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Nutrition in the Management of ADHD: A Review of Recent Research. 营养在ADHD管理中的作用:近期研究综述。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00487-8
Klaus W Lange, Katharina M Lange, Yukiko Nakamura, Andreas Reissmann

Purpose of review: Various nutrients and diet quality have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of ADHD. The purpose of this review was to examine data from recent cohort studies and dietary interventions to determine whether nutrition may play a role in the management of ADHD.

Recent findings: Preliminary evidence suggests that minerals might have beneficial effects on ADHD symptomatology. Probiotics might offer novel strategies to prevent or treat ADHD. Inverse associations between adherence to "healthy" diets and ADHD symptoms have been observed. Children with ADHD responding to the few-foods diet (or oligoantigenic diet) with an elimination of individually identified food items show substantially improved behavior and cognitive functioning. Evidence from recent research does not allow any recommendations regarding the use of micronutrients or probiotics in the management of ADHD. The few-foods diet may become an additional therapeutic option for children with ADHD.

综述目的:各种营养和饮食质量被认为与ADHD的病理生理有关。本综述的目的是检查近期队列研究和饮食干预的数据,以确定营养是否可能在ADHD的管理中发挥作用。最近的发现:初步证据表明,矿物质可能对多动症的症状有有益的影响。益生菌可能为预防或治疗多动症提供新的策略。已经观察到坚持“健康”饮食与多动症症状之间的负相关关系。患有多动症的儿童对少食饮食(或低抗原饮食)的反应是消除单独识别的食物,表现出显著改善的行为和认知功能。最近的研究证据不允许任何关于使用微量营养素或益生菌治疗多动症的建议。少食饮食可能成为多动症儿童的额外治疗选择。
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引用次数: 0
Nutrition and Healthy Aging: A Review. 营养与健康老龄化:综述
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00473-0
Keotshepile Precious Bojang, Varalakshmi Manchana

Purpose of review: The review attempts to highlight various dietary approaches for healthy aging; it examines the current evidence regarding the impact of various dietary components on physiological, cognitive, and functional outcomes in older adults. The aim is to promote nutritional awareness to add to what is currently reported in this field that helps for the needful revisions in the policy and in the current national nutrition strategy to incorporate effective public health communication on nutrition and aging.

Recent findings: The relationship between diet and healthy aging is becoming increasingly clear with recent studies. Consuming a balanced diet that includes nutrient-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, has been linked to a lower risk of chronic diseases and better overall health in older adults. Specific dietary factors that have been found to be beneficial for healthy aging include adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet, Okinawa diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and caloric restriction as well as the healthy eating index. Therefore, making dietary changes that promote healthy aging can be an important strategy for maintaining physical and cognitive function and preventing age-related diseases. Adopting a healthy diet in older age can be an effective strategy for maintaining optimal health and function with adequate intake of protein, fiber, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids for better physical function, bone health, muscle strength, cognitive function, and lower risk of chronic diseases and disability.

综述目的:本综述试图强调健康老龄化的各种饮食方法;它检查了目前关于各种饮食成分对老年人生理、认知和功能结果影响的证据。其目的是促进对营养的认识,以补充目前在这一领域的报告,帮助对政策和目前的国家营养战略进行必要的修订,以纳入关于营养和老龄化的有效公共卫生宣传。最新发现:最近的研究表明,饮食和健康老龄化之间的关系越来越清楚。均衡饮食,包括营养丰富的食物,如水果、蔬菜、全谷物、瘦肉蛋白和健康脂肪,可以降低老年人患慢性病的风险,改善老年人的整体健康状况。已发现对健康老龄化有益的特定饮食因素包括坚持地中海式饮食、冲绳饮食、停止高血压的饮食方法(DASH)饮食、热量限制以及健康饮食指数。因此,改变饮食习惯促进健康老龄化可能是维持身体和认知功能以及预防与年龄相关疾病的重要策略。在老年人中采用健康饮食是保持最佳健康和功能的有效策略,摄入足够的蛋白质,纤维,维生素D和omega-3脂肪酸,以改善身体机能,骨骼健康,肌肉力量,认知功能,降低慢性疾病和残疾的风险。
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引用次数: 4
Tools for Nutrition Assessment of Adults with Cerebral Palsy: Development of a Gold Standard. 成人脑瘫患者营养评估工具:金标准的发展。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00485-w
D Expósito, M M Morales-Suarez, J M Soriano, C Soler

