Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230823094333
Anjo Sunny, Treesa P. Varghese, Nila Mary Varghese
The improper or incorrect usage of birth control results in unintended pregnancy. In India, 78% of pregnancies are accidental, with unwanted pregnancies accounting for about 25% of all pregnancies. The family, society, and country may all be financially impacted by such pregnancies. Community pharmacists must have a good attitude and sufficient knowledge of emergency contraception pills (ECPs) in order for women to receive them in a timely manner and as a result, have fewer unintended pregnancies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and, practices of community pharmacy practitioners towards ECPs. A cross-sectional study was carried out on retail pharmacies located in Madhya Pradesh, Mumbai. A standardized questionnaire was used in 164 community pharmacies to interview about CPPs using a convenience sampling technique. The survey evaluated the CPPs' dispensing procedures, knowledge, attitude, and demographic profile. Data analysis was carried out by using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). A total of 164 registered pharmacists participated in the study, which included 76.1 % (n=124) males and 23.9% (n=39) females. Among all the participants, 73.0% of them had a diploma in pharmacy (D Pharm) education, and half of the study participants had a working experience between 1-5 years. In this study, 56.64 %, 27.6%, and 16% of participants had average knowledge, sound knowledge, and poor knowledge, respectively. Results showed that 90.2 % (147) of pharmacists came under the positive attitude category, 5.5% of pharmacists had a negative attitude, and 4.3% had a neutral attitude. A moderate positive linear relationship (0.401) existed between the knowledge and attitude of the pharmacist in this study. Attitude and dispensing of emergency OC as OTC to people older than 18 years old and less than 18 years old showed a moderate negative linear relationship. After adjusting the possible confounder variables, age and years of experience significantly affected the knowledge, attitude, and practice of EC. In conclusion, the present study has shown that there is generally a lack of knowledge and poor attitude toward emergency contraceptive medicines among community pharmacists. Therefore, it is recommended that improving pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) through proper training and counseling about EC can enhance the appropriate use of drugs.
不恰当或不正确地使用节育措施会导致意外怀孕。在印度，78%的怀孕是意外怀孕，意外怀孕约占所有怀孕的25%。家庭、社会和国家都可能受到这种怀孕的经济影响。社区药剂师必须对紧急避孕药有良好的态度和足够的知识，以便妇女及时获得避孕药，从而减少意外怀孕。本研究的目的是调查社区药房从业人员对ECPs的知识、态度和实践。横断面研究进行了零售药店位于中央邦，孟买。采用方便抽样法，采用标准化问卷对164家社区药房的cpp患者进行访谈。该调查评估了cpp的分配程序、知识、态度和人口统计资料。使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)第18版(SPSS Inc.， Chicago, IL, USA)进行数据分析。共有164名注册药师参与研究，其中男性占76.1% (n=124)，女性占23.9% (n=39)。在所有参与者中，73.0%的人拥有药学(D Pharm)教育文凭，一半的研究参与者有1-5年的工作经验。在本研究中，56.64%的参与者知识一般，27.6%的参与者知识较好，16%的参与者知识较差。结果:90.2%(147人)的药师态度为积极，5.5%的药师态度为消极，4.3%的药师态度为中性。在本研究中，药师的知识与态度之间存在中度正线性关系(0.401)。态度与18岁以上和18岁以下人群急诊OC作为OTC的配药呈中度负线性关系。在调整可能的混杂变量后，年龄和经验年数显著影响电子商务的知识、态度和实践。综上所述，本研究表明，社区药师对紧急避孕药的知识普遍缺乏，态度不佳。因此，建议通过适当的培训和咨询，提高药师的知识、态度和实践(KAP)，以促进药物的合理使用。
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Dispensing Practice of Emergency Contraceptive Pills among Community Pharmacists: A Cross-sectional Survey","authors":"Anjo Sunny, Treesa P. Varghese, Nila Mary Varghese","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230823094333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230823094333","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The improper or incorrect usage of birth control results in unintended pregnancy. In India, 78% of pregnancies are accidental, with unwanted pregnancies accounting for about 25% of all pregnancies. The family, society, and country may all be financially impacted by such pregnancies. Community pharmacists must have a good attitude and sufficient knowledge of emergency contraception pills (ECPs) in order for women to receive them in a timely manner and as a result, have fewer unintended pregnancies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and, practices of community pharmacy practitioners towards ECPs.