Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230124123054
A. Pattnaik, Tuhin Mukherjee, Payel Mal, Abhay Kumar Upadhyay, Satyajit Mohanty, Nikita Nayak, Ravi Pratap Singh, Tanisha Das, Sourav Basak
As the COVID era unfolds, researchers reveal that rapid changes in viral genetic material allow viruses to circumvent challenges triggered by the host immune system and resist anti-viral drugs, potentially leading to persistent viral manifestations in host cells. Molnupiravir (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor) is a novel anti-viral medicine promising a vital role in coming setbacks. This review aims to clarify the safety and efficacy of the molnupiravir molecule in light of existing case studies. As a result, it is intended to explore and discuss the molecular structure, mechanism of action, discovery and development process, preclinical research, clinical investigations, and other subtopics. A total of 75 publications were searched using multiple engines, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and others, with a constraint applied to exclude publications published over 11 years ago. Molnupiravir, safety, efficacy, COVID-19, RdRp, PK-PD, and clinical study were utilized as keywords. Clinical results on molnupiravir are supported by investigations that were recently disclosed in a study on both sex volunteers (male and female) with an age restriction of 19 to 60 years, followed by a Phase-3 Clinical Trial (NCT04575584) with 775 randomly assigned participants and no fatalities reported due to treatment. Molnupiravir proved a high level of safety, allowing it to be tested further. This review supports the safety and efficacy of this molecule based on the established evidence, which claims the most anticipated employment of molnupiravir in COVID protocol.
随着新冠肺炎时代的展开，研究人员揭示，病毒遗传物质的快速变化使病毒能够绕过宿主免疫系统引发的挑战，抵抗抗病毒药物，从而可能导致病毒在宿主细胞中持续表现。Molnupiravir（RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶抑制剂）是一种新型抗病毒药物，有望在未来的挫折中发挥重要作用。本综述旨在根据现有的病例研究阐明莫努匹拉韦分子的安全性和有效性。因此，它旨在探索和讨论分子结构、作用机制、发现和发展过程、临床前研究、临床研究和其他子主题。使用谷歌学者、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、ClinicalTrials.gov等多个引擎共搜索了75篇出版物，并对11年前出版的出版物进行了限制。莫努匹拉韦、安全性、有效性、新冠肺炎、RdRp、PK-PD和临床研究被用作关键词。莫努匹拉韦的临床结果得到了最近在一项针对年龄限制为19至60岁的两性志愿者（男性和女性）的研究中披露的调查的支持，随后进行了一项3期临床试验（NCT04575584），随机分配了775名参与者，没有因治疗而死亡的报告。Molnupiravir被证明具有很高的安全性，可以进行进一步的测试。这篇综述基于既定证据支持该分子的安全性和有效性，该证据声称莫努匹拉韦在新冠肺炎方案中最受期待。
{"title":"Safety Profile of Molnupiravir with Significant Effect on COVID-19: A Review","authors":"A. Pattnaik, Tuhin Mukherjee, Payel Mal, Abhay Kumar Upadhyay, Satyajit Mohanty, Nikita Nayak, Ravi Pratap Singh, Tanisha Das, Sourav Basak","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230124123054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230124123054","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000As the COVID era unfolds, researchers reveal that rapid changes in viral genetic material allow viruses to circumvent challenges triggered by the host immune system and resist anti-viral drugs, potentially leading to persistent viral manifestations in host cells. Molnupiravir (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor) is a novel anti-viral medicine promising a vital role in coming setbacks.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This review aims to clarify the safety and efficacy of the molnupiravir molecule in light of existing case studies. As a result, it is intended to explore and discuss the molecular structure, mechanism of action, discovery and development process, preclinical research, clinical investigations, and other subtopics.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 75 publications were searched using multiple engines, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and others, with a constraint applied to exclude publications published over 11 years ago. Molnupiravir, safety, efficacy, COVID-19, RdRp, PK-PD, and clinical study were utilized as keywords.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Clinical results on molnupiravir are supported by investigations that were recently disclosed in a study on both sex volunteers (male and female) with an age restriction of 19 to 60 years, followed by a Phase-3 Clinical Trial (NCT04575584) with 775 randomly assigned participants and no fatalities reported due to treatment.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Molnupiravir proved a high level of safety, allowing it to be tested further. This review supports the safety and efficacy of this molecule based on the established evidence, which claims the most anticipated employment of molnupiravir in COVID protocol.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47441361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-23DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230123160533
M. Rodrigues Bacci, Emery Ciana Figueiredo Vidal, Glaucia Luciano da Veiga, Eglidia Carla Figueiredo Vidal, Beatriz da C. Aguiar Alves, T. Gascón, F. L. Affonso Fonseca
