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Nourishing Physical Productivity and Performance On a Warming Planet - Challenges and Nutritional Strategies to Mitigate Exertional Heat Stress. 在日益变暖的地球上提高体力生产率和工作表现--减轻劳累性热应激的挑战和营养策略。
IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00554-8
Alan J McCubbin, Christopher G Irwin, Ricardo J S Costa

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and severity of exposure to hot environments. This can impair health, physical performance, and productivity for active individuals in occupational and athletic settings. This review summarizes current knowledge and recent advancements in nutritional strategies to minimize the impact of exertional-heat stress (EHS). RECENT FINDINGS: Hydration strategies limiting body mass loss to < 3% during EHS are performance-beneficial in weight-supported activities, although evidence regarding smaller fluid deficits (< 2% body mass loss) and weight-dependent activities is less clear due to a lack of well-designed studies with adequate blinding. Sodium replacement requirements during EHS depends on both sweat losses and the extent of fluid replacement, with quantified sodium replacement only necessary once fluid replacement > 60-80% of losses. Ice ingestion lowers core temperature and may improve thermal comfort and performance outcomes when consumed before, but less so during activity. Prevention and management of gastrointestinal disturbances during EHS should focus on high carbohydrate but low FODMAP availability before and during exercise, frequent provision of carbohydrate and/or protein during exercise, adequate hydration, and body temperature regulation. Evidence for these approaches is lacking in occupational settings. Acute kidney injury is a potential concern resulting from inadequate fluid replacement during and post-EHS, and emerging evidence suggests that repeated exposures may increase the risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Nutritional strategies can help regulate hydration, body temperature, and gastrointestinal status during EHS. Doing so minimizes the impact of EHS on health and safety and optimizes productivity and performance outcomes on a warming planet.

综述目的:据预测,气候变化将增加暴露在炎热环境中的频率和严重程度。这可能会损害职业和运动环境中活跃人群的健康、体能表现和工作效率。本综述总结了营养策略方面的现有知识和最新进展,以最大限度地减少劳累性热应激(EHS)的影响。最新发现:水合策略可将体重损失限制在 60-80% 的范围内。摄入冰块可降低核心体温,在活动前摄入冰块可改善热舒适度和运动表现。预防和处理 EHS 期间的胃肠道紊乱应侧重于在运动前和运动中提供高碳水化合物但低 FODMAP 的食物,在运动中频繁提供碳水化合物和/或蛋白质,充分补充水分以及调节体温。这些方法在职业环境中还缺乏证据。急性肾损伤是职业健康和安全期间及之后因液体补充不足而导致的潜在问题,而且新的证据表明,反复暴露可能会增加罹患慢性肾病的风险。营养策略可帮助调节 EHS 期间的水合作用、体温和肠胃状态。这样做可以最大限度地减少 EHS 对健康和安全的影响,并在地球变暖的情况下优化生产率和绩效成果。
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引用次数: 0
An Updated View of the Effect of Probiotic Supplement on Sports Performance: A Detailed Review. 益生菌补充剂对运动成绩影响的最新观点:详细综述。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00527-x
Miray Nur Aykut, Esma Nur Erdoğan, Menşure Nur Çelik, Murat Gürbüz

Purpose of review: Modulation of the host microbiota through probiotics has been shown to have beneficial effects on health in the growing body of research. Exercise increases the amount and diversity of beneficial microorganisms in the host microbiome. Although low- and moderate-intensity exercise has been shown to reduce physiological stress and improve immune function, high-intensity prolonged exercise can suppress immune function and reduce microbial diversity due to intestinal hypoperfusion. The effect of probiotic supplementation on sports performance is still being studied; however, questions remain regarding the mechanisms of action, strain used, and dose. In this review, the aim was to investigate the effects of probiotic supplements on exercise performance through modulation of gut microbiota and alleviation of GI symptoms, promotion of the immune system, bioavailability of nutrients, and aerobic metabolism.

