Pub Date : 2023-01-10DOI: 10.2174/2405461508666230110164054
R. Patel, C. P. Bhasin
More than 260 million people worldwide are affected by excess fluoride (F- > 1.5 mg/L) in their drinking water. Fluorosis of the teeth and skeleton, among other health issues, is caused by it. The aim of this study is to evaluate the fluoride removal from contaminated water using graphene-based new adsorbent material. Graphene (G) was prepared by a facile liquid-phase exfoliation method. CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. G was treated with CeO2 NPs in a probe sonicator to generate G/Ce material in solution. Finally, the impregnation evaporation process synthesized the G/Ce supported on activated carbon composite (G/Ce/AC). FE-SEM analysis shows that the crumpling and scrolling sheets of G, the nanosized spherical shape of CeO2 NPs and a thick layer of nano-sized spherical particles has built up on the surface of graphene in G/Ce/AC composite. After conversion to G/Ce/AC Composite, the specific surface area of graphene was increased from 3.08 to 485.3621 m2/g. The adsorption of fluoride on G/Ce/AC was investigated using batch systems (effects of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and the initial fluoride concentration), adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies. The pseudo-second order was the one that best described the kinetic data, while the Langmuir isotherm best described the equilibrium data with a maximum adsorption capacity equal to 27.9 mg/g. Therefore, the results show that the G/Ce/AC composite was well synthesized and has excellent fluoride adsorption capacity compared to other materials already evaluated for this purpose.
{"title":"Efficient Fluoride removal from aqueous solution using Graphene/Ce composite supported on activated carbon","authors":"R. Patel, C. P. Bhasin","doi":"10.2174/2405461508666230110164054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405461508666230110164054","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000More than 260 million people worldwide are affected by excess fluoride (F- > 1.5 mg/L) in their drinking water. Fluorosis of the teeth and skeleton, among other health issues, is caused by it.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The aim of this study is to evaluate the fluoride removal from contaminated water using graphene-based new adsorbent material.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Graphene (G) was prepared by a facile liquid-phase exfoliation method. CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. G was treated with CeO2 NPs in a probe sonicator to generate G/Ce material in solution. Finally, the impregnation evaporation process synthesized the G/Ce supported on activated carbon composite (G/Ce/AC).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000FE-SEM analysis shows that the crumpling and scrolling sheets of G, the nanosized spherical shape of CeO2 NPs and a thick layer of nano-sized spherical particles has built up on the surface of graphene in G/Ce/AC composite. After conversion to G/Ce/AC Composite, the specific surface area of graphene was increased from 3.08 to 485.3621 m2/g. The adsorption of fluoride on G/Ce/AC was investigated using batch systems (effects of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and the initial fluoride concentration), adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies. The pseudo-second order was the one that best described the kinetic data, while the Langmuir isotherm best described the equilibrium data with a maximum adsorption capacity equal to 27.9 mg/g.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Therefore, the results show that the G/Ce/AC composite was well synthesized and has excellent fluoride adsorption capacity compared to other materials already evaluated for this purpose.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10924,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46086558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.2174/2405461508666221229103713
Shilpa Jain, T. Shaikh
Nanotechnology has enabled sensors to detect and sense a very small amount of chemical vapors. Sensors play a major role in our daily life. The use of sensors has made human life easy. One such type of sensor is the Gas sensor made up of Semiconducting metal oxides. These sensors have their own unique features which help in the easy monitoring of toxic gases. Out of all the metal oxide present, the gas sensors made up of ZnO nanostructures are mostly used in the gas sensing industry. ZnO has become a research hotspot of gas-sensing material because of the variation in resistance observed on the surface. These resistance changes are observed due to the adsorption & desorption of gases. In this review, we will be discussing the ZnO nanostructures, their preparation and their applications in the sensing of various toxic and flammable gases.