Yellow fever is an infectious disease endemic to Africa, and Central and South America with a significant impact on public health, causing outbreaks and epidemics. Clinical manifestations can vary from asymptomatic to more severe and lethal disease outcomes. The primary prevention of yellow fever occurs through the vaccination of individuals, which confers immunity for life. Patients with chronic kidney disease, especially those undergoing dialysis, have low vaccination and seroconversion rates. As mentioned above, this research aimed to perform a systematic review of the yellow fever vaccination protocol in hemodialysis patients A systematic review on vaccination against yellow fever in hemodialysis patients using databases, PubMed and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), was performed. For data collection, combinations were made using the following descriptors: protocols, vaccination, yellow fever, kidney dialysis, chronic kidney failure, chronic kidney disease, and group risk included in the title and abstract description. Articles with no subject related to the search were excluded and also if they were duplicated. In this review, 90 scientific articles were identified in both databases. After applying exclusion criteria, a total of 3 articles were selected. We recommend carefully assessing the risk-benefit and contraindications for the patient, emphasizing the risk groups. There is an evident lack of studies on the subject, and there is a need to broaden investigations related toimmunization for patients on dialysis. The review is registered in the PROSPERO system with the number 323550.
黄热病是一种流行于非洲、中美洲和南美洲的传染病，对公共卫生产生重大影响，引起疫情和流行。临床表现可以从无症状到更严重和致命的疾病结局。黄热病的初级预防是通过个人接种疫苗实现的，这种疫苗可提供终身免疫。慢性肾脏疾病患者，尤其是透析患者，疫苗接种率和血清转换率较低。如上所述，本研究旨在对血液透析患者的黄热病疫苗接种方案进行系统评价。利用PubMed和Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS)数据库对血液透析患者的黄热病疫苗接种进行系统评价。为了收集数据，使用以下描述符进行组合:方案、疫苗接种、黄热病、肾透析、慢性肾衰竭、慢性肾脏疾病和标题和摘要描述中包含的群体风险。与检索主题无关的文章被排除在外，如果它们被重复，也被排除在外。在本综述中，在两个数据库中确定了90篇科学论文。应用排除标准后，共筛选出3篇文章。我们建议仔细评估患者的风险-收益和禁忌症，强调风险群体。这方面的研究明显缺乏，有必要扩大透析患者免疫相关的研究。该审查已在prospero系统中注册，编号为323550。
{"title":"Yellow fever vaccination in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review","authors":"M. Rodrigues Bacci, Emery Ciana Figueiredo Vidal, Glaucia Luciano da Veiga, Eglidia Carla Figueiredo Vidal, Beatriz da C. Aguiar Alves, T. Gascón, F. L. Affonso Fonseca","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230123160533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230123160533","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Yellow fever is an infectious disease endemic to Africa, and Central and\u0000South America with a significant impact on public health, causing outbreaks and epidemics. Clinical\u0000manifestations can vary from asymptomatic to more severe and lethal disease outcomes. The primary\u0000prevention of yellow fever occurs through the vaccination of individuals, which confers immunity for\u0000life. Patients with chronic kidney disease, especially those undergoing dialysis, have low vaccination\u0000and seroconversion rates. As mentioned above, this research aimed to perform a systematic review of\u0000the yellow fever vaccination protocol in hemodialysis patients\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A systematic review on vaccination against yellow fever in hemodialysis patients using databases, PubMed and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), was performed. For data collection, combinations were made using the following descriptors: protocols, vaccination, yellow fever, kidney dialysis, chronic kidney failure, chronic kidney disease, and group risk included in the title and abstract description. Articles with no subject related to the search were excluded and also if they were duplicated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this review, 90 scientific articles were identified in both databases. After applying exclusion criteria, a total of 3 articles were selected.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We recommend carefully assessing the risk-benefit and contraindications for the patient,\u0000emphasizing the risk groups. There is an evident lack of studies on the subject, and there is a need to\u0000broaden investigations related toimmunization for patients on dialysis. The review is registered in the\u0000PROSPERO system with the number 323550.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43824735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-20DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230120151823
Asha Patel, P. Ahlawat, Shruti Patel, Abhay Dharmasi
The present work describes the systematic development and optimization of cyclosporine-A loaded biodegradable polymeric nanoparticulate system using quality by design paradigm, to achieve an effective and sustained release of the cyclosporine-A to the targeted lesion of plaque psoriasis. The polymeric nanoparticles were formulated using the solvent emulsification method using Polycaprolactone and Hyaluronic acid as polymers. An Ishikawa fishbone diagram was constructed for risk assessment and to describe various plausible product and process variables influencing the quality target product profile. Critical process and product parameters were further optimized by Response surface methodology using Central Composite Design by Minitab 19 Software. The development and optimization of cyclosporine-A loaded biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles were further carried out by developing the relationship of independent variables viz. amount of polymers polycaprolactone and hyaluronic acid on dependent variables viz. particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency and exploring their interactions. Validation of the model was done by checkpoint analysis method. The particle size, zeta potential, and Entrapment efficiency of the optimized polymeric nanoparticles were found to be 317.2 ± 1.271, -0.249 ± 0.903 mV and 83.33 ± 1.124%, respectively. SEM images of the lyophilized nanoparticles showed spherical particles. In-vitro drug release study showed a slow and sustained release of 88.52 ± 1.10% of drugs up to 14 days. The nanoparticulate system would also help in overcoming the problem associated with poor water solubility and low permeability of the drug and will explore drug loaded biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as a novel platform for effective therapy of psoriasis.
