Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.2174/2468187312666220915150636
S. Gaikwad, Sahil Jadhav, K. Salunkhe
The current review focuses on ophthalmic nanogels, their applications, their benefits over traditional gels, and the challenges and opportunities of nanogels. The major goal is to investigate ophthalmic nanogels from preparation through characterization and how nanogels are the future of the ophthalmic drug delivery system compared to traditional gels, eye drops, and ointments. Because of the ophthalmic bioavailability, delivery to the eye is crucial. The lacrimal fluid in the eye clears the eye surface, and the ocular sight is washed away as a result of this medicine. The limited ocular bioavailability was also due to the different obstacles present. Drug nano-gelling systems are effective in improving ocular bioavailability and corneal permeation time. Nanoparticles abound in these nanogels. Various natural polymers, such as Chitosan and Alginate, and synthetic polymers, such as PLA and PLGA, can be used to make nanogels. The use of nanotechnology improves medicine bioavailability and penetration in the eye. However, nanotechnology has some limits, such as large-scale manufacturing, restricting medicine d Nanotechnology offers much clinical potential when it comes to treating eye issues. Although ophthalmic nanogels are suited for effective drug delivery, they must meet several requirements. First, the drug component must be encapsulated adequately in a stable polymer complex. In ocular drug delivery, nanogels are a preferable option since they can improve patient compliance and therapeutic impact. In addition, the nanogel has a faster corneal penetration time and higher bioavailability
{"title":"Nanogel development and its importance in ophthalmic drug delivery system","authors":"S. Gaikwad, Sahil Jadhav, K. Salunkhe","doi":"10.2174/2468187312666220915150636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666220915150636","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The current review focuses on ophthalmic nanogels, their applications,\u0000their benefits over traditional gels, and the challenges and opportunities of nanogels. The major goal\u0000is to investigate ophthalmic nanogels from preparation through characterization and how nanogels\u0000are the future of the ophthalmic drug delivery system compared to traditional gels, eye drops, and\u0000ointments.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Because of the ophthalmic bioavailability, delivery to the eye is crucial. The lacrimal fluid in the eye clears the eye surface, and the ocular sight is washed away as a result of this medicine.\u0000The limited ocular bioavailability was also due to the different obstacles present. Drug nano-gelling\u0000systems are effective in improving ocular bioavailability and corneal permeation time. Nanoparticles abound in these nanogels. Various natural polymers, such as Chitosan and Alginate, and synthetic polymers, such as PLA and PLGA, can be used to make nanogels. The use of nanotechnology\u0000improves medicine bioavailability and penetration in the eye. However, nanotechnology has some\u0000limits, such as large-scale manufacturing, restricting medicine d\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Nanotechnology offers much clinical potential when it comes to treating eye issues.\u0000Although ophthalmic nanogels are suited for effective drug delivery, they must meet several requirements. First, the drug component must be encapsulated adequately in a stable polymer complex. In ocular drug delivery, nanogels are a preferable option since they can improve patient compliance and therapeutic impact. In addition, the nanogel has a faster corneal penetration time and\u0000higher bioavailability\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43187640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-08DOI: 10.2174/2468187312666220908094042
Prasun Patra, Debayan Banik
Cancer is a group of disease where the body cells continuously grow without proper cell division thereby, causing tumours and leading to metastasis. Among many types of cancer, liver cancer remains a common and leading cause of human death. Plants have always been a great source of medicine and pharmacotherapy. Phytochemicals are plant produced metabolites and phenolic phytochemicals are a subclass of it. Phenolic phytochemicals like curcumin, gallic acid and EGCG are secondary plant metabolites. They have been found to be effective and can improve the cell signalling pathways that govern cancer cell proliferations, inflammations, nearby invasions, and apoptosis. These phenolic phytochemicals greatly induce cell apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell growth. In this review article, we discuss how to improve the mentioned phytochemical's potency against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One of the best approaches to improve the efficacy of these natural phytochemicals is to prepare nano formulations of these phytochemicals. Nano formulations impressively increase bioavailability, stability, absorption in the body and increased efficiency of these phytochemicals. The diverse character of many nanoparticles (NP) discussed in this article enables these systems to exhibit strong anticancer activity, emphasising combined therapy's benefits and necessity to combat cancer. In addition, nano formulations of these phenolic phytochemicals remarkably show a high apoptosis rate against HepG2 cells (HCC).
