Pub Date : 2023-08-11DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230811121026
A. Hosseinzadeh, S. Mehrzadi, A. Hosseini, S. Hassani, Fahimeh Azimirad
Increased levels of oxidative stress are connected with depression. Due to the melatonin's antioxidant effects and vitamin D3 (Vit D3)'s regulatory effect on the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, the present study investigated the possible protective effect of melatonin and Vit D3 combination on restraint stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. After being subjected to restraint stress, mice were divided into six groups using a randomization process. These groups included non-stressed and stressed vehicle-treated groups, as well as groups treated with Vit D3 (25 μg/kg/day), melatonin (10 mg/kg) or fluoxetine. A group also received a combination of both melatonin and Vit D3. The forced swimming test (FST), and open field test (OFT) were conducted to evaluate behavioural changes. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and ADP/ATP ratio were evaluated in the hippocampus of mice. Restraint stress lengthened the immobility period in FST, while melatonin, Vit D3, and their combination all significantly reversed this impact. Co-administration of melatonin and Vit D3 was more effective than melatonin or Vit D3 administration alone at reducing immobility time. The exposure of mice to restraint stress has been linked to an elevation in the ADP/ATP ratio and oxidative stress in their hippocampus; however, these effects are reversed by the administration of melatonin and Vit D3 (10 mg/kg) alone or in combination. Melatonin and Vit D3 combination increased the hippocampus CAT activity compared with melatonin and Vit D3 alone. The current study's findings suggested that Vit D3 may enhance melatonin's potential as an antidepressant in FST.
{"title":"Evaluating the Antidepressant-like Properties of Melatonin and Vitamin D3 Combination in Mice Subjected to Restraint Stress: Investigating the Involvement of Oxidative Stress","authors":"A. Hosseinzadeh, S. Mehrzadi, A. Hosseini, S. Hassani, Fahimeh Azimirad","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230811121026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230811121026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Increased levels of oxidative stress are connected with depression. Due to the melatonin's antioxidant effects and vitamin D3 (Vit D3)'s regulatory effect on the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, the present study investigated the possible protective effect of melatonin and Vit D3 combination on restraint stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000After being subjected to restraint stress, mice were divided into six groups using a randomization process. These groups included non-stressed and stressed vehicle-treated groups, as well as groups treated with Vit D3 (25 μg/kg/day), melatonin (10 mg/kg) or fluoxetine. A group also received a combination of both melatonin and Vit D3. The forced swimming test (FST), and open field test (OFT) were conducted to evaluate behavioural changes. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and ADP/ATP ratio were evaluated in the hippocampus of mice.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Restraint stress lengthened the immobility period in FST, while melatonin, Vit D3, and their combination all significantly reversed this impact. Co-administration of melatonin and Vit D3 was more effective than melatonin or Vit D3 administration alone at reducing immobility time. The exposure of mice to restraint stress has been linked to an elevation in the ADP/ATP ratio and oxidative stress in their hippocampus; however, these effects are reversed by the administration of melatonin and Vit D3 (10 mg/kg) alone or in combination. Melatonin and Vit D3 combination increased the hippocampus CAT activity compared with melatonin and Vit D3 alone.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The current study's findings suggested that Vit D3 may enhance melatonin's potential as an antidepressant in FST.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43399012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230809121536
Vivek Sharma, M. Ashawat, Pravin Kumar
Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of morbidity worldwide and is known to affect various gastric organs, including the esophagus, intestine, colon, and pancreas. There are variable factors responsible for the development of gastric tumors, such as environmental factors, EPV, hepatitis B and C, and other genetic factors. Phytoactives, or secondary metabolites of plants, have a wide range of biological impacts, including the capacity to prevent cancer in humans. They have this anti-cancerous impact because of their multi-target mechanism of action, which also includes antioxidant, anti-proliferative, cell apoptosis, and anti-mutagenic effects. To epitomize the role of vital dietary phytoactives as a new approach for treating gastric cancer and explains various mechanisms for their anti-cancerous activity. H. pylori-associated gastric tumors are the most common, and Phytoactives such as curcumin, piperine, walnut oil, tea, and others possess anticancer properties. They have shown anticancer activity against gastric tumor cell lines via different mechanisms like cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, adhesion, colonization of cancer cells, inhibition of inflammatory mediators, tumor cell bioenergetics, up and down-regulation of various gene and protein expression, and chelation and scavenging of ROS.