{"title":"Quality by Design Enabled Systematic Optimization of Calcineurin Inhibitor-loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Sustained Topical Delivery in Psoriasis","authors":"Asha Patel, P. Ahlawat, Shruti Patel, Abhay Dharmasi","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230120151823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230120151823","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The present work describes the systematic development and optimization of cyclosporine-A loaded biodegradable polymeric nanoparticulate system using quality by design paradigm, to achieve an effective and sustained release of the cyclosporine-A to the targeted lesion of plaque psoriasis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The polymeric nanoparticles were formulated using the solvent emulsification method using Polycaprolactone and Hyaluronic acid as polymers. An Ishikawa fishbone diagram was constructed for risk assessment and to describe various plausible product and process variables influencing the quality target product profile. Critical process and product parameters were further optimized by Response surface methodology using Central Composite Design by Minitab 19 Software. The development and optimization of cyclosporine-A loaded biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles were further carried out by developing the relationship of independent variables viz. amount of polymers\u0000 \u0000polycaprolactone and hyaluronic acid on dependent variables viz. particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency and exploring their interactions. Validation of the model was done by checkpoint analysis method.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The particle size, zeta potential, and Entrapment efficiency of the optimized polymeric nanoparticles were found to be 317.2 ± 1.271, -0.249 ± 0.903 mV and 83.33 ± 1.124%, respectively. SEM images of the lyophilized nanoparticles showed spherical particles. In-vitro drug release study showed a slow and sustained release of 88.52 ± 1.10% of drugs up to 14 days.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The nanoparticulate system would also help in overcoming the problem associated with poor water solubility and low permeability of the drug and will explore drug loaded biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as a novel platform for effective therapy of psoriasis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44740110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After almost 30 years of study, it is a scientific fact that inflammation is the root cause of arthritis. Guggul has a beneficial role in arthritis because of its ability to neutralize the NF-kappa factor. A topical drug delivery system is beneficial to overcome the problems associated with oral drug delivery and offers several potential advantages. Ultra-deformable vesicles (UDVs) are a special type of liposome made up of phospholipids and surfactants, and they are highly flexible.Guggul has a beneficial role in arthritis because of its ability to neutralize the NF-kappa factor. A topical drug delivery system is beneficial to overcome the problems associated with oral drug delivery and offers several potential advantages. Ultra-deformable vesicles (UDVs) are a special type of liposome made up of phospholipids and surfactants, and they are highly flexible. In the present investigation, 20 formulations were suggested by Design Expert® 10 software (Central Composite Design) which were prepared using film hydration method with lecithin (70-90 mg), tween 80 (10–30 mg), Guggul extract (3 mg) and sonicated for 5–15 minutes. The formulation was optimized based on particle size (R₁) and maximum entrapment efficiency (R2). The optimized formulation consists of 78.92 mg soya phosphatidyl choline (lecithin), 22.08 mg Tween 80, and 3 mg Guggul with a sonication time of 12.74 minutes that resulted in a particle size of 375.5 ±15.1 nm and entrapment efficiency of 80.3 ± 3.1%. Guggul UDVs showed more antioxidant activity compared to Guggul extract, control and standard. The same results were obtained in the case of anti-arthritic activity, which was measured by egg albumin denaturation, bovine serum albumin denaturation, proteinase inhibitory action, and anti-lipoxygenase activity. The data of both activities were analyzed using an unpaired t-test to determine significant values (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate the potential of UDVs in the treatment of all arthritis diseases.
