Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.ccl.2023.3.010
M. Chavda, M. F. Dhaduk, J. Upadhyay
Fused pyrimidines play an imperative role in our life due to their biological importance in the struggle of microorganisms. A series of 4-aryl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-d] thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine (4a-j) were synthesized by cyclization of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-4-aryl-1,4,5,7-tetrahydro-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6-thiones (3a-j) with 1,2-dibromoethane in presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. Earlier, compounds (3a-j) were synthesized by the condensation of 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (2), different substituted benzaldehyde and thiourea with catalytic amount of con. HCl in methanol. Compound 2 was synthesized by condensation of ethyl acetoacetate (1) and phenylhydrezine in presence of a catalytic amount of acetic acid at reflux temperature. The constitution of the synthesized products has been characterized by using elemental analysis, Infrared, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and further supported by Mass spectroscopy. All the products have been screened for their in-vitro biological assay like antibacterial and antifungal activity at concentration of 500 μg/ml. It was exposed that most of the compounds displayed inspiring antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to the used reference standard.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization and biological study of some new substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d] thiazolo[3,2-a] pyrimidine derivatives","authors":"M. Chavda, M. F. Dhaduk, J. Upadhyay","doi":"10.5267/j.ccl.2023.3.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2023.3.010","url":null,"abstract":"Fused pyrimidines play an imperative role in our life due to their biological importance in the struggle of microorganisms. A series of 4-aryl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-d] thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine (4a-j) were synthesized by cyclization of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-4-aryl-1,4,5,7-tetrahydro-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6-thiones (3a-j) with 1,2-dibromoethane in presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. Earlier, compounds (3a-j) were synthesized by the condensation of 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (2), different substituted benzaldehyde and thiourea with catalytic amount of con. HCl in methanol. Compound 2 was synthesized by condensation of ethyl acetoacetate (1) and phenylhydrezine in presence of a catalytic amount of acetic acid at reflux temperature. The constitution of the synthesized products has been characterized by using elemental analysis, Infrared, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and further supported by Mass spectroscopy. All the products have been screened for their in-vitro biological assay like antibacterial and antifungal activity at concentration of 500 μg/ml. It was exposed that most of the compounds displayed inspiring antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to the used reference standard.","PeriodicalId":10942,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemistry Letters","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79197718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.ccl.2022.12.011
Mohamed R. Fouad
This study used 30 cm long packed by 3 kg soil columns to explore the effects of peat, compost, and charcoal at 5% on the movement of fipronil (99.9 % purity) in clay loam soil and sandy clay loam soil. The soil columns were preconditioned with calcium chloride solution (0.01 M) before applying the pesticide and potassium iodide. Potassium iodide solution (0.2 M) was added at a rate of 10 mL as a water tracer and a quantity of fipronil solution (10 µg g-1soil) was applied on the soil surface of each column. Next, fipronil was leached from the soil columns with a calcium chloride solution (0.1 M) and the leachates were collected and analyzed. The results show that water tracer I- leached fast in soil columns. The breakthrough curve of fipronil appeared from leachates of soil columns after iodide for a while, indicating that fipronil is a moderate or lower mobile compound depending on type of soil and type of soil amendments. In general, adding soil amendments (peat, compost, and charcoal) to clay loam soil and sandy clay loam soil resulted in improved fipronil adsorption and decreased the amount of fipronil that leached into groundwater. This study is very useful for preserving groundwater from pollution, especially in the Middle East due to the lack of water sources.
