Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.2174/0115748855292051240327084430
Divya Jha, Aakriti Garg, M. A. Khan
Orexin receptor antagonists (ORAs) are the emerging class of hypnotics used for the treatment of insomnia. However, from the available literature, the effect of ORA on cognitive functions is not clear yet. Therefore, the current study aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of ORA on cognitive function from available clinical studies. The extensive literature search was conducted in various databases, including Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov, using suitable keywords. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (ROB2). We obtained a total of 450 articles from different databases. Finally, 07 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the current systematic review for qualitative analysis. Available literature showed conflicting results, with few studies showing no impact of ORA on cognitive function, while others reported dose-dependent adverse effects of ORA on cognitive function. The risk of bias in included studies was found to be low. In conclusion, ORA is generally safe in clinical doses. However, it is important to note that there is a dose-dependent decline in cognitive function after the administration of ORA. Therefore, clinicians must be careful while prescribing ORA and adjust the dose as per the needs of the individual patients and the potential risk factors.
苏醒素受体拮抗剂（ORA）是一类新兴的用于治疗失眠的催眠药。然而，从现有文献来看，ORA对认知功能的影响尚不明确。因此，本研究旨在从现有的临床研究中系统评估 ORA 对认知功能的影响。我们使用合适的关键词在 Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane Library 和 clinicaltrials.gov 等多个数据库中进行了广泛的文献检索。我们从不同的数据库中共获得 450 篇文章。最后，有 07 篇文章符合纳入标准，被纳入本次系统综述进行定性分析。现有文献显示了相互矛盾的结果，少数研究显示 ORA 对认知功能没有影响，而其他研究则报告了 ORA 对认知功能的剂量依赖性不良影响。总之，ORA 的临床剂量一般是安全的。然而，需要注意的是，服用 ORA 后认知功能的下降与剂量有关。因此，临床医生在开具 ORA 处方时必须谨慎，并根据患者的个体需求和潜在的风险因素调整剂量。
{"title":"Effects of Orexin Receptor Antagonist on Cognitive Function in Adults: A\u0000Systematic Review","authors":"Divya Jha, Aakriti Garg, M. A. Khan","doi":"10.2174/0115748855292051240327084430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855292051240327084430","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Orexin receptor antagonists (ORAs) are the emerging class of hypnotics\u0000used for the treatment of insomnia. However, from the available literature, the effect of ORA on\u0000cognitive functions is not clear yet. Therefore, the current study aimed to systematically evaluate the\u0000effect of ORA on cognitive function from available clinical studies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The extensive literature search was conducted in various databases, including Pubmed,\u0000Embase, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov, using suitable keywords. The quality of the included\u0000studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (ROB2).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We obtained a total of 450 articles from different databases. Finally, 07 articles met the\u0000inclusion criteria and were included in the current systematic review for qualitative analysis. Available\u0000literature showed conflicting results, with few studies showing no impact of ORA on cognitive\u0000function, while others reported dose-dependent adverse effects of ORA on cognitive function. The\u0000risk of bias in included studies was found to be low.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In conclusion, ORA is generally safe in clinical doses. However, it is important to note\u0000that there is a dose-dependent decline in cognitive function after the administration of ORA. Therefore,\u0000clinicians must be careful while prescribing ORA and adjust the dose as per the needs of the\u0000individual patients and the potential risk factors.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140743134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.2174/0115748855257230230919111500
R. Kadian, Arun Nanda
The aim of this research work was to investigate the potential ability of cilnidipineloaded- Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS) to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of cilnidipine. The limited oral bioavailability of BCS class II drugs restricts the clinical utility of drugs. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) are widely used for poorly water-soluble drugs to enhance their solubility and oral bioavailability. The therapeutic value of drugs is constrained by the low oral bioavailability of BCS class II drugs. In order to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, SEDDS are frequently utilised. To develop the cilnidipine-loaded-SEDDS formulation, Canola oil as the oil phase, tween 80 as the surfactant, and PEG 300 as the co-surfactant were used. The SEDDS formulation was evaluated based on stability study per ICH guidelines, drug precipitation during in-vitro lipolysis study under fasted and fed state, and in vivo pharmacodynamic study in Wistar rats. The content of the drug was determined by assay of SEDDS formulation using the official method of cilnidipine. The pharmacodynamic study demonstrated that cilnidipine-loaded SEDDS formulation significantly produced a rapid antihypertensive effect (within 2 h) that lasted for 24 h in comparison to drug suspension. During the in vitro lipolysis study, the concentration of the drug recovered from the aqueous phase under both fasted and fed state was more than 90% after 10 minutes, with a minute amount of drug involved in precipitation. At stability conditions of 30±2 °C/65±5%RH for a duration of six months, the SEDDS formulation was found to be stable. The content of cilnidipine in the SEDDS formulation was found to be 98.4%. A BCS class-II drug's oral bioavailability and dissolution might be improved using the self-emulsifying drug delivery method.
