Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.2174/2468187312666220509213555
Watson Beck Jr., L. C. Varanda, Simone J. S. Lopes, Daniel A. Moraes, Natalia M. Santos, Maria Eduarda S. D. Lino
A micellar approach uses to synthesize ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIONs) with an average diameter of 3.4±0.5 nm, suitable for applications as dual-mode T1-T2 contrast agents. Micelles with 3.8 nm, measured by dynamic light scattering, were obtained by self-organizing the surfactant iron(III) dodecyl sulfate (IDS) in 1-octanol. IDS was prepared by replacing Na+ cation in sodium dodecyl sulfate molecule, and its critical micelle concentration (CMC) was measured by electrical conductivity. The USPIONs were synthesized in a biphasic system: IDS in octanol (55% above the CMC) and water containing NaBH4. A yellow precipitate is immediately formed at the water/alcohol interface, rapidly changes to a black one, and transfers to the aqueous phase. The magnetite phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The magnetic behavior shows a major paramagnetic character with a weak ferromagnetic component at 5 K, the latter attributed to the interparticle couplings below its blocking temperature (TB = 35 K). The particles were coated with carboxymethyl dextran, showing an isoelectric point of 2.7 with electrokinetic potential around -30 mV in the physiological pH range. Magnetic relaxation measurements showed relaxivity values r1 = 0.17 mM-1 s-1 and r2 = 1.73 mM-1 s-1 (r2/r1 = 10) in a 3T field. These values infer that the ultrasmall size affects the interactions with the protons of the nearby water molecules. The r2 value decreases because the core magnetization decreases with size; r1 intensify due to the high surface. The results show a system with high colloidal stability, non-cytotoxic, and potential application as T1-T2 dual-mode contrast agents.
{"title":"Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Micellar Approach as a Potential Dual-Mode T1-T2 Contrast Agent","authors":"Watson Beck Jr., L. C. Varanda, Simone J. S. Lopes, Daniel A. Moraes, Natalia M. Santos, Maria Eduarda S. D. Lino","doi":"10.2174/2468187312666220509213555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666220509213555","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000A micellar approach uses to synthesize ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIONs) with an average diameter of 3.4±0.5 nm, suitable for applications as dual-mode T1-T2 contrast agents.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Micelles with 3.8 nm, measured by dynamic light scattering, were obtained by self-organizing the surfactant iron(III) dodecyl sulfate (IDS) in 1-octanol. IDS was prepared by replacing Na+ cation in sodium dodecyl sulfate molecule, and its critical micelle concentration (CMC) was measured by electrical conductivity. The USPIONs were synthesized in a biphasic system: IDS in octanol (55% above the CMC) and water containing NaBH4.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A yellow precipitate is immediately formed at the water/alcohol interface, rapidly changes to a black one, and transfers to the aqueous phase. The magnetite phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The magnetic behavior shows a major paramagnetic character with a weak ferromagnetic component at 5 K, the latter attributed to the interparticle couplings below its blocking temperature (TB = 35 K). The particles were coated with carboxymethyl dextran, showing an isoelectric point of 2.7 with electrokinetic potential around -30 mV in the physiological pH range. Magnetic relaxation measurements showed relaxivity values r1 = 0.17 mM-1 s-1 and r2 = 1.73 mM-1 s-1 (r2/r1 = 10) in a 3T field. These values infer that the ultrasmall size affects the interactions with the protons of the nearby water molecules. The r2 value decreases because the core magnetization decreases with size; r1 intensify due to the high surface.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results show a system with high colloidal stability, non-cytotoxic, and potential application as T1-T2 dual-mode contrast agents.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45839421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-08DOI: 10.2174/2468187312666220408114236
R. M. Tripathi, R. Pudake, B. Shrivastav, A. Shrivastav
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been widely investigated for the development of next-generation nano-antibiotics against broad range of microorganisms including multi-drug resistance. The morphology of nanomaterials plays important role in antibacterial activity. The research goal is focused on development of low-cost antibacterial agent. The biosynthesis method was used to make ZnO nanoflowers. The antibacterial activity of these biogenic ZnO nanoflowers was analyzed by three methods: growth curve, well diffusion, and colony forming unit counts (CFU) assays. The assay methods used in this study confirmed the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoflowers. The growth curve shows 0.5 mg/mL concentration of ZnO nanoflowers act as an effective bactericide as no significant optical absorption and virtually bacterial growth observed. The inhibition zone was found 25 mm at 70 µg of ZnO nanoflowers. The unique, simplistic, environmental-friendly, and cost-effective biosynthesis method was established for the ZnO nanoflowers using biomass of Bacillus licheniformis. The resulted ZnO nanoflowers show excellent antibacterial activity which could be used an alternative of antibiotics in therapeutic processes.