Purpose of review: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders caused by non-stabilized cerebral lesions. Individuals with this disorder are at a higher risk of suffering from malnutrition and other related detrimental effects to their quality of life. For this reason, accurate methods of nutritional assessment are vital for people suffering from this condition. While assessment of nutritional status in children with CP has been extensively studied, very few studies have been carried out on adults. These limitations are due to the great anatomical-functional variability characteristic of this syndrome. Difficulties that derive from this variability in adult patients with CP mean that there remains an urgent need for certain standards of nutritional assessment for this population. The objective of this review is to compile the latest trends in nutritional assessment in adults with CP to guide the development of a conceptual framework for future research.

Recent findings: With this aim, relevant studies have been identified. The most commonly used technique to evaluate nutritional status is the BMI because of its ease-of-use. However, its well-known limitations fail to adequately estimate the nutritional status in this population, with measurements of patients with CP yielding results that are much less accurate than those that already exist in the general population. Although more studies are needed, kinanthropometry is considered one of the most reliable techniques; nevertheless, the anatomical limitation characteristic of CP plays a limiting factor.

综述目的:脑瘫(Cerebral paralysis, CP)是一组由不稳定的大脑病变引起的疾病。患有这种疾病的人患营养不良和其他相关有害影响其生活质量的风险更高。因此,准确的营养评估方法对患有这种疾病的人至关重要。虽然对患有CP的儿童的营养状况进行了广泛的研究,但对成人的研究却很少。这些限制是由于该综合征的解剖功能变异性。成年CP患者的这种可变性所带来的困难意味着仍然迫切需要对这一人群进行某些营养评估标准。本综述的目的是汇编成人CP营养评估的最新趋势,以指导未来研究的概念框架的发展。最近的发现:为此目的,相关的研究已经确定。最常用的评估营养状况的技术是BMI,因为它很容易使用。然而,其众所周知的局限性无法充分估计这一人群的营养状况,对CP患者的测量结果远不如对普通人群的测量结果准确。虽然还需要更多的研究,但人体测量被认为是最可靠的技术之一;然而,CP的解剖局限性是一个限制因素。
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引用次数: 0
Dairy Foods: Beneficial Effects of Fermented Products on Cardiometabolic Health. 乳制品:发酵产品对心脏代谢健康的有益影响。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00476-x
Paul J Nestel, Trevor A Mori

Purpose of review: This review of recent observational studies and understanding of the complex nature of dairy foods is intended to reappraise the effects of different types of dairy foods on cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Recent findings: Recent guidelines from major cardiovascular societies suggest that apart from the adverse effect of butter, consumption of more complex dairy products notably fermented varieties and yogurt in particular, appear to be inversely associated with outcomes of CVD and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Reduced fat in dairy food remains preferred for people at increased CVD risk. Changed evidence has led to new advice regarding consumption of some dairy foods. The apparent beneficial effects of fermented milk products, particularly yogurt, allow for increased consumption of nutritious staple foods. Recent national guidelines reflect this view.