{"title":"ZnO nanostructure based Gas Sensors: Critical review based on their synthesis and morphology towards various oxidizing and reducing gases","authors":"Shilpa Jain, T. Shaikh","doi":"10.2174/2405461508666221229103713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405461508666221229103713","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Nanotechnology has enabled sensors to detect and sense a very small amount of chemical vapors. Sensors play a major role in our daily life. The use of sensors has made human life easy. One such type of sensor is the Gas sensor made up of Semiconducting metal oxides. These sensors have their own unique features which help in the easy monitoring of toxic gases. Out of all the metal oxide present, the gas sensors made up of ZnO nanostructures are mostly used in the gas sensing industry. ZnO has become a research hotspot of gas-sensing material because of the variation in resistance observed on the surface. These resistance changes are observed due to the adsorption & desorption of gases. In this review, we will be discussing the ZnO nanostructures, their preparation and their applications in the sensing of various toxic and flammable gases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10924,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43992043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.2174/2405461508666221214120304
Prabhurajeshwar Chidre, Ashajyothi Chavan, Navya Hulikunte Mallikarjunaiah, C. Kelmani
Nanotechnology is a promising science with new aspects to fight and prevent various diseases using nanomaterials. The capability to expose the structure and functions of biosystems at the nanoscale level supports research leading to development in biology, biotechnology, medicine and healthcare. This is predominantly advantageous in treating microbial infections as an alternative to antibiotics. However, widespread production, and use and misuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence of multiple-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria. Due to infectious diseases from these drug-resistant pathogenic strains, human mortality rates have consistently increased and are becoming an epidemic in our society. Consequently, there is a strong demand for developing novel strategies and new materials that can cope with these problems. The emergence of nanotechnology has created many new antimicrobial options. The small size of these nanomaterials is suitable for carrying out biological operations. Several metals and metal oxides, such as silver, copper, gold, zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticle types, have shown toxicity toward several pathogenic microbes. Metal-based nanoparticles have been broadly examined for a set of biomedical applications. According to the World Health Organization, the reduced size and selectivity of metal-based nanoparticles for bacteria have established them to be effective against pathogens, causing concern. Metal-based nanoparticles are known to have non-specific bacterial toxicity mechanisms, which not only make the development of resistance by bacteria difficult, but also widen the spectrum of antibacterial activity. Metal-based nanoparticle efficiency studies achieved so far have revealed promising results against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Here we discuss the potential nanomaterials to either treat microbial resistance or induce the development of resistance. However, fundamental research is required to focus on the molecular mechanism causing the antimicrobial activity of nanomaterials.
{"title":"Nanomaterials: Potential Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents","authors":"Prabhurajeshwar Chidre, Ashajyothi Chavan, Navya Hulikunte Mallikarjunaiah, C. Kelmani","doi":"10.2174/2405461508666221214120304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405461508666221214120304","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Nanotechnology is a promising science with new aspects to fight and prevent various diseases using nanomaterials. The capability to expose the structure and functions of biosystems at the nanoscale level supports research leading to development in biology, biotechnology, medicine and healthcare. This is predominantly advantageous in treating microbial infections as an alternative to antibiotics. However, widespread production, and use and misuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence of multiple-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria. Due to infectious diseases from these drug-resistant pathogenic strains, human mortality rates have consistently increased and are becoming an epidemic in our society. Consequently, there is a strong demand for developing novel strategies and new materials that can cope with these problems. The emergence of nanotechnology has created many new antimicrobial options. The small size of these nanomaterials is suitable for carrying out biological operations. Several metals and metal oxides, such as silver, copper, gold, zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticle types, have shown toxicity toward several pathogenic microbes. Metal-based nanoparticles have been broadly examined for a set of biomedical applications. According to the World Health Organization, the reduced size and selectivity of metal-based nanoparticles for bacteria have established them to be effective against pathogens, causing concern. Metal-based nanoparticles are known to have non-specific bacterial toxicity mechanisms, which not only make the development of resistance by bacteria difficult, but also widen the spectrum of antibacterial activity. Metal-based nanoparticle efficiency studies achieved so far have revealed promising results against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Here we discuss the potential nanomaterials to either treat microbial resistance or induce the development of resistance. However, fundamental research is required to focus on the molecular mechanism causing the antimicrobial activity of nanomaterials.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10924,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43619771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.2174/2405461508666221205091152
M. Moloto, Nompumelelo S. M. Kubheka, Nolutho Mkhumbeni