{"title":"Development and optimization of Guggul extract loaded ultra-deformable vesicles using central composite design for improving anti-oxidant potential","authors":"Vineet Mittal, Neha Dhankar, R. Verma, Manish Kumar, Anil Hooda, Deepak Kaushik","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230116103000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230116103000","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000After almost 30 years of study, it is a scientific fact that inflammation is the root cause of arthritis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Guggul has a beneficial role in arthritis because of its ability to neutralize the NF-kappa factor. A topical drug delivery system is beneficial to overcome the problems associated with oral drug delivery and offers several potential advantages. Ultra-deformable vesicles (UDVs) are a special type of liposome made up of phospholipids and surfactants, and they are highly flexible.Guggul has a beneficial role in arthritis because of its ability to neutralize the NF-kappa factor. A topical drug delivery system is beneficial to overcome the problems associated with oral drug delivery and offers several potential advantages. Ultra-deformable vesicles (UDVs) are a special type of liposome made up of phospholipids and surfactants, and they are highly flexible.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the present investigation, 20 formulations were suggested by Design Expert® 10 software (Central Composite Design) which were prepared using film hydration method with lecithin (70-90 mg), tween 80 (10–30 mg), Guggul extract (3 mg) and sonicated for 5–15 minutes. The formulation was optimized based on particle size (R₁) and maximum entrapment efficiency (R2).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The optimized formulation consists of 78.92 mg soya phosphatidyl choline (lecithin), 22.08 mg Tween 80, and 3 mg Guggul with a sonication time of 12.74 minutes that resulted in a particle size of 375.5 ±15.1 nm and entrapment efficiency of 80.3 ± 3.1%. Guggul UDVs showed more antioxidant activity compared to Guggul extract, control and standard. The same results were obtained in the case of anti-arthritic activity, which was measured by egg albumin denaturation, bovine serum albumin denaturation, proteinase inhibitory action, and anti-lipoxygenase activity. The data of both activities were analyzed using an unpaired t-test to determine significant values (p < 0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These results demonstrate the potential of UDVs in the treatment of all arthritis diseases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49516542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230112110246
G. Şener, Ç. Macit, D. Ozbeyli, O. Cevik, Melisa Cetin, Sevil Özkan
Methotrexate is a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent. However, it has severe side effects, such as nephrotoxicity. Momordica charantia is a bright yellow-orange fruity plant that has been shown to have antioxidant, antidiabetic, and, anti-inflammatory properties. This study scrutinized the protective effects of Momordica charantia extract against methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity. 24 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups (8 rats in each): Control (C); Methotrexate (MTX); and Methotrexate plus Momordica charantia (MTX+MC). All rats were fed ad libitum and tap water. Methotrexate was administered at 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally as a single dose. In the MTX+MC group, MC was administered at a dose of 50mg/kg for 5 days orally. At the end of the 5th. day, the rats were decapitated and kidney samples were taken to analyze glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and caspase-3 activity. Data was analyzed with GraphPad Prism 5.0. Findings showed that while there was a significant increase in MDA, MPO, 8-OHdG levels, and an essential reduction in GSH levels in the MTX-treated group when compared with the control group, bitter melon treatment significantly reversed MDA, MPO, and 8-OHdG levels (p< 0.001). GSH level elevation was observed in the MTX-MC group when compared to the MTX-treated group (p< 0.001). This study showed that bitter melon is thought to have a protective effect against kidney damage caused by methotrexate. With future studies, we believe that the use of bitter melon extract as a protective agent in kidney damage caused by drug-induced oxidative damage will bring an innovative approach to treatment.