Recent findings: Probiotic supplementation may improve sports performance by reducing the adverse effects of prolonged high-intensity exercise. Although probiotics have been reported to have positive effects on sports performance, information about the microbiome and nutrition of athletes has not been considered in most current studies. This may have limited the evaluation of the effects of probiotic supplementation on sports performance.

综述的目的:越来越多的研究表明,通过益生菌调节宿主微生物群对健康有益。运动可增加宿主微生物群中有益微生物的数量和多样性。虽然低强度和中等强度的运动已被证明能减轻生理压力并改善免疫功能,但高强度的长时间运动会抑制免疫功能,并因肠道灌注不足而减少微生物的多样性。益生菌补充剂对运动表现的影响仍在研究中,但在作用机制、使用菌株和剂量方面仍存在问题。本综述旨在研究益生菌补充剂通过调节肠道微生物群和缓解消化道症状、促进免疫系统、营养物质的生物利用率和有氧代谢对运动表现的影响:补充益生菌可减少长时间高强度运动的不良影响,从而提高运动成绩。虽然有报道称益生菌对运动成绩有积极影响,但目前大多数研究都没有考虑到运动员微生物组和营养方面的信息。这可能限制了对补充益生菌对运动成绩影响的评估。
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing Intravenous Access for Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition. 优化长期肠外营养的静脉通路。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00534-y
Ryan T Hurt, Osman Mohamed Elfadil, Jithinraj Edakkanambeth Varayil, Sara L Bonnes, Bradley R Salonen, Manpreet S Mundi

Purpose of review: Securing safe and effective intravenous (IV) access is of utmost importance for administering parenteral nutrition (PN). Sustaining this access can indeed pose challenges, especially when dealing with the risk of complications associated with long-term PN. This review emphasizes best practices to optimize intravenous access and reviews the current evidence-based recommendations and consensus guidelines.

Recent findings: An individualized approach when selecting central venous catheters (CVC) is recommended, considering the estimated duration of need for IV access and the number of lumens needed. Established and novel approaches to minimize complications, including infection and thrombosis, are recognized. These include placement and positioning of the catheter tip under sonographic guidance and the use of antimicrobial lock therapies. Moreover, when possible, salvaging CVCs can reduce the risk of vascular access loss. CVC selection for patients requiring PN depends on several factors. Carefully reviewing an individual patient's clinical characteristics and discussing options is important. Given the increased infection risk, CVC lumens should be minimized. For long-term PN beyond 6 months, using CVCs with skin barriers and larger diameters should be considered.

审查目的:确保安全有效的静脉(IV)通路对于实施肠外营养(PN)至关重要。维持这种通路确实会带来挑战,尤其是在处理与长期肠外营养相关的并发症风险时。本综述强调了优化静脉通路的最佳实践,并回顾了当前的循证建议和共识指南:建议在选择中心静脉导管(CVC)时采用个体化方法,同时考虑到静脉通路的预计需求持续时间和所需管腔的数量。为最大限度地减少感染和血栓形成等并发症,已有的和新的方法得到了认可。这些方法包括在超声引导下放置和定位导管尖端,以及使用抗菌素锁定疗法。此外,在可能的情况下,抢救 CVC 可以降低血管通路丢失的风险。为需要 PN 的患者选择 CVC 取决于多个因素。仔细审查每位患者的临床特征并讨论各种选择非常重要。鉴于感染风险增加,应尽量减少 CVC 管腔。对于超过 6 个月的长期 PN,应考虑使用带有皮肤屏障和更大直径的 CVC。
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引用次数: 0
An Overview of the Potential Role of Nutrition in Mental Disorders in the Light of Advances in Nutripsychiatry. 从营养精神病学的进展看营养在精神障碍中的潜在作用》(An Overview of the Potential Role of Nutrition in Mental Disorders in Light of Advances in Nutripsychiatry)。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00520-4
Nursel Dal, Saniye Bilici

Purpose of review: As research on the potential impact of nutrition on mental disorders, a significant component of global disability continues to grow the concepts of "nutritional psychiatry, psycho-dietetics/nutripsychiatry" have taken their place in the literature. This review is a comprehensive examination of the literature on the the potential mechanisms between common mental disorders and nutrition and evaluates the effectiveness of dietary interventions.