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A cross-sectional study was carried out on retail pharmacies located in Madhya Pradesh, Mumbai. A standardized questionnaire was used in 164 community pharmacies to interview about CPPs using a convenience sampling technique. The survey evaluated the CPPs' dispensing procedures, knowledge, attitude, and demographic profile. Data analysis was carried out by using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 164 registered pharmacists participated in the study, which included 76.1 % (n=124) males and 23.9% (n=39) females. Among all the participants, 73.0% of them had a diploma in pharmacy (D Pharm) education, and half of the study participants had a working experience between 1-5 years. In this study, 56.64 %, 27.6%, and 16% of participants had average knowledge, sound knowledge, and poor knowledge, respectively. Results showed that 90.2 % (147) of pharmacists came under the positive attitude category, 5.5% of pharmacists had a negative attitude, and 4.3% had a neutral attitude. A moderate positive linear relationship (0.401) existed between the knowledge and attitude of the pharmacist in this study. Attitude and dispensing of emergency OC as OTC to people older than 18 years old and less than 18 years old showed a moderate negative linear relationship. After adjusting the possible confounder variables, age and years of experience significantly affected the knowledge, attitude, and practice of EC.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In conclusion, the present study has shown that there is generally a lack of knowledge and poor attitude toward emergency contraceptive medicines among community pharmacists. Therefore, it is recommended that improving pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) through proper training and counseling about EC can enhance the appropriate use of drugs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44285531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230822144922
Sushma Verma, Vindhya Pal
The defining features of dry eye syndrome, a frequent tear and ocular surface multifactorial disorder, are changes in the ocular surface epithelia linked with less tear production and elevated sensitivity of the ocular surface, which trigger an inflammatory response. Aqueous deficit dry eye and evaporated dry eye are the two common types of dry eye. A few of the testing methods used to detect Dry Eye Disease are the Schirmer’s test, Tear Meniscus Volume, Tear Break-up Time, Tear Film Thickness, Meibomian Gland Infrared Meibography, Lissamine Green Staining, and Rose Bengal Staining. Hyperosmolarity and instability are the main pathogenic processes of dry eye disease. These systems are intricately linked to one another and create a "vicious circle" that never ends. The objective of this review was to describe patented formulations, novel drug delivery systems and herbal drugs for Dry Eye Disease. Following a thorough assessment, the current study has elaborated a number of patented formulations in the form of contact lenses, biomarkers, novel approaches, and emulsions (traditional dosage forms) as well as natural medicines. In comparison to standard dosage forms, contact lenses and novel approaches have longer contact times and higher bioavailability. In this paper, the diagnostic methods of dry eye disease, the outcomes of pathophysiology, herbal treatments, nanotherapeutics, and current patented medicine formulations are described.