{"title":"Possibility of liver cancer treatment by nanoformulation of phenolic phytochemicals.","authors":"Prasun Patra, Debayan Banik","doi":"10.2174/2468187312666220908094042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666220908094042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Cancer is a group of disease where the body cells continuously grow without proper cell division thereby, causing tumours and leading to metastasis. Among many types of cancer, liver cancer remains a common and leading cause of human death. Plants have always been a great source of medicine and pharmacotherapy. Phytochemicals are plant produced metabolites and phenolic phytochemicals are a subclass of it. Phenolic phytochemicals like curcumin, gallic acid and EGCG are secondary plant metabolites. They have been found to be effective and can improve the cell signalling pathways that govern cancer cell proliferations, inflammations, nearby invasions, and apoptosis. These phenolic phytochemicals greatly induce cell apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell growth. In this review article, we discuss how to improve the mentioned phytochemical's potency against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One of the best approaches to improve the efficacy of these natural phytochemicals is to prepare nano formulations of these phytochemicals. Nano formulations impressively increase bioavailability, stability, absorption in the body and increased efficiency of these phytochemicals. The diverse character of many nanoparticles (NP) discussed in this article enables these systems to exhibit strong anticancer activity, emphasising combined therapy's benefits and necessity to combat cancer. In addition, nano formulations of these phenolic phytochemicals remarkably show a high apoptosis rate against HepG2 cells (HCC).\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42674047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-20DOI: 10.2174/2468187312666220820161123
Shanta Mahajan, Kirandeep Kaur, N. Saini, T. Chaudhary, Lovedeep Nim, Neena Bedi
The aim of the present investigation entails the development and evaluation of topical nanoemulgel formulation of tazarotene for effective treatment of excision wounds Tazarotene (TZR) is a retinoid derivative marketed for the treatment of acne and psoriasis and the recent investigations indicate its excellent wound healing potential. Despite having magnificent wound healing potential, it suffers from pharmacokinetic limitations of low aqueous solubility and local bioavailability. Conventional marketed formulations of TZR have been reported to cause significant skin irritation and redness after its topical application. Keeping this in view, present investigation was designed to develop nanoemulsion based gel with intention to resolve the above mentioned pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issues. The goal of the study was to develop a stable and effective tazarotene-loaded nanoemulgel for treating excision wounds which can also overcome the issues associated with the native drug. Various oils, surfactants and co-surfactants were selected on the basis of their solubilisation potential for tazarotene. Pseudoternary phase plots were constructed to obtain stable nanoemulsion region for various proportions of oil, surfactant: co-surfactant (Smix) and water and determine optimized concentration ranges for robust formulation of tazarotene. Various characterization parameters were studied to investigate the optimized formulation having desired attributes of nanoemulsion. Reducing power assay and phamacodymanic studies were conducted to determine the wound healing potential of developed nanoemulgel. TZR loaded nanoemulsion was successfully developed with nano-sized globules using tea tree oil with Tween 20 as surfactant and PEG 400 as co-surfactant. Prepared nanoemulsions were thermodynamically stable and were further gellified using Carbopol 940 as biodegradable gelling polymer. Prepared gels showed good spreadability, drug permeation and stability. In vivo investigations demonstrated that optimized formulation successfully masked the irritant nature of tazarotene. Moreover, the pharmacodynamic evaluation of developed nanoemulsion gel revealed its significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory properties in addition to its markable wound contraction as compared to control. The results demonstrated potential of developed nanoemulgel over marketed formulation to overcome the drawbacks like redness and erythema. It also showed significant healing efficacy over other