{"title":"Protective Effects of Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) against Methotrexate-induced Kidney Damage","authors":"G. Şener, Ç. Macit, D. Ozbeyli, O. Cevik, Melisa Cetin, Sevil Özkan","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230112110246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230112110246","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Methotrexate is a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent. However, it has severe side effects, such as nephrotoxicity. Momordica charantia is a bright yellow-orange fruity plant that has been shown to have antioxidant, antidiabetic, and, anti-inflammatory properties.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study scrutinized the protective effects of Momordica charantia extract against methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u000024 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups (8 rats in each): Control (C); Methotrexate (MTX); and Methotrexate plus Momordica charantia (MTX+MC). All rats were fed ad libitum and tap water. Methotrexate was administered at 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally as a single dose. In the MTX+MC group, MC was administered at a dose of 50mg/kg for 5 days orally. At the end of the 5th. day, the rats were decapitated and kidney samples were taken to analyze glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and caspase-3 activity. Data was analyzed with GraphPad Prism 5.0.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings showed that while there was a significant increase in MDA, MPO, 8-OHdG levels, and an essential reduction in GSH levels in the MTX-treated group when compared with the control group, bitter melon treatment significantly reversed MDA, MPO, and 8-OHdG levels (p< 0.001). GSH level elevation was observed in the MTX-MC group when compared to the MTX-treated group (p< 0.001).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study showed that bitter melon is thought to have a protective effect against kidney damage caused by methotrexate. With future studies, we believe that the use of bitter melon extract as a protective agent in kidney damage caused by drug-induced oxidative damage will bring an innovative approach to treatment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46880251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230105115229
Anahita Eslami-Ghayour, A. Taher, F. Eslami, H. Ghasemibasir, A. Irani, Arash Eslami -Ghayour
Since patients admitted to the intensive care unit have a compromised immune system and are more prone to infection than other patients, timely diagnosis and treatment of corneal ulcers among this group of patients can prevent vision loss. Therefore, it is necessary to treat eye infections and corneal ulcers promptly and economize prohibitive costs. Appropriate treatment with the most effective antibiotic before the answer is available to prevent corneal ulcer complications and blindness. This study was conducted from November 2019 to November 2020 and after approval by the ethics committee of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences with the code of ethics: IR.UMSHA.REC.1398.716. First, the corneal secretions of 121 patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Sina Hospital are prepared by an ophthalmologist (after anesthetizing the cornea with tetracaine drops and sterile swabs) and culture in four growth mediums (blood agar, chocolate agar, thioglycolate, and EMB). Microbial cultures are examined after 48 hours and a fungal culture is examined one week later. Disc diffusions are placed in positive microbial cultures. Antibiotic susceptibility or resistance of the antibiogram was recorded. Other demographic data, including patients' age and sex, are extracted from ICU files. Also, test results and patient identifications are recorded in a checklist designed for this purpose. Of all the antibiotics used against common bacteria, vancomycin (84%), colistin (80.43%), cefazolin (80%), and levofloxacin (60%) had the highest sensitivity and gentamicin (93.75%), ceftazidime (86.42 %) Erythromycin (85%) had the highest resistance against isolated bacteria. The data obtained from this study showed that the most common microorganisms in the age group under the age of 30 years were Acinetobacter Baumannii, in the group of 30-60 years old was Klebsiella pneumonia, and age group over 61 years old was Staphylococcus aureus, and the most sensitive antibiotics in the age group under 30 years were vancomycin and levofloxacin and the age group30-60 were colistin and vancomycin and in the age group over 61 years were vancomycin and cefazolin.
{"title":"Evaluation of Microbiological Culture and Antibiogram of the Patient with Corneal Ulcer due to Exposure Keratitis in the Intensive Care Unit in Sina Farshchian Hospital (2019-2020)","authors":"Anahita Eslami-Ghayour, A. Taher, F. Eslami, H. Ghasemibasir, A. Irani, Arash Eslami -Ghayour","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230105115229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230105115229","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Since patients admitted to the intensive care unit have a compromised immune system and are more prone to infection than other patients, timely diagnosis and treatment of corneal ulcers among this group of patients can prevent vision loss. Therefore, it is necessary to treat eye infections and corneal ulcers promptly and economize prohibitive costs.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Appropriate treatment with the most effective antibiotic before the answer is available to prevent corneal ulcer complications and blindness.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study was conducted from November 2019 to November 2020 and after approval by the ethics committee of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences with the code of ethics: IR.UMSHA.REC.1398.716. First, the corneal secretions of 121 patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Sina Hospital are prepared by an ophthalmologist (after anesthetizing the cornea with tetracaine drops and sterile swabs) and culture in four growth mediums (blood agar, chocolate agar, thioglycolate, and EMB). Microbial cultures are examined after 48 hours and a fungal culture is examined one week later. Disc diffusions are placed in positive microbial cultures. Antibiotic susceptibility or resistance of the antibiogram was recorded. Other demographic data, including patients' age and sex, are extracted from ICU files. Also, test results and patient identifications are recorded in a checklist designed for this purpose.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Of all the antibiotics used against common bacteria, vancomycin (84%), colistin (80.43%), cefazolin (80%), and levofloxacin (60%) had the highest sensitivity and gentamicin (93.75%), ceftazidime (86.42 %) Erythromycin (85%) had the highest resistance against isolated bacteria.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The data obtained from this study showed that the most common microorganisms in the age group under the age of 30 years were Acinetobacter Baumannii, in the group of 30-60 years old was Klebsiella pneumonia, and age group over 61 years old was Staphylococcus aureus, and the most sensitive antibiotics in the age group under 30 years were vancomycin and levofloxacin and the age group30-60 were colistin and vancomycin and in the age group over 61 years were vancomycin and cefazolin.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47195394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230103152130
