Pub Date : 2021-07-20DOI: 10.2174/2211550110666210720125746
R. Pal, Nikita Saraswat, P. Wal, A. Wal, Y. Pal, Rachana Yadav
Diabetes mellitus is a complex, chronic metabolic disease, with heterogeneous etiology and risk factors at the social level and behavioral, environmental, and genetic susceptibility. There are numerous traditional medicinal plants reported having hypoglycemic properties such as Allium sativum (Garlic), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Punica granatum (Anar), Trigonella foenum (Fenugreek), Momordica charantia (Bitter gourd), Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi). The use and delivery of herbal medicine as a dosage form in treating and preventing diseases has a long history started with use in Mesopotamia in 2600 B.C. Although the oldest record on the practice of medicinal plants for drug preparation was engraved on a Sumerian clay slab, created over 5,000 years ago. The use of medicinal plants is still continuing in this modern era, and it has been estimated that approximately one-fourth of prescription medicines worldwide are derived from plants. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of Ethanolic extract of leaves of Punica granatum, Beta vulgaris, and Azadirachta Indica in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The use of herbal products is not only limited to dietary uses, such as food, nutrition, etc., it has a distinct role in the remedy of several diseases. Animals were induced with diabetes using Alloxan and then were observed on basis of numerous parameters to access the induction and control of diabetes in comparison to all groups. The animal received dosing of Herbal extracts in treated groups and were checked for Fasting blood glucose. Neurobehavioral studies & weight of all animals checked on 7,14,21,28 days after induction of diabetes. The results proved that the herbal extract of the powder was anti-diabetic in action. The herbal extract must be tested for the phyto-constituents and the active constituent must be isolated to perform research on humans.
{"title":"Antidiabetic Action Of Polyherbal Ethanolic Extract In Alloxan Induced Diabetic In Wistar Rats","authors":"R. Pal, Nikita Saraswat, P. Wal, A. Wal, Y. Pal, Rachana Yadav","doi":"10.2174/2211550110666210720125746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550110666210720125746","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Diabetes mellitus is a complex, chronic metabolic disease, with heterogeneous etiology and risk factors at the social level and behavioral, environmental, and genetic susceptibility. There are numerous traditional medicinal plants reported having hypoglycemic properties such as Allium sativum (Garlic), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Punica granatum (Anar), Trigonella foenum (Fenugreek), Momordica charantia (Bitter gourd), Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi). The use and delivery of herbal medicine as a dosage form in treating and preventing diseases has a long history started with use in Mesopotamia in 2600 B.C. Although the oldest record on the practice of medicinal plants for drug preparation was engraved on a Sumerian clay slab, created over 5,000 years ago. The use of medicinal plants is still continuing in this modern era, and it has been estimated that approximately one-fourth of prescription medicines worldwide are derived from plants. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of Ethanolic extract of leaves of Punica granatum, Beta vulgaris, and Azadirachta Indica in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The use of herbal products is not only limited to dietary uses, such as food, nutrition, etc., it has a distinct role in the remedy of several diseases. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Animals were induced with diabetes using Alloxan and then were observed on basis of numerous parameters to access the induction and control of diabetes in comparison to all groups. The animal received dosing of Herbal extracts in treated groups and were checked for Fasting blood glucose. Neurobehavioral studies & weight of all animals checked on 7,14,21,28 days after induction of diabetes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results proved that the herbal extract of the powder was anti-diabetic in action.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The herbal extract must be tested for the phyto-constituents and the active constituent must be isolated to perform research on humans.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86793804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-20DOI: 10.2174/2211550110666210720123414
F. M. Olajuyigbe, Ademola K. Oduwole, Cornelius O. Fatokun