{"title":"In-vitro Lipolysis, Stability and Pharmacodynamic Study of Cilnidipine Loaded Self-emulsifying Drug Delivery System","authors":"R. Kadian, Arun Nanda","doi":"10.2174/0115748855257230230919111500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855257230230919111500","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The aim of this research work was to investigate the potential ability of cilnidipineloaded-\u0000Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS) to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability\u0000of cilnidipine.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The limited oral bioavailability of BCS class II drugs restricts the clinical utility of drugs. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) are widely used for poorly water-soluble drugs to enhance their solubility and oral bioavailability.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The therapeutic value of drugs is constrained by the low oral bioavailability of BCS\u0000class II drugs. In order to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble\u0000drugs, SEDDS are frequently utilised.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To develop the cilnidipine-loaded-SEDDS formulation, Canola oil as the oil phase, tween\u000080 as the surfactant, and PEG 300 as the co-surfactant were used. The SEDDS formulation was\u0000evaluated based on stability study per ICH guidelines, drug precipitation during in-vitro lipolysis\u0000study under fasted and fed state, and in vivo pharmacodynamic study in Wistar rats. The content of\u0000the drug was determined by assay of SEDDS formulation using the official method of cilnidipine.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The pharmacodynamic study demonstrated that cilnidipine-loaded SEDDS formulation significantly\u0000produced a rapid antihypertensive effect (within 2 h) that lasted for 24 h in comparison to\u0000drug suspension. During the in vitro lipolysis study, the concentration of the drug recovered from\u0000the aqueous phase under both fasted and fed state was more than 90% after 10 minutes, with a minute\u0000amount of drug involved in precipitation. At stability conditions of 30±2 °C/65±5%RH for a\u0000duration of six months, the SEDDS formulation was found to be stable. The content of cilnidipine\u0000in the SEDDS formulation was found to be 98.4%.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A BCS class-II drug's oral bioavailability and dissolution might be improved using the\u0000self-emulsifying drug delivery method.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140750033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.2174/0115748855295089240322081903
R. Tiwari, Afza Ahmad, Rafia Shekh, Ratnakar Shukla, Preeti Bajpai
Leishmaniasis represents a pool of debilitating clinical manifestations affecting several individuals globally. The disease remains a serious global health and affects individuals in tropical and subtropical regions. The disease is endemic in several areas of South America, East Africa, the Indian sub-continent and the Mediterranean basin. The bite of female Phlebotomine sand establishes the infection of the Leishmania parasite within human flies belonging to the family Psychodidae (subfamily: Phlebotominae) of class Diptera. Several species of Leishmania parasite serve as the infectious trigger associated with varying clinical presentation of the disease. The immune response against the different parasitizing species varies, resulting in a complex response by innate immune cells. The present review summarizes some of the key innate immune effector cells involved during the infection with the Leishmania parasite in a quest to provide a deeper understanding of Leishmania- mediated immunobiology. The review also summarizes an up-to-date understanding of several strategies adopted by the parasite to evade immune response mediated by altering the functioning of some key innate immune effector cells. A better understanding of these immuno-biological events within the infected individual would help formulate immune-therapeutical interventions against the disease.