Neelam Patel, S. Chaudhary, Ankit Chaudhary
Oral apremilast, a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, is ef-fective in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis and acute pso-riatic arthritic disease. According to BCS categorization, it is a class IV medi-cation, which denotes low solubility and lesser permeability through the skin. The objective of the research is to develop a nanoemulsion that will increase apremilast’s skin permeability. Utilizing a simplex lattice design, an optimised nanoemulsion has been developed, and then transformed into a gel form and created as a nanoemulgel. The nanoemulsion was developed by selecting the oil, surfactant, co-surfactant, and co-solvent, in that order, based on the solubility study, and was then evaluated based on various criteria. Different grades and concentra-tions of carbopol polymer were used to make nanoemulgel, which was then tested for physicochemical parameters like pH, viscosity, spreadability, ex-trudability, percentage of drug content, percentage of drug diffusion, skin permeation, and skin retention. For skin irritancy tests, male Wistar albino rats weighing between 200 and 250 g were used to find out how likely it was that apremilast-loaded nanoemulgel would cause skin irritation. The nanoemulsion formulation A5 containing 10% Captex 355 and 40% Smix in a 3:1 ratio of Cremophore RH 40: Labrafil showed the smallest particle size and greatest drug diffusion. In comparison to other formulations of emulgel, the 0.75 % concentration of carbopol 940 produced the best re-sults. A stable nanoemulgel system with apremilast loaded was creat-ed, and a number of process factors were assessed. The optimised batch pro-duced repeatable results when evaluated, exhibited no skin irritation, and was shown to be stable after three months at ambient conditions of temperature and humidity.
{"title":"Formulation Development and Evaluation of Apremilast Nanoemulgel for Enhancing Permeability","authors":"Neelam Patel, S. Chaudhary, Ankit Chaudhary","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230103152130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230103152130","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Oral apremilast, a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, is ef-fective in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis and acute pso-riatic arthritic disease. According to BCS categorization, it is a class IV medi-cation, which denotes low solubility and lesser permeability through the skin.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The objective of the research is to develop a nanoemulsion that will increase apremilast’s skin permeability. Utilizing a simplex lattice design, an optimised nanoemulsion has been developed, and then transformed into a gel form and created as a nanoemulgel.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The nanoemulsion was developed by selecting the oil, surfactant, co-surfactant, and co-solvent, in that order, based on the solubility study, and was then evaluated based on various criteria. Different grades and concentra-tions of carbopol polymer were used to make nanoemulgel, which was then tested for physicochemical parameters like pH, viscosity, spreadability, ex-trudability, percentage of drug content, percentage of drug diffusion, skin permeation, and skin retention. For skin irritancy tests, male Wistar albino rats weighing between 200 and 250 g were used to find out how likely it was that apremilast-loaded nanoemulgel would cause skin irritation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The nanoemulsion formulation A5 containing 10% Captex 355 and 40% Smix in a 3:1 ratio of Cremophore RH 40: Labrafil showed the smallest particle size and greatest drug diffusion. In comparison to other formulations of emulgel, the 0.75 % concentration of carbopol 940 produced the best re-sults.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A stable nanoemulgel system with apremilast loaded was creat-ed, and a number of process factors were assessed. The optimised batch pro-duced repeatable results when evaluated, exhibited no skin irritation, and was shown to be stable after three months at ambient conditions of temperature and humidity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48572965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666221227100052
Pravin Kumar, Sahil Sharma, M. Ashawat, V. Pandit, Chandrapal Verma, Dinesh Kumar Sharma
Silymarin, is a phytoactive constituent isolated from the fruits and seeds of Silybum marianum L Gaetn.), also called milk thistle belonging to the family of Asteracease. The phytoactive has been used to treat several physiological disorders. The objective of this manuscript was to review the therapeutic prospective of silymarin due to its ability to treatseveral physiological disorders. The databases such as Pubmed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar were reviewed for the investigations or reviews published related to the title. The discussion is focused on the immunomodulatory, chemopreventive, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of silymarin in various metabolic and dermatological disorders. In addition, the review discusses the different therapeutic potentials of silymarin such as the management of the liver disorder, skin carcinogenesis, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative disorders, and several dermatological disorders such as melasma, anti-aging, acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. Silymarin is safe even with a dose higher than the therapeutic dose. Silymarin had good potential for the safe and effective treatment of numerous metabolic and dermatological disorders.
