Addiction最新文献

{"title":"Measuring craving: A systematic review and mapping of assessment instruments. What about sexual craving?","authors":"Cécile Miele,&nbsp;Julien Cabé,&nbsp;Nicolas Cabé,&nbsp;Ingrid Bertsch,&nbsp;Georges Brousse,&nbsp;Bruno Pereira,&nbsp;Valérie Moulin,&nbsp;Servane Barrault","doi":"10.1111/add.16287","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16287","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Craving is central in the definition of addictive disorders because of its diagnostic and prognostic value. Its measurement is essential in clinical practice. Previous reviews provided a better overview of existing instruments; however, they do not consider emerging substances and behaviors such as sexual addictions. Our objectives were threefold: (1) to provide a systematic review of craving assessment instruments and their psychometric characteristics within a transdiagnostic approach, (2) to highlight and map their conceptual relationships and (3) to identify potential sexual craving assessment instruments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. The PubMed, Embase, PsychInfo and Cochrane/Central databases were searched for publications that met the following inclusion criterion: validation studies of craving assessment instruments, regardless of target substance or behavior. The original search identified 4561 references and included 147 articles. Each selected study was a peer-reviewed publication.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review provides a synthesis of the psychometric properties of 36 original instruments and identified 93 variations of these instruments (e.g. translations). We were able to highlight five transdiagnostic families of instruments, each corresponding to a conceptual model. Only one instrument for assessing craving in the domain of compulsive sexual behavior, focused on pornography use, has been identified: the Pornography Craving Questionnaire.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review mapped all craving assessment instruments from a transdiagnostic perspective, finding 36 original instruments and 93 variations. The evolution of instruments to measure craving mirrors the evolution of the concept of craving which has progressively integrated cognitive, conditioning and sensory dimensions, and attests to the importance of the context of assessment. Development of an instrument to measure ‘sexual craving’ is needed and could be based on the data from our review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"118 12","pages":"2277-2314"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9870596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of cannabis legalization and decriminalization on acute poisoning: A systematic review","authors":"Sara Allaf,&nbsp;Jessy S. Lim,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Buckley,&nbsp;Rose Cairns","doi":"10.1111/add.16280","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16280","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many countries have recently legalized medicinal and recreational cannabis. With increasing use and access come the potential for harms. We aimed to examine the effect of cannabis legalization/decriminalization on acute poisoning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review and meta-analysis registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022323437). We searched Embase, Medline, Scopus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to March 2022. No restrictions on language, age or geography were applied. Abstracts from three main clinical toxicology conferences were hand-searched. Included studies had to report on poisonings before and after changes in cannabis legislation, including legalization and decriminalization of medicinal and recreational cannabis. Where possible, relative risk (RR) of poisoning after legalization (versus before) was calculated and pooled. Risk of bias was assessed with ROBINS-I.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 1065 articles retrieved, 30 met inclusion criteria (including 10 conference abstracts). Studies used data from the United States, Canada and Thailand. Studies examined legalization of medicinal cannabis (<i>n</i> = 14) and decriminalization or legalization of recreational cannabis (<i>n</i> = 21). Common data sources included poisons centre records (<i>n</i> = 18) and hospital presentations/admissions (<i>n</i> = 15, individual studies could report multiple intervention types and multiple data sources). Most studies (<i>n</i> = 19) investigated paediatric poisoning. Most (<i>n</i> = 24) reported an increase in poisonings; however, the magnitude varied greatly. Twenty studies were included in quantitative analysis, with RRs ranging from 0.81 to 29.00. Our pooled estimate indicated an increase in poisoning after legalization [RR = 3.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.43–5.20], which was greater in studies that focused on paediatric patients (RR = 4.31, 95% CI = 2.30–8.07).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most studies on the effect of medicinal or recreational cannabis legalization/decriminalization on acute poisoning reported a rise in cannabis poisoning after legalization/decriminalization. Most evidence is from US legalization, despite legalization and decriminalization in many countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"118 12","pages":"2252-2274"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10253068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint effects of substance use disorders and recent substance use on HIV viral non-suppression among people engaged in HIV care in an urban clinic, 2014–2019","authors":"Catherine R. Lesko,&nbsp;Oluwaseun O. Falade-Nwulia,&nbsp;Jarratt D. Pytell,&nbsp;Heidi E. Hutton,&nbsp;Anthony T. Fojo,&nbsp;Jeanne C. Keruly,&nbsp;Richard D. Moore,&nbsp;Geetanjali Chander","doi":"10.1111/add.16301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16301","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To