综述目的:本文综述了最近的观察性研究和对乳制品复杂性的认识,旨在重新评估不同类型的乳制品对心血管疾病(CVD)的影响。最近的发现:来自主要心血管学会的最新指南表明,除了黄油的不利影响外,食用更复杂的乳制品,特别是发酵品种和酸奶,似乎与心血管疾病和2型糖尿病(T2D)的结局呈负相关。对于心血管疾病风险增加的人来说,乳制品中的脂肪含量降低仍然是首选。证据的改变导致了对某些乳制品消费的新建议。发酵乳制品,特别是酸奶的明显有益效果,允许增加营养主食的消费。最近的国家指南反映了这一观点。
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引用次数: 0
Effective and Scalable Interventions to Reduce Sodium Intake: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 减少钠摄入量的有效和可扩展干预措施:系统回顾和元分析。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00477-w
Jorge Vargas-Meza, Alejandra Gonzalez-Rocha, Ismael Campos-Nonato, Eduardo Augusto Fernandes Nilson, Ana Basto-Abreu, Simón Barquera, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez

Purpose of review: High-sodium intake is a main risk factor for increased blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Reducing sodium intake at the population level is one of the most cost-effective strategies to address this. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis are to examine data from recent studies that measure the effectiveness and scalability of interventions aimed at reducing sodium intake at both the population and individual level.

Recent findings: Worldwide, sodium intake is higher than the World Health Organization recommendations. Structural interventions such as mandatory reformulation of foods, food labeling, taxes or subsidies, and communication campaigns have shown to be the most effective in reducing the population's sodium consumption. Interventions in education, particularly those that use a social marketing framework with short duration, food reformulation, and combined strategies, have the potential to decrease sodium intake.

审查目的:高钠摄入量是导致血压升高和心血管疾病的主要风险因素,而心血管疾病是全球死亡的主要原因。减少人群钠摄入量是最具成本效益的应对策略之一。本系统综述和荟萃分析的目的是检查近期研究的数据,以衡量旨在减少人群和个人钠摄入量的干预措施的有效性和可扩展性:在世界范围内,钠的摄入量高于世界卫生组织的建议。结构性干预措施,如食品的强制性重新配方、食品标签、税收或补贴以及宣传活动,在减少居民钠摄入量方面最为有效。教育方面的干预措施,特别是那些采用社会营销框架的短期干预措施、食品重新配制以及综合策略,都有可能减少钠的摄入量。
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引用次数: 0
The Uterine Environment and Childhood Obesity Risk: Mechanisms and Predictions. 子宫环境与儿童肥胖风险:机制和预测。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00482-z
Andreea Cristian, Jane L Tarry-Adkins, Catherine E Aiken

Purpose of review: Childhood obesity is a growing health problem in many populations, hence the urgent need to unravel the underlying mechanisms. Some evidence suggests that exposure to suboptimal intrauterine environments can program foetal metabolic health, with adverse consequences in later life, including susceptibility to childhood obesity.

Findings: Factors such as high and low foetal birth weight, excessive gestational-weight-gain, maternal stress and smoking are all associated with increased risk of childhood obesity in observational studies. Animal models, where both genetic background and the postnatal environment can be carefully controlled, suggest that several different mechanisms, including epigenetic changes, dysregulation of adipose tissue development and programming of appetite, may be key drivers of developmental programming of childhood obesity. However, the influence of genetics and the post-natal environment are much more difficult to disentangle as independent effects in human studies, which are also complicated by low follow-up rates. Suboptimal intrauterine environments interact with maternal and foetal genetics and with the postnatal environment to contribute to the risk of childhood obesity. Maternal metabolic challenges, for example obesity and insulin resistance, contribute to the risk of foetal overgrowth and subsequent adiposity in childhood. To protect the long-term health of populations, research focusing on effective means of identifying and intervening in the transgenerational cycle of childhood obesity is required.