{"title":"Silymarin: A Phytoconstituent with Significant Therapeutic Potential - A Narrative Review","authors":"Pravin Kumar, Sahil Sharma, M. Ashawat, V. Pandit, Chandrapal Verma, Dinesh Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666221227100052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666221227100052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Silymarin, is a phytoactive constituent isolated from the fruits and seeds of Silybum marianum L Gaetn.), also called milk thistle belonging to the family of Asteracease. The phytoactive has been used to treat several physiological disorders.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The objective of this manuscript was to review the therapeutic prospective of silymarin due to its ability to treatseveral physiological disorders.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The databases such as Pubmed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar were reviewed for the investigations or reviews published related to the title.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The discussion is focused on the immunomodulatory, chemopreventive, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of silymarin in various metabolic and dermatological disorders. In addition, the review discusses the different therapeutic potentials of silymarin such as the management of the liver disorder, skin carcinogenesis, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative disorders, and several dermatological disorders such as melasma, anti-aging, acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. Silymarin is safe even with a dose higher than the therapeutic dose.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Silymarin had good potential for the safe and effective treatment of numerous metabolic and dermatological disorders.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45269436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666221221085942
M. Mirghafourvand, Zahra Mollazadeh-Narestan, Parisa Yavarikia, Sepideh Mashayekh-Amiri, P. Gholizadeh
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common fungal infection of the vaginal area affecting 75% of women at least once in their lifetime. However, there is no clear evidence helping to choose the most effective treatment method to improve the symptoms of VVC. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of using honey with clotrimazole on the treatment of symptoms of VVC. All databases in English (Embase, MEDLINE, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) and Persian (Irandoc, SID, and Magiran) were searched without time limitation. Evaluation of studies in terms of bias was performed using the Cochrane handbook. Four clinical trials were included in the present systematic review; however, only three of them were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that the rate of positive culture after treatment (RR: 2.35; 95%CI: 1.45 to 3.82) was significantly higher in the honey group than in the clotrimazole one. The frequency of itching after treatment (RR: 0.25, 95%CI: 0.12 to 0.49) was significantly lower in the honey-receiving group than in the clotrimazole one. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of other symptoms of VVC, including vaginal discharge (RR: 0.26, 95%CI: 0.02 to 2.75), vaginal burning (RR: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.03 to 3.80) and dyspareunia (RR: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.27 to 1.50) between groups. Due to the low quality of the studies, more clinical trial studies with stronger designs in this field are needed to clearly identify the therapeutic effects of honey on improving the symptoms of VVC.
外阴阴道念珠菌感染（VVC）是一种常见的阴道真菌感染，75%的女性一生中至少感染一次。然而没有明确的证据可以帮助选择最有效的治疗方法来改善VVC的症状。本研究的目的是比较蜂蜜和克霉唑对VVC症状的治疗效果。所有英文数据库（Embase、MEDLINE、ProQuest、Google Scholar、Scopus、Cochrane Library和Web of Science）和波斯语数据库（Irandoc、SID和Magiran）在没有时间限制的情况下进行搜索。使用Cochrane手册对研究的偏倚进行评估。本系统综述包括四项临床试验；荟萃分析结果表明，蜂蜜组治疗后培养阳性率（RR:2.35；95%CI:1.45~3.82）显著高于克霉唑组。蜂蜜接受组治疗后瘙痒的频率（RR:0.25，95%CI:0.12-0.49）显著低于克霉唑组。然而，VVC的其他症状，包括阴道分泌物（RR:0.26，95%CI:0.02至2.75）、阴道灼热（RR:0.35，95%CI:0.03至3.80）和性交困难（RR:0.64，95%CI:0.27至1.50）的发生率在各组之间没有统计学上的显著差异。由于研究质量低，需要在该领域进行更多设计更强的临床试验研究，以明确蜂蜜对改善VVC症状的治疗效果。
{"title":"Comparison of the Efficacy of Honey and Clotrimazole Cream in the Vulvovaginal Candidiasis treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"M. Mirghafourvand, Zahra Mollazadeh-Narestan, Parisa Yavarikia, Sepideh Mashayekh-Amiri, P. Gholizadeh","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666221221085942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666221221085942","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common fungal infection of the vaginal area affecting 75% of women at least once in their lifetime. However, there is no clear evidence helping to choose the most effective treatment method to improve the symptoms of VVC.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The objective of this study was to compare the effect of using honey with clotrimazole on the treatment of symptoms of VVC.