Lignin confers rigidity on plant cell wall and poses a challenge to hydrolysis of cellulose, which makes production of biofuels from lignocellulose an overwhelming problem. This prompts continuous search for novel ligninolytic enzymes, especially, laccases for delignification of lignocellulose for improved saccharification of biomass. This study reports production, physicochemical properties and delignification efficiency of laccases from Penicillium and Trichoderma species on untreated wheat bran. Fungal laccases were produced using different agroresidues (wheat bran, coconut shell and palm kernel shell) as substrates in submerged fermentation. Best substrate for laccase production was determined. Physicochemical properties of crude enzymes and delignification efficiency of the laccases were determined on untreated wheat bran using pure laccase as control. Wheat bran supported maximum laccase production from fungi under study. Highest laccase yield of 22.5 U/mL was obtained from P. spinulosum. Laccase from P. spinulosum was optimally active at pH 7.0 and 50 °C and exhibited remarkable high thermostability with 61.6% residual activity at 90 °C after 2 h incubation. The activity of the thermostable enzyme was enhanced in the presence of Cu2+. Biodelignification efficiency of cell-free extract from P. spinulosum, T. koningii, and P. restrictum on wheat bran were 95%, 81.5% and 63.5%, respectively. Surprisingly, a much lower delignification efficiency of 33.42% was obtained with commercial laccase from Trametes versicolor. The high thermostability and striking delignification efficiency of laccase from P. spinulosum make the enzyme a good bioresource for biodelignification of untreated lignocellulose for biofuel production.
{"title":"Production of Highly Thermostable Laccase from Penicillium spinulosum for Enhanced Delignification of Untreated Wheat Bran","authors":"F. M. Olajuyigbe, Ademola K. Oduwole, Cornelius O. Fatokun","doi":"10.2174/2211550110666210720123414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550110666210720123414","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Lignin confers rigidity on plant cell wall and poses a challenge to hydrolysis of cellulose, which makes production of biofuels from lignocellulose an overwhelming problem. This prompts continuous search for novel ligninolytic enzymes, especially, laccases for delignification of lignocellulose for improved saccharification of biomass.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study reports production, physicochemical properties and delignification efficiency of laccases from Penicillium and Trichoderma species on untreated wheat bran. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Fungal laccases were produced using different agroresidues (wheat bran, coconut shell and palm kernel shell) as substrates in submerged fermentation. Best substrate for laccase production was determined. Physicochemical properties of crude enzymes and delignification efficiency of the laccases were determined on untreated wheat bran using pure laccase as control. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Wheat bran supported maximum laccase production from fungi under study. Highest laccase yield of 22.5 U/mL was obtained from P. spinulosum. Laccase from P. spinulosum was optimally active at pH 7.0 and 50 °C and exhibited remarkable high thermostability with 61.6% residual activity at 90 °C after 2 h incubation. The activity of the thermostable enzyme was enhanced in the presence of Cu2+. Biodelignification efficiency of cell-free extract from P. spinulosum, T. koningii, and P. restrictum on wheat bran were 95%, 81.5% and 63.5%, respectively. Surprisingly, a much lower delignification efficiency of 33.42% was obtained with commercial laccase from Trametes versicolor. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The high thermostability and striking delignification efficiency of laccase from P. spinulosum make the enzyme a good bioresource for biodelignification of untreated lignocellulose for biofuel production.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"326 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76346937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-17DOI: 10.2174/2211550110666210617093954
S. Malik, Tehreem Malik
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a self-renewing and multipotent population of cells, have proved to be a potential regenerative medical therapy option. Initially, it was assumed that the primary mechanism behind MSCs action was cell substitution by differentiation and engraftment at the injury site. However, recent trials have demonstrated that implanted cells do not last long and that the benefits of MSCs therapy may be triggered by a wide number of bioactive factors that are essential for regulating main biological processes. Thus, supporting the paracrine mechanism of action of MSCs. Application of secretome could eliminate the potential risk factors associated with MSCs transplantation, like the unknown fate of cells after transplantation, malignant transformation, and undesired differentiation of MSCs. However, the use of a secretome might not give long-lasting and desired results. Thus, it may intuitively suggest the need for other treatment options. The cellular lysate is considered as an alternate cell-free treatment strategy for the cure of multiple disorders. The present review describes the MSCs secretome/extracellular vesicles and MSCs lysate, derived from bone marrow and adipose, as a cell-free therapy with the application of MSCs lysate for various diseases during the period 2010 to 2020. Moreover, it also highlights the advantages and limitations of each cell-free therapy.
