifies the effectiveness of aligning QTPP crite-ria with NEM characteristics. This approach fosters the creation of customized formulations pre-cisely suited to achieve distinct therapeutic objectives. This review amalgamates contemporary insights into harnessing QTPP for nanoemulsion optimization, illuminating its capacity to stream-line formulation design, amplify treatment effectiveness by desiring drug release, and catalyze transformative shifts in pharmaceutical research.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":"68 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139613377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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