{"title":"Effect of peat, compost, and charcoal on transport of fipronil in clay loam soil and sandy clay loam soil","authors":"Mohamed R. Fouad","doi":"10.5267/j.ccl.2022.12.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2022.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"This study used 30 cm long packed by 3 kg soil columns to explore the effects of peat, compost, and charcoal at 5% on the movement of fipronil (99.9 % purity) in clay loam soil and sandy clay loam soil. The soil columns were preconditioned with calcium chloride solution (0.01 M) before applying the pesticide and potassium iodide. Potassium iodide solution (0.2 M) was added at a rate of 10 mL as a water tracer and a quantity of fipronil solution (10 µg g-1soil) was applied on the soil surface of each column. Next, fipronil was leached from the soil columns with a calcium chloride solution (0.1 M) and the leachates were collected and analyzed. The results show that water tracer I- leached fast in soil columns. The breakthrough curve of fipronil appeared from leachates of soil columns after iodide for a while, indicating that fipronil is a moderate or lower mobile compound depending on type of soil and type of soil amendments. In general, adding soil amendments (peat, compost, and charcoal) to clay loam soil and sandy clay loam soil resulted in improved fipronil adsorption and decreased the amount of fipronil that leached into groundwater. This study is very useful for preserving groundwater from pollution, especially in the Middle East due to the lack of water sources.","PeriodicalId":10942,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemistry Letters","volume":"227 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73951208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.ccl.2023.2.002
Unnati Patel, Ranjit C. Dabhi, Kartik K. Vaja, Rakesh S. Jani, Jayesh J. Maru
A new salicylaldehyde-based sensor N'-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-methylbenzohydrazide (P4) was designed, and its sensing ability towards various metal ions was assessed using UV-visible spectroscopy. The structure of P4 was spectroscopically characterized by UV-Visible, Infrared, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. UV-Visible absorption spectral study showed selective sensing ability of P4 for Cd2+ and Ni2+ ions in presence of diverse transition metal ions. The results revealed that the detection limit for Cd2+ and Ni2+ was 3.14 µM and 0.92 µM, respectively. Moreover, the compound P4 was fully implemented for detection of Cd2+ and Ni2+ in simulated samples.
{"title":"Salicylaldehyde based Schiff base as a selective and sensitive chemosensor for Cd2+ and Ni2+ ions","authors":"Unnati Patel, Ranjit C. Dabhi, Kartik K. Vaja, Rakesh S. Jani, Jayesh J. Maru","doi":"10.5267/j.ccl.2023.2.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2023.2.002","url":null,"abstract":"A new salicylaldehyde-based sensor N'-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-methylbenzohydrazide (P4) was designed, and its sensing ability towards various metal ions was assessed using UV-visible spectroscopy. The structure of P4 was spectroscopically characterized by UV-Visible, Infrared, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. UV-Visible absorption spectral study showed selective sensing ability of P4 for Cd2+ and Ni2+ ions in presence of diverse transition metal ions. The results revealed that the detection limit for Cd2+ and Ni2+ was 3.14 µM and 0.92 µM, respectively. Moreover, the compound P4 was fully implemented for detection of Cd2+ and Ni2+ in simulated samples.","PeriodicalId":10942,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemistry Letters","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86992706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.ccl.2022.12.009
S. Pedada, N. R. Gollapalli
A potentiometric titration study has been undertaken to determine the cationic surfactant influence on mixed ligand complexes in ternary systems consisting of cobalt (II), nickel (II), copper (II), and zinc (II) with aspartic and citric acids at various concentrations (0.0–2.5% w/v) of the CTAB (Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide)-surfactant solution while maintaining an ionic strength of 0.16 mol L-1 (NaCl) at 30 °C. Titrations were performed in the presence of different ratios (M:L:X = 1:2:2, 1:4:2, and 1:2:4) of metal (M) and aspartic acid (L) to citric acid (X) using sodium hydroxide. Model systems were developed based on statistical parameters and residual analysis. For Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II), the species detected were MLXH2, MLX2H5, and MLX3. The electrostatic relationship of the ligands' side chains, charge neutralization, chelate effect, stacking interactions, and hydrogen bonding are used to explain the trend in the variation of logarithm of stability constants (log β) values with changing dielectric constant and mole fraction of the surfactant. The variation in species distribution as a function of pH and surfactant composition is also presented and discussed, as are plausible equilibria for the formation of the species and structures of the ternary complexes are also presented and discussed.
