Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.2174/2211550111666220802162126
Deepak K. Pisote, Gowtham M, Rohit L. Choure
Fungí is eukaryotic microorganisms that may spread and cause illness on the skin, subcutaneously, and systemically. These infections can be invasive and difficult to identify at times. A patient with a damaged immune system is more likely to get a fungal infection. Long-term chemotherapy, organ transplantation, corticosteroid usage, or multidrug treatment all result in immunocompromised people. Why do immunocompromised individuals need to be treated? Because the immune system serves as an army for the human body, if it fails to protect it, foreign particles such as bacteria, fungus, and viruses assault the body, causing the patient to become immunocompromised. Candidiasis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis, and cryptococcal meningitis are the most frequent invasive fungal diseases encountered in immunocompromised people. Patients afflicted with invasive fungal infections have a significant death rate. As the number of immunocompromised patients rises, so does the number of fungal infections. In this article, we took a quick look at a few invasive fungal infections such as candidiasis, aspergillosis, and mucormycosis.
{"title":"A Brief Overview of Invasive Fungal Infections in Immunocompromised Individuals","authors":"Deepak K. Pisote, Gowtham M, Rohit L. Choure","doi":"10.2174/2211550111666220802162126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550111666220802162126","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Fungí is eukaryotic microorganisms that may spread and cause illness on the skin, subcutaneously, and systemically. These infections can be invasive and difficult to identify at times. A patient with a damaged immune system is more likely to get a fungal infection. Long-term chemotherapy, organ transplantation, corticosteroid usage, or multidrug treatment all result in immunocompromised people. Why do immunocompromised individuals need to be treated? Because the immune system serves as an army for the human body, if it fails to protect it, foreign particles such as bacteria, fungus, and viruses assault the body, causing the patient to become immunocompromised. Candidiasis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis, and cryptococcal meningitis are the most frequent invasive fungal diseases encountered in immunocompromised people. Patients afflicted with invasive fungal infections have a significant death rate. As the number of immunocompromised patients rises, so does the number of fungal infections. In this article, we took a quick look at a few invasive fungal infections such as candidiasis, aspergillosis, and mucormycosis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87305525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-17DOI: 10.2174/2211550111666220617125823
Kumchol Ri, J. Ri, Yang Gao
Drought stress limits the growth of plants and even impairs their physiological functions. Under water stress, Zoysia tenuifolia has limited biomass, plant height, and leaf length, decreased protective enzyme activity, while inducing accumulation of large amounts of osmotic regulators. If a plant is in a severely water-deprived environment, its growth is clearly inhibited and may even die. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a biostimulant, a willow extract isolated from the bark of S.babylonica, on the drought stress of Z.tenuifolia. First, the change in the content of salicylic acid was evaluated through the oxidation process by potassium permanganate after acid hydrolysis of the willow extract. Second, through leaf spraying with Z.tenuifolia, the improvement effect on drought stress according to a reasonable concentration of willow extract was observed. In this paper, it was found that oxidation of potassium permanganate after acid hydrolysis of willow extract significantly increased the content of salicylic acid, a plant growth regulator, and that leaf spray remarkably improved several physiological index of Z.tenuifolia under drought stress conditions. This study provides important information on the identification and utilization of willow resources as a safe plant protector and growth regulator, and is the first study to report on the use of these willow extracts as a source of liquid extracts as biostimulants in Z.tenuifolia cultivation.