{"title":"Innate Immune Effectors and Leishmania: an Overview of Complexities","authors":"R. Tiwari, Afza Ahmad, Rafia Shekh, Ratnakar Shukla, Preeti Bajpai","doi":"10.2174/0115748855295089240322081903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855295089240322081903","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Leishmaniasis represents a pool of debilitating clinical manifestations affecting several\u0000individuals globally. The disease remains a serious global health and affects individuals in tropical\u0000and subtropical regions. The disease is endemic in several areas of South America, East Africa, the\u0000Indian sub-continent and the Mediterranean basin. The bite of female Phlebotomine sand establishes\u0000the infection of the Leishmania parasite within human flies belonging to the family Psychodidae\u0000(subfamily: Phlebotominae) of class Diptera. Several species of Leishmania parasite serve as the infectious\u0000trigger associated with varying clinical presentation of the disease. The immune response\u0000against the different parasitizing species varies, resulting in a complex response by innate immune\u0000cells. The present review summarizes some of the key innate immune effector cells involved during\u0000the infection with the Leishmania parasite in a quest to provide a deeper understanding of Leishmania-\u0000mediated immunobiology. The review also summarizes an up-to-date understanding of several\u0000strategies adopted by the parasite to evade immune response mediated by altering the functioning of\u0000some key innate immune effector cells. A better understanding of these immuno-biological events\u0000within the infected individual would help formulate immune-therapeutical interventions against the\u0000disease.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.2174/0115748855288101240320061757
Trilochan Satapathy, Yogesh Kumar, R. K. Pandey, S. Shukla, Shiv Kumar Bhardwaj, Beena Gidwani
Traditional medicine in many countries, including those where Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierreis grown, uses the plant for a wide variety of purposes, including the treatment of piles, skin problems, and wounds. The objective of the present study was to discuss the medicinal value and chemical composition of flavonoids obtained from P. pinnata. All parts of the plant contain several phytoconstituents responsible for biological activity. These compounds include numerous types of flavonoid derivatives, such as flavones and flavans, as well as terpenes, steroids, and fatty acids. The information required about the plant and advancement in therapeutics was gathered from Pubmed, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library. Many different types of biological activity, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties, have been observed in plant products from this species in pharmacological research. However, more research into the plant's phytochemical profile and the complicated pharmacological effects is required. This is because our current understanding of the plant's chemical ingredients and the methods by which they exhibit certain biological activities is limited. Thus, information regarding active constituents is required to develop novel therapeutics and additional research on the toxicity of the other chemicals identified from this plant is necessary.
{"title":"A Review of the Medicinal Value and Chemical Composition of Flavonoids from Pongamia Pinnata: Recent Work in Drug Advancement and Therapeutics","authors":"Trilochan Satapathy, Yogesh Kumar, R. K. Pandey, S. Shukla, Shiv Kumar Bhardwaj, Beena Gidwani","doi":"10.2174/0115748855288101240320061757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855288101240320061757","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Traditional medicine in many countries, including those where Pongamia pinnata (L.)\u0000Pierreis grown, uses the plant for a wide variety of purposes, including the treatment of piles, skin\u0000problems, and wounds. The objective of the present study was to discuss the medicinal value and\u0000chemical composition of flavonoids obtained from P. pinnata. All parts of the plant contain several\u0000phytoconstituents responsible for biological activity. These compounds include numerous types of\u0000flavonoid derivatives, such as flavones and flavans, as well as terpenes, steroids, and fatty acids. The\u0000information required about the plant and advancement in therapeutics was gathered from Pubmed,\u0000ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library. Many different types of biological activity, including antioxidant,\u0000antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties, have been observed in plant products\u0000from this species in pharmacological research. However, more research into the plant's phytochemical\u0000profile and the complicated pharmacological effects is required. This is because our current\u0000understanding of the plant's chemical ingredients and the methods by which they exhibit certain biological\u0000activities is limited. Thus, information regarding active constituents is required to develop\u0000novel therapeutics and additional research on the toxicity of the other chemicals identified from this\u0000plant is necessary.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140789542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.2174/0115748855292471240319055530
Nihalini Kalita, M. Pathak, Siba Roy, Pervej Alom Barbhuiya, Lunasmrita Saikia, Tausif Mohammed Sanaur Rahman Mazumder, Saikat Sen
Diabetes is a serious and chronic metabolic disorder that is a result of a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Diabetes mellitus has become a worldwide pandemic. Drug discovery has been complicated by the high cost and time required for developing new drugs/agents. In the last 30 years, the number of FDA-approved medications has declined, boosting interest in drug repositioning or repurposing. Repurposing existing drugs may be a significant tool for lowering the financial burden that most nations bear while treating diabetic mellitus. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the repurposed pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus along with the diverse array of validation techniques employed in the process. For this review purpose, the authors have gone through a vast number of article sources from various scientific databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. Drug repurposing led to the discovery of a few anti-diabetic drugs which has been widely used for other pharmacological effects. Several medications, including celecoxib, buspirone, berberine, diacerein, methazolamide, and bromocriptine, have been effective in treating diabetic mellitus by various mechanisms like decreasing insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, inhibiting glucagon secretion and improving insulin sensitivity. The field of drug repurposing exhibits significant potential in tackling the obstacles presented by T2DM and other complex diseases. The conventional approaches to drug development have often been characterized by prolonged durations and high costs, resulting in significant delays in the discovery of effective medicines for conditions like T2DM. However, the strategy of drug repurposing presents a more streamlined and economically advantageous method for drug development.