{"title":"Dietary Phytoactives in the Management of Gastric Cancer -A Mini Review","authors":"Vivek Sharma, M. Ashawat, Pravin Kumar","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230809121536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230809121536","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of morbidity worldwide and is known to affect various gastric organs, including the esophagus, intestine, colon, and pancreas. There are variable factors responsible for the development of gastric tumors, such as environmental factors, EPV, hepatitis B and C, and other genetic factors. Phytoactives, or secondary metabolites of plants, have a wide range of biological impacts, including the capacity to prevent cancer in humans. They have this anti-cancerous impact because of their multi-target mechanism of action, which also includes antioxidant, anti-proliferative, cell apoptosis, and anti-mutagenic effects. To epitomize the role of vital dietary phytoactives as a new approach for treating gastric cancer and explains various mechanisms for their anti-cancerous activity. H. pylori-associated gastric tumors are the most common, and Phytoactives such as curcumin, piperine, walnut oil, tea, and others possess anticancer properties. They have shown anticancer activity against gastric tumor cell lines via different mechanisms like cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, adhesion, colonization of cancer cells, inhibition of inflammatory mediators, tumor cell bioenergetics, up and down-regulation of various gene and protein expression, and chelation and scavenging of ROS.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45700709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230804113303
D. Khobragade, Sunil Kumar Kadiri, Samaresh Pal Roy
The king of herbs, Emblica officinalis, is one of the most important herbs in Ayurveda. It contains significant amounts of Vitamin C and has been reported to have antioxidant, anticancer, antiretroviral, antidepressant, antiulcerogenic, wound healing, and many other medicinal properties The current study is designed to investigate the aphrodisiac effects of E.officinalis seed extract on albino Wistar rats as well as its effects on stress-related sexual behaviour. The aphrodisiac effect of E. officinalis was evaluated by mating the pretreated male rats with female rats. For 30 days, test group rats (n=6) were given methanolic extracts (95%) from E.officinalis seeds (500 and 1000 mg/kg). Control rats received saline. Standard group rats received testosterone (0.5 mg/ kg, i.m). The sexual behavior study tracked mount latency (ML), intromission latency (IL), mounting frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), sniffing, and licking on days 0 through 30. After 30 days, rats were sacrificed, and the anabolic effect was assessed using body weight, reproductive organ weight, sperm concentration, and histopathology of the testes. The stress was induced by immobilization stress in the stress-affected alteration in the sexual behavior model, and the above procedure was repeated for evaluation. The 95% methanolic extract (1000 mg/kg) of E. officinalis significantly reduced ML and IL while significantly increasing MF, IF, sniffing, licking, body weight, reproductive organ weight, and sperm concentration. Methanolic extract of E. officinalis increased sexual activities in the stress-free group and restored the stress-affected group's altered sexual behaviour. The current study's findings indicate that 95% methanolic extract of E. officinalis has dose-dependent aphrodisiac activity and restores sexual behavior in a stress-induced group.