{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells Lysate as a Cell-Free Therapy","authors":"S. Malik, Tehreem Malik","doi":"10.2174/2211550110666210617093954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550110666210617093954","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a self-renewing and multipotent population of cells, have proved to be a potential regenerative medical therapy option. Initially, it was assumed that the primary mechanism behind MSCs action was cell substitution by differentiation and engraftment at the injury site. However, recent trials have demonstrated that implanted cells do not last long and that the benefits of MSCs therapy may be triggered by a wide number of bioactive factors that are essential for regulating main biological processes. Thus, supporting the paracrine mechanism of action of MSCs. Application of secretome could eliminate the potential risk factors associated with MSCs transplantation, like the unknown fate of cells after transplantation, malignant transformation, and undesired differentiation of MSCs. However, the use of a secretome might not give long-lasting and desired results. Thus, it may intuitively suggest the need for other treatment options. The cellular lysate is considered as an alternate cell-free treatment strategy for the cure of multiple disorders. The present review describes the MSCs secretome/extracellular vesicles and MSCs lysate, derived from bone marrow and adipose, as a cell-free therapy with the application of MSCs lysate for various diseases during the period 2010 to 2020. Moreover, it also highlights the advantages and limitations of each cell-free therapy. \u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84689002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.2174/2211550110666210603105630
J. Lasquite, Brendaline C. Enopia, Roger Francis E. Senangote, Danilo C. Sabarre Jr., Camila Flor Yagonia-Lobarbio
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) has applications in pharmaceutical, environmental, and food industries, however, conventional techniques for its purification are considered costly and laborious. Alternative methods of purification are needed. This study explored the use of an alcohol/salt-based aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) to partially purify PPO from mango seed kernel (MSK). Specifically, this study determined the effects of 1-propanol/potassium phosphate buffer mass ratio on the partition parameters such as partition coefficients, activity recovery, and purification fold. The enzyme partition coefficient (K E ) was greater than 1, which signified that more PPO was partitioned in the top phase due to its hydrophobic nature. Specifically, the 3.22 1-propanol/PPB mass ratio had the highest K E of 1.91 ± 0.16 and 1.46 ± 0.16 for runs 1 and 2, respectively. Moreover, the same mass ratio led to the highest activity recovery in the top phase reaching up to 73.99 ± 1.56% for run 1 and 64.27 ± 2.48% for run 2. In terms of purification fold, runs 1 and 2 had PF values of 0.55 ± 0.05 and 0.70 ± 0.01, respectively. Since the values obtained were low due to the large number of contaminants extracted together with the target enzyme in the top phase, the use of a back-extraction step recovered the PPO in the bottom phase and resulted in an activity recovery of 82.94 ± 1.05% and a purification fold of 7.01 ± 0.95. Results have shown that varying the mass ratio had significant effects on the partition parameters.