{"title":"Biogenic ZnO nanoflowers: As an alternative antibacterial nanomedicine","authors":"R. M. Tripathi, R. Pudake, B. Shrivastav, A. Shrivastav","doi":"10.2174/2468187312666220408114236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666220408114236","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been widely investigated for the development of next-generation nano-antibiotics against broad range of microorganisms including multi-drug resistance. The morphology of nanomaterials plays important role in antibacterial activity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The research goal is focused on development of low-cost antibacterial agent.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The biosynthesis method was used to make ZnO nanoflowers. The antibacterial activity of these biogenic ZnO nanoflowers was analyzed by three methods: growth curve, well diffusion, and colony forming unit counts (CFU) assays.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The assay methods used in this study confirmed the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoflowers. The growth curve shows 0.5 mg/mL concentration of ZnO nanoflowers act as an effective bactericide as no significant optical absorption and virtually bacterial growth observed. The inhibition zone was found 25 mm at 70 µg of ZnO nanoflowers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The unique, simplistic, environmental-friendly, and cost-effective biosynthesis method was established for the ZnO nanoflowers using biomass of Bacillus licheniformis. The resulted ZnO nanoflowers show excellent antibacterial activity which could be used an alternative of antibiotics in therapeutic processes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49317215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.2174/2468187312666220217104650
Enas A. Fouad-Elhady, H. Aglan, Rasha E. Hassan, Gilane M. Sabry, H. Ahmed
Osteoporosis is a bone-debilitated ailment characterized by obvious bone mass loss and bone microarchitecture impairment. This study was tailored to illuminate the in vivo usefulness of nanotechnology as an osteoporosis treatment via analyzing the effectiveness of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHa), nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHa/C) and nano-hydroxyapatite/silver (nHa/S) in mitigation of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. The characterization of the nHa, nHa/C and nHa/S was carried out using TEM, SEM, FTIR and Zeta potential measurements. This in vivo study included 48 adult female rats that were randomized into six groups (8 rats/group): (1) Sham-operated control, (2) osteoporotic, (3) nHa, (4) nHa/C, (5) nHa/S and (6) Fosamax®. Serum Osterix level was quantified using ELISA. Femur bone morphogenetic protein 2 and SMAD1 mRNA levels were evaluated by qPCR. The femur bones were scanned by DEXA for measurement of bone mineral density and bone mineral content. In addition, histopathological examination of femur bones was performed. The present approach denoted that the treatment with nHa, nHa/C or nHa/S yields significant rise in serum level of Osterix and mRNA levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and SMAD1 as well as significant enhancements of bone tissue minerals. The findings affirmed the potency of nHa, nHa/C and nHa/Sas an auspicious nanoplatforms for repairing bone defects in the osteoporotic rat model. The positive effect of the inspected nanoformulations arose from the motivation of bone formation indicators in serum and tissue, additionally the reinforcement of bone density and content which was verified by the histopathological description of bone tissue sections.