综述目的:儿童肥胖是许多人群中日益严重的健康问题,因此迫切需要揭示其潜在机制。一些证据表明,暴露在不理想的宫内环境中会影响胎儿的代谢健康,对以后的生活产生不利影响,包括易患儿童肥胖。研究结果:观察性研究发现,胎儿出生体重过高或过低、孕期体重增加过多、母亲压力和吸烟等因素都与儿童肥胖风险增加有关。在动物模型中,遗传背景和出生后环境都可以被仔细控制,这表明几种不同的机制,包括表观遗传改变、脂肪组织发育失调和食欲编程,可能是儿童肥胖发育编程的关键驱动因素。然而,在人类研究中,遗传学和出生后环境的影响作为独立的影响要难得多,这也由于随访率低而变得复杂。次优的宫内环境与母体和胎儿遗传以及产后环境相互作用,导致儿童肥胖的风险。母亲的代谢问题,例如肥胖和胰岛素抵抗,增加了胎儿过度生长和随后的儿童期肥胖的风险。为了保护人口的长期健康,需要开展研究,重点研究识别和干预儿童肥胖跨代循环的有效手段。
{"title":"The Uterine Environment and Childhood Obesity Risk: Mechanisms and Predictions.","authors":"Andreea Cristian,&nbsp;Jane L Tarry-Adkins,&nbsp;Catherine E Aiken","doi":"10.1007/s13668-023-00482-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-023-00482-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Childhood obesity is a growing health problem in many populations, hence the urgent need to unravel the underlying mechanisms. Some evidence suggests that exposure to suboptimal intrauterine environments can program foetal metabolic health, with adverse consequences in later life, including susceptibility to childhood obesity.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Factors such as high and low foetal birth weight, excessive gestational-weight-gain, maternal stress and smoking are all associated with increased risk of childhood obesity in observational studies. Animal models, where both genetic background and the postnatal environment can be carefully controlled, suggest that several different mechanisms, including epigenetic changes, dysregulation of adipose tissue development and programming of appetite, may be key drivers of developmental programming of childhood obesity. However, the influence of genetics and the post-natal environment are much more difficult to disentangle as independent effects in human studies, which are also complicated by low follow-up rates. Suboptimal intrauterine environments interact with maternal and foetal genetics and with the postnatal environment to contribute to the risk of childhood obesity. Maternal metabolic challenges, for example obesity and insulin resistance, contribute to the risk of foetal overgrowth and subsequent adiposity in childhood. To protect the long-term health of populations, research focusing on effective means of identifying and intervening in the transgenerational cycle of childhood obesity is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":10844,"journal":{"name":"Current Nutrition Reports","volume":"12 3","pages":"416-425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10444661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10054169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on Hematological and Biochemical Markers, Hormonal Behavior, and Oxidant Response in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha)对健康成人血液学和生化指标、激素行为和氧化反应的影响:系统综述
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00481-0
Adrián Gómez Afonso, Diego Fernandez-Lazaro, David P Adams, Aniol Monserdà-Vilaró, Cesar I Fernandez-Lazaro

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ws) is a common herb plant that has been used for centuries to treat a wide range of conditions, particularly certain chronic diseases due to its antidiabetic, cardioprotective, antistress, and chondroprotective effects, among many others. No conclusive evidence, however, exists about the potential health effects of Ws in adults without chronic conditions. We aimed to evaluate the current evidence on the health benefits of Ws supplementation in healthy adults. RECENT FINDINGS: Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically reviewed studies indexed in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed to assess the effects of Ws on hematological and biochemical markers, hormonal behavior, and oxidant response in healthy adults. Original articles published up to March 5, 2022, with a controlled trial design or pre-post intervention design, in which supplementation of Ws was compared to a control group or data prior to intervention were included. Among 2,421 records identified in the search, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, most of the studies reported beneficial effects of the Ws supplementation, and no serious adverse events were reported. Participants supplemented with Ws displayed reduced levels of oxidative stress and inflammation, and counterbalanced hormone levels. No evidence of the beneficial effects of Ws supplementation on hematological markers was reported. Ws supplementation appears to be safe, may regulate hormone levels, and has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the relevance of its application.