{"title":"Treatment with Biostimulants Extracted from Salix babylonica L. Induces Drought Stress Tolerance in Zoysia tenuifolia","authors":"Kumchol Ri, J. Ri, Yang Gao","doi":"10.2174/2211550111666220617125823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550111666220617125823","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Drought stress limits the growth of plants and even impairs their physiological functions. Under water stress, Zoysia tenuifolia has limited biomass, plant height, and leaf length, decreased protective enzyme activity, while inducing accumulation of large amounts of osmotic regulators. If a plant is in a severely water-deprived environment, its growth is clearly inhibited and may even die.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a biostimulant, a willow extract isolated from the bark of S.babylonica, on the drought stress of Z.tenuifolia.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000First, the change in the content of salicylic acid was evaluated through the oxidation process by potassium permanganate after acid hydrolysis of the willow extract. Second, through leaf spraying with Z.tenuifolia, the improvement effect on drought stress according to a reasonable concentration of willow extract was observed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this paper, it was found that oxidation of potassium permanganate after acid hydrolysis of willow extract significantly increased the content of salicylic acid, a plant growth regulator, and that leaf spray remarkably improved several physiological index of Z.tenuifolia under drought stress conditions.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study provides important information on the identification and utilization of willow resources as a safe plant protector and growth regulator, and is the first study to report on the use of these willow extracts as a source of liquid extracts as biostimulants in Z.tenuifolia cultivation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87164877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.2174/2211550111666220615110914
Hira Arshad, M. Irfan, H. A. Shakir, Muhammad Khan, Sajid Ali, S. Saeed, Marcelo Franco
Lactic acid is a generally existing natural acid, which is significant because of its wide use in food and food-related ventures, pharmaceutics, the makeup sector and its ability to create biopolymers. Lactic acid is eco-friendly, can be obtained from natural crude substances utilizing different varieties of microbes, and chemically synthesized also. Taking into account the value of lactic acid, this is a brief review of methods of processing, applications, microbes and substrates required for lactic acid production.
{"title":"Microbial Production of Lactic Acid – A Review","authors":"Hira Arshad, M. Irfan, H. A. Shakir, Muhammad Khan, Sajid Ali, S. Saeed, Marcelo Franco","doi":"10.2174/2211550111666220615110914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550111666220615110914","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Lactic acid is a generally existing natural acid, which is significant because of its wide use in food and food-related ventures, pharmaceutics, the makeup sector and its ability to create biopolymers. Lactic acid is eco-friendly, can be obtained from natural crude substances utilizing different varieties of microbes, and chemically synthesized also. Taking into account the value of lactic acid, this is a brief review of methods of processing, applications, microbes and substrates required for lactic acid production.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84294765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.2174/2211550111666220615112432
Sumel Ashique, Tahamina Khatun, N. Sandhu
Pre-eclampsia is a type of hypertension that affects several organs during pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia, on the other hand, does not go away once the baby is born, but it can harm the mother and her children for years. A pre-eclamptic woman is at risk for cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and metabolic abnormalities later in life if she has pre-eclampsia. In research, children born to pre-eclamptic moms have had a variety of issues. These conditions are associated with cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, and gastrointestinal issues later in life. The purpose of this study is to learn more about the long-term impact of pre-eclampsia on both mothers and children. Pregnancy and postpartum offer a unique window of opportunity for screening and intervention for both mother and child in the interests of health maintenance and disease prevention.