糖尿病是一种严重的慢性代谢紊乱疾病，是遗传和环境因素复杂相互作用的结果。糖尿病已成为一种世界性流行病。由于开发新药/制剂所需的成本高、时间长，使药物发现工作变得复杂。在过去的 30 年中，美国食品及药物管理局批准的药物数量有所下降，从而激发了人们对药物再定位或再利用的兴趣。本综述旨在阐明用于治疗糖尿病的再利用药物，以及在此过程中采用的各种验证技术。为了撰写这篇综述，作者从谷歌学术、PubMed 和 Web of Science 等各种科学数据库中查阅了大量文章资料。包括塞来昔布、丁螺环酮、小檗碱、地卡瑞林、甲唑胺和溴隐亭在内的几种药物通过各种机制有效治疗糖尿病，如降低胰岛素抵抗、高血糖、抑制胰高血糖素分泌和改善胰岛素敏感性。传统的药物开发方法往往耗时长、成本高，导致治疗 T2DM 等疾病的有效药物的发现严重滞后。然而，药物再利用战略是一种更简化、更经济的药物开发方法。
{"title":"Prospects of Repurposed Drugs in Diabetes Mellitus: A Current Update","authors":"Nihalini Kalita, M. Pathak, Siba Roy, Pervej Alom Barbhuiya, Lunasmrita Saikia, Tausif Mohammed Sanaur Rahman Mazumder, Saikat Sen","doi":"10.2174/0115748855292471240319055530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855292471240319055530","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Diabetes is a serious and chronic metabolic disorder that is a result of a\u0000complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Diabetes mellitus has become a worldwide\u0000pandemic. Drug discovery has been complicated by the high cost and time required for developing\u0000new drugs/agents. In the last 30 years, the number of FDA-approved medications has declined, boosting\u0000interest in drug repositioning or repurposing. Repurposing existing drugs may be a significant\u0000tool for lowering the financial burden that most nations bear while treating diabetic mellitus.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the repurposed pharmaceutical agents for\u0000the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus along with the diverse array of validation techniques employed in\u0000the process.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000For this review purpose, the authors have gone through a vast number of article sources\u0000from various scientific databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Drug repurposing led to the discovery of a few anti-diabetic drugs which has been widely\u0000used for other pharmacological effects. Several medications, including celecoxib, buspirone, berberine,\u0000diacerein, methazolamide, and bromocriptine, have been effective in treating diabetic mellitus\u0000by various mechanisms like decreasing insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, inhibiting glucagon secretion\u0000and improving insulin sensitivity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The field of drug repurposing exhibits significant potential in tackling the obstacles presented\u0000by T2DM and other complex diseases. The conventional approaches to drug development have\u0000often been characterized by prolonged durations and high costs, resulting in significant delays in the\u0000discovery of effective medicines for conditions like T2DM. However, the strategy of drug repurposing\u0000presents a more streamlined and economically advantageous method for drug development.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.2174/0115748855288237240222072928
Ashish Srivastava, Anshuman Singh, Parul Srivastava, A. Wal, Pranay Wal, A. Yadav, Awani K Rai
Abstract: Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of lipid bilayers that have gained significant attention in the realm of drug delivery and therapeutic applications. They offer several advantages over traditional drug delivery systems, including: -Protection of drugs from degradation and clearance -Enhanced bioavailability - Reduced systemic toxicity - Precise, site-specific drug delivery To elucidate the multifaceted aspects of liposomes, from their fundamental structure and composition to their cutting-edge applications in medicine and biotechnology. This comprehensive review was conducted through a systematic search of relevant literature on liposomes. The search was limited to English-language articles published in the past 10 years. A total of 150 articles were selected for review based on their relevance and impact. The review provides a detailed overview of the following aspects of liposomes: -Structure and composition - Mechanism of action - Targeting strategies - Preparation methods - Biomedical and biotechnological applications Liposomes are a promising drug delivery platform with the potential to revolutionize the treatment of various diseases. Their unique properties, including biocompatibility, versatility, and tunability, render them ideal for encapsulating a wide range of therapeutic agents. The review highlights the significant progress made in liposome research in recent years, paving the way for their translation into clinical practice.