综述目的:苦参草(L.)杜鹃花(w)是一种常见的草本植物,几个世纪以来一直用于治疗各种疾病,特别是某些慢性疾病,因为它具有抗糖尿病、保护心脏、抗压力和保护软骨等作用。然而,没有确凿的证据表明,在没有慢性疾病的成年人中,w可能对健康产生影响。我们的目的是评估健康成人补充维生素w对健康益处的现有证据。最新发现:基于系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目(PRISMA)指南,我们系统地回顾了Web of Science、Scopus和PubMed索引的研究,以评估Ws对健康成人血液和生化指标、激素行为和氧化反应的影响。发表于2022年3月5日之前的原创文章,采用对照试验设计或干预前后设计,其中将w的补充与对照组进行比较,或纳入干预前的数据。在检索到的2421条记录中,有10项研究符合纳入标准。总的来说,大多数研究报告了补充w的有益作用,没有报道严重的不良事件。补充了w的参与者表现出氧化应激和炎症水平的降低,并平衡了激素水平。没有证据表明补充Ws对血液学指标有有益的影响。w补充剂似乎是安全的,可以调节激素水平,并具有有效的抗炎和抗氧化作用。然而,需要进一步的研究来阐明其应用的相关性。
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引用次数: 1
The Influence of Grandparents on Children's Dietary Health: A Narrative Review. 祖父母对儿童饮食健康的影响:一个叙述性的回顾。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00483-y
Michelle I Jongenelis, Timothy Budden

Purpose of review: To examine and synthesise recent evidence on the role of grandparents in shaping children's dietary health.

Recent findings: The influence of grandparents on children's dietary health was evident across studies. Grandparents frequently provide their grandchildren with meals and snacks, and engage in many of the same feeding practices used by parents. Although grandparents report providing their grandchildren with healthy foods, the provision of treat foods high in sugar or fat was a common finding. This provision led to family conflict, with the indulgent behaviours of grandparents seen by parents as a barrier to healthy eating. Grandparents are exerting significant influence on child dietary health. Efforts are needed to ensure these care providers are considered key stakeholders in the promotion of healthy eating and are targeted in policies and programs addressing children's diets. Research that determines how to best support grandparents to foster healthy behaviours in children is critical.

综述的目的:检查和综合关于祖父母在塑造儿童饮食健康中的作用的最新证据。最近的研究发现:祖父母对儿童饮食健康的影响在各种研究中都很明显。祖父母经常给他们的孙子们提供饭菜和零食,并参与许多与父母相同的喂养方法。尽管祖父母报告给他们的孙辈提供健康食品,但提供高糖或高脂肪的治疗食品是一个普遍的发现。这一规定导致了家庭冲突,祖父母的放纵行为被父母视为健康饮食的障碍。祖父母对儿童的饮食健康有着重要的影响。需要作出努力,确保这些护理提供者被视为促进健康饮食的关键利益攸关方,并成为解决儿童饮食问题的政策和方案的目标。确定如何最好地支持祖父母培养儿童健康行为的研究至关重要。
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引用次数: 1
Age-Related Changes in Circadian Rhythm and Association with Nutrition. 与年龄相关的昼夜节律变化及其与营养的关系。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00474-z
Şerife Akpınar, Nilüfer Acar Tek

Purpose of review: Considering the increase in life expectancy, there is a time-related decline in biological functions. Age-related changes are also observed in the circadian clock which directly leads to appropriate rhythms in the endocrine and metabolic pathways required for organism homeostasis. Circadian rhythms are affected by the sleep/wake cycle, environmental changes, and nutrition. The aim of this review is to show the relationship between age-related changes in circadian rhythms of physiological and molecular processes and nutritional differences in the elderly.

Recent findings: Nutrition is an environmental factor that is particularly effective on peripheral clocks. Age-related physiological changes have an impact on nutrient intake and circadian processes. Considering the known effects of amino acid and energy intakes on peripheral and circadian clocks, it is thought that the change in circadian clocks in aging may occur due to anorexia due to physiological changes.