estimate the joint effects of substance use disorder (SUD) and recent substance use on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) non-suppression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective clinical cohort study with repeated observations within individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Baltimore, Maryland, United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Participants</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1881 patients contributed 10 794 observations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The primary independent variable was the combination of history of SUD and recent substance use. History of SUD was defined as any prior International Classification of Diseases 9/10 code for cocaine or opioid disorder. Recent substance use was defined as the self-report of cocaine or non-prescribed opioid use on the National Institute of Drug Abuse-modified Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test or clinician-documented cocaine or opioid use abstracted from the medical record. The outcome was viral non-suppression, defined as HIV RNA &gt;200 copies/mL on the first viral load measurement within 1 year subsequent to each observation of substance use. We adjusted for birth sex, Black race, age, HIV acquisition risk factors, years in care and CD4 cell count. In secondary analyses, we also adjusted for depressive, anxiety and panic symptoms, cannabis use and cannabis use disorder.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>On their first observation, 31% of patients had a history of an SUD and 18% had recent substance use. Relative to no history of SUD and no recent substance use, the 1-year fully adjusted risk difference (RD) for viral non-suppression associated with cocaine and opioid use disorder and recent substance use was 7.7% (95% CI = 5.3%–10.0%), the RD was 5.5% (95% CI = 1.2%–9.7%) for history of cocaine use disorder without recent substance use, and the RD was 4.6% (95% CI = 2.7%–6.5%) for recent substance use without a SUD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Substance use and substance use disorders appear to be highly prevalent among, and independently associated with, viral non-suppression among people with HIV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"118 11","pages":"2193-2202"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41085126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Addiction handles disagreements over potentially harmful terminology","authors":"Keith Humphreys,&nbsp;Rob Calder,&nbsp;John Marsden,&nbsp;Ed Day","doi":"10.1111/add.16302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16302","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A peer reviewer of a submitted paper on methadone maintenance states that she avoids the author’s term ‘opioid agonist therapy’ because new patients associate it with agony and become less willing to try the medication. She recommends ‘opioid substitution therapy’ instead. When the author uses this term in a revised submission, a different reviewer says that this term implicitly supports the canard that ‘methadone just substitutes one addiction for another’. Trying to moderate the dispute, an assistant editor proposes ‘medication-assisted treatment’, to which everyone agrees. When the paper is published, a reader writes in, angrily declaring that the author is putting lives at risks by ignoring the evidence that the main benefit of methadone comes from medication rather than it merely being an assist to the ‘real treatment’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;What are authors, editors and reviewers to do when people who are sincerely and laudably interested in avoiding language that harms vulnerable people do not agree on what is harmful and what is not? One approach is for journals to create an extensive listing of terms that will and will not be allowed to appear in papers, monographs and website content. Our journal does enforce a few language rules; for example, referring to urinalysis results indicating drug use as ‘positive’ rather than ‘dirty’ [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] and avoiding the term substance ‘abuse’. We would also, of course, not allow racially or ethnically derogatory language were it ever included in submitted papers, but in living memory it has not been.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, after internal discussion the editorial team has decided not to attempt to generate a more lengthy list of forbidden terms because &lt;i&gt;Addiction&lt;/i&gt; is a global, interdisciplinary journal whose readers and authors have diverse, competing opinions on what language is harmful and what is not. We instead follow four principles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some of the earliest activists who use drugs in the Netherlands labelled themselves the ‘junkie-bond’ [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. Members of 12-Step groups often refer to themselves as ‘addicts’ or ‘alcoholics’ [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. Some are horrified that people would choose to refer to themselves by terms they regard as stigmatizing, but in articles where someone is speaking about themselves in the first person we leave that decision up to the person concerned. Otherwise, we are in the position of putatively advocating for someone while simultaneously trying to deprive them of their right to speak and to define themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Calling people what they want to be called is a sign of respect and a good practice to avoid harm. At the same time, the diversity within vulnerable populations on preferred labels should not be underestimated. For example, in the mental health field, some individuals want to be called ‘service users’, others endorse ‘patients’, others prefer ‘people who use services’ and still others plump for ‘consumer/survivors’ [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, that a te","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"118 