{"title":"Liposomes as Transformative Tools in Drug Delivery, Therapeutics, and\u0000Beyond","authors":"Ashish Srivastava, Anshuman Singh, Parul Srivastava, A. Wal, Pranay Wal, A. Yadav, Awani K Rai","doi":"10.2174/0115748855288237240222072928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855288237240222072928","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Abstract: Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of lipid bilayers that have gained significant\u0000attention in the realm of drug delivery and therapeutic applications. They offer several advantages\u0000over traditional drug delivery systems, including:\u0000\u0000-Protection of drugs from degradation and clearance\u0000-Enhanced bioavailability\u0000- Reduced systemic toxicity\u0000- Precise, site-specific drug delivery\u0000\u0000To elucidate the multifaceted aspects of liposomes, from their fundamental structure and composition\u0000to their cutting-edge applications in medicine and biotechnology.\u0000This comprehensive review was conducted through a systematic search of relevant literature on liposomes.\u0000The search was limited to English-language articles published in the past 10 years. A total\u0000of 150 articles were selected for review based on their relevance and impact.\u0000\u0000The review provides a detailed overview of the following aspects of liposomes:\u0000\u0000-Structure and composition\u0000- Mechanism of action\u0000- Targeting strategies\u0000- Preparation methods\u0000- Biomedical and biotechnological applications\u0000\u0000Liposomes are a promising drug delivery platform with the potential to revolutionize the treatment\u0000of various diseases. Their unique properties, including biocompatibility, versatility, and tunability,\u0000render them ideal for encapsulating a wide range of therapeutic agents. The review highlights the\u0000significant progress made in liposome research in recent years, paving the way for their translation\u0000into clinical practice.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140387290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.2174/0115748855284579240307063006
Ritika Singh, Manoj Kumar Mishra, Prasoon Pandey
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are one of the classes of nanoparticles that produce magnetic properties by manipulation using a magnetic field. These MNPs are currently used in the theranostics disease modification of surface properties of MNPs, achieved by surface engineering, which provides different applications, such as enhancing thermal and optical properties, biocompatibility, conductivity and also mechanical and chemical properties. Advancement in the technology leads to the development of MNPs. For this instance, surface coating is used at molecular and cellular levels. The uses of coating material are based on organic and inorganic molecules, including polymer, liposomes, micelles, metal oxide, gold-NPs etc. Using different coatings exhibits multifunction properties, and this helps reduce toxicity, helps in biomedical applications, maintains stability, restricts surface fouling, etc. This review provides an in-depth knowledge of surface-engineered magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) according to recent developments.