{"title":"Partial Purification of Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) from Mango Seed Kernel (MSK) using Alcohol/Salt-based Aqueous Two-Phase System (ATPS)","authors":"J. Lasquite, Brendaline C. Enopia, Roger Francis E. Senangote, Danilo C. Sabarre Jr., Camila Flor Yagonia-Lobarbio","doi":"10.2174/2211550110666210603105630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550110666210603105630","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000 Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) has applications in pharmaceutical, environmental, and food\u0000industries, however, conventional techniques for its purification are considered costly and laborious.\u0000Alternative methods of purification are needed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 This study explored the use of an alcohol/salt-based aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) to\u0000partially purify PPO from mango seed kernel (MSK). Specifically, this study determined the effects\u0000of 1-propanol/potassium phosphate buffer mass ratio on the partition parameters such as partition\u0000coefficients, activity recovery, and purification fold.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The enzyme partition coefficient (K E ) was greater than 1, which signified that more PPO was partitioned in the top phase due to its hydrophobic nature. Specifically, the 3.22 1-propanol/PPB\u0000mass ratio had the highest K E of 1.91 ± 0.16 and 1.46 ± 0.16 for runs 1 and 2, respectively. Moreover,\u0000the same mass ratio led to the highest activity recovery in the top phase reaching up to 73.99 ±\u00001.56% for run 1 and 64.27 ± 2.48% for run 2. In terms of purification fold, runs 1 and 2 had PF\u0000values of 0.55 ± 0.05 and 0.70 ± 0.01, respectively. Since the values obtained were low due to the\u0000large number of contaminants extracted together with the target enzyme in the top phase, the use of a\u0000back-extraction step recovered the PPO in the bottom phase and resulted in an activity recovery of\u000082.94 ± 1.05% and a purification fold of 7.01 ± 0.95.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Results have shown that varying the mass ratio had significant effects on the partition\u0000parameters.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83691688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-28DOI: 10.2174/221155011001210408145058
Targon Campana Patricia
Dr. Patricia Campana graduated with a degree in physics from the University of São Paulo in 1995. She obtained a master's degree in 1998 and a doctorate degree in 2002 in sciences, with an emphasis on experimental physics from the University of São Paulo. Currently, she serves as an assistant professor at the School of Arts, Sciences, and Humanities at the University of São Paulo. She coordinates the Biomaterials and Spectroscopy Group, which takes care of projects involving the development of biomaterials. The group uses the techniques of electrospinning, salt leaching, and thermally-induced phase separation. Furthermore, the group performs conformational studies of polymers and biopolymers by fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and Raman optical activity with potential application in the development of biomaterials.
Patricia Campana博士于1995年毕业于圣保罗大学(University of Paulo)，获得物理学学位。她于1998年获得科学硕士学位，并于2002年获得科学博士学位，重点是圣保罗大学实验物理学。目前，她是圣保罗大学艺术、科学和人文学院的助理教授。她负责协调生物材料和光谱学小组，该小组负责涉及生物材料开发的项目。该小组使用了静电纺丝、盐浸和热诱导相分离技术。此外，该小组通过荧光光谱，圆二色性和拉曼光学活性对聚合物和生物聚合物进行构象研究，并在生物材料的开发中具有潜在的应用前景。
{"title":"Meet Our Associate Editorial Board Member","authors":"Targon Campana Patricia","doi":"10.2174/221155011001210408145058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/221155011001210408145058","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Patricia Campana graduated with a degree in physics from the University of São Paulo in 1995. She obtained a master's degree in 1998 and a doctorate degree in 2002 in sciences, with an emphasis on experimental physics from the University of São Paulo. Currently, she serves as an assistant professor at the School of Arts, Sciences, and Humanities at the University of São Paulo. She coordinates the Biomaterials and Spectroscopy Group, which takes care of projects involving the development of biomaterials. The group uses the techniques of electrospinning, salt leaching, and thermally-induced phase separation. Furthermore, the group performs conformational studies of polymers and biopolymers by fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and Raman optical activity with potential application in the development of biomaterials.","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83018507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-24DOI: 10.2174/2211550110666210224095929
V. Kumar, G. Yadav, B. Banerjee
The current SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has raised serious concerns regarding the inefficiency of available diagnostic methods for rapid and efficient detection of the disease. It is agreed widely that Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and antibody-based assays have several limitations that did not help much in preventing the exponential spread of the disease in a short span of period. Unarguably, the world needs “new-generation diagnostic intervention(s)” against rapidly spreading disease like SARS-CoV-2. We have presented an aptamer-based strategy as a possible point of care testing for the diagnosis of the disease. It has several advantages over current tools available and can be used for efficient combating by the mean of quick,cost-effective and much more accurate diagnostic against the enigmatic SARS-CoV-2 disease and similar pandemic which world may possibly encounter in the future.