The fabrication of polymer fibre blends has gained much attention for the development of innovative nanomaterials. Polymer fibre blends are nanomaterials with different functionalities and properties such as a sizeable surface-to-area ratio, high porosity, flexibility, and stability. The focus of this study was to produce zein/PVA fibre blends using the electrospinning technique and varying parameters such as concentration and applied voltage. The two parameters are key driving factors for the production of fibres. Zein as a natural polymer has challenges in developing fibre materials which require artificial polymers like PVA to create a good blending mixture for electrospinning. The zein/PVA nanofibre blends were fabricated using the electrospinning technique. The FE-SEM (Leo, Zeiss) was used to study the surface morphologies of the zein/PVA nanofibers blends. The optical properties of the nanofibre blends were determined using the UV-vis spectrophotometer and the chemical structure and composition of zein/PVA nanofibers blends were studied using Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS50-FTIR spectrometer, universal ATR with the diamond detector. The SEM images showed smooth zein/PVA ribbon-like nanofibre blends of 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50. SEM images of zein/PVA (80/20) electrospun at 25 kV were obtained to be the maximum fibre yield due to zein/PVA compatibility, increased conductivity, and enhanced fibre formation. The optical properties (absorption spectroscopy) suggested that the zein/PVA (80/20) fibre blend was miscible, and the FTIR spectra confirmed their functional groups. Therefore, the characterization results showed that the polymer blended solutions concentration and applied voltage increment affected fibre size distribution and morphology. Optimizing concentration and applied voltage successfully produced smooth, uniform bead-free zein/PVA fibre blends as parameters are increased.
{"title":"Fabrication of zein/PVA fibre blends: Optimizing concentration and applied voltage","authors":"M. Moloto, Nompumelelo S. M. Kubheka, Nolutho Mkhumbeni","doi":"10.2174/2405461508666221205091152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405461508666221205091152","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The fabrication of polymer fibre blends has gained much attention for the development of innovative nanomaterials. Polymer fibre blends are nanomaterials with different functionalities and properties such as a sizeable surface-to-area ratio, high porosity, flexibility, and stability. The focus of this study was to produce zein/PVA fibre blends using the electrospinning technique and varying parameters such as concentration and applied voltage. The two parameters are key driving factors for the production of fibres. Zein as a natural polymer has challenges in developing fibre materials which require artificial polymers like PVA to create a good blending mixture for electrospinning.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The zein/PVA nanofibre blends were fabricated using the electrospinning technique. The FE-SEM (Leo, Zeiss) was used to study the surface morphologies of the zein/PVA nanofibers blends. The optical properties of the nanofibre blends were determined using the UV-vis spectrophotometer and the chemical structure and composition of zein/PVA nanofibers blends were studied using Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS50-FTIR spectrometer, universal ATR with the diamond detector.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The SEM images showed smooth zein/PVA ribbon-like nanofibre blends of 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50. SEM images of zein/PVA (80/20) electrospun at 25 kV were obtained to be the maximum fibre yield due to zein/PVA compatibility, increased conductivity, and enhanced fibre formation. The optical properties (absorption spectroscopy) suggested that the zein/PVA (80/20) fibre blend was miscible, and the FTIR spectra confirmed their functional groups. Therefore, the characterization results showed that the polymer blended solutions concentration and applied voltage increment affected fibre size distribution and morphology.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Optimizing concentration and applied voltage successfully produced smooth, uniform bead-free zein/PVA fibre blends as parameters are increased.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10924,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44367115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.2174/2405461508666221128111706
D. García-Gutiérrez, J. E. Reyes-González, D. F. Garcia-Gutierrez, M. A. Garza-Navarro
2D nanostructures are greatly interested in different technological applications, particularly optoelectronics. Tin oxide 2D nanostructures have shown great transparency and ideal charge carrier transport properties. The current study aims to evaluate the main characteristics of 2D-nanostructures observed during the synthesis of hydrated forms of tin oxide (II) or (IV) doped with Mn. A chemical co-precipitation method was used for the synthesis of the hydrated forms of tin oxide (II) or (IV) with different conditions on time (1 and 1.5 h) and temperature (60ºC and 90ºC), using MnCl2 as the manganese source. X-ray diffraction and XPS results revealed the formation of the hydroromarchite phase (Sn6O4(OH)4) as the main product of the synthesis reaction. Scanning electron microscopy images were used to identify and measure, in a first approach, the 2D nanostructures observed as a result of the synthesis. Morphological characterization using different transmission electron microscopy techniques revealed the presence of nanoparticles that were observed to self-assemble to form the 2D nanostructures observed (nanorods and nanosheets). Nonetheless, selected-area electron diffraction suggested the presence of the cassiterite phase (SnO2) in the nanoparticles forming the 2D nanostructures. Furthermore, chemical analyses using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy supported the observations made by the diffraction studies regarding the presence of cassiterite phase (SnO2) in the 2D nanostructures. The number of 2D nanostructures observed in the analyzed samples increased as the Mn concentration increased in the synthesis reaction. The addition of Mn as an intended doping element increased the crystallite size and the polycrystallinity of the synthesized hydrated forms of tin oxide (II) or (IV). Additionally, it also promoted the formation of 2D nanostructures made of SnO2 nanoparticles.