{"title":"Preclinical Appraisal of the aphrodisiac effects of Emblica officinalis seed extract on stress-induced sexual behavior in albino rats","authors":"D. Khobragade, Sunil Kumar Kadiri, Samaresh Pal Roy","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230804113303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230804113303","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The king of herbs, Emblica officinalis, is one of the most important herbs in Ayurveda. It contains significant amounts of Vitamin C and has been reported to have antioxidant, anticancer, antiretroviral, antidepressant, antiulcerogenic, wound healing, and many other medicinal properties\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The current study is designed to investigate the aphrodisiac effects of \u0000E.officinalis seed extract on albino Wistar rats as well as its effects on stress-related sexual behaviour.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The aphrodisiac effect of E. officinalis was evaluated by mating the pretreated male rats with female rats. For 30 days, test group rats (n=6) were given methanolic extracts (95%) from E.officinalis seeds (500 and 1000 mg/kg). Control rats received saline. Standard group rats received testosterone (0.5 mg/ kg, i.m). The sexual behavior study tracked mount latency (ML), intromission latency (IL), mounting frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), sniffing, and licking on days 0 through 30. After 30 days, rats were sacrificed, and the anabolic effect was assessed using body weight, reproductive organ weight, sperm concentration, and histopathology of the testes. The stress was induced by immobilization stress in the stress-affected alteration in the sexual behavior model, and the above procedure was repeated for evaluation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The 95% methanolic extract (1000 mg/kg) of E. officinalis significantly reduced ML and IL while significantly increasing MF, IF, sniffing, licking, body weight, reproductive organ weight, and sperm concentration. Methanolic extract of E. officinalis increased sexual activities in the stress-free group and restored the stress-affected group's altered sexual behaviour.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The current study's findings indicate that 95% methanolic extract of E. officinalis has dose-dependent aphrodisiac activity and restores sexual behavior in a stress-induced group.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41303075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230804120659
Mohammad Mehdi Mahboobian, Negin Azadi, Shabnam Pourmoslemi
Nanoemulsions (N.E.s) capable of ocular bioavailability elevation can be used for poor water-soluble drugs such as ketoconazole (K.Z.). The current investigation was designed for the purpose of overcoming this issue by developing K.Z. containing N.E.s for ophthalmic drug delivery with appropriate therapeutic efficiency. The preparation of ketoconazole N.E.s was performed by the low-energy technique. According to the phase diagram, three stable formulations were selected for more physicochemical analyses, including particle size, polydispersity index, pH, refractive index, osmolality, and viscosity. Finally, drug release patterns and in-vitro antifungal activity were assessed for the final selected formulation. The developed N.E. formulations with droplet sizes less than 20nm showed appropriate physicochemical characteristics for ocular delivery. The selected formulation released 100% of the encapsulated drug during 24 h. Moreover, antifungal assessments showed that prepared N.E. had acceptable in vitro antifungal activity. Based on our findings, it can be concluded that N.E.s could be applied as effective carriers for the ophthalmic delivery of ketoconazole.
{"title":"Preparation of Ketoconazole-Loaded Nanoemulsions for Ophthalmic Delivery: Characterization and in-vitro Antifungal Activity Evaluation","authors":"Mohammad Mehdi Mahboobian, Negin Azadi, Shabnam Pourmoslemi","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230804120659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230804120659","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Nanoemulsions (N.E.s) capable of ocular bioavailability elevation can be used for poor water-soluble drugs such as ketoconazole (K.Z.). The current investigation was designed for the purpose of overcoming this issue by developing K.Z. containing N.E.s for ophthalmic drug delivery with appropriate therapeutic efficiency.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The preparation of ketoconazole N.E.s was performed by the low-energy technique. According to the phase diagram, three stable formulations were selected for more physicochemical analyses, including particle size, polydispersity index, pH, refractive index, osmolality, and viscosity. Finally, drug release patterns and in-vitro antifungal activity were assessed for the final selected formulation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The developed N.E. formulations with droplet sizes less than 20nm showed appropriate physicochemical characteristics for ocular delivery. The selected formulation released 100% of the encapsulated drug during 24 h. Moreover, antifungal assessments showed that prepared N.E. had acceptable in vitro antifungal activity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Based on our findings, it can be concluded that N.E.s could be applied as effective carriers for the ophthalmic delivery of ketoconazole.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42563011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230801091246
Da Yong Lu, Ting Ren Lu
The coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2) greatly impacts the world. Despite great biomedical efforts, approximately 30-50% global population was at least once infected with COVID. Human life expectancy is reduced by COVID-19 epidemics worldwide. It is indispensable to prevent and treat COVID-19 as effectively as possible. In order to well prevent and treat the coronavirus infection, clinical diagnostic or therapeutic paradigms should be updated. Since the outside condition of COVID-19 prevention is imbalanced among regions and countries, global prevention and treatment action should be aimed. Despite global vaccination for COVID, a significant proportion of humans still constantly exposes and infected with viruses. Advanced viral biological knowledge and vaccine techniques can alleviate viral spread and promote therapeutics. Universal and specific preventive and treatment paradigms should be designed, integrated, and introduced. The origin and hidden nature of COVID-19 biology and pathogenesis are broadly understood now. Viral vaccines, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and personalized medicine are progressing rapidly. Many viral vaccines and personalized medicine should be especially emphasized. To speed up global efforts against COVID-19, new knowledge and breakthroughs of viral transmissibility, vaccine technique innovation, diagnostic widening, and therapeutic variability worldwide are discussed. Different strategic platforms and landscapes can reach different outcomes. By facilitating global machinery against different variants of COVID, viral-induced socioeconomic burden and imbalance could be reduced.