{"title":"Development and Evaluation of Topical Nanoemulgel Formulation of Tazarotene for Effective Treatment of Excision Wounds","authors":"Shanta Mahajan, Kirandeep Kaur, N. Saini, T. Chaudhary, Lovedeep Nim, Neena Bedi","doi":"10.2174/2468187312666220820161123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666220820161123","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The aim of the present investigation entails the development and evaluation of topical nanoemulgel formulation of tazarotene for effective treatment of excision wounds\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Tazarotene (TZR) is a retinoid derivative marketed for the treatment of acne and psoriasis and the recent investigations indicate its excellent wound healing potential. Despite having magnificent wound healing potential, it suffers from pharmacokinetic limitations of low aqueous solubility and local bioavailability. Conventional marketed formulations of TZR have been reported to cause significant skin irritation and redness after its topical application. Keeping this in view, present investigation was designed to develop nanoemulsion based gel with intention to resolve the above mentioned pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issues.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The goal of the study was to develop a stable and effective tazarotene-loaded nanoemulgel for treating excision wounds which can also overcome the issues associated with the native drug.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Various oils, surfactants and co-surfactants were selected on the basis of their solubilisation potential for tazarotene. Pseudoternary phase plots were constructed to obtain stable nanoemulsion region for various proportions of oil, surfactant: co-surfactant (Smix) and water and determine optimized concentration ranges for robust formulation of tazarotene. Various characterization parameters were studied to investigate the optimized formulation having desired attributes of nanoemulsion. Reducing power assay and phamacodymanic studies were conducted to determine the wound healing potential of developed nanoemulgel.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000TZR loaded nanoemulsion was successfully developed with nano-sized globules using tea tree oil with Tween 20 as surfactant and PEG 400 as co-surfactant. Prepared nanoemulsions were thermodynamically stable and were further gellified using Carbopol 940 as biodegradable gelling polymer. Prepared gels showed good spreadability, drug permeation and stability. In vivo investigations demonstrated that optimized formulation successfully masked the irritant nature of tazarotene. Moreover, the pharmacodynamic evaluation of developed nanoemulsion gel revealed its significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory properties in addition to its markable wound contraction as compared to control.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results demonstrated potential of developed nanoemulgel over marketed formulation to overcome the drawbacks like redness and erythema. It also showed significant healing efficacy over other\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45659268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-06DOI: 10.2174/2468187312666220806133901
R. Agarwal, Dhwani Rana, Sagar Salave, Derajram Benival
Dexamethasone is currently available as suspension for the treatment of anterior ocular inflammatory diseases that are given through eye drops. Upon topical delivery by eye-drops, less than 5% of the drug gets absorbed when applied topically as eye drops. The major portion of administered drug either comes out from the eye or gets subjected to nasolacrimal drainage resulting in poor bioavailability. The present study is aimed at developing polymeric ocular insert containing dexamethasone as a drug by employing the use of electrospinning technique. Dexamethasone (0.1% w/v) loaded electrospun sheet was also made using 10% w/v EC: HPMC: PEO (60:20:20) in solvent system of ethanol: water (90:10) at optimized electrospinning parameters of 12kV with a flow rate of 0.8mL/hr and distance of 20 cm between tip and collector. The prepared nanocomposite insert was characterized for DSC and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy revealing no physical-chemical interaction between drug with polymers. The thickness of the electrospun sheet was found to be 270±0.02 μm and % drug content was found to be 0.43±0.01% w/w. The release profile showed that around 95% drug was released in 48 hrs. This release profile showed the prepared drug-loaded electrospun ocular insert was best suitable for once-a-day delivery. Assessment of mechanical properties like young’s modulus, tensile strength, and % elongation showed that the prepared insert can be handled easily without any breakage or damage. Upon delivery in conjunctival sac, this is best suitable for once-a-day delivery. The developed electrospun insert, consisting of a unique polymer composite of biodegradable polymers, avails the benefits of nanofibers imparting prolonged release and this novel formulation overcomes the limitations of conventional therapies. This reduces the dosing frequency and improves patient compliance.