{"title":"Surface-engineered Multimodal Magnetic Nanoparticles: Scope and Applications","authors":"Ritika Singh, Manoj Kumar Mishra, Prasoon Pandey","doi":"10.2174/0115748855284579240307063006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855284579240307063006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are one of the classes of nanoparticles that produce magnetic\u0000properties by manipulation using a magnetic field. These MNPs are currently used in the\u0000theranostics disease modification of surface properties of MNPs, achieved by surface engineering,\u0000which provides different applications, such as enhancing thermal and optical properties, biocompatibility,\u0000conductivity and also mechanical and chemical properties. Advancement in the technology\u0000leads to the development of MNPs. For this instance, surface coating is used at molecular and cellular\u0000levels. The uses of coating material are based on organic and inorganic molecules, including polymer,\u0000liposomes, micelles, metal oxide, gold-NPs etc. Using different coatings exhibits multifunction properties,\u0000and this helps reduce toxicity, helps in biomedical applications, maintains stability, restricts\u0000surface fouling, etc. This review provides an in-depth knowledge of surface-engineered magnetic\u0000nanoparticles (MNPs) according to recent developments.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140230072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.2174/0115748855292178240223100534
Sushil Giri, Phool Chandra
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prominent area of study within the field of neurology, particularly neurodegenerative disease (ND). The peak incidence of PD occurs in those over the age of 45, and the disease’s prevalence rises continuously with age, the incidence of PD has skyrocketed over the world. A slow decline in neural function characterizes NDs, but the pathophysiological mechanisms behind this decline remain elusive. Because the pathophysiological mechanisms behind neurodegeneration are intricate, the clinical issue of finding efficient, multi-target treatments still exists. Furthermore, adequate neuroprotective medicines are currently scarce, necessitating the development of new therapeutic agents. There is currently no medicine for PD that is without side effects. The ability of natural flavonoids to lower the risk of PD has contributed to an increase in their popularity in recent years, models both in vivo and in vitro. Flavonoids are multi-target natural substances that affect distinct pathogenic pathways in neurodegeneration. As a result, the emphasis has turned to discovering natural product inhibitors for the treatment of PD. The majority of the results pointed to flavonoids' beneficial role in the treatment of PD and no adverse events were reported. This review offered scientific data on the protective and preventative functions of flavonoids. It has been demonstrated that flavonoids have a neuroprotective effect by activating anti-apoptotic mechanisms that target mitochondrial dysfunction and produce neurotrophic factors. In addition to having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and protective dopaminergic neurons. Even though no evidence using flavonoids as a treatment might reverse the abnormal phenotypes of PD patients, it was also indicated that flavonoids might be promising natural remedies for PD prevention and could be used as therapeutic agents against PD.
{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Natural Flavonoids: Pharmacological Targets,\u0000Signaling Pathways, Molecular Mechanisms, and Clinical Perspective on\u0000Parkinson's Disease","authors":"Sushil Giri, Phool Chandra","doi":"10.2174/0115748855292178240223100534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855292178240223100534","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prominent area of study within the field of neurology, particularly\u0000neurodegenerative disease (ND). The peak incidence of PD occurs in those over the age of\u000045, and the disease’s prevalence rises continuously with age, the incidence of PD has skyrocketed\u0000over the world. A slow decline in neural function characterizes NDs, but the pathophysiological\u0000mechanisms behind this decline remain elusive. Because the pathophysiological mechanisms behind\u0000neurodegeneration are intricate, the clinical issue of finding efficient, multi-target treatments still exists.\u0000Furthermore, adequate neuroprotective medicines are currently scarce, necessitating the development\u0000of new therapeutic agents. There is currently no medicine for PD that is without side effects.\u0000The ability of natural flavonoids to lower the risk of PD has contributed to an increase in their popularity\u0000in recent years, models both in vivo and in vitro. Flavonoids are multi-target natural substances\u0000that affect distinct pathogenic pathways in neurodegeneration. As a result, the emphasis has turned to\u0000discovering natural product inhibitors for the treatment of PD. The majority of the results pointed to\u0000flavonoids' beneficial role in the treatment of PD and no adverse events were reported. This review\u0000offered scientific data on the protective and preventative functions of flavonoids. It has been demonstrated\u0000that flavonoids have a neuroprotective effect by activating anti-apoptotic mechanisms that\u0000target mitochondrial dysfunction and produce neurotrophic factors. In addition to having antioxidant,\u0000anti-inflammatory, and protective dopaminergic neurons. Even though no evidence using flavonoids\u0000as a treatment might reverse the abnormal phenotypes of PD patients, it was also indicated that flavonoids\u0000might be promising natural remedies for PD prevention and could be used as therapeutic\u0000agents against PD.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.2174/0115748855297829240227072642
Shivam Malhotra, Shammy Jindal, Rajni Bala, R. Madaan
It was asserted that the manufacturing of liposomes, which was first disclosed in 1961, was a useful technology for drug encapsulation. Furthermore, there are several cosmetic items on the market now that include liposomes. The liposomes are novel drug carrier systems due to their similarity in lipid composition with the epidermal membrane. As a result, they penetrate the epidermis to a greater extent, showing enhanced skin absorption and increased effectiveness of the encapsulated drug molecule. This review briefly addresses the skin's anatomy, skin conditions, and the topical delivery of drugs for the treatment of skin diseases with emphasis on psoriasis by utilizing liposomes and other vesicular drug delivery systems along with challenges and opportunities in the treatment of skin diseases. When compared to alternative distribution methods, their resemblance to biological membranes enables entry into the epidermal barrier. Liposomes are good at penetrating the skin more deeply and reducing therapeutic side effects, which offers hope for the successful treatment of skin problems. Applying liposomes topically has several benefits, including better skin bioavailability and targeting, increased skin hydration by surface adhesiveness, protection of skin structure from external stress, and prolonged dermal release. Further, they have got potential to target the encapsulated drug molecule into pilosebaceous structure, making them an ideal candidate for the treatment of hair follicles and sebaceous gland disorder.