{"title":"Cationic surfactant influence on ternary complexes of CoII, NiII, CuII and ZnII ions with aspartic and citric acids","authors":"S. Pedada, N. R. Gollapalli","doi":"10.5267/j.ccl.2022.12.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2022.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"A potentiometric titration study has been undertaken to determine the cationic surfactant influence on mixed ligand complexes in ternary systems consisting of cobalt (II), nickel (II), copper (II), and zinc (II) with aspartic and citric acids at various concentrations (0.0–2.5% w/v) of the CTAB (Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide)-surfactant solution while maintaining an ionic strength of 0.16 mol L-1 (NaCl) at 30 °C. Titrations were performed in the presence of different ratios (M:L:X = 1:2:2, 1:4:2, and 1:2:4) of metal (M) and aspartic acid (L) to citric acid (X) using sodium hydroxide. Model systems were developed based on statistical parameters and residual analysis. For Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II), the species detected were MLXH2, MLX2H5, and MLX3. The electrostatic relationship of the ligands' side chains, charge neutralization, chelate effect, stacking interactions, and hydrogen bonding are used to explain the trend in the variation of logarithm of stability constants (log β) values with changing dielectric constant and mole fraction of the surfactant. The variation in species distribution as a function of pH and surfactant composition is also presented and discussed, as are plausible equilibria for the formation of the species and structures of the ternary complexes are also presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":10942,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemistry Letters","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90293732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.ccl.2023.1.001
Melody Kimi, Mohd Hazwan Hamdi
The processes involved to extract chitosan biopolymers from natural resources often employ hazardous chemicals and long processing time. This work provides a sustainable direct extraction method of chitosan from snail shells. Previous attempts using acetogenin in graviola extracts succeeded in the extraction of chitosan from marine shells. However, the slow reaction has prompted the addition of hydrogen bond acceptor solution into the graviola extract. Choline chloride is an excellent hydrogen bond acceptor mixed with acetogenin as hydrogen bond donor to form natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) for the direct extraction of chitosan. Chitosan obtained from this method has a degree of deacetylation of 91% and a molecular weight of 481 kDa with fiber-like morphology. The direct extraction of chitosan from NADES consisting of choline chloride and acetogenin has proven to extract chitosan with comparable properties to commercial chitosan.
{"title":"Direct extraction of chitosan from snail shells by natural deep eutectic solvent","authors":"Melody Kimi, Mohd Hazwan Hamdi","doi":"10.5267/j.ccl.2023.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2023.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"The processes involved to extract chitosan biopolymers from natural resources often employ hazardous chemicals and long processing time. This work provides a sustainable direct extraction method of chitosan from snail shells. Previous attempts using acetogenin in graviola extracts succeeded in the extraction of chitosan from marine shells. However, the slow reaction has prompted the addition of hydrogen bond acceptor solution into the graviola extract. Choline chloride is an excellent hydrogen bond acceptor mixed with acetogenin as hydrogen bond donor to form natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) for the direct extraction of chitosan. Chitosan obtained from this method has a degree of deacetylation of 91% and a molecular weight of 481 kDa with fiber-like morphology. The direct extraction of chitosan from NADES consisting of choline chloride and acetogenin has proven to extract chitosan with comparable properties to commercial chitosan.","PeriodicalId":10942,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemistry Letters","volume":"50 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90991072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.ccl.2022.12.010
Bansuri Nandaniya, Siva Prasad Das, D. Jani
In the present work, we synthesized new thiosemicarbazone based Schiff base ligands and their Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes. The synthesized compounds were characterized and their antimicrobial activities were studied. Elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR and mass spectrometry were done to fully characterize all the compounds. The ligands and their complexes were screened for in-vitro biological study against Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram negative (E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria for the Zone of Inhibition method. The thiosemicarbazone based complexes showed better activity than the ligands.