{"title":"Dexamethasone Loaded Electrospun Nanocomposite Ocular Insert: In-vitro Drug Release and Mechanical Assessment","authors":"R. Agarwal, Dhwani Rana, Sagar Salave, Derajram Benival","doi":"10.2174/2468187312666220806133901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666220806133901","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Dexamethasone is currently available as suspension for the treatment of anterior ocular inflammatory diseases that are given through eye drops. Upon topical delivery by eye-drops, less than 5% of the drug gets absorbed when applied topically as eye drops. The major portion of administered drug either comes out from the eye or gets subjected to nasolacrimal drainage resulting in poor bioavailability.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study is aimed at developing polymeric ocular insert containing dexamethasone as a drug by employing the use of electrospinning technique.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Dexamethasone (0.1% w/v) loaded electrospun sheet was also made using 10% w/v EC: HPMC: PEO (60:20:20) in solvent system of ethanol: water (90:10) at optimized electrospinning parameters of 12kV with a flow rate of 0.8mL/hr and distance of 20 cm between tip and collector.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The prepared nanocomposite insert was characterized for DSC and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy revealing no physical-chemical interaction between drug with polymers. The thickness of the electrospun sheet was found to be 270±0.02 μm and % drug content was found to be 0.43±0.01% w/w. The release profile showed that around 95% drug was released in 48 hrs. This release profile showed the prepared drug-loaded electrospun ocular insert was best suitable for once-a-day delivery. Assessment of mechanical properties like young’s modulus, tensile strength, and % elongation showed that the prepared insert can be handled easily without any breakage or damage.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Upon delivery in conjunctival sac, this is best suitable for once-a-day delivery. The developed electrospun insert, consisting of a unique polymer composite of biodegradable polymers, avails the benefits of nanofibers imparting prolonged release and this novel formulation overcomes the limitations of conventional therapies. This reduces the dosing frequency and improves patient compliance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41773115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-29DOI: 10.2174/2468187312666220729160759
Dilpreet K Singh, B. Kurmi, GS Sarma, Sankha Bhattacharya, Sanjay A. Nagdev
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women worldwide. The extremely rapid rate of metastasis and the propensity to develop resistance to all non-traditional treatments make them equally difficult to treat, which are the causes of increased morbidity and death in breast melanoma patients. Experts all around the world have been focusing on the first detection of a breast lump so that action can be taken at the earliest possible time. Furthermore, traditional treatment procedures such as chemotherapy, radiation, and local surgical treatment suffer from a slew of drawbacks, including toxicity, normal cell genetic modification, and cancer cell spread to healthy tissues. As a result, new therapy regimens with little toxicity to normal cells must be developed very away. Iron oxide nanoparticles are still widely utilized for heat targeting and imaging of breast development cells. Using an external magnetic field, they can be coupled with medicines, proteins, enzymes, antibodies, or nucleotides and delivered to target organs, tissues, or malignancies. Both in vitro and in vivo, iron oxide nanoparticles have been found to be effective as theranostics treating breast cancer. Furthermore, their interactions with pharmaceuticals or functional biomolecules improve drug delivery efficiency and reduce drug systemic toxicity. The multipurpose presentations of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on the analysis, behavior, and perceiving development of breast disease remedy are emphasized in this assessment. Because of their remarkable superparamagnetic, biocompatible, and biodegradable qualities, they are widely used.