{"title":"Aptamer Based Diagnosis: A Cost-Effective and Suitable Point of Care Testing Method Against SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARs-CoV-2) and Other Rapidly Spreading Diseases","authors":"V. Kumar, G. Yadav, B. Banerjee","doi":"10.2174/2211550110666210224095929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550110666210224095929","url":null,"abstract":"The current SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has raised serious concerns regarding the inefficiency of available diagnostic methods for rapid and efficient detection of the disease. It is agreed widely that Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and antibody-based assays have several limitations that did not help much in preventing the exponential spread of the disease in a short span of period. Unarguably, the world needs “new-generation diagnostic intervention(s)” against rapidly spreading disease like SARS-CoV-2. We have presented an aptamer-based strategy as a possible point of care testing for the diagnosis of the disease. It has several advantages over current tools available and can be used for efficient combating by the mean of quick,cost-effective and much more accurate diagnostic against the enigmatic SARS-CoV-2 disease and similar pandemic which world may possibly encounter in the future.","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82722063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-17DOI: 10.2174/2211550110666210217105112
B. Ostash
Many taxa within class Actinobacteria, most notably genus Streptomyces, are known for the abundant presence of specialized biosynthetic pathways that convert essential cellular metabolites (amino acids, acyl moieties, such as acetyl-CoA, nucleotides etc.) into diverse natural products (NPs). NPs remain one of the pillars of modern pharmaceutical industry, and use of NPs as antibiotics is perhaps the most notable example of the commercial success of NPs. Nowadays, as humankind faces a formidable challenge to counter the rise of antimicrobial resistance and viral infections, there is renewed interest in streptomycetes as a source of novel NPs. This prompted the investigation of a variety of approaches to discover novel NPs and to improve the production of known ones. The focus of this review is on the use of regulatory genes to discover novel NPs. The two-layered scheme of regulation of NP biosynthesis is described and terms referring to cryptic NP gene cluster are detailed. Major players in global regulatory network are described as well as how their manipulation may be used to access the secondary metabolomes of Streptomyces and Actinobacteria in general. The value of studying the NP regulation in the era of synthetic biology is summarized in the last section.
{"title":"Pleiotropic Regulatory Genes as A Tool for Streptomyces Strains Bioprospecting and Improvement","authors":"B. Ostash","doi":"10.2174/2211550110666210217105112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550110666210217105112","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Many taxa within class Actinobacteria, most notably genus Streptomyces, are known for\u0000the abundant presence of specialized biosynthetic pathways that convert essential cellular metabolites\u0000(amino acids, acyl moieties, such as acetyl-CoA, nucleotides etc.) into diverse natural products\u0000(NPs). NPs remain one of the pillars of modern pharmaceutical industry, and use of NPs as\u0000antibiotics is perhaps the most notable example of the commercial success of NPs. Nowadays, as\u0000humankind faces a formidable challenge to counter the rise of antimicrobial resistance and viral infections,\u0000there is renewed interest in streptomycetes as a source of novel NPs. This prompted the investigation\u0000of a variety of approaches to discover novel NPs and to improve the production of\u0000known ones. The focus of this review is on the use of regulatory genes to discover novel NPs. The\u0000two-layered scheme of regulation of NP biosynthesis is described and terms referring to cryptic NP\u0000gene cluster are detailed. Major players in global regulatory network are described as well as how\u0000their manipulation may be used to access the secondary metabolomes of Streptomyces and Actinobacteria\u0000in general. The value of studying the NP regulation in the era of synthetic biology is\u0000summarized in the last section.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85385379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-17DOI: 10.2174/2211550110666210217104806
Shalini Sanyal, S. Law