{"title":"COVID-19 Research, Public Health, and Biomedical Basis","authors":"Da Yong Lu, Ting Ren Lu","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230801091246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230801091246","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2) greatly impacts the world. Despite great biomedical efforts, approximately 30-50% global population was at least once infected with COVID. Human life expectancy is reduced by COVID-19 epidemics worldwide. \u0000\u0000It is indispensable to prevent and treat COVID-19 as effectively as possible. In order to well prevent and treat the coronavirus infection, clinical diagnostic or therapeutic paradigms should be updated. Since the outside condition of COVID-19 prevention is imbalanced among regions and countries, global prevention and treatment action should be aimed. \u0000\u0000Despite global vaccination for COVID, a significant proportion of humans still constantly exposes and infected with viruses. Advanced viral biological knowledge and vaccine techniques can alleviate viral spread and promote therapeutics. Universal and specific preventive and treatment paradigms should be designed, integrated, and introduced. \u0000\u0000The origin and hidden nature of COVID-19 biology and pathogenesis are broadly understood now. Viral vaccines, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and personalized medicine are progressing rapidly. Many viral vaccines and personalized medicine should be especially emphasized. \u0000\u0000To speed up global efforts against COVID-19, new knowledge and breakthroughs of viral transmissibility, vaccine technique innovation, diagnostic widening, and therapeutic variability worldwide are discussed. Different strategic platforms and landscapes can reach different outcomes. By facilitating global machinery against different variants of COVID, viral-induced socioeconomic burden and imbalance could be reduced.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48270767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230731090607
P. Thangaraju, Himanshu Nirmal Chandu, Hemasri Velmurugan, S. Venkatesan
Leprosy is curable and can be treated with multidrug therapy in the early stages. As a result, we chose a Scientometrics evaluation of leprosy research guides on adverse drug reactions to better grasp the current popularity of drug-related responses. During the 2010-2021 a study with a total of 48 publications was selected. This study aims to analyze scientometric tools such as frequency distribution, percentage analysis, double-related growth rate, and interaction rate. During the study period, 7 (14.58%) study publications were submitted in 2018. The related growth rate is identified by decreasing trend and the double time is growing from 2010 to 2021. The 11 published study sizes (22.92%) were provided by top writers, the average Degree of Collaboration is 0.96, and 19 (39.58%) published research articles by headers. India is the largest supplier of 21 leprosy research publications (43.75%). As India is the most productive country in leprosy research, hence there are four out of the top five institutions that are from the Indian center that is listed among the most productive institutions.