{"title":"Nanoplatforms for Promoting Osteogenesis in Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis in the Experimental Model","authors":"Enas A. Fouad-Elhady, H. Aglan, Rasha E. Hassan, Gilane M. Sabry, H. Ahmed","doi":"10.2174/2468187312666220217104650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666220217104650","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Osteoporosis is a bone-debilitated ailment characterized by obvious bone mass loss and bone microarchitecture impairment.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study was tailored to illuminate the in vivo usefulness of nanotechnology as an osteoporosis treatment via analyzing the effectiveness of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHa), nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHa/C) and nano-hydroxyapatite/silver (nHa/S) in mitigation of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The characterization of the nHa, nHa/C and nHa/S was carried out using TEM, SEM, FTIR and Zeta potential measurements. This in vivo study included 48 adult female rats that were randomized into six groups (8 rats/group): (1) Sham-operated control, (2) osteoporotic, (3) nHa, (4) nHa/C, (5) nHa/S and (6) Fosamax®. Serum Osterix level was quantified using ELISA. Femur bone morphogenetic protein 2 and SMAD1 mRNA levels were evaluated by qPCR. The femur bones were scanned by DEXA for measurement of bone mineral density and bone mineral content. In addition, histopathological examination of femur bones was performed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present approach denoted that the treatment with nHa, nHa/C or nHa/S yields significant rise in serum level of Osterix and mRNA levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and SMAD1 as well as significant enhancements of bone tissue minerals.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The findings affirmed the potency of nHa, nHa/C and nHa/Sas an auspicious nanoplatforms for repairing bone defects in the osteoporotic rat model. The positive effect of the inspected nanoformulations arose from the motivation of bone formation indicators in serum and tissue, additionally the reinforcement of bone density and content which was verified by the histopathological description of bone tissue sections.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43200409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-22DOI: 10.2174/2468187312666211222123307
H. K. Dewangan
Poor solubility of some medicinal compounds is a serious challenge that can be addressed by using a nano-suspension for improved delivery. The nanoparticles enhance the bioavailability along with the aqueous solubility of the drug, which is accomplished by increasing the active surface area of the drug. The gained attention of the nanosuspension is due to its stabilization facility, which is achieved by polymers, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), having a particular size range of 10 - 100 nm. Hence, these nanoparticles have the capacity of binding to the targeted with very low damage to the healthy tissues. These are prepared by various methods, such as milling, high-pressure homogenization, and emulsification, along with melt emulsification. Moreover, surface modification and solidification have been used to add specific properties to the advanced therapies as post-processing techniques. For many decades, it has been known that water solubility hampers the bioavailability and not all drugs are water-soluble. In order to combat this obstacle, nanotechnology has been found to be of specific interest. For elevating the bioavailability by increasing the dissolution rate, the methodology of reduction of the associated drug particles into their subsequent submicron range is incorporated. For oral and non-oral administration, these nanosuspension formulations are used for the delivery of drugs.
{"title":"The Emerging Role of Nanosuspensions for Drug Delivery and Stability","authors":"H. K. Dewangan","doi":"10.2174/2468187312666211222123307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666211222123307","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Poor solubility of some medicinal compounds is a serious challenge that can be addressed by using a nano-suspension for improved delivery. The nanoparticles enhance the bioavailability along with the aqueous solubility of the drug, which is accomplished by increasing the active surface area of the drug. The gained attention of the nanosuspension is due to its stabilization facility, which is achieved by polymers, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), having a particular size range of 10 - 100 nm. Hence, these nanoparticles have the capacity of binding to the targeted with very low damage to the healthy tissues. These are prepared by various methods, such as milling, high-pressure homogenization, and emulsification, along with melt emulsification. Moreover, surface modification and solidification have been used to add specific properties to the advanced therapies as post-processing techniques. For many decades, it has been known that water solubility hampers the bioavailability and not all drugs are water-soluble. In order to combat this obstacle, nanotechnology has been found to be of specific interest. For elevating the bioavailability by increasing the dissolution rate, the methodology of reduction of the associated drug particles into their subsequent submicron range is incorporated. For oral and non-oral administration, these nanosuspension formulations are used for the delivery of drugs. \u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46283546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.2174/2468187312666211221130125