{"title":"Preeclampsia : Long Term Prognosis in Mother and Their Children","authors":"Sumel Ashique, Tahamina Khatun, N. Sandhu","doi":"10.2174/2211550111666220615112432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550111666220615112432","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Pre-eclampsia is a type of hypertension that affects several organs during pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia, on the other hand, does not go away once the baby is born, but it can harm the mother and her children for years. A pre-eclamptic woman is at risk for cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and metabolic abnormalities later in life if she has pre-eclampsia. In research, children born to pre-eclamptic moms have had a variety of issues. These conditions are associated with cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, and gastrointestinal issues later in life. The purpose of this study is to learn more about the long-term impact of pre-eclampsia on both mothers and children. Pregnancy and postpartum offer a unique window of opportunity for screening and intervention for both mother and child in the interests of health maintenance and disease prevention.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85634567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-13DOI: 10.2174/2211550111666220613143422
R. Verma, Meenakshi Pal Bagel
Food additives act as preventive measures and promote a healthy immune response against pathogenic diseases. There are several functional food additives with antiviral potential that are part of our daily food supplements, which can be exploited to improve the immunity of the human being during the pandemic of Covid-19. For the development of this literature, an extensive database search using the scientific databases and Google Scholar, as well as commercial search engines such as Google, Google Patent and Patent Scope to search for commercial and patentable applications. Food additives such as Phyllanthus emblica, Long pepper, Cinnamon, Turmeric, Cardamom, Ginger, Garlic, Holy basil, and liquorice are used in traditional cultures as preventative treatments. The phytocompounds extracted from these food additives are immune modulators against various pathogenic inflammations. Enhancing the immune response and boosting health are the benefits of these food additives. The phytocompounds extracted from food additives such as Phyllanthus emblica, Long pepper, Cinnamon, Turmeric, Cardamom, Ginger, Garlic, Holy basil, and liquorice are immune modulators against various pathogenic inflammations. The research literature and reputable sources online confirm that functional food additives in a regular diet may help cure Covid-19 disease. It is necessary to conduct scientific research to determine the effectiveness of food additives. The majority of diseases are caused by metabolic disorders. It is clear that the diet plays a major role in controlling the inflammation associated with diseases and metabolic disorders. There are still a lack of phytochemical screenings and their interaction with metabolism. This effort will help the science community to think outside of the box of medicine.
{"title":"Role of Functional Food Additives to Regulate the Immune Response to Covid-19","authors":"R. Verma, Meenakshi Pal Bagel","doi":"10.2174/2211550111666220613143422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550111666220613143422","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Food additives act as preventive measures and promote a healthy immune response against pathogenic diseases. There are several functional food additives with antiviral potential that are part of our daily food supplements, which can be exploited to improve the immunity of the human being during the pandemic of Covid-19.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000For the development of this literature, an extensive database search using the scientific databases and Google Scholar, as well as commercial search engines such as Google, Google Patent and Patent Scope to search for commercial and patentable applications.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Food additives such as Phyllanthus emblica, Long pepper, Cinnamon, Turmeric, Cardamom, Ginger, Garlic, Holy basil, and liquorice are used in traditional cultures as preventative treatments. The phytocompounds extracted from these food additives are immune modulators against various pathogenic inflammations. Enhancing the immune response and boosting health are the benefits of these food additives.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The phytocompounds extracted from food additives such as Phyllanthus emblica, Long pepper, Cinnamon, Turmeric, Cardamom, Ginger, Garlic, Holy basil, and liquorice are immune modulators against various pathogenic inflammations. The research literature and reputable sources online confirm that functional food additives in a regular diet may help cure Covid-19 disease. It is necessary to conduct scientific research to determine the effectiveness of food additives.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The majority of diseases are caused by metabolic disorders. It is clear that the diet plays a major role in controlling the inflammation associated with diseases and metabolic disorders. There are still a lack of phytochemical screenings and their interaction with metabolism. This effort will help the science community to think outside of the box of medicine.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87760744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.2174/2211550111666220517095527
Shobana A, Priyadharshini Am, Yogalakshmi Manoharan, Gowri Shankar Bagavananthem Andavan
Psoralea corylifolia and Mimusops elengi could be a source for new bioactive compounds for treating filariasis Psoralea corylifolia and Mimusops elengi. These plants are rich in medicinally and phytochemically has been proved. These plants played an important role in ancient medicine for the treatments of various ailments and especially against many helminths. Psoralea corylifolia and Mimusops elengi could be a source for new bioactive compounds for treating filariasis. 20g of dried powder of Psoralea corylifolia and Mimusops elengi were extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus using various solvents like methanol, chloroform, acetone and water for about 30 cycles and then concentrated using a rotary evaporator and stored at 4 °C in air tight containers. It is effective against Setaria cervi at 100 and 200 µg respectively. In-vitro studies have been done for the respective compounds. Homology models of Glutathione S transferase, Chitinase and Transglutaminase were constructed using MODELLER v9.20 (Accelrys). The results from the in vitro studies were confirmed by TLC and GC MS analysis of the extracts which showed the presence of different phytochemical compounds in the extracts. Among the compounds identified in GC MS 7,10-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester, 2-Nonadecanone2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, Aspidospermidin-17-ol, 1-acetyl-19,21-epoxy-15,16-dimethoxy-, 9- (2’,2’-Dimethylpropanihydrozano)-3,6 dichloro-2,7-bis-[2-(diethylamino)-ethoxy] fluorine, 2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-(3,8,12,16-tetramethyl-heptadeca-3,7,11,15-tetraenyl)-cyclohexanol were docked against crystallised bioactive compounds. As a result of this study, it was concluded that arresting these proteins will help in arresting the growth and multiplication of parasites, thus leading to the development of a new anti-filarial drug.