综述目的:考虑到预期寿命的增加,生物功能的时间相关下降。在生理时钟中也观察到与年龄相关的变化,这直接导致了生物体内平衡所需的内分泌和代谢途径的适当节奏。昼夜节律受睡眠/觉醒周期、环境变化和营养的影响。这篇综述的目的是显示年龄相关的生理和分子过程的昼夜节律变化与老年人营养差异之间的关系。最近的研究发现:营养是一个环境因素,对外围时钟特别有效。年龄相关的生理变化对营养摄入和昼夜节律过程有影响。考虑到已知的氨基酸和能量摄入对外周时钟和生物钟的影响,我们认为衰老过程中生物钟的改变可能是由于生理变化引起的厌食症。
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引用次数: 0
Mitochondrial Damage and Hypertension: Another Dark Side of Sodium Excess. 线粒体损伤和高血压:钠过量的另一个阴暗面。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00486-9
Baris Afsar, Rengin Elsurer Afsar

Purpose of review: Essential or primary hypertension (HT) is a worldwide health problem with no definitive cure. Although the exact pathogenesis of HT is not known, genetic factors, increased renin-angiotensin and sympathetic system activity, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation play a role in its development. Environmental factors such as sodium intake are also important for BP regulation, and excess sodium intake in the form of salt (NaCl, sodium chloride) increases blood pressure in salt-sensitive people. Excess salt intake increases extracellular volume, oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests that increased salt intake also disturbs mitochondrial function both structurally and functionally which is important as mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with HT. In the current review, we have summarized the experimental and clinical data regarding the impact of salt intake on mitochondrial structure and function.

Recent findings: Excess salt intake damage mitochondrial structure (e.g., shorter mitochondria with less cristae, increased mitochondrial fission, increased mitochondrial vacuolization). Functionally, high salt intake impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain, ATP production, mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial uncoupling protein function. Excess salt intake also increases mitochondrial oxidative stress and modifies Krebs cycle protein expressions. Studies have shown that high salt intake impairs mitochondrial structure and function. These maladaptive mitochondrial changes facilitate the development of HT especially in salt-sensitive individuals. High salt intake impairs many functional and structural components of mitochondria. These mitochondrial alterations along with increased salt intake promote the development of hypertension.

综述目的:原发性高血压(HT)是一种全球性的健康问题,没有明确的治疗方法。虽然HT的确切发病机制尚不清楚,但遗传因素、肾素-血管紧张素和交感神经系统活性增加、内皮功能障碍、氧化应激和炎症在其发展中起作用。环境因素如钠的摄入对血压调节也很重要,过量的钠以盐(NaCl,氯化钠)的形式摄入会增加盐敏感人群的血压。过量的盐摄入会增加细胞外体积、氧化应激、炎症和内皮功能障碍。最近的证据表明,盐摄入量增加也会在结构和功能上扰乱线粒体功能,这一点很重要,因为线粒体功能障碍与HT有关。在这篇综述中,我们总结了盐摄入对线粒体结构和功能影响的实验和临床数据。最近的研究发现:过量的盐摄入会损害线粒体结构(例如,线粒体变短,嵴减少,线粒体分裂增加,线粒体空泡化增加)。功能上,高盐摄入损害线粒体氧化磷酸化和电子传递链、ATP生成、线粒体钙稳态、线粒体膜电位和线粒体解偶联蛋白功能。过量的盐摄入也会增加线粒体氧化应激并改变克雷布斯循环蛋白的表达。研究表明,高盐摄入会损害线粒体的结构和功能。这些不适应的线粒体变化促进了HT的发展,特别是在盐敏感个体中。高盐摄入会损害线粒体的许多功能和结构成分。这些线粒体的改变以及盐摄入量的增加促进了高血压的发展。
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引用次数: 0
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