Recent findings: Inflammation, oxidative stress, intestinal microbiota, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neural plasticity are shown as potential mechanisms in the relationship between mental disorders and nutrition. As a matter of fact, neurotrophic factors, which make important contributions to repair mechanisms throughout life, and neuronal plasticity, which plays a role in mental disorders, are affected by nutritional factors. In metabolism, the antioxidant defense system works with nutritional cofactors and phytochemicals. A balanced, planned diet that provides these components is more likely to provide nutrients that increase resilience against the pathogenesis of mental disorders. Nutrition can be considered a risk factor for mental disorders. Therefore, developing public health strategies focused on improving diet may help reduce the global burden of mental disorders and other related diseases.

综述的目的:营养对精神障碍(全球残疾的一个重要组成部分)的潜在影响的研究不断深入,"营养精神病学、精神饮食学/营养精神病学 "的概念已在文献中占据一席之地。本综述全面研究了常见精神疾病与营养之间的潜在机制,并评估了膳食干预措施的有效性:炎症、氧化应激、肠道微生物群、线粒体功能障碍和神经可塑性被认为是精神障碍与营养之间关系的潜在机制。事实上,神经营养因子和神经元可塑性都受到营养因素的影响,前者对整个生命过程中的修复机制做出了重要贡献,后者则在精神障碍中发挥着作用。在新陈代谢中,抗氧化防御系统与营养辅因子和植物化学物质共同发挥作用。均衡、有计划的饮食如果能提供这些成分,就更有可能提供营养物质,从而增强对精神障碍发病机制的抵御能力。营养可被视为精神障碍的一个风险因素。因此,制定以改善饮食为重点的公共卫生战略可能有助于减轻精神障碍和其他相关疾病的全球负担。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Social Media on Diet, Lifestyle, and Performance of Athletes: A Review of Current Evidence. 社交媒体对运动员饮食、生活方式和表现的影响:当前证据综述》。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00526-y
Santanu Nath, Sangita Bhattacharya, Vani Bhushanam Golla, Rajesh Kumar

Purpose of review: Social media (SM) plays an important role in providing diet and health advice to athletes, but it also carries with it a risk of credibility in the information sought for and received. The objective of this review is to assess the knowledge gap on how SM influences dietary and lifestyle practices in athletes.

Recent findings: For this, relevant literature was searched in three leading databases with appropriate keywords, which were subjected to proper scrutiny that led to inclusion of 22 articles (original research papers, reviews, viewpoints, and commentaries). The current era of digitalization has seen an over-reliance on internet and SM for nutrition and lifestyle advice for an athlete. SM has become a powerful tool in athlete's choice of food, nutrition information, healthy living, and performance, with merits and demerits. Their role in choosing dietary supplements and particular food types (e.g., ketogenic diet), body image, self-esteem and eating disorders, and in lifestyle and performance are discussed. SM should be used with caution and should not be used alone as a source of information for nutrition related pieces of advise by athletes. Any food type and supplements trending in SM should be discussed with a sports nutritionist before consumption. SM influencers having a big follower base may not always be disseminating the right knowledge on food and nutrition, thus caution should be exercised. For optimal benefit to the athlete, SM information should be in alignment with recommendations provided by sports nutrition and coaches.