T. Anju, R. Preetha, R. Shunmugam, S. Mane, J. Arockiaraj, Shivasekar Ganapathy
Rifampicin conjugated (R-CP), and rifampicin -isoniazid dual conjugated (RI-CP) norbornene-derived nanocarriers are newly designed for pH stimuli-responsive delivery of tuberculosis (TB) drugs. Its biosafety level is yet to be well established. To assess the impacts of the nanocarriers on liver cells using zebrafish animal model and human liver cell line model (HepG2). Initially, lethal dose concentration for the norbornene-derived nanocarrier systems in zebrafish was determined. The toxic effects were analysed at the sub-lethal drug concentration by histopathological study, total GSH level, gene expression and DNA damage in zebrafish liver cells. Fish erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities were also evaluated. Cell viability and oxidative stress level (ROS generation) after exposure to the nanoconjugates was determined using HepG2 cell in the in vitro study. In vivo studies of both R-CP and RI-CP showed 100% mortality at 96 hours for exposure concentration >100mg/l and showed toxic changes in zebrafish liver histology, GSH, and DNA damage levels. A noticeable upregulated PXR, CYP3A and cyp2p6 genes was observed in RI-CP exposure than in RIF or R-CP molecules. The in vitro study revealed a dose-dependent effect on cell viability and ROS generation for RIF, R-CP and RI-CP exposures in HepG2 cells. The current study reports that the rifampicin conjugated (R-CP) and rifampicin-isoniazid conjugated (RI-CP) norbornene derived nanocarriers exhibit enhanced toxic responses in both adult zebrafish and HepG2 cells. The pH-sensitive norbornene derived nanocarriers on conjugation with different drugs exhibited varied impacts on hepatic cells. Hence the present investigation recommends a complete metabolomics analysis and norbornene carrier-drug interaction study to be performed for each drug conjugated norbornene nanocarrier to ensure its biosafety.
{"title":"Non-Clinical investigation of Tuberculosis Drugs - Conjugated Norbornene-Based Nanocarriers Toxic Impacts on Zebrafish","authors":"T. Anju, R. Preetha, R. Shunmugam, S. Mane, J. Arockiaraj, Shivasekar Ganapathy","doi":"10.2174/2468187312666211221130125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666211221130125","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Rifampicin conjugated (R-CP), and rifampicin -isoniazid dual conjugated (RI-CP) norbornene-derived nanocarriers are newly designed for pH stimuli-responsive delivery of tuberculosis (TB) drugs. Its biosafety level is yet to be well established.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To assess the impacts of the nanocarriers on liver cells using zebrafish animal model and human liver cell line model (HepG2).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Initially, lethal dose concentration for the norbornene-derived nanocarrier systems in zebrafish was determined. The toxic effects were analysed at the sub-lethal drug concentration by histopathological study, total GSH level, gene expression and DNA damage in zebrafish liver cells. Fish erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities were also evaluated. Cell viability and oxidative stress level (ROS generation) after exposure to the nanoconjugates was determined using HepG2 cell in the in vitro study.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In vivo studies of both R-CP and RI-CP showed 100% mortality at 96 hours for exposure concentration >100mg/l and showed toxic changes in zebrafish liver histology, GSH, and DNA damage levels. A noticeable upregulated PXR, CYP3A and cyp2p6 genes was observed in RI-CP exposure than in RIF or R-CP molecules. The in vitro study revealed a dose-dependent effect on cell viability and ROS generation for RIF, R-CP and RI-CP exposures in HepG2 cells.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The current study reports that the rifampicin conjugated (R-CP) and rifampicin-isoniazid conjugated (RI-CP) norbornene derived nanocarriers exhibit enhanced toxic responses in both adult zebrafish and HepG2 cells. The pH-sensitive norbornene derived nanocarriers on conjugation with different drugs exhibited varied impacts on hepatic cells. Hence the present investigation recommends a complete metabolomics analysis and norbornene carrier-drug interaction study to be performed for each drug conjugated norbornene nanocarrier to ensure its biosafety.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49078271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.2174/2468187312666211221124154
Akanksha Patel, A. Dharamsi
Poor solubility of a drug is one of the major concerns in drug delivery. Many strategies have been employed for solving this problem, but there are still some deficiencies with current strategies, such as low drug loading, high toxicity, poor stability, potential drug loss during storage and complex manufacturing method. By formulating nanocrystals, problems associated with the delivery of drugs with low water or lipid solubility can be addressed. Unlike polymeric nanoparticles and lipidic nanoparticles, they are not a reservoir or matrix system. Nanocrystals are colloidal suspensions of nanosized particles stabilized by polymeric or electrostatic stabilization. They can be prepared by Top-down or Bottom-up approaches. Some of the methods for the preparation of nanocrystals are nanoprecipitation, media milling, high-pressure homogenization, emulsions and microemulsions as templates, supercritical fluid technology and co-grinding. They can be used for oral, intravenous, ocular, inhalation, intramuscular drug delivery and drug targeting.