{"title":"Iron oxide nano particles and its applications to cure HER2-positive mediated breast cancer","authors":"Dilpreet K Singh, B. Kurmi, GS Sarma, Sankha Bhattacharya, Sanjay A. Nagdev","doi":"10.2174/2468187312666220729160759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666220729160759","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women worldwide. The extremely rapid rate of metastasis and the propensity to develop resistance to all non-traditional treatments make them equally difficult to treat, which are the causes of increased morbidity and death in breast melanoma patients. Experts all around the world have been focusing on the first detection of a breast lump so that action can be taken at the earliest possible time. Furthermore, traditional treatment procedures such as chemotherapy, radiation, and local surgical treatment suffer from a slew of drawbacks, including toxicity, normal cell genetic modification, and cancer cell spread to healthy tissues. As a result, new therapy regimens with little toxicity to normal cells must be developed very away.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Iron oxide nanoparticles are still widely utilized for heat targeting and imaging of breast development cells. Using an external magnetic field, they can be coupled with medicines, proteins, enzymes, antibodies, or nucleotides and delivered to target organs, tissues, or malignancies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Both in vitro and in vivo, iron oxide nanoparticles have been found to be effective as theranostics treating breast cancer. Furthermore, their interactions with pharmaceuticals or functional biomolecules improve drug delivery efficiency and reduce drug systemic toxicity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The multipurpose presentations of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on the analysis, behavior, and perceiving development of breast disease remedy are emphasized in this assessment. Because of their remarkable superparamagnetic, biocompatible, and biodegradable qualities, they are widely used.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46993356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.2174/246818731202221019161211
A. Al Moustafa
{"title":"Meet the Editorial Board Member","authors":"A. Al Moustafa","doi":"10.2174/246818731202221019161211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/246818731202221019161211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47097239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.2174/2468187312666220630152606
S. Gaikwad, Nisarga V. Akalade, K. Salunkhe
Nanogels are hydrophilic polymer networks that range in size from 20 to 200 nanometers. Polymer is used to make nanogels, which can come from natural or manufactured sources. Nanogels can deliver peptides, antigens, carbohydrates, oligonucleotides, proteins, and genes, among other things. These nanogels also provide inorganic materials such as silver nanoparticles and quantum dots. Both solid and liquid nanogels have the same properties. These nanogels penetrate the stratum corneum more effectively than conventional gels. Dermatology and cosmetology have both experimented with nanoscale technology. The medication can penetrate the stratum corneum through a variety of routes. One of the ways lipids can infiltrate the skin membrane is through the transcellular route. Cream, gel, ointment, lotion, thin-film, and foams are among the topical preparations used. Nanogels are categorised into two types: those that respond to stimuli and those that cross-link. For the manufacture of nanogels, numerous polymers of synthetic, natural, or semisynthetic origin are commonly employed. Nanoprecipitation, emulsion polymerization, and dispersion polymerization are all ways for making these nanogels. These nanogels are rarely released by diffusion mechanism by Fick’s law. The nano gel is a new advanced technology that allows us to improve drug molecule penetration in the stratum corneum. If poorly soluble and permeable medications are administered through this nanogel technology, their solubility and permeability will be improved.
{"title":"Nanogel development and its application in transdermal drug delivery system","authors":"S. Gaikwad, Nisarga V. Akalade, K. Salunkhe","doi":"10.2174/2468187312666220630152606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666220630152606","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Nanogels are hydrophilic polymer networks that range in size from 20 to 200 nanometers. Polymer is used to make nanogels, which can come from natural or manufactured sources. Nanogels can deliver peptides, antigens, carbohydrates, oligonucleotides, proteins, and genes, among other things. These nanogels also provide inorganic materials such as silver nanoparticles and quantum dots. Both solid and liquid nanogels have the same properties. These nanogels penetrate the stratum corneum more effectively than conventional gels. Dermatology and cosmetology have both experimented with nanoscale technology.