{"title":"Patented Formulations, Nanotherapeutics and Herbal Compound Applications for Dry Eye: A Review","authors":"Sushma Verma, Vindhya Pal","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230822144922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230822144922","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The defining features of dry eye syndrome, a frequent tear and ocular surface multifactorial disorder, are changes in the ocular surface epithelia linked with less tear production and elevated sensitivity of the ocular surface, which trigger an inflammatory response. Aqueous deficit dry eye and evaporated dry eye are the two common types of dry eye. A few of the testing methods used to detect Dry Eye Disease are the Schirmer’s test, Tear Meniscus Volume, Tear Break-up Time, Tear Film Thickness, Meibomian Gland Infrared Meibography, Lissamine Green Staining, and Rose Bengal Staining. Hyperosmolarity and instability are the main pathogenic processes of dry eye disease. These systems are intricately linked to one another and create a \"vicious circle\" that never ends.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The objective of this review was to describe patented formulations, novel drug delivery systems and herbal drugs for Dry Eye Disease.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Following a thorough assessment, the current study has elaborated a number of patented formulations in the form of contact lenses, biomarkers, novel approaches, and emulsions (traditional dosage forms) as well as natural medicines. In comparison to standard dosage forms, contact lenses and novel approaches have longer contact times and higher bioavailability.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this paper, the diagnostic methods of dry eye disease, the outcomes of pathophysiology, herbal treatments, nanotherapeutics, and current patented medicine formulations are described.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42479394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230818105848
R. Pal, Y. Pal, Jaspreet Lagah, Deepti Katiyar, Saranya Punniyakotti
Numerous herbal-based Ayurvedic and Chinese medications contain a variety of phytochemicals that may have a neuroprotective impact and help treat a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. The natural medicinal drug has long been used to treat neural signs and symptoms. There has been an enormous public and clinical interest in the use of Phytoconstituents for neuroprotection or the prevention of neurodegenerative illnesses. Various compounds, isolated from exclusive natural sources with multiple objectives seem as a capacity and promising class of therapeutics for the remedy of illnesses associated with neuro-related issues. It is vitally important to identify and create novel therapeutic strategies. The possibility for safe, naturally occurring secondary metabolites with neuroprotective characteristics is present in plants and other natural products. This review intends to take a closer look at some specific elements of natural phytoactives that are thought to be significant for the treatment of neuro-related illnesses.
{"title":"Molecular Contrivance Of Deed Of Neuroprotective Biomolecules","authors":"R. Pal, Y. Pal, Jaspreet Lagah, Deepti Katiyar, Saranya Punniyakotti","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230818105848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230818105848","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Numerous herbal-based Ayurvedic and Chinese medications contain a variety of phytochemicals that may have a neuroprotective impact and help treat a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. The natural medicinal drug has long been used to treat neural signs and symptoms. There has been an enormous public and clinical interest in the use of Phytoconstituents for neuroprotection or the prevention of neurodegenerative illnesses. Various compounds, isolated from exclusive natural sources with multiple objectives seem as a capacity and promising class of therapeutics for the remedy of illnesses associated with neuro-related issues. It is vitally important to identify and create novel therapeutic strategies. The possibility for safe, naturally occurring secondary metabolites with neuroprotective characteristics is present in plants and other natural products. This review intends to take a closer look at some specific elements of natural phytoactives that are thought to be significant for the treatment of neuro-related illnesses.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41586557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230818102714
Namra Aziz, V. Garg, Yadav Rupali Vinod, Arpit Gupta, A. Wal, Shruti Rathore, P. Wal
The comprehension of the molecular, cellular, and biological mechanisms that underlie the management of the sleep-wake cycle, as well as the effects of circadian disruption on health and illness, has made significant strides. An extensive literature review was done from the standard databases such as Scopus, Elsevier, and PubMed using standard keywords “Circadian rhythm”, and “sleep disorders”. In this section, we examined circadian biology and provided adetailed description of the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of the most typical Circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSDs) seen in clinical practice. It can be concluded that the central circadian rhythm mechanism may be altered, or the intrinsic circadian clock and the environment may not be in sync, to produce circadian rhythm sleep disorders. As a consequence, we must focus on modifying our way of life in a constructive and healthy way. Even while the lifestyle is based on personal preferences and identities, it is important to examine it in isolation from its sociocultural environment