{"title":"Liposome as a Potential Drug Delivery System in Addressing Skin Diseases: A Review","authors":"Shivam Malhotra, Shammy Jindal, Rajni Bala, R. Madaan","doi":"10.2174/0115748855297829240227072642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855297829240227072642","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000It was asserted that the manufacturing of liposomes, which was first disclosed in 1961,\u0000was a useful technology for drug encapsulation. Furthermore, there are several cosmetic items on the\u0000market now that include liposomes. The liposomes are novel drug carrier systems due to their similarity\u0000in lipid composition with the epidermal membrane. As a result, they penetrate the epidermis to\u0000a greater extent, showing enhanced skin absorption and increased effectiveness of the encapsulated\u0000drug molecule.\u0000This review briefly addresses the skin's anatomy, skin conditions, and the topical delivery of drugs\u0000for the treatment of skin diseases with emphasis on psoriasis by utilizing liposomes and other vesicular\u0000drug delivery systems along with challenges and opportunities in the treatment of skin diseases.\u0000When compared to alternative distribution methods, their resemblance to biological membranes enables\u0000entry into the epidermal barrier. Liposomes are good at penetrating the skin more deeply and\u0000reducing therapeutic side effects, which offers hope for the successful treatment of skin problems.\u0000Applying liposomes topically has several benefits, including better skin bioavailability and targeting,\u0000increased skin hydration by surface adhesiveness, protection of skin structure from external stress,\u0000and prolonged dermal release. Further, they have got potential to target the encapsulated drug molecule\u0000into pilosebaceous structure, making them an ideal candidate for the treatment of hair follicles\u0000and sebaceous gland disorder.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.2174/0115748855284955240304053519
Dilpreet Singh
The human microbiome, comprising a complex community of microorganisms, has emerged as a crucial factor in maintaining health and influencing disease states. Recently, there has been growing interest in harnessing the potential of microbiome-based nanomaterials for enhanced pulmonary drug delivery. This abstract presents an overview of recent advancements and prospects in this field. Microbiome-based nanomaterials offer a targeted and personalized approach to pulmonary delivery, leveraging an understanding of the lung microbiome. These nanomaterials can be engineered to encapsulate drugs or therapeutic agents, modulate the lung microbiome, act as diagnostic tools, regulate immune responses, and facilitate vaccine delivery. While significant progress has been made, challenges, such as formulation stability, safety, efficacy, and regulatory considerations, need to be addressed for successful translation into clinical practice. With continued research and technological advancements, microbiome-based nanomaterials hold great promise in revolutionizing pulmonary healthcare, providing novel strategies for the treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases.
{"title":"Microbiome Derived Nanomaterials for Improved Pulmonary Delivery:\u0000Recent Advancements and Future Prospects","authors":"Dilpreet Singh","doi":"10.2174/0115748855284955240304053519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855284955240304053519","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The human microbiome, comprising a complex community of microorganisms, has\u0000emerged as a crucial factor in maintaining health and influencing disease states. Recently, there has\u0000been growing interest in harnessing the potential of microbiome-based nanomaterials for enhanced\u0000pulmonary drug delivery. This abstract presents an overview of recent advancements and prospects\u0000in this field. Microbiome-based nanomaterials offer a targeted and personalized approach to pulmonary delivery, leveraging an understanding of the lung microbiome. These nanomaterials can be engineered to encapsulate drugs or therapeutic agents, modulate the lung microbiome, act as diagnostic\u0000tools, regulate immune responses, and facilitate vaccine delivery. While significant progress has been\u0000made, challenges, such as formulation stability, safety, efficacy, and regulatory considerations, need\u0000to be addressed for successful translation into clinical practice. With continued research and technological advancements, microbiome-based nanomaterials hold great promise in revolutionizing pulmonary healthcare, providing novel strategies for the treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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