10","pages":"1833-1834"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.16302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5804424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief, cognitive-behavioral intervention to promote treatment seeking in adults with severe alcohol use disorder: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Kenneth R. Conner,&nbsp;Stephen A. Maisto,&nbsp;Beau Abar,&nbsp;Sarah Szafranski,&nbsp;Andrew Chiang,&nbsp;Morica Hutchison,&nbsp;Aileen Aldalur,&nbsp;Tracy Stecker","doi":"10.1111/add.16300","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16300","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;There is little RCT evidence that brief interventions improve treatment seeking in individuals with severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) or treatment seeking reduces alcohol use. The aim was to test the efficacy of a brief intervention to increase treatment seeking in treatment naïve adults with severe AUD and measure its effects on alcohol use.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Parallel group, non-pharmacologic RCT with intervention (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 197) and active control (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 203) conditions, with blinded assessors conducting follow-ups at 1, 3 and 6 months.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Setting&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Online recruitment in a 17-county region of upstate New York, USA.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Participants&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Inclusion criteria consisted of ages ≥18 years, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score ≥16, exceeds recommended limits for alcohol use and no history of AUD treatment. &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 400; 50% female; 79% white; mean age, 40.7; mean education, 14.6 years.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Intervention and comparator&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;One-session telephone-delivered interventions: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Treatment Seeking (CBT-TS; intervention), review of a National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism pamphlet on AUD treatment (control).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Measurements&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Self-report of any AUD treatment use over 3 months (primary outcome) and two standard measures of alcohol use over 6 months (secondary outcomes).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Findings&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Intent-to-treat analyses were used. Assessment follow-up rates were ≥93%. Any alcohol-related treatment use over 3-month follow-up was obtained by 38 (19%) intervention participants and 36 (18%) control participants, a non-significant difference, χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; [1] = 0.16, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.689. Secondary analysis showed a significant interaction term between sex and intervention assignment (β = −1.197, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.027). The interaction suggested CBT-TS was effective in men (22% vs 13%), although the evidence was somewhat weak (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.071), and it was not effective in women (17% vs 24%).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A one-session cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention to increase treatment seeking in treatment naïve adults with severe a","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"118 12","pages":"2342-2351"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10209590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a cascade of care framework to identify gaps in access to medications for alcohol use disorder in British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Maria Eugenia Socias,&nbsp;Frank Xavier Scheuermeyer,&nbsp;Zizhan Cui,&nbsp;Wing Yin Mok,&nbsp;Alexis Crabtree,&nbsp;Nadia Fairbairn,&nbsp;Seonaid Nolan,&nbsp;Amanda Slaunwhite,&nbsp;Lianping Ti","doi":"10.1111/add.16273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16273","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the significant burden of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and availability of safe and effective medications for AUD (MAUD), population-level estimates of access and engagement in AUD-related care are limited. The aims of this study were to generate a cascade of care for AUD in British Columbia (BC), Canada, and to estimate the impacts of MAUD on health outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a retrospective population-based cohort study using linked administrative health data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>British Columbia, Canada, 2015–2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Participants</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a 20% random sample of BC residents, we identified 7231 people with moderate-to-severe alcohol use disorder (PWAUD; overall prevalence = 0.7%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We developed a six-stage AUD cascade (from diagnosis to ≥6 months retention in MAUD) among PWAUD. We evaluated trends over time and estimated the impacts of access to MAUD on AUD-related hospitalizations, emergency department visits and death.