{"title":"An Update On The Role Of Circadian Rhythms In Sleep Disorders","authors":"Namra Aziz, V. Garg, Yadav Rupali Vinod, Arpit Gupta, A. Wal, Shruti Rathore, P. Wal","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230818102714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230818102714","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The comprehension of the molecular, cellular, and biological mechanisms that underlie the management of the sleep-wake cycle, as well as the effects of circadian disruption on health and illness, has made significant strides.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000An extensive literature review was done from the standard databases such as Scopus, Elsevier, and PubMed using standard keywords “Circadian rhythm”, and “sleep disorders”. In this section, we examined circadian biology and provided adetailed description of the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of the most typical Circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSDs) seen in clinical practice.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It can be concluded that the central circadian rhythm mechanism may be altered, or the intrinsic circadian clock and the environment may not be in sync, to produce circadian rhythm sleep disorders. As a consequence, we must focus on modifying our way of life in a constructive and healthy way. Even while the lifestyle is based on personal preferences and identities, it is important to examine it in isolation from its sociocultural environment\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43129078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230817163907
Forouz Pouryousef, P. Shakib, K. Issazadeh, M. Zolfaghari
Marine sediments are rich sources for isolating active secondary metabolites from microorganisms. Among the microorganisms, Actinomycetes are highly important due to the production of various chemical compounds in a wide range of biological activities, such as antibacterial activity. Streptomyces is the most important genera in the family of Actinomycetes. As a member of this group, it has great potential in the production of secondary metabolites such as antibiotics, enzymes, herbicides, anti-carcinogenic, and other useful compounds. This study aims to identify bioactive compounds of Streptomyces isolated from sediments of the Salt Lake of Qom and to study their antimicrobial properties against standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, 20 samples were collected from a depth of 5 to 15-20 cm of sediment in the Salt Lake of Qom. Pure cultivations were then provided from these samples. This study used starch casein agar (SCA) to isolate streptomyces, and 35 Streptomyces were isolated. The disc diffusion method was used to explore the antimicrobial properties of Streptomyces against clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and strains standard of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1310. Seven strains, including SCA3 SCB1, SCB4, SCB8, SCC15, SCC18, and SCC28 strains, had antimicrobial properties. In this study, the results show that SCC15 with the halo diameter of 17, 17, 15, and 19 contains the best antibacterial properties against clinical strains 1, 2and 3 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1310. among the 16 peaks observed by GC/MS to identify bioactive compounds of Streptomyces, it was found that Bis (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate, with 69.06 percent, had the highest peak production, which reflects the importance of phthalates in microbial activities. According to the results, the Salt Lake of Qom was one of the sources of Streptomyces. In addition, the isolated Streptomyces had antimicrobial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. It was also found that phthalate was the most bioactive substance of Streptomyces isolated.
{"title":"Identification of Bioactive Compounds of Streptomyces spp. Isolated from Qom Lake Sediments and Evaluation of its Antimicrobial Activity Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Forouz Pouryousef, P. Shakib, K. Issazadeh, M. Zolfaghari","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230817163907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230817163907","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Marine sediments are rich sources for isolating active secondary metabolites from microorganisms. Among the microorganisms, Actinomycetes are highly important due to the production of various chemical compounds in a wide range of biological activities, such as antibacterial activity. Streptomyces is the most important genera in the family of Actinomycetes. As a member of this group, it has great potential in the production of secondary metabolites such as antibiotics, enzymes, herbicides, anti-carcinogenic, and other useful compounds.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aims to identify bioactive compounds of Streptomyces isolated from sediments of the Salt Lake of Qom and to study their antimicrobial properties against standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this study, 20 samples were collected from a depth of 5 to 15-20 cm of sediment in the Salt Lake of Qom. Pure cultivations were then provided from these samples. This study used starch casein agar (SCA) to isolate streptomyces, and 35 Streptomyces were isolated. The disc diffusion method was used to explore the antimicrobial properties of Streptomyces against clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and strains standard of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1310.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Seven strains, including SCA3 SCB1, SCB4, SCB8, SCC15, SCC18, and SCC28 strains, had antimicrobial properties. In this study, the results show that SCC15 with the halo diameter of 17, 17, 15, and 19 contains the best antibacterial properties against clinical strains 1, 2and 3 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1310. among the 16 peaks observed by GC/MS to identify bioactive compounds of Streptomyces, it was found that Bis (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate, with 69.06 percent, had the highest peak production, which reflects the importance of phthalates in microbial activities.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000According to the results, the Salt Lake of Qom was one of the sources of Streptomyces. In addition, the isolated Streptomyces had antimicrobial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. It was also found that phthalate was the most bioactive substance of Streptomyces isolated.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45808123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230816102248
Shivam, Asheesh Gupta