审查目的:社交媒体(SM)在为运动员提供饮食和健康建议方面发挥着重要作用,但同时也存在着信息可信度的风险。本综述旨在评估有关社交媒体如何影响运动员饮食和生活方式的知识差距:为此,我们使用适当的关键词在三个主要数据库中搜索了相关文献,并对这些文献进行了适当的审查,最终纳入了 22 篇文章(原始研究论文、综述、观点和评论)。在当前的数字化时代,运动员的营养和生活方式建议过度依赖于互联网和 SM。社交媒体已成为运动员选择食物、营养信息、健康生活和成绩的有力工具,其优点和缺点并存。本文讨论了它们在选择膳食补充剂和特定食物类型(如生酮饮食)、身体形象、自尊和饮食失调以及生活方式和成绩方面的作用。应谨慎使用 SM,不应单独作为运动员营养相关建议的信息来源。任何在 SM 上流行的食物类型和补充剂都应在食用前与运动营养师进行讨论。在社交网络上拥有大量粉丝的有影响力的人不一定总能传播正确的食品和营养知识,因此应谨慎行事。为使运动员获得最佳益处,SM 信息应与运动营养和教练提供的建议保持一致。
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引用次数: 0
Obesity and Obesity-Related Thyroid Dysfunction: Any Potential Role for the Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD)? 肥胖与肥胖相关的甲状腺功能障碍:极低热量生酮饮食(VLCKD)的潜在作用?
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00528-w
Sebastián Pablo Chapela, Alison Simancas-Racines, Florencia Ceriani, Andrés Luciano Nicolas Martinuzzi, María Paula Russo, Ana Karina Zambrano, Daniel Simancas-Racines, Ludovica Verde, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Christos S Katsanos, Evelyn Frias-Toral, Luigi Barrea

Purpose of review: This review aims to explore in-depth the different aspects of the association between very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), obesity and obesity-related thyroid dysfunction.

Recent findings: The VLCKD, proposed as a non-pharmacological strategy for the management of certain chronic diseases, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. Initially used to treat epilepsy, it has been shown to be effective in controlling body weight gain and addressing various pathophysiological conditions. Research has shown that a low-calorie, high-fat diet can affect thyroid hormone levels. Weight loss can also influence thyroid hormone levels. Studies have suggested that long-term use of VLCKD for refractory epilepsy may be related to the development of hypothyroidism, with an effect seen in various populations. In particular, women with obesity following VLCKD tend to have reduced T3 levels. We propose further research to unravel the underlying mechanisms linking VLCKD to obesity and obesity-related thyroid dysfunction.

综述目的:本综述旨在深入探讨超低卡路里生酮饮食(VLCKD)、肥胖和肥胖相关甲状腺功能障碍之间的各方面关联:极低热量生酮饮食作为一种治疗某些慢性疾病的非药物疗法,在全世界越来越受欢迎。该疗法最初用于治疗癫痫,现已证明能有效控制体重增加并解决各种病理生理问题。研究表明,低热量、高脂肪饮食会影响甲状腺激素水平。减肥也会影响甲状腺激素水平。研究表明,长期使用 VLCKD 治疗难治性癫痫可能与甲状腺功能减退症的发生有关,这种影响可见于不同人群。尤其是肥胖的女性在使用 VLCKD 后,T3 水平往往会降低。我们建议开展进一步研究,以揭示VLCKD与肥胖和肥胖相关甲状腺功能障碍之间的内在机制。
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引用次数: 0
The Overlooked Association Between Nutrition and the Development of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: A Scoping Review. 被忽视的营养与急性髓性白血病发病之间的关系:范围审查》。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00522-2
Alex Rezae, Reem Fakak, Kyle G Alexander, Constantina Constantinou

Purpose of review: Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) constitutes a mere 1% of global cancer cases. This scoping review aims to investigate the association between nutrition and the development of AML, providing a foundation for future research in this field.

Recent findings: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, EBSCO, Taylor and Francis, Science Direct and Cochrane Library using specific keywords. Inclusion criteria comprised observational studies and clinical trials examining the association between nutrition and the development of AML. Articles selected for analysis were restricted to those published in English between 1990-2023, and available as full text articles. Among the twenty-five articles that were screened, only six met the criteria for data extraction. Four studies did not reveal statistically significant correlations between nutrition and the development of AML, while two studies provided evidence for significant associations. The findings indicated increased AML risk associated with (a) heightened caloric intake, consumption of white potatoes, and red meat (pork and beef) and (b) diminished consumption of vegetables, seafood, nuts, and seeds. The scarcity of comprehensive studies exploring the connection between nutrition and AML, highlights the urgent need for additional research, encompassing pre-clinical studies. This imperative is critical for enhancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the connection between diet and the aetiology of AML. Such knowledge is paramount in advancing effective strategies for both prevention and management of this significant disease.