{"title":"Structure, Composition, and Morphology of self-Assembled 2D Nanostructures Based on SnO2 Nanoparticles Observed in Unannealed Mn Doped Hydrated Form of Tin Oxide (II) or (IV) Synthesized by Co-precipitation Method","authors":"D. García-Gutiérrez, J. E. Reyes-González, D. F. Garcia-Gutierrez, M. A. Garza-Navarro","doi":"10.2174/2405461508666221128111706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405461508666221128111706","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u00002D nanostructures are greatly interested in different technological applications, particularly optoelectronics. Tin oxide 2D nanostructures have shown great transparency and ideal charge carrier transport properties.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The current study aims to evaluate the main characteristics of 2D-nanostructures observed during the synthesis of hydrated forms of tin oxide (II) or (IV) doped with Mn.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A chemical co-precipitation method was used for the synthesis of the hydrated forms of tin oxide (II) or (IV) with different conditions on time (1 and 1.5 h) and temperature (60ºC and 90ºC), using MnCl2 as the manganese source.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000X-ray diffraction and XPS results revealed the formation of the hydroromarchite phase (Sn6O4(OH)4) as the main product of the synthesis reaction. Scanning electron microscopy images were used to identify and measure, in a first approach, the 2D nanostructures observed as a result of the synthesis. Morphological characterization using different transmission electron microscopy techniques revealed the presence of nanoparticles that were observed to self-assemble to form the 2D nanostructures observed (nanorods and nanosheets). Nonetheless, selected-area electron diffraction suggested the presence of the cassiterite phase (SnO2) in the nanoparticles forming the 2D nanostructures. Furthermore, chemical analyses using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy supported the observations made by the diffraction studies regarding the presence of cassiterite phase (SnO2) in the 2D nanostructures. The number of 2D nanostructures observed in the analyzed samples increased as the Mn concentration increased in the synthesis reaction.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The addition of Mn as an intended doping element increased the crystallite size and the polycrystallinity of the synthesized hydrated forms of tin oxide (II) or (IV). Additionally, it also promoted the formation of 2D nanostructures made of SnO2 nanoparticles.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10924,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49538944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.2174/2405461508666221124161113
R. Kulkarni, P. Koujalagi, Harish N. Revankar, Vijayendra R Gurjar
The evolution of environmentally-safe methods for treating hazardous chemicals in wastewater, particularly urban and industrial wastewater, has increased interest over recent years. The chromium-containing wastewater is produced by industries from steel, metallurgical, electroplating, chemical, refractory, leather tanning, dye manufacturing, mining, cementing, textiles, etc. Consequently, advanced techniques are essential for treating chromium-polluted water. The prime objective of this effort was to assess the adsorption performance of nanoTiO2 (nanoparticles of average crystallite size 19.15 nm) doped strong base anion exchange resin (TD-Tulsion) for Cr(VI)to that of the host Tulsion A-62 (MP). The tests were carried out in batches in the temperature-controlled water bath shaking unit, with 30 ml of the aqueous solution containing Cr(VI) and a certain amount of resin being stirred for 6 hours at 303 K. Using a standard diphenylcarbazide (DPC) procedure at 540 nm, the solution was spectrophotometrically analyzed for Cr(VI). The majority of the Cr(VI) ions are adsorbed by the anion exchange resins Tulsion A-62(MP), and TD-Tulsion is in the pH range of 4.0 to 5.0. The maximal sorption capacity of Cr (VI) was established to be 181.5 and 204.8 mg/g for Tulsion A-62(MP) and TD-Tulsion, respectively. The TD-Tulsion has a substantially better adsorption capacity than Tulsion A-62(MP) under similar conditions. The outcomes show that modifying anion-exchange resin with nano titanium dioxide improves adsorption performance in Cr(VI) removal from drinking water and contaminated water.