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) buildup and hyperglycemia both contribute significantly to the onset of diabetic nephropathy. A plant with high flavonoid content, Fenugreek Seeds Extract (FSE), may be able to reduce the activity of oxidative stress in cells and tissues. The purpose of this study was to determine if Fenugreek Seeds Extract (FSE) could prevent kidney damage in diabetic rats caused by the production of AGEs in the renal glomerulus. The current study aimed to estimate phytochemical screening, in-vitro antioxidant activity, and nephron-protective effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek Seeds) methanolic extract. We have demonstrated the phytochemical composition of extract of fenugreek seeds. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using DPPH assay. Total of thirty six albino wistar rats were used for diabetic nephropthic activity. Normal control rats and diabetic rats were given low doses of fenugreek seed extract (100 mg/kg), medium doses (200 mg/kg), and high doses (400 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 8 weeks before being put to sacrificed. Adiponectin, renal function markers, pro-inflammatory markers, antioxidative markers, and glucose concentration were all measured. It has been found that FSE treatment significantly prevented in STZ-induced increases in urine production, urinary albumin excretion, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and markedly attenuated STZ-induced renal damages. Levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and malondialdehyde of kidney tissue were lower in extract treated groups than in contrast agent treated group, but the decrease in serum MDA was significant in the group given FSE. Serum antioxidant capacity was higher in the FSE contrast agent group than in the contrast agent group. Kidney tissue anti-oxidant capacity was significantly higher in the group given FSE than the contrast agent group. This study demonstrated that an appropriate amount of FSE 200 mg/kg in rats, could prevent diabetic nephropathy by improving antioxidant status and inhibiting inflammation in renal tissue. FSE extract may be effective in treating high-glucose-induced nephropathy.
{"title":"Phytochemical study and Protective Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek Seeds) Methanolic Extract Underlying the Mechanism of Action on Diabetic Nephropathy in Experimental Rats","authors":"Shivam, Asheesh Gupta","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230816102248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230816102248","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) buildup and hyperglycemia both contribute significantly to the onset of diabetic nephropathy. A plant with high flavonoid content, Fenugreek Seeds Extract (FSE), may be able to reduce the activity of oxidative stress in cells and tissues. The purpose of this study was to determine if Fenugreek Seeds Extract (FSE) could prevent kidney damage in diabetic rats caused by the production of AGEs in the renal glomerulus.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The current study aimed to estimate phytochemical screening, in-vitro antioxidant activity, and nephron-protective effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek Seeds) methanolic extract.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We have demonstrated the phytochemical composition of extract of fenugreek seeds. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using DPPH assay. Total of thirty six albino wistar rats were used for diabetic nephropthic activity. Normal control rats and diabetic rats were given low doses of fenugreek seed extract (100 mg/kg), medium doses (200 mg/kg), and high doses (400 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 8 weeks before being put to sacrificed. Adiponectin, renal function markers, pro-inflammatory markers, antioxidative markers, and glucose concentration were all measured.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It has been found that FSE treatment significantly prevented in STZ-induced increases in urine production, urinary albumin excretion, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and markedly attenuated STZ-induced renal damages. Levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and malondialdehyde of kidney tissue were lower in extract treated groups than in contrast agent treated group, but the decrease in serum MDA was significant in the group given FSE. Serum antioxidant capacity was higher in the FSE contrast agent group than in the contrast agent group. Kidney tissue anti-oxidant capacity was significantly higher in the group given FSE than the contrast agent group.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study demonstrated that an appropriate amount of FSE 200 mg/kg in rats, could prevent diabetic nephropathy by improving antioxidant status and inhibiting inflammation in renal tissue. FSE extract may be effective in treating high-glucose-induced nephropathy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48333748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230816095340
Ramesh Bhandari, Deepthi Avvaru, R. K. Chaudhary, Bhavana Doshi
Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune dermatological life-threatening disease of which Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is the most common (1-5 cases/million/year) with a mortality rate of 60-90%. PV is generally characterized by painful oral erosions, along with or without cutaneous lesions, as blisters are often misdiagnosed. The management strategy of PV includes steroids along with adjuvant therapy. We report the case of three female patients with a mean age of 30.67 years who were diagnosed with pemphigus vulgaris and was on steroid therapy for a long duration. The long-term steroid therapy in all these three patients resulted in adverse drug reactions such as Cushing syndrome and oral and vaginal candidiasis. Although the steroid was found to cause ADR among these patients, the treatment with steroids and rituximab was continued. The withdrawal of steroids results in flare-up conditions, whereas the addition of rituximab serves as a steroid sparring partner in the management of PV. However, premedication was administered before the infusion of rituximab to prevent potential toxicity associated with rituximab. Further, administering pulse therapy over oral dosing of steroids lowers the risks of ADR and long-term complications associated with steroids. As PV requires the management of high doses of steroids along with the immunosuppressant, patients are more prone to developing drug-related problems. Hence, the rigorous monitoring of the therapy is vital to prevent adverse effects of long-term therapy. Clinical pharmacists and pharmacologists are the most suitable pillar of the healthcare system for drug therapy management.