审查目的:急性髓性白血病(AML)仅占全球癌症病例的 1%。本综述旨在研究营养与急性髓性白血病发病之间的关系,为该领域未来的研究奠定基础:使用特定关键词在 PubMed、EBSCO、Taylor and Francis、Science Direct 和 Cochrane 图书馆进行了系统检索。纳入标准包括研究营养与急性髓细胞性白血病发病之间关系的观察性研究和临床试验。被选中进行分析的文章仅限于 1990-2023 年间发表的英文文章,并以全文形式提供。在筛选出的 25 篇文章中,只有 6 篇符合数据提取标准。其中四项研究未发现营养与急性髓细胞性白血病发病之间存在统计学意义上的显著相关性,而两项研究则提供了相关性显著的证据。研究结果表明,急性髓细胞性白血病的发病风险增加与(a)热量摄入增加、食用白薯和红肉(猪肉和牛肉)以及(b)食用蔬菜、海鲜、坚果和种子减少有关。探讨营养与急性髓细胞性白血病之间关系的综合研究很少,这突出表明迫切需要开展更多的研究,包括临床前研究。这一迫切需要对于加强我们对饮食与急性髓细胞性白血病病因之间联系的分子机制的了解至关重要。这些知识对于推进这一重大疾病的有效预防和管理策略至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
The Interplay Between Dietary Choline and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Review of Current Evidence. 膳食胆碱与心脏代谢紊乱之间的相互作用:当前证据综述
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00521-3
Natalia G Vallianou, Dimitris Kounatidis, Sotiria Psallida, Fotis Panagopoulos, Theodora Stratigou, Eleni Geladari, Irene Karampela, Dimitrios Tsilingiris, Maria Dalamaga

Purpose of review: Choline is an essential nutrient for human health and cellular homeostasis as it is necessary for the synthesis of lipid cell membranes, lipoproteins, and the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The aim of this review is to analyze the beneficial effects of choline and its significance in cellular metabolism and various inflammatory pathways, such as the inflammasome. We will discuss the significance of dietary choline in cardiometabolic disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) as well as in cognitive function and associated neuropsychiatric disorders.

Recent findings: Choline deficiency has been related to the development of NAFLD and cognitive disability in the offspring as well as in adulthood. In sharp contrast, excess dietary intake of choline mediated via the increased production of trimethylamine by the gut microbiota and increased trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels has been related to atherosclerosis in most studies. In this context, CVD and CKD through the accumulation of TMAO, p-Cresyl-sulfate (pCS), and indoxyl-sulfate (IS) in serum may be the result of the interplay between excess dietary choline, the increased production of TMAO by the gut microbiota, and the resulting activation of inflammatory responses and fibrosis. A balanced diet, with no excess nor any deficiency in dietary choline, is of outmost importance regarding the prevention of cardiometabolic disorders as well as cognitive function. Large-scale studies with the use of next-generation probiotics, especially Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, should further examine their therapeutic potential in this context.

综述的目的:胆碱是合成脂质细胞膜、脂蛋白和合成神经递质乙酰胆碱所必需的物质,因此胆碱是人体健康和细胞平衡所必需的营养素。本综述旨在分析胆碱的有益作用及其在细胞新陈代谢和各种炎症通路(如炎症小体)中的重要性。我们将讨论膳食胆碱对非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)、心血管疾病(CVD)和慢性肾病(CKD)等心脏代谢疾病以及认知功能和相关神经精神疾病的意义:胆碱缺乏与非酒精性脂肪肝的发生以及后代和成年后的认知障碍有关。与此形成鲜明对比的是,在大多数研究中,通过肠道微生物群产生更多的三甲胺和增加三甲胺-N-氧化物(TMAO)水平,饮食摄入过量的胆碱与动脉粥样硬化有关。在这种情况下,血清中 TMAO、对甲酚硫酸盐(pCS)和吲哚硫酸盐(IS)的积累导致心血管疾病和慢性肾脏病,可能是膳食中胆碱过量、肠道微生物群产生的 TMAO 增加以及由此引发的炎症反应和纤维化激活之间相互作用的结果。膳食胆碱不过量也不缺乏的均衡饮食对预防心脏代谢疾病和认知功能至关重要。使用新一代益生菌(尤其是 Akkermansia muciniphila 和 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii)进行的大规模研究应进一步检验它们在这方面的治疗潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Dietary Modification Combined with Nutrition Education and Counseling for Metabolic Comorbidities in Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Clinical Practice and Research. 针对多发性硬化症代谢并发症的饮食调整与营养教育和咨询相结合:对临床实践和研究的意义。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00538-8
Shoroog Allogmanny, Yasmine Probst