{"title":"Adsorption of Chromium (VI) from Aqueous Solution Using Nano TiO2 Doped Strong Base Anion Exchange Resin","authors":"R. Kulkarni, P. Koujalagi, Harish N. Revankar, Vijayendra R Gurjar","doi":"10.2174/2405461508666221124161113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405461508666221124161113","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The evolution of environmentally-safe methods for treating hazardous chemicals in wastewater, particularly urban and industrial wastewater, has increased interest over recent years. The chromium-containing wastewater is produced by industries from steel, metallurgical, electroplating, chemical, refractory, leather tanning, dye manufacturing, mining, cementing, textiles, etc. Consequently, advanced techniques are essential for treating chromium-polluted water.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The prime objective of this effort was to assess the adsorption performance of nanoTiO2 (nanoparticles of average crystallite size 19.15 nm) doped strong base anion exchange resin (TD-Tulsion) for Cr(VI)to that of the host Tulsion A-62 (MP).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The tests were carried out in batches in the temperature-controlled water bath shaking unit, with 30 ml of the aqueous solution containing Cr(VI) and a certain amount of resin being stirred for 6 hours at 303 K. Using a standard diphenylcarbazide (DPC) procedure at 540 nm, the solution was spectrophotometrically analyzed for Cr(VI).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The majority of the Cr(VI) ions are adsorbed by the anion exchange resins Tulsion A-62(MP), and TD-Tulsion is in the pH range of 4.0 to 5.0. The maximal sorption capacity of Cr (VI) was established to be 181.5 and 204.8 mg/g for Tulsion A-62(MP) and TD-Tulsion, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The TD-Tulsion has a substantially better adsorption capacity than Tulsion A-62(MP) under similar conditions. The outcomes show that modifying anion-exchange resin with nano titanium dioxide improves adsorption performance in Cr(VI) removal from drinking water and contaminated water.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10924,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46303736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-18DOI: 10.2174/2405461508666221118153823
J. R
The eye is a complex organ in the body containing a repertoire of metabolite indicators such as glucose, peptides, specialized ions, and many critical biological data such as intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal temperature, and pH. Contact lens research and patient care have progressed substantially throughout the last three decades; hence smart contact lenses were developed with significant advancements in material biocompatibility, better lens layouts, the healthcare system, and more flexible and efficient modalities. Smart contact lenses are adjustable sophisticated visual prosthesis devices that monitor various significant physical and biochemical changes in ocular disorders, which are noninvasive and continuous. Wearable systems that utilize bodily fluids like sweat tears, saliva, and electrochemical interactions with steady physiological state and illness monitoring are currently developing. Because of its ease of access, fabrication, and noninvasiveness, tear fluid is commonly used to assess ocular disorders, blood glucose, and even cancers. Furthermore, the integration of nanotechnology into contact lenses has emerged as a promising platform for noninvasive point-of-care diagnostics. Utilizing nano-based contact lenses for ocular drug delivery is a new study area in bioengineering and innovative medical techniques. Despite all of the research done in this area, new technologies are still in their early stages of development, and more work in terms of clinical trials is required to commercialize nanotechnology-based contact lenses. This article encompasses nanotechnology-based smart contact lens technology, including materials, advancements, applications, sensor technologies, and prospects.