{"title":"Molecular Modelling and Docking Analysis of Filarial Targets by using New Lead Compounds identified from Psoralea corylifolia and Mimusops elengi","authors":"Shobana A, Priyadharshini Am, Yogalakshmi Manoharan, Gowri Shankar Bagavananthem Andavan","doi":"10.2174/2211550111666220517095527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550111666220517095527","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Psoralea corylifolia and Mimusops elengi could be a source for new bioactive compounds for treating filariasis Psoralea corylifolia and Mimusops elengi. These plants are rich in medicinally and phytochemically has been proved. These plants played an important role in ancient medicine for the treatments of various ailments and especially against many helminths.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Psoralea corylifolia and Mimusops elengi could be a source for new bioactive compounds for treating filariasis. 20g of dried powder of Psoralea corylifolia and Mimusops elengi were extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus using various solvents like methanol, chloroform, acetone and water for about 30 cycles and then concentrated using a rotary evaporator and stored at 4 °C in air tight containers. It is effective against Setaria cervi at 100 and 200 µg respectively. In-vitro studies have been done for the respective compounds. Homology models of Glutathione S transferase, Chitinase and Transglutaminase were constructed using MODELLER v9.20 (Accelrys).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results from the in vitro studies were confirmed by TLC and GC MS analysis of the extracts which showed the presence of different phytochemical compounds in the extracts. Among the compounds identified in GC MS 7,10-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester, 2-Nonadecanone2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, Aspidospermidin-17-ol, 1-acetyl-19,21-epoxy-15,16-dimethoxy-, 9- (2’,2’-Dimethylpropanihydrozano)-3,6 dichloro-2,7-bis-[2-(diethylamino)-ethoxy] fluorine, 2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-(3,8,12,16-tetramethyl-heptadeca-3,7,11,15-tetraenyl)-cyclohexanol were docked against crystallised bioactive compounds.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000As a result of this study, it was concluded that arresting these proteins will help in arresting the growth and multiplication of parasites, thus leading to the development of a new anti-filarial drug.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91038879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-28DOI: 10.2174/2211550111666220428105504
Soamyaa Srivastava
Antibiotics come into the picture when the natural defense system of the body fails to fight against the pathogen. However, the over usage of antibiotics in the last few decades has led to the development of resistant strains that may be fatal to the human race as they are not easily treatable. The misuse and several inappropriate usages have caused genetic mutations in bacterial cells to adapt to the antibiotic environment. Several mechanisms are developed for the organism to thrive and be resistant to conventional treatment processes. The review discusses the possible mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and measures to overcome this problem worldwide.