Purpose of review: Metabolic comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are common to multiple sclerosis (MS) and are associated with negative outcomes of the disease. Dietary intervention has the potential to improve MS co-morbidities; thus, it is a high priority for people living with MS to self-manage their disease. The present review aimed to summarize the recent evidence on the impacts of combining dietary modification with nutrition education and counseling on managing metabolic comorbidity markers in MS.

Recent findings: Evidence suggests important roles for tailored dietary change strategies and nutrition education and counseling in managing metabolic comorbidities for MS. There is also indirect evidence suggesting a relationship between dietary fiber, the gut microbiome, and improved metabolic markers in MS, highlighting the need for more research in this area. For people living with MS, addressing both barriers and facilitators to dietary changes through behavior change techniques can help them achieve sustainable and tailored dietary behavior changes. This will support person-centered care, ultimately improving metabolic comorbidity outcomes. Metabolic comorbidities in MS are considered modifiable diseases that can be prevented and managed by changes in dietary behavior. However, the impact of targeted dietary interventions on mitigating MS-related metabolic comorbidities remains inadequately explored. Therefore, this review has provided insights into recommendations to inform future best practices in MS. Further well-designed studies based on tailored dietary strategies applying behavior change theories are needed to address the underlying determinants of dietary practice in this population.

综述的目的:肥胖、糖尿病、高血压和血脂异常等代谢合并症是多发性硬化症(MS)的常见病,与疾病的不良后果相关。饮食干预有可能改善多发性硬化症的并发症;因此,多发性硬化症患者自我管理疾病是当务之急。本综述旨在总结有关饮食调整与营养教育和咨询相结合对管理多发性硬化症代谢合并症标志物的影响的最新证据:有证据表明,量身定制的饮食改变策略以及营养教育和咨询在控制多发性硬化症代谢合并症方面发挥着重要作用。也有间接证据表明,膳食纤维、肠道微生物组和多发性硬化症代谢指标的改善之间存在关系,因此需要在这一领域开展更多研究。对于多发性硬化症患者来说,通过行为改变技术解决饮食改变的障碍和促进因素,可以帮助他们实现可持续的、量身定制的饮食行为改变。这将有助于以人为本的护理,最终改善代谢合并症的治疗效果。多发性硬化症的代谢合并症被认为是可改变的疾病,可以通过改变饮食行为来预防和控制。然而,有针对性的饮食干预对减轻多发性硬化症相关代谢并发症的影响仍未得到充分探讨。因此,本综述提供了有关建议的见解,为今后治疗多发性硬化症的最佳实践提供参考。还需要进一步开展设计良好的研究,在量身定制的饮食策略基础上应用行为改变理论,以解决该人群饮食习惯的基本决定因素。
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引用次数: 0
The Crucial Roles of Diet, Microbiota, and Postbiotics in Colorectal Cancer. 饮食、微生物群和益生元后在结直肠癌中的关键作用。
IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00525-z
Rüya Kuru-Yaşar, Özlem Üstün-Aytekin

Purpose of review: Colorectal cancer is the second deadliest cancer in the world, and its prevalence has been increasing alarmingly in recent years. After researchers discovered the existence of dysbiosis in colorectal cancer, they considered the use of probiotics in the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, for various reasons, including the low safety profile of probiotics in susceptible and immunocompromised patient5s, and the risk of developing antibiotic resistance, researchers have shifted their focus to non-living cells, their components, and metabolites. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the literature on the effects of diet, microbiota, and postbiotics on colorectal cancer and the future of postbiotics.