{"title":"Nanotechnology In Smart Contact Lenses: Highlights On Sensor Technologies And Future Prospects","authors":"J. R","doi":"10.2174/2405461508666221118153823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405461508666221118153823","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The eye is a complex organ in the body containing a repertoire of metabolite indicators such as glucose, peptides, specialized ions, and many critical biological data such as intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal temperature, and pH. Contact lens research and patient care have progressed substantially throughout the last three decades; hence smart contact lenses were developed with significant advancements in material biocompatibility, better lens layouts, the healthcare system, and more flexible and efficient modalities. Smart contact lenses are adjustable sophisticated visual prosthesis devices that monitor various significant physical and biochemical changes in ocular disorders, which are noninvasive and continuous. Wearable systems that utilize bodily fluids like sweat tears, saliva, and electrochemical interactions with steady physiological state and illness monitoring are currently developing. Because of its ease of access, fabrication, and noninvasiveness, tear fluid is commonly used to assess ocular disorders, blood glucose, and even cancers. Furthermore, the integration of nanotechnology into contact lenses has emerged as a promising platform for noninvasive point-of-care diagnostics. Utilizing nano-based contact lenses for ocular drug delivery is a new study area in bioengineering and innovative medical techniques. Despite all of the research done in this area, new technologies are still in their early stages of development, and more work in terms of clinical trials is required to commercialize nanotechnology-based contact lenses. This article encompasses nanotechnology-based smart contact lens technology, including materials, advancements, applications, sensor technologies, and prospects.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10924,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42487372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-18DOI: 10.2174/2405461508666221118155210
Laxman Singh, D. Singh, D. Rawat, Amar Kumar, Preeti Rawat, R. Singhal
Biogenic fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles has been gaining interest over conventional methods. Biological methods make use of plant materials and microbial agents as reducing as well as capping agents. The present work reports the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs from agricultural wastes produced in every household. A significant portion of municipal solid organic waste (MSOW) consists of agricultural waste. Utilization of this agricultural waste towards cleaning water of pathogens through the synthesis of nanoparticles has far-reaching implications, such as curbing soil pollution and water pollution. Preliminary confirmation was done by the visual formation of a pale yellow/dirty white precipitate of ZnO NPs. These were further characterized by different spectroscopic techniques, such as FT-IR, SEM, EDAX, and HRTEM. The HRTEM study revealed that NPs obtained had sizes between 30-52 nm. Fabricated ZnO NPs were analyzed for their antibacterial activity by disk diffusion method, and they exhibited striking antibacterial activity against E. coli and bacillus subtilis. Exploring the potential of waste and its conversion into a value-added product is a novel step. ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized from agricultural wastes through an environmentally friendly synthetic route, and the synthesized ZnO NPs were found to be potent in inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
生物制备金属氧化物纳米颗粒的研究已经超过了传统的方法。生物方法利用植物材料和微生物剂作为还原剂和封盖剂。本文报道了从每个家庭产生的农业废弃物中生物合成氧化锌NPs的情况。城市固体有机废物(MSOW)中有很大一部分是农业废物。利用这种农业废弃物通过合成纳米颗粒来净化水中的病原体具有深远的意义，如抑制土壤污染和水污染。氧化锌纳米粒子的淡黄色/脏白色沉淀物的视觉形成初步证实了这一点。通过不同的光谱技术，如FT-IR, SEM, EDAX和HRTEM进一步表征。HRTEM研究表明，所获得的NPs的尺寸在30-52 nm之间。采用圆盘扩散法对制备的ZnO NPs进行了抑菌活性分析，结果表明ZnO NPs对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌具有明显的抑菌活性。探索废物的潜力并将其转化为增值产品是一个新颖的步骤。通过环境友好的合成途径，成功地从农业废弃物中合成了氧化锌纳米粒子，并发现合成的氧化锌纳米粒子具有抑制细菌生长的有效作用。
{"title":"Agro-waste Mediated Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and their Antibacterial Properties: Waste to Treat","authors":"Laxman Singh, D. Singh, D. Rawat, Amar Kumar, Preeti Rawat, R. Singhal","doi":"10.2174/2405461508666221118155210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405461508666221118155210","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Biogenic fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles has been gaining interest over conventional methods. Biological methods make use of plant materials and microbial agents as reducing as well as capping agents. The present work reports the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs from agricultural wastes produced in every household.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A significant portion of municipal solid organic waste (MSOW) consists of agricultural waste. Utilization of this agricultural waste towards cleaning water of pathogens through the synthesis of nanoparticles has far-reaching implications, such as curbing soil pollution and water pollution.