{"title":"Steroid as a Saviour and Culprit in Pemphigus Vulgaris Therapy: A Rare Case Series","authors":"Ramesh Bhandari, Deepthi Avvaru, R. K. Chaudhary, Bhavana Doshi","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230816095340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230816095340","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune dermatological life-threatening disease of which Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is the most common (1-5 cases/million/year) with a mortality rate of 60-90%. PV is generally characterized by painful oral erosions, along with or without cutaneous lesions, as blisters are often misdiagnosed. The management strategy of PV includes steroids along with adjuvant therapy.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We report the case of three female patients with a mean age of 30.67 years who were diagnosed with pemphigus vulgaris and was on steroid therapy for a long duration. The long-term steroid therapy in all these three patients resulted in adverse drug reactions such as Cushing syndrome and oral and vaginal candidiasis. Although the steroid was found to cause ADR among these patients, the treatment with steroids and rituximab was continued. The withdrawal of steroids results in flare-up conditions, whereas the addition of rituximab serves as a steroid sparring partner in the management of PV. However, premedication was administered before the infusion of rituximab to prevent potential toxicity associated with rituximab. Further, administering pulse therapy over oral dosing of steroids lowers the risks of ADR and long-term complications associated with steroids.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000As PV requires the management of high doses of steroids along with the immunosuppressant, patients are more prone to developing drug-related problems. Hence, the rigorous monitoring of the therapy is vital to prevent adverse effects of long-term therapy. Clinical pharmacists and pharmacologists are the most suitable pillar of the healthcare system for drug therapy management.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47560244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230815163226
Sagar Pamu, S. Patyar, L. Thakkalapally
Food-drug interactions caused by dietary alkaloids like piperine may significantly impact medication metabolism and excretion. In this study, we studied piperine's effect on sitagliptin's PD and PK. The research assessed the food-drug interaction in normal and diabetic rabbits to demonstrate how piperine affects the PD and PK of sitagliptin. Piperine, sitagliptin, and sitagliptin plus piperine treatment were administered to normal and diabetic rabbits. Blood samples were taken from the treated rabbits at predetermined intervals on days 1, 3, 7, and 21. Plasma was extracted from the obtained blood samples, and glucose levels were measured by the GOD-POD technique and insulin levels by ELISA. The extracted plasma samples collected on days 1 & 21 at predetermined intervals were exposed to HPLC analysis for estimation of PK parameters of sitagliptin. In both normal and diabetic rabbits, statistically comparisons were done between PK/PD of sitagliptin alone and in combination with piperine. Piperine plus sitagliptin has no significant difference in glucose levels, percent blood glucose reductions, and insulin levels on 0, 1, 3, 7, 14 & 21st days in normal rabbits as compared with sitagliptin alone, and this may be because sitagliptin has no hypoglycemic effect. In diabetic rabbits, sitagliptin plus piperine significantly reduced blood glucose levels, raised the percent blood glucose reductions, and increased insulin levels on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21, compared with sitagliptin alone, demonstrating antihyperglycemic efficacy. Antihyperglycemic efficacy results indicate that sitagliptin with piperine has an additive effect on releasing more insulin, which is considered a PD interaction. In the PK study, sitagliptin plus piperine significantly raised the AUC0-∞, AUC0-t, AUMC0-∞, and AUMC0-t and lowered the CL of sitagliptin compared to sitagliptin