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000All databases in English (Embase, MEDLINE, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) and Persian (Irandoc, SID, and Magiran) were searched without time limitation. Evaluation of studies in terms of bias was performed using the Cochrane handbook. Four clinical trials were included in the present systematic review; however, only three of them were included in the meta-analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that the rate of positive culture after treatment (RR: 2.35; 95%CI: 1.45 to 3.82) was significantly higher in the honey group than in the clotrimazole one. The frequency of itching after treatment (RR: 0.25, 95%CI: 0.12 to 0.49) was significantly lower in the honey-receiving group than in the clotrimazole one. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of other symptoms of VVC, including vaginal discharge (RR: 0.26, 95%CI: 0.02 to 2.75), vaginal burning (RR: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.03 to 3.80) and dyspareunia (RR: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.27 to 1.50) between groups.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Due to the low quality of the studies, more clinical trial studies with stronger designs in this field are needed to clearly identify the therapeutic effects of honey on improving the symptoms of VVC.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44658819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666221216100311
B. Kumari, T. Kumar, D. Kumar, Aninda Sen
This study aims to develop a new hepatoprotective drug from common plants and vitamins that are potent, nontoxic, and cost-effective. The literature search found that Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Terminalia, chebula, and Vitamin A (Vitamin C + Vitamin E) provide hepatoprotective action against drugs-induced hepatotoxicity. A major side effect of antitubercular drugs (ATD) is liver toxicity, which reduces their effectiveness. In this study, Vitamins and Phytoconstituents (Combined extract) were evaluated for their potential hepatoprotective effects against hepatotoxicity induced by antitubercular drugs in Wistar albino rats of either sex. In the study, ethanolic extract of rhizomes of Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale, fruits of Terminalia chebula, and vitamins C and E were used. As a standard drug, silymarin was also used. For 30 days, albino rats received 7.5 mg/kg isoniazid, 10 mg/kg rifampicin, and 35 mg/kg pyrazinamide orally as a suspension in distilled water. A combined extract plus vitamins (500mg/kg) treatment significantly reduced the hepatic toxicity caused by antitubercular drugs (P<0.05-P<0.001). A combination of extracts + vitamins (500mg/kg) eliminates hepatotoxicity, and the results are close to those of Silymarin, a standard drug. As a result of this study, extracts+vitamins provide protection against liver injury attributed to their hepatoprotective activity, which supports their traditional use.
{"title":"Hepatoprotective Potential Of Phytoconstituents And Vitamins Against Antitubercular Drugs Induced Hepatotoxicity In Albino Rats","authors":"B. Kumari, T. Kumar, D. Kumar, Aninda Sen","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666221216100311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666221216100311","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This study aims to develop a new hepatoprotective drug from common plants and vitamins that are potent, nontoxic, and cost-effective. The literature search found that Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Terminalia, chebula, and Vitamin A (Vitamin C + Vitamin E) provide hepatoprotective action against drugs-induced hepatotoxicity. A major side effect of antitubercular drugs (ATD) is liver toxicity, which reduces their effectiveness.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this study, Vitamins and Phytoconstituents (Combined extract) were evaluated for their potential hepatoprotective effects against hepatotoxicity induced by antitubercular drugs in Wistar albino rats of either sex.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the study, ethanolic extract of rhizomes of Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale, fruits of Terminalia chebula, and vitamins C and E were used. As a standard drug, silymarin was also used. For 30 days, albino rats received 7.5 mg/kg isoniazid, 10 mg/kg rifampicin, and 35 mg/kg pyrazinamide orally as a suspension in distilled water.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A combined extract plus vitamins (500mg/kg) treatment significantly reduced the hepatic toxicity caused by antitubercular drugs (P<0.05-P<0.001). A combination of extracts + vitamins (500mg/kg) eliminates hepatotoxicity, and the results are close to those of Silymarin, a standard drug.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000As a result of this study, extracts+vitamins provide protection against liver injury attributed to their hepatoprotective activity, which supports their traditional use.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43683421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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