Recent findings: The link between diet, gut microbiota, and colorectal cancer has been established primarily as a relationship rather than a cause-effect relationship. The gut microbiota can convert gastrointestinal tract and dietary factors into either onco-metabolites or tumor suppressor metabolites. There is serious dysbiosis in the microbiota in colorectal cancer. Postbiotics appear to be promising agents in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. It has been shown that various postbiotics can selectively induce apoptosis in CRC, inhibit cell proliferation, growth, invasion, and migration, modulate the immune system, suppress carcinogenic signaling pathways, maintain intestinal epithelial integrity, and have a synergistic effect with chemotherapy drugs. However, it is also reported that some postbiotics are ineffective and may be risky in terms of safety profile in some patients. Many issues need to be researched about postbiotics. Large-scale, randomized, double-blind clinical studies are needed.

审查目的:大肠癌是世界上第二致命的癌症,近年来其发病率正以惊人的速度增长。研究人员发现大肠癌中存在菌群失调现象后,考虑使用益生菌治疗大肠癌。然而,由于各种原因,包括益生菌对易感人群和免疫力低下的患者5 的低安全性以及产生抗生素耐药性的风险,研究人员已将重点转移到非活细胞、其成分和代谢物上。本综述旨在全面评估有关饮食、微生物群和益生元后对结直肠癌的影响以及益生元后的前景的文献:饮食、肠道微生物群和结直肠癌之间的联系主要是一种关系而非因果关系。肠道微生物群可将胃肠道和饮食因素转化为抑制肿瘤的代谢物或副代谢物。结直肠癌的微生物群存在严重的菌群失调。益生菌后似乎是预防和治疗结直肠癌的有效药物。研究表明,各种益生元可以选择性地诱导 CRC 细胞凋亡,抑制细胞增殖、生长、侵袭和迁移,调节免疫系统,抑制致癌信号通路,维持肠上皮完整性,并与化疗药物产生协同作用。然而,也有报道称,一些益生菌对某些患者无效,而且在安全性方面可能存在风险。关于益生菌后的许多问题都需要研究。需要进行大规模、随机、双盲临床研究。
{"title":"The Crucial Roles of Diet, Microbiota, and Postbiotics in Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Rüya Kuru-Yaşar, Özlem Üstün-Aytekin","doi":"10.1007/s13668-024-00525-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13668-024-00525-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Colorectal cancer is the second deadliest cancer in the world, and its prevalence has been increasing alarmingly in recent years. After researchers discovered the existence of dysbiosis in colorectal cancer, they considered the use of probiotics in the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, for various reasons, including the low safety profile of probiotics in susceptible and immunocompromised patient5s, and the risk of developing antibiotic resistance, researchers have shifted their focus to non-living cells, their components, and metabolites. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the literature on the effects of diet, microbiota, and postbiotics on colorectal cancer and the future of postbiotics.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The link between diet, gut microbiota, and colorectal cancer has been established primarily as a relationship rather than a cause-effect relationship. The gut microbiota can convert gastrointestinal tract and dietary factors into either onco-metabolites or tumor suppressor metabolites. There is serious dysbiosis in the microbiota in colorectal cancer. Postbiotics appear to be promising agents in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. It has been shown that various postbiotics can selectively induce apoptosis in CRC, inhibit cell proliferation, growth, invasion, and migration, modulate the immune system, suppress carcinogenic signaling pathways, maintain intestinal epithelial integrity, and have a synergistic effect with chemotherapy drugs. However, it is also reported that some postbiotics are ineffective and may be risky in terms of safety profile in some patients. Many issues need to be researched about postbiotics. Large-scale, randomized, double-blind clinical studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10844,"journal":{"name":"Current Nutrition Reports","volume":" ","pages":"126-151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11133122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140130960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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