{"title":"New thiosemicarbazone derivatives and their Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes: Synthesis, characterization and in-vitro biological screening","authors":"Bansuri Nandaniya, Siva Prasad Das, D. Jani","doi":"10.5267/j.ccl.2022.12.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2022.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, we synthesized new thiosemicarbazone based Schiff base ligands and their Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes. The synthesized compounds were characterized and their antimicrobial activities were studied. Elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR and mass spectrometry were done to fully characterize all the compounds. The ligands and their complexes were screened for in-vitro biological study against Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram negative (E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria for the Zone of Inhibition method. The thiosemicarbazone based complexes showed better activity than the ligands.","PeriodicalId":10942,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemistry Letters","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82334624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.ccl.2023.2.007
Md. Hazrat Ali, Pritish Haldera Md. Siam Hossain, Julian Pretom Biswas, Sujan Sarker, M. Kamruzzaman, Nurujjaman Nurujjaman, T. Thamid, Md. Ishak Ali, Unesco Chakma, A. Kumer
The main impediment to practical application is the toxicity of lead ions in halide perovskite absorbing materials. Computing tools based on density functional theory (DFT) were used to predict the intrinsic properties of potential for double perovskites to be effective and suitable for optoelectronic applications, replacing the conventional lead halide perovskites with environmentally friendly elements. The Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) with Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional was used to screen homovalent alternatives for B and X-site ions in vacancy-ordered double perovskite Cs2BX6 (B=Pt, Ni, X= Cl, Br) for solar cell applications. Using the GGA with PBE functional, the band gap was calculated to be 1.411 eV, 0.482 eV, and 0.378 eV for the Cs2PtBr6, Cs2NiCl6, and Cs2NiBr6, respectively. The experimental band gap value of mother crystal's (Cs2PtBr6) was at 1.42 eV. Next, the DOS, PDOS and optical properties were computed using GGA with PBE functional. Then, the local density approximation (LDA) with Ceperley and Alder with Perdew and Zunger (CA-PZ) was executed to compare the GGA with PBE for electronic band structure. In addition, the OTFG ultra soft, OTFG norm conserving, ultra soft and norm conserving methods of pseudopotential were used for both GGA with PBE and LDA with CA-PZ to make and ensure the right or accurate DFT functional for those crystals. At last, the optical properties and their toxicity have been evaluated for their rational design of potential double perovskite materials with improved optoelectronic properties.
{"title":"A study on pseudo-potential effect, electronic structure, aquatic toxicity, and optical properties of perovskites solar cell of Cs2NiCl6, Cs2NiBr6, and Cs2PtBr6: Through DFT methods","authors":"Md. Hazrat Ali, Pritish Haldera Md. Siam Hossain, Julian Pretom Biswas, Sujan Sarker, M. Kamruzzaman, Nurujjaman Nurujjaman, T. Thamid, Md. Ishak Ali, Unesco Chakma, A. Kumer","doi":"10.5267/j.ccl.2023.2.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2023.2.007","url":null,"abstract":"The main impediment to practical application is the toxicity of lead ions in halide perovskite absorbing materials. Computing tools based on density functional theory (DFT) were used to predict the intrinsic properties of potential for double perovskites to be effective and suitable for optoelectronic applications, replacing the conventional lead halide perovskites with environmentally friendly elements. The Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) with Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional was used to screen homovalent alternatives for B and X-site ions in vacancy-ordered double perovskite Cs2BX6 (B=Pt, Ni, X= Cl, Br) for solar cell applications. Using the GGA with PBE functional, the band gap was calculated to be 1.411 eV, 0.482 eV, and 0.378 eV for the Cs2PtBr6, Cs2NiCl6, and Cs2NiBr6, respectively. The experimental band gap value of mother crystal's (Cs2PtBr6) was at 1.42 eV. Next, the DOS, PDOS and optical properties were computed using GGA with PBE functional. Then, the local density approximation (LDA) with Ceperley and Alder with Perdew and Zunger (CA-PZ) was executed to compare the GGA with PBE for electronic band structure. In addition, the OTFG ultra soft, OTFG norm conserving, ultra soft and norm conserving methods of pseudopotential were used for both GGA with PBE and LDA with CA-PZ to make and ensure the right or accurate DFT functional for those crystals. At last, the optical properties and their toxicity have been evaluated for their rational design of potential double perovskite materials with improved optoelectronic properties.","PeriodicalId":10942,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemistry Letters","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88305487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.ccl.2022.2.005
A. Ahmed, A. El-Mahdy