{"title":"An Outrage: The Mechanism of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Microorganisms","authors":"Soamyaa Srivastava","doi":"10.2174/2211550111666220428105504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550111666220428105504","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Antibiotics come into the picture when the natural defense system of the body fails to fight against the pathogen. However, the over usage of antibiotics in the last few decades has led to the development of resistant strains that may be fatal to the human race as they are not easily treatable. The misuse and several inappropriate usages have caused genetic mutations in bacterial cells to adapt to the antibiotic environment. Several mechanisms are developed for the organism to thrive and be resistant to conventional treatment processes. The review discusses the possible mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and measures to overcome this problem worldwide.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84578305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-28DOI: 10.2174/2211550111666220428113114
L. M. Behera, Saubhagya Subhadarsini Sahoo, Somanath Baral, Rabindra Nayak, Abhishek Sahu, Rutumbara Dash, Ankit Srivastava, B. P. Jit, Biswajita Pradhan
Rapid global modernization, urbanization, industrialization, and frequent natural processes release toxic heavy metals into the environment such as mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and selenium (Se). In the present scenario, soil and water ecosystems are the main environmental alarms. The remediation of contaminated soils and water ecosystems with appropriate approaches is urgently needed. Physical remediation strategies are conventional, expensive, and nonspecific. Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly and fast-growing approach that are accomplished because of uptake of large quantities of toxic heavy metals from the environment. Since, plants are slow-growing and have low biomass that urgently needs to be bioengineered for high biomass. On the other hand, biotechnology helps to identify and isolate the specific gene coding for heavy metal resistance tolerance in plants. Moreover, molecular cloning and the manifestation of heavy metal accumulator genes and degrading enzyme coding genes displayed enhanced remediation rates, which will make the process for large-scale application to remediate faster contamination soils and water. This review has prominence on biotechnological methods and strategies for remediation of heavy metals and metalloid containment from environments. Furthermore, it focuses on the improvements and implications of phytoremediation as well as their operations and applications to clean up toxic pollutants from environments and to improve phytoremediation efficiency to tolerate different heavy metal pollutants highlights future challenges.
{"title":"Role of Phytoremediation in Enhancing Heavy Metals Tolerance: A Novel Biotechnological Approach","authors":"L. M. Behera, Saubhagya Subhadarsini Sahoo, Somanath Baral, Rabindra Nayak, Abhishek Sahu, Rutumbara Dash, Ankit Srivastava, B. P. Jit, Biswajita Pradhan","doi":"10.2174/2211550111666220428113114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550111666220428113114","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Rapid global modernization, urbanization, industrialization, and frequent natural processes release toxic heavy metals into the environment such as mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and selenium (Se). In the present scenario, soil and water ecosystems are the main environmental alarms. The remediation of contaminated soils and water ecosystems with appropriate approaches is urgently needed. Physical remediation strategies are conventional, expensive, and nonspecific. Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly and fast-growing approach that are accomplished because of uptake of large quantities of toxic heavy metals from the environment. Since, plants are slow-growing and have low biomass that urgently needs to be bioengineered for high biomass. On the other hand, biotechnology helps to identify and isolate the specific gene coding for heavy metal resistance tolerance in plants. Moreover, molecular cloning and the manifestation of heavy metal accumulator genes and degrading enzyme coding genes displayed enhanced remediation rates, which will make the process for large-scale application to remediate faster contamination soils and water. This review has prominence on biotechnological methods and strategies for remediation of heavy metals and metalloid containment from environments. Furthermore, it focuses on the improvements and implications of phytoremediation as well as their operations and applications to clean up toxic pollutants from environments and to improve phytoremediation efficiency to tolerate different heavy metal pollutants highlights future challenges.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79521729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-05DOI: 10.2174/2211550111666220405133558
D. Shrestha, Prabha Sharma, Anisha Pandey, K. Dhakal, Rameswor Baral, A. Adhikari
Essential oils (EOs) are a mixture of volatile compounds of plant origin, which possess substantial biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activity. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of essential oil isolated from Cymbopogon winterianusJowitt. The hydro-distillation method was used for the isolation of essential oil. The chemical composition of the isolated essential oil was analyzed using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Antioxidant activity was determined using2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, and the IC50 value was calculated. The well-diffusion method was applied for the antibacterial activity, and the zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured. The essential oil from Cymbopogon winterianusJowitt was isolated with a 0.5% yield. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS) analysis reported 19 different compounds, out of which, Geraniol (28.87%), Citronellal (11.85%), Citronellol (10.88%), Geranial (9.19%), trans-Geranyl acetate (9.11%), and Neral (8.02%) were found to be the major constituents. The essential oil was a promising antioxidant with an IC50 value of 0.458±0.39µg/mL compared to the standard Quercetin 1.187±0.22µg/mL.In addition, the isolated essential oil revealed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI=13.2mm), Bacillus subtilis (ZOI=9.9mm), and Enterococcus faecalis (ZOI=8.4mm). The essential oil isolated from Cymbopogon winterianusJowittexhibits antioxidant and antibacterial activity, implying that it could find use in modern medicine.