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between 2015 and 2019, linkage to AUD-related care decreased (from 80.4% to 46.5%). However, rates of MAUD initiation (11.4% to 24.1%) and retention for ≥1 (7.0% to 18.2%), ≥3 (1.2% to 4.3%) or ≥6 months (0.2% to 1.6%) increased significantly. In adjusted analyses, access to MAUD was associated with reduced odds of experiencing any AUD-related adverse outcomes, with longer retention in MAUD showing a trend to greater odds reduction: adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) ranging from 0.59 (0.48–0.71) for MAUD retention &lt;1 month to 0.37 (0.21–0.67) for ≥6 months retention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Access to medications for alcohol use disorder among people with moderate-to-severe alcohol use disorder in British Colombia, Canada increased between 2015 and 2019; however, initiation and retention remained low. There was a trend between longer retention in medications for alcohol use disorder and greater reductions in the odds of experiencing alcohol use disorder-related adverse outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"118 11","pages":"2128-2138"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.16273","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41085082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addiction: A treatise from 1561","authors":"Louise Nadeau,&nbsp;Marc Valleur","doi":"10.1111/add.16298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16298","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 1561, physician and philosopher Pascasius Justus Turq published a monograph on the description and treatment of pathological gambling. When the monograph came to the attention of the authors in 2006, there existed no known translation of it in any modern language. In 2014, it was translated and published in French. This paper analyses the monograph’s key content elements and its place in the history of the concept of addiction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A contextual analysis of the late Italian Renaissance, followed by key excerpts from the text and commentaries on the meaning and significance of the monograph.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings and conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pascasius Justus Turq’s 1561 monograph on pathological gambling outlines a disease view of gambling, identifies cognitive processes and biological vulnerabilities as aetiological factors, avoids religious or moral judgements and recommends cognitive treatment to change the beliefs and expectancies of gamblers. This study shows that a ‘disease formulation’ of addiction was enunciated as early as the 16th century, and its contemporary resonance suggests that current clinical features of addictive disorders have existed for centuries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"118 11","pages":"2235-2241"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.16298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41085075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call for papers on disposable e-cigarettes","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/add.16307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16307","url":null,"abstract":"<p>E-cigarettes have loomed large in tobacco control, regulatory science, addiction research and policy debates over the last decade. Early e-cigarettes were disposable devices that closely resembled cigarettes (widely described as cigalikes) and were relatively poor at delivering nicotine [<span>1, 2</span>]. Subsequent generations of e-cigarettes were developed that were rechargeable and included refillable tanks or replaceable cartridges or (later) pods [<span>3</span>], and typically delivered nicotine increasingly more effectively than earlier devices [<span>4, 5</span>]. Research established that nicotine e-cigarettes are more effective for smoking cessation than nicotine replacement therapy [<span>6</span>], less harmful than cigarettes [<span>7</span>] and principally attracted people who had previously smoked cigarettes regularly, or were likely to have done so in the future [<span>8</span>].</p><p>Since around 2021, a new form of disposable e-cigarettes has become popular in many countries. These disposable devices typically deliver nicotine more effectively by using a similar technology to pod devices and including a relatively high-strength nicotine salt e-liquid (20 mg/ml), are sold cheaply (for as little as £2.99 in the UK), and under a variety of brand names (e.g., ‘Crystal Bar’, ‘Elf Bar’, ‘Lost Mary’). From 2021 to 2022, use of disposable e-cigarettes rose sharply in Great Britain as these new products rapidly became popular among younger people (&lt;25 year-olds) [<span>9, 10</span>]. Similar trends have been observed elsewhere, including among US, Australian and New Zealand youth [<span>11-16</span>]. The speed and extent of the increase in use of disposable e-cigarettes suggests a sizeable proportion of the youth population who were likely to have never smoked may now have been attracted to use these products.</p><p>From a public health point of view, the aim is to maximise the opportunity e-cigarettes present to help people to quit smoking, while minimising the risks of e-cigarettes being used by large numbers of young people who have never smoked. There is an urgent need for new research to estimate their likely public health impact of disposable e-cigarettes and to inform appropriate regulation.</p><p><b>Guest Editors:</b></p><p>Jamie Brown, University College London Tobacco and Alcohol Research Group, UK – <span>[email protected]</span></p><p>Suzanne Colby, Brown University School of Public Health, USA – <span>[email protected]</span></p><p>Natalie Walker, University of Auckland National Institute for Health Innovation, New Zealand – <span>[email protected]</span></p><p>Please direct any general enquiries to Molly Jarvis, Editorial Manager and Commissioning Editor – <span>[email protected]</span></p><p><b>Deadline for submissions: 31 December 2023.</b></p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"118 10","pages":"1831-1832"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.16307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5748896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between job satisfaction and current smoking and change in smoking behavior: a 16-year longitudinal study in South Korea","authors":"Seong-Uk Baek,&nbsp;Won-Tae Lee,&nbsp;Min-Seok Kim,&nbsp;Myeong-Hun Lim,&nbsp;Jin-Ha Yoon,&nbsp;Jong-Uk Won","doi":"10.1111/add.16293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16293","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous studies have found that job satisfaction is closely associated with various health outcomes of workers. Our study measured the association between job satisfaction and current smoking and change in smoking behavior.