Germination traits are the key factor in higher productivity of crops. Thus, laboratory tests were made to enhance the germination of the seeds. One of the best strategies to promote seed germination was soaking the seeds in water and Moringa leaves extracts (MLE.) before planting. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the optimal soaking duration to enhance seed germination and seedling growth of hybrid 178 maize. There were three soaking durations; 12 hours, 16 hours, and 20 hours, along with the un-treatment (0 hour or without soaking). While the other factor was the concentration of the soaking seeds solution in Moringa leaves extract which was (0.25, 0.5 and 1.00 g) at the ratio of 1:10 (w/v) beside to hydro-priming (soaking in water) and control (un-treatment), each with four replications. Seed germination (%), germination index (GI), germination speed index (SGI), germination rate (GR, day), mean germination rate (MGR, day), seedling shoot length (cm), seedling root length (cm), seedling length (cm), seedling fresh weight (g), seedling dry weights, (g) seedling vigor 1 (SV1) and seedling vigor 2 (SV2) were evaluated. Results showed that maximum value germination traits were found in hybrid 178 of Maize which soaked at 20 hours of duration, followed by soaked at 16 hours then at 12 hours soaking compared with un-soaked seed. The germination and seedling characters, improved with soaking in Moringa leaves extract. 0.25 g/mm MLE. was the best treatment, followed by 0.5 (g) and hydro-priming gave higher values, as to seed germination and seed vigour compared with other treatment. Field emergence experiment gave the best values for dry weight(g) and seedling vigour (SVII) with 0.25 g/mm then 0.5 g/mm and hydro-priming under soaked seed to 20 hour com. This suggests that soaking in Moringa leaves extract as 0.25 concentrate under 20 hour soaking was a suitable treatment that can improve germination and seedling growth in hybrid 178 maize.
{"title":"Improving seed germination and seedling growth of maize (Zea mays, L.) seed by soaking in water and moringa oleifera leaf extract","authors":"A. Ahmed, A. El-Mahdy","doi":"10.5267/j.ccl.2022.2.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2022.2.005","url":null,"abstract":"Germination traits are the key factor in higher productivity of crops. Thus, laboratory tests were made to enhance the germination of the seeds. One of the best strategies to promote seed germination was soaking the seeds in water and Moringa leaves extracts (MLE.) before planting. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the optimal soaking duration to enhance seed germination and seedling growth of hybrid 178 maize. There were three soaking durations; 12 hours, 16 hours, and 20 hours, along with the un-treatment (0 hour or without soaking). While the other factor was the concentration of the soaking seeds solution in Moringa leaves extract which was (0.25, 0.5 and 1.00 g) at the ratio of 1:10 (w/v) beside to hydro-priming (soaking in water) and control (un-treatment), each with four replications. Seed germination (%), germination index (GI), germination speed index (SGI), germination rate (GR, day), mean germination rate (MGR, day), seedling shoot length (cm), seedling root length (cm), seedling length (cm), seedling fresh weight (g), seedling dry weights, (g) seedling vigor 1 (SV1) and seedling vigor 2 (SV2) were evaluated. Results showed that maximum value germination traits were found in hybrid 178 of Maize which soaked at 20 hours of duration, followed by soaked at 16 hours then at 12 hours soaking compared with un-soaked seed. The germination and seedling characters, improved with soaking in Moringa leaves extract. 0.25 g/mm MLE. was the best treatment, followed by 0.5 (g) and hydro-priming gave higher values, as to seed germination and seed vigour compared with other treatment. Field emergence experiment gave the best values for dry weight(g) and seedling vigour (SVII) with 0.25 g/mm then 0.5 g/mm and hydro-priming under soaked seed to 20 hour com. This suggests that soaking in Moringa leaves extract as 0.25 concentrate under 20 hour soaking was a suitable treatment that can improve germination and seedling growth in hybrid 178 maize.","PeriodicalId":10942,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemistry Letters","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78732984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.ccl.2022.6.002
Itnawita Itnawita, Zamri Adel, G. F. Kartika, S. Anita, T. A. Hanifah, G. Guntur, U. Shyfaa
Flavanol compounds are chalcone derivatives, generally found in hydroxy substituted forms that can act as ligands. Hydroxy-substituted flavonols are found in many plants but in very small amounts. In order to enrich and expand the use of this compound as a ligand, the synthetic methods were carried out through structural variations, one of which was by substitution using chloride and then the compound (2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-chromene-4-one) was obtained. In this research, the study was conducted using the compound (2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-chromene-4-one) as a ligand for complex formation with copper (II). From the results of the study, the mole ratio of the ligand with copper (II) metal was 2:1, pH 7.01 with a complex stability time of 15-25 minutes. The complex formed is bright yellow in color and soluble in chloroform. From the characterization of the resulted complex, it was appeared that Cu-flavonol chloride with UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed maximum absorption at wavelengths 273 and 429 indicating the presence of benzoyl and cinnamoyl peaks, with FT-IR showing the wave number 1545cm-1 indicating the presence of Cu=O-Cu bonds and absorption at 682 cm-1 indicating the presence of Cu-O bonds.
