Current Nutrition Reports最新文献

Purpose of review: This review explores how artificial intelligence can help advance clinical nutrition and address nutrition education and practice challenges. It highlights the role of AI, mainly through advanced clinical decision-making using generative AI, in supporting clinicians as they develop personalized nutrition interventions for individual patients. Furthermore, the review discusses how AI technologies are helping to close the knowledge gap in nutrition and delivering real-time, evidence-based insights to healthcare professionals.

Recent findings: AI processes, such as machine learning and natural language processing, have shown promising results in predicting nutritional outcomes and complications, such as malnutrition and central line-associated bloodstream infections. Studies highlight the capability of AI to efficiently process large datasets, identify key risk factors, and provide real-time support to clinicians. Furthermore, AI can personalize educational content, making complex nutritional concepts more accessible. AI has demonstrated multiple potential use cases in nutrition. However, much work still needs to be done to evaluate its accuracy, accessibility and ethical considerations.

Purpose of review: Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and rehabilitation is essential to improve patient outcomes and reduce the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. This review aims to summarize research on the gut-heart axis and the therapeutic potential of probiotics and prebiotics in MI rehabilitation, highlighting their ability to modulate gut microbiota composition and activity to benefit cardiovascular health.

Recent findings: Recent studies have identified the gut microbiome as a critical modulator of myocardial health, with dysbiosis-an imbalance in microbial populations-associated with increased production of proinflammatory metabolites such as trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which exacerbate endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis in MI patients. Studies show that probiotic strains and prebiotics can improve blood lipid profiles, regulate blood pressure, inhibit the progression of endothelial dysfunction, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, and increase cardioprotective short-chain fatty acids. The use of probiotics and prebiotics in MI patients may be of advantage in cardiac rehabilitation. Probiotics and prebiotics have been shown to offer potential benefits in mitigating inflammation, improving endothelial function, and optimizing metabolic health. These microbiome-targeted strategies may complement existing rehabilitation approaches, potentially reducing the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events and improving long-term outcomes for patients with MI. However, further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and substantiate the clinical efficacy of these therapeutic interventions.

Background: Wrestling is a popular combat sport that requires muscular strength, power, agility, and endurance. Weight classes have motivated wrestlers to compete at a lower weight to optimise power-to-weight ratio and performance. To achieve these characteristics, athletes may use dietary supplements, however, their efficacy in wrestlers has not been systematically evaluated.

Objective: The purpose was to systematically review the literature to determine the efficacy of dietary supplements to improve body composition, physiological status, and performance in wrestlers.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ProQuest Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus on the 21st of January 2024 and updated on the 6th of January 2025. Studies were included if the participants were healthy wrestlers ingesting any type of dietary supplement in comparison to a control. Data associated with intervention type and characteristics, target populations, outcomes, and analysis methods were extracted.

Results: A total of 24 eligible original articles were included that assessed various supplementation strategies on body composition, exercise performance, and metabolic markers in wrestlers. Individual studies revealed significant effects of sodium citrate, creatine monohydrate, spirulina, green tea and oolong tea extracts, and branched-chain amino acids on body mass or composition. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB-FA), creatine monohydrate, and iron supplementation improved recovery and may improve exercise performance. Beet-root juice supplementation enhanced muscular strength and balance. BCAA supplementation produced mixed results on muscle damage biomarkers and performance, while sodium citrate, creatine, and spirulina can act as buffering agents. Thyme tea appears to improve antioxidant capacity.

Conclusions: Overall, individual studies show some promise for several dietary supplements to alter body mass and body composition, improve exercise recovery and performance, delay fatigue, and modify serum biomarkers; nevertheless, effect sizes were often small, and results were often mixed.

Purpose of review: Whey protein (WP) is recognized for its rapid digestibility and rich amino acid profile, making it a popular supplement among athletes. Several studies have shown scientific evidence surrounding the physiological effects of WP but important information on its mechanisms of action in exercise performance, recovery, and immune function, optimal dosage and timing, potential side effects/risks, and future directions are necessary.