The ocular surface, which is constantly exposed to the external environment, is one of the most sensitive zones and any complications which have a detrimental impact on it leading to re-duced vision and/or blindness, severely impact the quality of life. The most commonly afflicted parts of the eye are the conjunctiva, eyelid, and cornea due to their position. Since the eye is moder-ately susceptible to microbial infection from bacteria, fungi or even viruses;there has been much speculation about whether or not the novel coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to ocular disor-ders. Given the high rate of transmission for this disease, it is of great importance to evaluate the risk of disease communication from the eye, such as by conjunctival and/ lacrimal discharge. While there are many articles on the topic exploring the ocular aspect of COVID-19/ SARS-CoV-2 infection;there is a significant volume of data that may or may-not seem contradictory at first glance. This is primarily due to the still-emerging nature of this disease and new data that is being unearthed every day. The problem is compounded by the fact that despite the over-all concordance, the different clinical teams have varying diagnostic criteria. This review attempts to consolidate the data available thus far regarding the risk of COVID-19 transmission from conjunctival/lacrimal discharge apart from the known modes of transmission, thereby allowing us to speculate whether additional protective measures are required to combat the zoonotic coronavirus pandemic currently ravaging the world.
{"title":"Evaluating the Risk of Covid-19 Transmission from Conjunctival and Lacrimal Discharge: A Review","authors":"Shalini Sanyal, S. Law","doi":"10.2174/2211550110666210217104806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550110666210217104806","url":null,"abstract":"The ocular surface, which is constantly exposed to the external environment, is one of the most sensitive zones and any complications which have a detrimental impact on it leading to re-duced vision and/or blindness, severely impact the quality of life. The most commonly afflicted parts of the eye are the conjunctiva, eyelid, and cornea due to their position. Since the eye is moder-ately susceptible to microbial infection from bacteria, fungi or even viruses;there has been much speculation about whether or not the novel coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to ocular disor-ders. Given the high rate of transmission for this disease, it is of great importance to evaluate the risk of disease communication from the eye, such as by conjunctival and/ lacrimal discharge. While there are many articles on the topic exploring the ocular aspect of COVID-19/ SARS-CoV-2 infection;there is a significant volume of data that may or may-not seem contradictory at first glance. This is primarily due to the still-emerging nature of this disease and new data that is being unearthed every day. The problem is compounded by the fact that despite the over-all concordance, the different clinical teams have varying diagnostic criteria. This review attempts to consolidate the data available thus far regarding the risk of COVID-19 transmission from conjunctival/lacrimal discharge apart from the known modes of transmission, thereby allowing us to speculate whether additional protective measures are required to combat the zoonotic coronavirus pandemic currently ravaging the world.","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73709870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-17DOI: 10.2174/2211550110666210217104455
Tapasi Polley, U. Ghosh
Alkaline proteases are essential enzymes that have several applications in our industry. The aim was optimization of nutritional parameters by one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method in solid-state fermentation. Production of protease by employing our laboratory's new isolate, Alternaria alternata TUSG1 (strain accession number- MF401426) under solid-state fermentation was optimized. The nutritional factors were investigated, and only one agricultural residue (cauliflower leaves) with different particle sizes was checked. Highest enzyme production was obtained with a medium particle size of cauliflower leaves (610 U/gds) followed by coarse waste (603U/gds) and fine waste (596 U/gds) using 106 spores/ml as inoculum at 30° C for 7 days. The organism utilized carbon sources 0.5% (w/w) dextrose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, and starch. Among them, maltose was found to be the best carbon source. A variety of inorganic and organic media components were investigated for nitrogen sources of 0.3% (w/w), and skim milk was turned out to the best. The maximum enzyme activity was obtained with 1% maltose, 0.5% skim milk and 0.05% MgSO4. With optimized media 1.53 fold increase in the protease production at agricultural residue cauliflower leaves was obtained.
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