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from the longitudinal Korea Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) that consist of nationally representative samples were used. The repeated measures analysis was conducted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>South Korea, 2005–2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Participants</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 21 154 workers in Korea followed from 2005 to 2021 (145 120 observations) were included as study participants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The main predictor variable, job satisfaction, was assessed using a five-item general job satisfaction questionnaire. Job satisfaction was classified into ‘dissatisfied’, ‘neutral’ and ‘satisfied’, according to the tertiles of the sum of scores. The outcomes of interest were current smoking and initiation and cessation of smoking in the subsequent year.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with those with a neutral level of job satisfaction, those who reported dissatisfaction with their job had an increased risk of smoking initiation [odds ratio (OR) = 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.22)]. Workers satisfied with their jobs were associated with a decreased likelihood of current smoking (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94–0.98) and smoking initiation (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.81–0.99). There was a positive relationship between cumulative years of job dissatisfaction and smoking risk: &gt; 4 years of experiencing job dissatisfaction was positively related to current smoking (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.06–1.24) and smoking initiation (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.00–1.49) and negatively related to smoking cessation (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72–0.99).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Korea, job dissatisfaction appears to be associated with an increased risk of smoking initiation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"118 11","pages":"2118-2127"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41085210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare costs and use before and after opioid overdose in Veterans Health Administration patients with opioid use disorder","authors":"Vilija R. Joyce,&nbsp;Elizabeth M. Oliva,&nbsp;Carla C. Garcia,&nbsp;Jodie Trafton,&nbsp;Steven M. Asch,&nbsp;Todd H. Wagner,&nbsp;Keith Humphreys,&nbsp;Douglas K. Owens,&nbsp;Mark Bounthavong","doi":"10.1111/add.16289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16289","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To compare healthcare costs and use between United States (US) Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) who experienced an opioid overdose (OD cohort) and patients with OUD who did not experience an opioid overdose (non-OD cohort).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This is a retrospective cohort study of administrative and clinical data.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Setting&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The largest integrated national health-care system is the US Veterans Health Administration's healthcare systems.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Participants&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We included VHA patients diagnosed with OUD from October 1, 2017 through September 30, 2018. We identified the index date of overdose for patients who had an overdose. Our control group, which included patients with OUD who did not have an overdose, was randomly assigned an index date. A total of 66 513 patients with OUD were included for analysis (OD cohort: &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1413; non-OD cohort: &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 65 100).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Measurements&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Monthly adjusted healthcare-related costs and use in the year before and after the index date. We used generalized estimating equation models to compare patients with an opioid overdose and controls in a difference-in-differences framework.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Findings&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Compared with the non-OD cohort, an opioid overdose was associated with an increase of $16 890 [95% confidence interval (CI) = $15 611–18 169; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001] in healthcare costs for an estimated $23.9 million in direct costs to VHA (95% CI = $22.1 million, $25.7 million) within the 30 days following overdose after adjusting for baseline characteristics. Inpatient costs ($13 515; 95% CI = $12 378–14 652; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) reflected most of this increase. Inpatient days (+6.15 days; 95% CI, = 5.33–6.97; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), inpatient admissions (+1.01 admissions; 95% CI = 0.93–1.10; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and outpatient visits (+1.59 visits; 95% CI = 1.34–1.84; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) also increased in the month after opioid overdose. Within the overdose cohort, healthcare costs and use remained higher in the year after overdose compared with pre-overdose trends.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"118 11","pages":"2203-2214"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.16289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41085211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}