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Preliminary confirmation was done by the visual formation of a pale yellow/dirty white precipitate of ZnO NPs. These were further characterized by different spectroscopic techniques, such as FT-IR, SEM, EDAX, and HRTEM.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The HRTEM study revealed that NPs obtained had sizes between 30-52 nm. Fabricated ZnO NPs were analyzed for their antibacterial activity by disk diffusion method, and they exhibited striking antibacterial activity against E. coli and bacillus subtilis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Exploring the potential of waste and its conversion into a value-added product is a novel step. ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized from agricultural wastes through an environmentally friendly synthetic route, and the synthesized ZnO NPs were found to be potent in inhibiting the growth of bacteria.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10924,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44984144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanoemulsions are submicron-sized suspensions that are being studied extensively as pharmacological vehicles for enhancing the outcomes of drug delivery. Nanoemulsions are isotropic thermodynamic systems in which two immiscible liquids [water and oil] are combined to form a single phase using pertinent surfactants. Nano-emulsions are resilient to sedimentation or creaming due to their nano-droplet size. Ostwald ripening represents the principal process accountable for the disintegration of nanoemulsion. Droplet diameters in nanoemulsions typically range from 20 to 500 nanometers. The diameter and surface parameters of nanoemulsion droplets play are of paramount significance in determining the bioactivity of the formulation. Nanoemulsion offers a promising future in various industries like cosmetology, diagnosis, pharmacological regimens, and biomedicine in the future. Pharmaceutical surfactants are utilized to synthesize nanoemulsions, which are generally regarded as safe [GRAS]. The stability of the NEs against coalescence mainly depends on the type and concentration of the surfactant employed. Nanoemulsions are formulated from a variety of oils, notably natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic oils. Over the past decade, various patents and clinical research have exemplified the applications of the NE system. Their application as a drug delivery entity in the ophthalmic, topical, transdermal, intranasal, intravenous, and oral routes is widely appreciated. Also, they have gained remarkable importance in the cosmetic industry. This review presents the importance of various components of NE and their importance in droplet formation and provides a brief insight into various drug administration routes of NE.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Nanoemulsion applications & their recent advancements","authors":"Prativa Das, Jnyana Ranjan Panda, C. Patro, Baby Sahu, Soumya Stuti Patnaik","doi":"10.2174/2405461508666221103121439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405461508666221103121439","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Nanoemulsions are submicron-sized suspensions that are being studied extensively as pharmacological vehicles for enhancing the outcomes of drug delivery. Nanoemulsions are isotropic thermodynamic systems in which two immiscible liquids [water and oil] are combined to form a single phase using pertinent surfactants. Nano-emulsions are resilient to sedimentation or creaming due to their nano-droplet size. Ostwald ripening represents the principal process accountable for the disintegration of nanoemulsion. Droplet diameters in nanoemulsions typically range from 20 to 500 nanometers. The diameter and surface parameters of nanoemulsion droplets play are of paramount significance in determining the bioactivity of the formulation. Nanoemulsion offers a promising future in various industries like cosmetology, diagnosis, pharmacological regimens, and biomedicine in the future.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Pharmaceutical surfactants are utilized to synthesize nanoemulsions, which are generally regarded as safe [GRAS]. The stability of the NEs against coalescence mainly depends on the type and concentration of the surfactant employed. Nanoemulsions are formulated from a variety of oils, notably natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic oils.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Over the past decade, various patents and clinical research have exemplified the applications of the NE system. Their application as a drug delivery entity in the ophthalmic, topical, transdermal, intranasal, intravenous, and oral routes is widely appreciated. Also, they have gained remarkable importance in the cosmetic industry.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This review presents the importance of various components of NE and their importance in droplet formation and provides a brief insight into various drug administration routes of NE.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10924,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanomaterials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47330948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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