{"title":"Nanocrystals- A substantial platform for drug delivery applications.","authors":"Akanksha Patel, A. Dharamsi","doi":"10.2174/2468187312666211221124154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666211221124154","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Poor solubility of a drug is one of the major concerns in drug delivery. Many strategies have been employed for solving this problem, but there are still some deficiencies with current strategies, such as low drug loading, high toxicity, poor stability, potential drug loss during storage and complex manufacturing method. By formulating nanocrystals, problems associated with the delivery of drugs with low water or lipid solubility can be addressed. Unlike polymeric nanoparticles and lipidic nanoparticles, they are not a reservoir or matrix system. Nanocrystals are colloidal suspensions of nanosized particles stabilized by polymeric or electrostatic stabilization. They can be prepared by Top-down or Bottom-up approaches. Some of the methods for the preparation of nanocrystals are nanoprecipitation, media milling, high-pressure homogenization, emulsions and microemulsions as templates, supercritical fluid technology and co-grinding. They can be used for oral, intravenous, ocular, inhalation, intramuscular drug delivery and drug targeting.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43372781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.2174/2468187312666211220122455
Dilpreet K Singh, Russel Tonjam, T. Chaudhary, Tanuja Bhatia, K. Razdan, B. Kurmi, P. Tiwari, Sakshi Gupta
Owing to their unique characteristics and diverse surface activities, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used in various fields of biology. The ease with which AuNPs can be functionalized makes it a useful platform for nanobiological assemblies containing oligonucleotides, antibodies, and proteins. AuNPs bioconjugates have also emerged as an interesting candidate for the development of novel biomaterials for the study of biological systems. AuNPs' flexibility has made them valuable in a variety of biomedical applications. The binding of analytes to AuNPs can change the physicochemical features of AuNPs, such as surface plasmon resonance, conductivity, and redox activity, resulting in observable signals in diagnostics. AuNPs can also be used as a therapeutic platform because of their large surface area, which allows for a dense presentation of multifunctional moieties (e.g., drugs and targeting agents). We present a brief summary of green synthesis, characteristics, and applications of gold nanoparticles in this paper, as well as their translational potential.
{"title":"A Short Appraisal on Gold Nanoparticles: Recent Advances and Applications","authors":"Dilpreet K Singh, Russel Tonjam, T. Chaudhary, Tanuja Bhatia, K. Razdan, B. Kurmi, P. Tiwari, Sakshi Gupta","doi":"10.2174/2468187312666211220122455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666211220122455","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Owing to their unique characteristics and diverse surface activities, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used in various fields of biology. The ease with which AuNPs can be functionalized makes it a useful platform for nanobiological assemblies containing oligonucleotides, antibodies, and proteins. AuNPs bioconjugates have also emerged as an interesting candidate for the development of novel biomaterials for the study of biological systems. AuNPs' flexibility has made them valuable in a variety of biomedical applications. The binding of analytes to AuNPs can change the physicochemical features of AuNPs, such as surface plasmon resonance, conductivity, and redox activity, resulting in observable signals in diagnostics. AuNPs can also be used as a therapeutic platform because of their large surface area, which allows for a dense presentation of multifunctional moieties (e.g., drugs and targeting agents). We present a brief summary of green synthesis, characteristics, and applications of gold nanoparticles in this paper, as well as their translational potential. \u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45514054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.2174/2468187312666211220112324
Sagar Salave, Dhwani Rana, Derajram Benival
Osteoporosis represents a major public health burden especially considering the aging population worldwide. Treatment modalities for osteoporosis are classified into two categories based on the effect on bone remodelling: anabolic drugs and antiresorptive drugs. Anabolic drugs are preferred as it stimulates new bone formation. Currently, PTH (1-34) is the only peptide-based drug approved as an anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis by both USFDA as well as EMA. However, its non-specific delivery results in prolonged kidney exposure, causing hypercalcemia. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems functionalized by conjugating it with homing moieties, such as peptides, offer an advantage of targeted delivery with reduced off-target effects. Here, we propose an innovative and targeted nanovesicle approach to efficiently deliver PTH (1-34) to the bone surface using peptides as a homing moiety. The proposed innovative delivery approach will augment the specific interaction between the drug and bone surface without producing side effects. This will reduce the off-target effects of PTH (1-34), and at the same time, it will also improve the outcome of anabolic therapy. Therefore, we postulate that the proposed innovative drug delivery approach for PTH (1-34) will establish as a promising therapy for osteoporotic patients, specifically in postmenopausal women who are at greater risk of bone fracture.