{"title":"Use of the compound (2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-chromene-4-one) as a ligand complex formation by copper (II)","authors":"Itnawita Itnawita, Zamri Adel, G. F. Kartika, S. Anita, T. A. Hanifah, G. Guntur, U. Shyfaa","doi":"10.5267/j.ccl.2022.6.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2022.6.002","url":null,"abstract":"Flavanol compounds are chalcone derivatives, generally found in hydroxy substituted forms that can act as ligands. Hydroxy-substituted flavonols are found in many plants but in very small amounts. In order to enrich and expand the use of this compound as a ligand, the synthetic methods were carried out through structural variations, one of which was by substitution using chloride and then the compound (2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-chromene-4-one) was obtained. In this research, the study was conducted using the compound (2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-chromene-4-one) as a ligand for complex formation with copper (II). From the results of the study, the mole ratio of the ligand with copper (II) metal was 2:1, pH 7.01 with a complex stability time of 15-25 minutes. The complex formed is bright yellow in color and soluble in chloroform. From the characterization of the resulted complex, it was appeared that Cu-flavonol chloride with UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed maximum absorption at wavelengths 273 and 429 indicating the presence of benzoyl and cinnamoyl peaks, with FT-IR showing the wave number 1545cm-1 indicating the presence of Cu=O-Cu bonds and absorption at 682 cm-1 indicating the presence of Cu-O bonds.","PeriodicalId":10942,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemistry Letters","volume":"8 9-10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75003450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.ccl.2021.9.005
O. Elhady, Erian. S. Mansour, M. Elwassimy, Sameh A. Zawam, A. Drar
Many of mimic analogues synthesized before depending on the change in the structure of aromatic rings. In this work, the carbonyl group in the structure of compounds 1-4 converted to thiocarbonyl group, and then studying the toxicological activity due to chemical change in the active center of mimic analogues was performed for compounds N-tert-butyl-2,4-dichloro-N'-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)benzohydrazide (2) and N-tert-butyl-2,4-dichloro-N'-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)carbonothioyl]benzenecarbothiohydrazide (6). The toxicological study was done by using 2nd and 4th instar larvae of the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Five concentration levels (600, 300, 150, 75 and 37.5 ppm) of compounds (2) and (6) were applied on the fresh plant food to the newly grown (2nd and 4th) instar larvae.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of some new tebufenozide analogues and study their toxicological effect against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)","authors":"O. Elhady, Erian. S. Mansour, M. Elwassimy, Sameh A. Zawam, A. Drar","doi":"10.5267/j.ccl.2021.9.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2021.9.005","url":null,"abstract":"Many of mimic analogues synthesized before depending on the change in the structure of aromatic rings. In this work, the carbonyl group in the structure of compounds 1-4 converted to thiocarbonyl group, and then studying the toxicological activity due to chemical change in the active center of mimic analogues was performed for compounds N-tert-butyl-2,4-dichloro-N'-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)benzohydrazide (2) and N-tert-butyl-2,4-dichloro-N'-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)carbonothioyl]benzenecarbothiohydrazide (6). The toxicological study was done by using 2nd and 4th instar larvae of the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Five concentration levels (600, 300, 150, 75 and 37.5 ppm) of compounds (2) and (6) were applied on the fresh plant food to the newly grown (2nd and 4th) instar larvae.","PeriodicalId":10942,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemistry Letters","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86117869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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