{"title":"Analysis of Research Publications on Leprosy Drugs Related Adverse Drug Reactions – A Scinetometric Study","authors":"P. Thangaraju, Himanshu Nirmal Chandu, Hemasri Velmurugan, S. Venkatesan","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230731090607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230731090607","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Leprosy is curable and can be treated with multidrug therapy in the early stages. As a result,\u0000we chose a Scientometrics evaluation of leprosy research guides on adverse drug reactions to better\u0000grasp the current popularity of drug-related responses. During the 2010-2021 a study with a total of 48\u0000publications was selected. This study aims to analyze scientometric tools such as frequency distribution, percentage analysis, double-related growth rate, and interaction rate. During the study period, 7\u0000(14.58%) study publications were submitted in 2018. The related growth rate is identified by decreasing trend and the double time is growing from 2010 to 2021. The 11 published study sizes (22.92%)\u0000were provided by top writers, the average Degree of Collaboration is 0.96, and 19 (39.58%) published\u0000research articles by headers. India is the largest supplier of 21 leprosy research publications (43.75%).\u0000As India is the most productive country in leprosy research, hence there are four out of the top five institutions that are from the Indian center that is listed among the most productive institutions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42813903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230727125109
Kritika Garg, G. S. Kumar, Arunesh Soni, S. Pawar
Growing public awareness of chronic pain resulting from illness and injury has prompted pharmaceutical researchers and drug corporations to create better, more targeted painkillers. For effective pain management, prolonged analgesic medication delivery at the intended areas continues to be a major problem such as addiction, tolerance and other serious side effects, which can prolong suffering and decrease painkiller effectiveness. The present paper focuses on review of current advances in the field of pain treatment by different nanoparticles formulations of various drugs, by enhancing their pharmacokinetic factors and diminishing associated adverse effects. According to literature survey, usage of nano-carriers enables the delivery of these drugs to target locations with less systemic toxicity. Nanotechnology for varied therapeutic purposes, different analgesics have been loaded onto different nano carriers, including those that are natural, synthetic, and polymeric and proven to be beneficial in pain management. Overall, new nano based preparations and new ways to utilize existing medications in a variety of circumstances is a multimodal approach to pain relief, have resulted in recent advancements in the pharmacological management of pain.
{"title":"A brief insight into Nanotherapeutic approaches in the management of Analgesia","authors":"Kritika Garg, G. S. Kumar, Arunesh Soni, S. Pawar","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230727125109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230727125109","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Growing public awareness of chronic pain resulting from illness and injury has prompted pharmaceutical researchers and drug corporations to create better, more targeted painkillers. For effective pain management, prolonged analgesic medication delivery at the intended areas continues to be a major problem such as addiction, tolerance and other serious side effects, which can prolong suffering and decrease painkiller effectiveness.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present paper focuses on review of current advances in the field of pain treatment by different nanoparticles formulations of various drugs, by enhancing their pharmacokinetic factors and diminishing associated adverse effects.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000According to literature survey, usage of nano-carriers enables the delivery of these drugs to target locations with less systemic toxicity. Nanotechnology for varied therapeutic purposes, different analgesics have been loaded onto different nano carriers, including those that are natural, synthetic, and polymeric and proven to be beneficial in pain management.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Overall, new nano based preparations and new ways to utilize existing medications in a variety of circumstances is a multimodal approach to pain relief, have resulted in recent advancements in the pharmacological management of pain.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42102814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230727100812
S. Narayan, J. Affrald. R
Even to this date, oral drug delivery in the form of tablets, capsules, and syrups is considered as the most accepted one. However, oral delivery as a methodology requires that the active molecules and their formulations are water-soluble. Nasal drug delivery is characterized by ease of permeability through the epithelial mucosa, low enzyme activity, and a wide range of immunocompetent cells. For the transfer of drugs and active molecules through the nasal route, it is often essential to resort to nanodelivery methods, such as liposomes, microspheres, nanoemulsions, and so on. The use of nanodelivery vehicles has become more important in the modern context of viral infections, including those of the respiratory tract. Nanoformulations are developed in the form of nasal gels, sprays, drops, rinses, etc. Nanoformulations of antigens, vaccine and immune adjuvants, and antivirals are now gaining importance. There are promising reports on nanoparticles of metals, metal oxides, polymers, and so on that have the potential to detect and inhibit viruses by themselves. This review looks into the nasal nanoformulations in detail and provides an insight into how their efficacy can be improved. To overcome known drawbacks, such as degradation and active mucociliary clearance by antigenpresenting cells at the site of administration, polymers, such as PEG, are incorporated in the nanoformulation. Polymeric systems also provide better tunability of physicochemical properties. The mechanism of nasal spray-based drug delivery systems is also discussed in this paper. The review, thus, provides a detailed insight into the way forward for the development of nasal formulations.