{"title":"Peptide Functionalised Nanocarriers for Bone Specific Delivery of PTH (1-34) in Osteoporosis","authors":"Sagar Salave, Dhwani Rana, Derajram Benival","doi":"10.2174/2468187312666211220112324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666211220112324","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Osteoporosis represents a major public health burden especially considering the aging population worldwide. Treatment modalities for osteoporosis are classified into two categories based on the effect on bone remodelling: anabolic drugs and antiresorptive drugs. Anabolic drugs are preferred as it stimulates new bone formation. Currently, PTH (1-34) is the only peptide-based drug approved as an anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis by both USFDA as well as EMA. However, its non-specific delivery results in prolonged kidney exposure, causing hypercalcemia. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems functionalized by conjugating it with homing moieties, such as peptides, offer an advantage of targeted delivery with reduced off-target effects. Here, we propose an innovative and targeted nanovesicle approach to efficiently deliver PTH (1-34) to the bone surface using peptides as a homing moiety. The proposed innovative delivery approach will augment the specific interaction between the drug and bone surface without producing side effects. This will reduce the off-target effects of PTH (1-34), and at the same time, it will also improve the outcome of anabolic therapy. Therefore, we postulate that the proposed innovative drug delivery approach for PTH (1-34) will establish as a promising therapy for osteoporotic patients, specifically in postmenopausal women who are at greater risk of bone fracture.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10818,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42367268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.2174/2468187312666211220115859
Esraa Ahmed Abu El Qassem Mahmoud, A. Mohamed, S. Fahmy, A. Soliman, K. Gaafar
Diabetes mellitus is the most common health problem in the world. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exposed great intrinsic anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities. Chitosan is an oligosaccharide biopolymer with a great ability to lower hyperglycemia, and ascorbic acid is a water-soluble vitamin with strong antioxidant activity. The present study aimed to estimate AgNPs/chitosan/ascorbic acid nanocomposite (Ag-NCs) anti-diabetic properties in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eighteen male Wistar albino rats were divided into three main groups (6 rats/group); control, diabetic, and Ag-NCs groups. Control group: after a single dose of citrate buffer at PH 4.5 (0.1 mol/L, i.p), the rats orally received 1 ml distilled water daily for four weeks. The diabetic model was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p) for type 1 diabetes and the rats orally received 1 ml distilled water daily for four weeks. The diabetic group was treated orally with Ag-NCs (0.25 mg/Kg body weight) daily for four weeks. AgNPs/chitosan/ascorbic acid nanocomposite group showed a reduction in the concentrations of glucose, NO, MDA, LDL, and the activities of AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT. At the same time, it caused a general increase in insulin, albumin, TB, TC, TG, HDL, CAT, SOD, and GSH levels. The histopathological investigation illustrated regeneration of damaged pancreatic beta cells and a clear improvement in the hepatic architecture. The suggested mechanism of action for Ag-NCs in decreasing diabetic complications in the liver involved two pathways; the hypoglycemic activity and the antioxidant role of AgNPs, chitosan, and ascorbic acid.
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