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The medication can penetrate the stratum corneum through a variety of routes. One of the ways lipids can infiltrate the skin membrane is through the transcellular route. Cream, gel, ointment, lotion, thin-film, and foams are among the topical preparations used. Nanogels are categorised into two types: those that respond to stimuli and those that cross-link. For the manufacture of nanogels, numerous polymers of synthetic, natural, or semisynthetic origin are commonly employed. Nanoprecipitation, emulsion polymerization, and dispersion polymerization are all ways for making these nanogels. These nanogels are rarely released by diffusion mechanism by Fick’s law.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The nano gel is a new advanced technology that allows us to improve drug molecule penetration in the stratum corneum. If poorly soluble and permeable medications are administered through this nanogel technology, their solubility and permeability will be improved.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46131611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pickering Emulsion therapy is a novel approach to treating various human diseases, including cancer. Traditional cancer treatment modalities, such as surgery, radiation, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, have only achieved a minimal level of success. The use of Pickering emulsion in cancer therapeutics has given cancer patients new hope. Pickering Emulsions have grown in popularity over the last 15 years, owing to their highly desirable properties, which are similar to those of ordinary emulsions, namely their excellent stability. This review focused on the benefits, drawbacks, characterization parameters (droplet size and stability, for example), opportunities, and different development procedures of Pickering Emulsion for cancer diseases. This review also addressed recent developments in Pickering Emulsions' technological issues. It looked at the advantages and disadvantages of using such formulations for topical pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications instead of traditional surfactant-based methods. Pickering Emulsion's evolution as a multifunctional dosage form carrier reflects renewed optimism of the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
{"title":"Pickering emulsions: a potential strategy to limiting cancer development","authors":"Sushilkumar Singh, Aseem Setia, Shambhavi Singh, Yudhishthir Singh, D. Joshi, Sankha Bhattacharya","doi":"10.2174/2468187312666220526102023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666220526102023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Pickering Emulsion therapy is a novel approach to treating various human diseases, including cancer. Traditional cancer treatment modalities, such as surgery, radiation, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, have only achieved a minimal level of success. The use of Pickering emulsion in cancer therapeutics has given cancer patients new hope. Pickering Emulsions have grown in popularity over the last 15 years, owing to their highly desirable properties, which are similar to those of ordinary emulsions, namely their excellent stability. This review focused on the benefits, drawbacks, characterization parameters (droplet size and stability, for example), opportunities, and different development procedures of Pickering Emulsion for cancer diseases. This review also addressed recent developments in Pickering Emulsions' technological issues. It looked at the advantages and disadvantages of using such formulations for topical pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications instead of traditional surfactant-based methods. Pickering Emulsion's evolution as a multifunctional dosage form carrier reflects renewed optimism of the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44538387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.2174/2468187312666220516144008
Vajagathali M, Iyshwarya B.K, R. V
The effectiveness, cell viability, and selective delivery of medications and diagnostic substances to target organs, tissues, and organs are typical concerns in the care and prognosis of numerous illnesses. Neurological diseases pose complex challenges, as cerebral targeting represents a yet unresolved challenge in pharmacotherapy, owing to the blood-brain boundary, a densely compacted membrane of endothelial cells that prohibits undesired chemicals from reaching the brain. Engineered nanoparticles, components with aspects of 1–100 nm, deliver intriguing biomedicine techniques possibly allowed to fix these issues, including the ability to pass the blood-brain barrier. Nanoparticles have been substantially explored in the previous century, contributing to substantial progress in biomedical studies and medical procedures. Furthermore, the use of many synthesized nanoparticles on the molecular levels has given many potential gains in various domains of regenerative medicine, such as illness detection, cascaded cell treatment, tissue regeneration, medication, and gene editing.The recent milestone in nanotechnology is to attempt to cure various neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders. This review will encapsulate the novel developments of nanostructured components used in neurological diseases with an underline on the most recent discoveries and forecasts for the future of varied biological nanoparticles for tissue repair, drug inventions, and the synthesizing of the delivery mechanism.Based on the information obtained from the literature, it is concluded that nanotechnology has been considered the novel therapeutic strategy to protect and regenerate the neurons in various diseases.