{"title":"Intranasal drug delivery of antiviral agents - a revisit and way forward","authors":"S. Narayan, J. Affrald. R","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230727100812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230727100812","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Even to this date, oral drug delivery in the form of tablets, capsules, and syrups is considered as the most accepted one. However, oral delivery as a methodology requires that the active molecules and their formulations are water-soluble. Nasal drug delivery is characterized by ease of permeability through the epithelial mucosa, low enzyme activity, and a wide range of immunocompetent\u0000cells. For the transfer of drugs and active molecules through the nasal route, it is often essential to resort to nanodelivery methods, such as liposomes, microspheres, nanoemulsions, and so on. The use of\u0000nanodelivery vehicles has become more important in the modern context of viral infections, including\u0000those of the respiratory tract. Nanoformulations are developed in the form of nasal gels, sprays, drops,\u0000rinses, etc. Nanoformulations of antigens, vaccine and immune adjuvants, and antivirals are now gaining importance. There are promising reports on nanoparticles of metals, metal oxides, polymers, and\u0000so on that have the potential to detect and inhibit viruses by themselves. This review looks into the nasal nanoformulations in detail and provides an insight into how their efficacy can be improved. To\u0000overcome known drawbacks, such as degradation and active mucociliary clearance by antigenpresenting cells at the site of administration, polymers, such as PEG, are incorporated in the nanoformulation. Polymeric systems also provide better tunability of physicochemical properties. The mechanism of nasal spray-based drug delivery systems is also discussed in this paper. The review, thus, provides a detailed insight into the way forward for the development of nasal formulations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44577543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230726123433
Vandana Panda, Akash Saindane, Aditya Pandey
Nanoscale machines called “nanorobots” that were hitherto only futuristic ideas are set to storm healthcare and pharmaceuticals with newer technologies for minimally invasive diagnosis, quick and precise surgeries, and targeted drug delivery, which is challenging to achieve by conventional drug delivery systems. Nanobots can be defined as controllable nano-sized mechanical or electromechanical devices which are easily incorporated into cells and used for a variety of cellular functions like combating bacteria and viruses, disposing away dead cells/tissue at the place of a wound, cell/tissue repair and destruction of cancer cells, and also for transporting drugs to cells. Nanorobots can help avoid the untoward effects of traditional drug delivery systems and ameliorate the efficiency of drug delivery by quickly entering the desired cells without affecting other organs. With the advent of mobile communication, artificial neural networks, and Information Technology, futuristic and more advanced nanobots with artificial intelligence are in the offing. However, the challenges to this revolutionary technology are umpteen, the major concern being their interaction inside the human body. This review explicitly expounds on nanobots and their applications to medicine, biomedical research, and drug delivery.
{"title":"Nanobots: Revolutionizing the next generation of biomedical technology and drug therapy","authors":"Vandana Panda, Akash Saindane, Aditya Pandey","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230726123433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230726123433","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Nanoscale machines called “nanorobots” that were hitherto only futuristic ideas are set to storm healthcare and pharmaceuticals with newer technologies for minimally invasive diagnosis, quick and precise surgeries, and targeted drug delivery, which is challenging to achieve by conventional drug delivery systems. Nanobots can be defined as controllable nano-sized mechanical or electromechanical devices which are easily incorporated into cells and used for a variety of cellular functions like combating bacteria and viruses, disposing away dead cells/tissue at the place of a wound, cell/tissue repair and destruction of cancer cells, and also for transporting drugs to cells. Nanorobots can help avoid the untoward effects of traditional drug delivery systems and ameliorate the efficiency of drug delivery by quickly entering the desired cells without affecting other organs. With the advent of mobile communication, artificial neural networks, and Information Technology, futuristic and more advanced nanobots with artificial intelligence are in the offing. However, the challenges to this revolutionary technology are umpteen, the major concern being their interaction inside the human body. This review explicitly expounds on nanobots and their applications to medicine, biomedical research, and drug delivery.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44805535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230726142855
S. Shukla, Vinay Pandit