{"title":"Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Essential oil of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt (Citronella) from Western Nepal","authors":"D. Shrestha, Prabha Sharma, Anisha Pandey, K. Dhakal, Rameswor Baral, A. Adhikari","doi":"10.2174/2211550111666220405133558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550111666220405133558","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Essential oils (EOs) are a mixture of volatile compounds of plant origin, which possess substantial biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of essential oil isolated from Cymbopogon winterianusJowitt.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The hydro-distillation method was used for the isolation of essential oil. The chemical composition of the isolated essential oil was analyzed using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Antioxidant activity was determined using2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, and the IC50 value was calculated. The well-diffusion method was applied for the antibacterial activity, and the zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The essential oil from Cymbopogon winterianusJowitt was isolated with a 0.5% yield. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS) analysis reported 19 different compounds, out of which, Geraniol (28.87%), Citronellal (11.85%), Citronellol (10.88%), Geranial (9.19%), trans-Geranyl acetate (9.11%), and Neral (8.02%) were found to be the major constituents. The essential oil was a promising antioxidant with an IC50 value of 0.458±0.39µg/mL compared to the standard Quercetin 1.187±0.22µg/mL.In addition, the isolated essential oil revealed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI=13.2mm), Bacillus subtilis (ZOI=9.9mm), and Enterococcus faecalis (ZOI=8.4mm).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The essential oil isolated from Cymbopogon winterianusJowittexhibits antioxidant and antibacterial activity, implying that it could find use in modern medicine.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81618515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-29DOI: 10.2174/2211550111666220329183309
R. G. Shinde, V. P. Patel, S. D. Gundgole, S. Dhumale, S. D. Dhole
Lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects the body's immune system, heterogeneous, and inflammatory autoimmune diseases. These diseases, affect multiple tissues and organs. The most frequent kind of lupus is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is an autoimmune illness in which the immune system targets the body's own tissues, resulting in extensive inflammation and tissue destruction in the organs involved. Joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, and blood vessels can all be affected. It examines to be B-cell disease in which autoantibodies attack the cells themselves. Systemic lupus erythematosus autoimmune diseases involve different treatment methods. These abnormalities are due to the presence of autoantibodies, and these autoantibodies contribute to the degeneration of our immune system. In this review, we will focus on various therapies including SLE treatments, such as B-cell therapy, cytokine therapy, interferon targets, and anticomplementary therapies, all of which have become challenging. We will also discuss post-marketing use and ongoing clinical trials, as well as safety and effective doses.
{"title":"A Current Review of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatment Using Monoclonal Antibodies","authors":"R. G. Shinde, V. P. Patel, S. D. Gundgole, S. Dhumale, S. D. Dhole","doi":"10.2174/2211550111666220329183309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550111666220329183309","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects the body's immune system, heterogeneous, and inflammatory autoimmune diseases. These diseases, affect multiple tissues and organs. The most frequent kind of lupus is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is an autoimmune illness in which the immune system targets the body's own tissues, resulting in extensive inflammation and tissue destruction in the organs involved. Joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, and blood vessels can all be affected. It examines to be B-cell disease in which autoantibodies attack the cells themselves. Systemic lupus erythematosus autoimmune diseases involve different treatment methods. These abnormalities are due to the presence of autoantibodies, and these autoantibodies contribute to the degeneration of our immune system. In this review, we will focus on various therapies including SLE treatments, such as B-cell therapy, cytokine therapy, interferon targets, and anticomplementary therapies, all of which have become challenging. We will also discuss post-marketing use and ongoing clinical trials, as well as safety and effective doses.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83116870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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