{"title":"Nanomedicine in neuroscience: An application towards the treatment of various neurological diseases","authors":"Vajagathali M, Iyshwarya B.K, R. V","doi":"10.2174/2468187312666220516144008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666220516144008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The effectiveness, cell viability, and selective delivery of medications and diagnostic substances to target organs, tissues, and organs are typical concerns in the care and prognosis of numerous illnesses. Neurological diseases pose complex challenges, as cerebral targeting represents a yet unresolved challenge in pharmacotherapy, owing to the blood-brain boundary, a densely compacted membrane of endothelial cells that prohibits undesired chemicals from reaching the brain. Engineered nanoparticles, components with aspects of 1–100 nm, deliver intriguing biomedicine techniques possibly allowed to fix these issues, including the ability to pass the blood-brain barrier. Nanoparticles have been substantially explored in the previous century, contributing to substantial progress in biomedical studies and medical procedures. Furthermore, the use of many synthesized nanoparticles on the molecular levels has given many potential gains in various domains of regenerative medicine, such as illness detection, cascaded cell treatment, tissue regeneration, medication, and gene editing.The recent milestone in nanotechnology is to attempt to cure various neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders. This review will encapsulate the novel developments of nanostructured components used in neurological diseases with an underline on the most recent discoveries and forecasts for the future of varied biological nanoparticles for tissue repair, drug inventions, and the synthesizing of the delivery mechanism.Based on the information obtained from the literature, it is concluded that nanotechnology has been considered the novel therapeutic strategy to protect and regenerate the neurons in various diseases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43509668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.2174/2468187312666220513113117
A. Shailaja, Uzma Afreen
Naproxen sodium is a Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis to relieve pain and inflammation. It is mainly act by inhibiting COX1 and COX2 receptors. By inhibiting COX1 receptor it causes severe gastric bleeding and peptic ulcer and by inhibiting COX2 receptor it causes cardiovascular side effects.In order to avoid the adverse effects of naproxen there is need to develop novel drug delivery system. So that invasomes because of its vesicular structure they are capable of penetrating more into the systemic circulation and they will be acting locally as well as systemically. In this study attempts have been made to prepare and characterize Naproxen sodium loaded invasomes. Naproxen sodium loaded invasomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique by using soya lecithin as lipid, span60 as surfactant, limonene as terpene and methanol, ethanol and chloroform as organic solvents. Total twelve formulations (INV1-INV12) of invasomes were prepared, in which four formulations were prepared by varying drug to surfactant ratio and eight formulations were prepared by varying drug to lipid ratio. All the formulations were evaluated for drug content, entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential and invitro drug release. Among the twelve formulations of invasomestheINV2 formulation (1:1) ratio containing 40mg drug and 40mg surfactant (span60) was found to be the best formulation with drug content of 96.62%, entrapment efficiency of 90.9%, zeta potential of -68.5mV, mean particle diameter of 572.4 nm and invitro drug release of 91.6% in a time period of 12 hrs and followed the zero order kinetics with non fickian diffusion mechanism. In this present study naproxen sodium loaded invasomes were successfully prepared and evaluated.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Naproxen Sodium Loaded Invasomes for Topical Delivery","authors":"A. Shailaja, Uzma Afreen","doi":"10.2174/2468187312666220513113117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666220513113117","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Naproxen sodium is a Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis to relieve pain and inflammation. It is mainly act by inhibiting COX1 and COX2 receptors. By inhibiting COX1 receptor it causes severe gastric bleeding and peptic ulcer and by inhibiting COX2 receptor it causes cardiovascular side effects.In order to avoid the adverse effects of naproxen there is need to develop novel drug delivery system. So that invasomes because of its vesicular structure they are capable of penetrating more into the systemic circulation and they will be acting locally as well as systemically.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this study attempts have been made to prepare and characterize Naproxen sodium loaded invasomes. Naproxen sodium loaded invasomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique by using soya lecithin as lipid, span60 as surfactant, limonene as terpene and methanol, ethanol and chloroform as organic solvents. Total twelve formulations (INV1-INV12) of invasomes were prepared, in which four formulations were prepared by varying drug to surfactant ratio and eight formulations were prepared by varying drug to lipid ratio.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000All the formulations were evaluated for drug content, entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential and invitro drug release. Among the twelve formulations of invasomestheINV2 formulation (1:1) ratio containing 40mg drug and 40mg surfactant (span60) was found to be the best formulation with drug content of 96.62%, entrapment efficiency of 90.9%, zeta potential of -68.5mV, mean particle diameter of 572.4 nm and invitro drug release of 91.6% in a time period of 12 hrs and followed the zero order kinetics with non fickian diffusion mechanism.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this present study naproxen sodium loaded invasomes were successfully prepared and evaluated.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44218563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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