In recent years, microparticulate systems have drawn growing attention as a viable strategy for delivering cells, proteins, and medications to target areas. The Nanoparticles-in-Microparticles System (NiMS) is a drug delivery method that combines nano- and microparticles to deliver medications or genes to particular bodily regions with precision. A promising method for achieving dual or multiple functions inside a formulation is the development of nanoparticle-in-microparticle systems (NiMS). NiMS comprises a microparticle (M.P.) matrix and one or more nanoparticles (N.P.s). The N.P.s can be designed to provide specific functionality, such as targeted drug delivery or imaging, while the M.P. matrix can be tailored to provide sustained release or protect the N.P.s from degradation. NiMS offer several advantages over traditional formulations, including the ability to control release profiles and achieve site-specific delivery. By combining different types of N.P.s and M.P.s, it is possible to create formulations that release drugs at different rates or with different kinetics, allowing for tailored treatment regimens. Additionally, by lowering off-target effects and boosting efficacy, the site-specific targeting offered by NiMS can enhance the therapeutic index of medications. Microparticles are small, micron-sized particles that can be loaded with therapeutic agents and designed to deliver them to specific tissues in the body. The pharmaceutical sector is developing microparticulate delivery systems for oral, pulmonary, and cutaneous administration. For instance, a promising strategy for treating respiratory conditions, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is the development of inhalable microparticles (COPD). Moreover, the use of microparticles for topical drug delivery is being studied, where they can be formulated into creams, gels, or patches for treating skin disorders. The composition of microparticles is crucial for successful tissue regeneration because the particles must be biocompatible and able to interact with the cells in the targeted tissue. In addition, the size and shape of the particles can affect their behavior and how they interact with cells. Chemical and biological sensors and devices, optical detectors, electronic components, and nanoscale production depend on nanostructures because they offer unique properties, such as increased surface area and enhanced reactivity, which can be exploited to create more efficient and effective devices.
{"title":"Trojan microparticles: A composite nanoparticle delivery system","authors":"S. Shukla, Vinay Pandit","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230726142855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230726142855","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In recent years, microparticulate systems have drawn growing attention as a viable strategy for delivering cells, proteins, and medications to target areas. The Nanoparticles-in-Microparticles System (NiMS) is a drug delivery method that combines nano- and microparticles to deliver medications or genes to particular bodily regions with precision. A promising method for achieving dual or multiple functions inside a formulation is the development of nanoparticle-in-microparticle systems (NiMS). NiMS comprises a microparticle (M.P.) matrix and one or more nanoparticles (N.P.s). The N.P.s can be designed to provide specific functionality, such as targeted drug delivery or imaging, while the M.P. matrix can be tailored to provide sustained release or protect the N.P.s from degradation. NiMS offer several advantages over traditional formulations, including the ability to control release profiles and achieve site-specific delivery. By combining different types of N.P.s and M.P.s, it is possible to create formulations that release drugs at different rates or with different kinetics, allowing for tailored treatment regimens.\u0000Additionally, by lowering off-target effects and boosting efficacy, the site-specific targeting offered by NiMS can enhance the therapeutic index of medications. Microparticles are small, micron-sized particles that can be loaded with therapeutic agents and designed to deliver them to specific tissues in the body. The pharmaceutical sector is developing microparticulate delivery systems for oral, pulmonary, and cutaneous administration. For instance, a promising strategy for treating respiratory conditions, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is the development of inhalable microparticles (COPD). Moreover, the use of microparticles for topical drug delivery is being studied, where they can be formulated into creams, gels, or patches for treating skin disorders. The composition of microparticles is crucial for successful tissue regeneration because the particles must be biocompatible and able to interact with the cells in the targeted tissue. In addition, the size and shape of the particles can affect their behavior and how they interact with cells. Chemical and biological sensors and devices, optical detectors, electronic components, and nanoscale production depend on nanostructures because they offer unique properties, such as increased surface area and enhanced reactivity, which can be exploited to create more efficient and effective devices.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49263334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：