Recent findings: This review articulates WP's composition, types, function, and application, its mechanisms of action in exercise performance, recovery, and immune function, optimal dosage and timing, and potential side effects and risks. Moreover, future directions and gaps in research on WP nutrition in sports are carefully presented. More robust studies are warranted to optimize dosing and timing strategies in specific athletic populations, explore their genetic and metabolic variability, and assess the long-term safety of WP using novel and sustainable technologies. This will enable the scientific community to provide athletes with evidence-based, personalized, and sustainable nutrition strategies, ultimately enhancing performance and recovery.

Purpose of review: Optimal nutrition is important across all age groups. However, nutrition provision during early years of life is more crucial and any aberrations in this period could lead to long lasting consequences. The first 1000 days starting from conception to the second birthday is the period of maximum growth velocity and brain growth and suboptimal nutrition in this period should be avoided at all cost.

Recent findings: Feeding and nutritional optimization in the early stages of life provides a critical window of opportunity. Implementation of nutritional interventions can be challenging in this age group due to multiple factors such increased nutritional needs, environmental circumstances, and feeding difficulties. Interventions should focus on improving maternal/fetal, infant, child, and adolescent nutrition so that every child can reach her or his full potential of growth and development. Interventions should be simple, sustainable, socio-culturally acceptable and should begin in the fetal period.

Background: Hypertension is a major global public health issue. The mechanisms through which diet influences blood pressure (BP) remain to be fully elucidated. Nutritional metabolomics offers an objective method for examining diet-health outcomes, including the contribution of intermediate molecules and metabolic byproducts or metabolites to BP regulation. To date, no review has investigated the relationship between diet, metabolites and BP regulation.

Objective: This systematic review aim was to synthesise findings of human dietary intervention studies on BP, including feeding studies providing all foods and meals, as well as those that provided supplements.

Methods: Six databases were systematically searched (Scopus, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane) for intervention studies examining the relationship between dietary metabolites and BP regulation. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria were used to assess the risk of bias.

Results: Twelve articles (11 unique studies) met the inclusion criteria, reporting 11 significant associations between metabolites and BP, while one study found no significant associations. More than 100 metabolites were associated with BP, 40 associated with SBP, 29 with DBP, 31 with both, and 2 did not differentiate between SBP or DBP. Only two metabolites, proline-betaine and N-acetylneuraminate, had significant relationships with BP measurement in more than one study.

Conclusions: This review identified a shortlist of potential metabolite indicators of response to dietary interventions for BP regulation. Findings highlight nutritional metabolomics as a potential contributor to understanding diet-induced changes in BP and CVD risk reduction. However, variability in reported metabolites and limited replication across studies may affect specificity and limit generalizability. Further research is needed to better understand this relationship.

Purpose of review: This review introduces Sedatic Hunger as a distinct and underexplored form of hunger. Unlike physiological or hedonic hunger, Sedatic Hunger refers to a neutral, function-oriented motivation to eat-driven by biological need without the pursuit of taste, pleasure, or emotional satisfaction. The purpose of this review is to conceptualize Sedatic Hunger, differentiate it from other hunger types, and highlight its clinical and societal relevance.

Recent findings: Emerging clinical observations suggest that individuals with depression, restrictive dietary habits, or those under chronic stress may experience Sedatic Hunger. These individuals consume food purely for energy, with limited sensory or emotional engagement. The article outlines preliminary efforts to develop the Sedatic Hunger Scale (SHS) to assess this construct, aiming to quantify how biological, psychological, and cultural factors intersect in this form of eating behavior. Sedatic Hunger expands our understanding of human motivations for eating by focusing on biologically driven but emotionally neutral food intake. Its recognition may improve approaches in mental health, dietary counseling, and nutrition science. Future research directions include identifying biological markers, evaluating the effects of sensory deprivation, and exploring cross-cultural differences in the manifestation of Sedatic Hunger.