alone on days 1 and 21 in normal and diabetic rabbits. Furthermore, the Tmax of sitagliptin did not change significantly, and the Ke, t1/2, and MRT varied non-significantly when piperine was administered concurrently. Additionally, Vd was also non-significantly altered in normal rabbits. This study's results suggest that piperine inhibits the CYP3A4 metabolic enzyme and P-gp (P-glycoprotein) substrate of sitagliptin in normal and diabetic rabbits, indicating a food-drug interaction. In normal rabbits, this study found no PD interaction. A PD interaction between piperine and sitagliptin showed the additive effect in diabetic rabbits by showing an antihyperglycemic activity. As per study findings, in normal and diabetic rabbits, piperine significantly increased the bioavailability of sitagliptin. However, the anticipated clinical response in humans cannot always be predicted from animal studies, so further research is required to evaluate drug interaction in humans.
{"title":"Sitagliptin with Piperine Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Studies in Normal and Diabetic Rabbits","authors":"Sagar Pamu, S. Patyar, L. Thakkalapally","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230815163226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230815163226","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Food-drug interactions caused by dietary alkaloids like piperine may significantly impact medication metabolism and excretion. In this study, we studied piperine's effect on sitagliptin's PD and PK.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The research assessed the food-drug interaction in normal and diabetic rabbits to demonstrate how piperine affects the PD and PK of sitagliptin. Piperine, sitagliptin, and sitagliptin plus piperine treatment were administered to normal and diabetic rabbits. Blood samples were taken from the treated rabbits at predetermined intervals on days 1, 3, 7, and 21. Plasma was extracted from the obtained blood samples, and glucose levels were measured by the GOD-POD technique and insulin levels by ELISA. The extracted plasma samples collected on days 1 & 21 at predetermined intervals were exposed to HPLC analysis for estimation of PK parameters of sitagliptin. In both normal and diabetic rabbits, statistically comparisons were done between PK/PD of sitagliptin alone and in combination with piperine.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Piperine plus sitagliptin has no significant difference in glucose levels, percent blood glucose reductions, and insulin levels on 0, 1, 3, 7, 14 & 21st days in normal rabbits as compared with sitagliptin alone, and this may be because sitagliptin has no hypoglycemic effect. In diabetic rabbits, sitagliptin plus piperine significantly reduced blood glucose levels, raised the percent blood glucose reductions, and increased insulin levels on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21, compared with sitagliptin alone, demonstrating antihyperglycemic efficacy. Antihyperglycemic efficacy results indicate that sitagliptin with piperine has an additive effect on releasing more insulin, which is considered a PD interaction. In the PK study, sitagliptin plus piperine significantly raised the AUC0-∞, AUC0-t, AUMC0-∞, and AUMC0-t and lowered the CL of sitagliptin compared to sitagliptin alone on days 1 and 21 in normal and diabetic rabbits. Furthermore, the Tmax of sitagliptin did not change significantly, and the Ke, t1/2, and MRT varied non-significantly when piperine was administered concurrently. Additionally, Vd was also non-significantly altered in normal rabbits. This study's results suggest that piperine inhibits the CYP3A4 metabolic enzyme and P-gp (P-glycoprotein) substrate of sitagliptin in normal and diabetic rabbits, indicating a food-drug interaction.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In normal rabbits, this study found no PD interaction. A PD interaction between piperine and sitagliptin showed the additive effect in diabetic rabbits by showing an antihyperglycemic activity. As per study findings, in normal and diabetic rabbits, piperine significantly increased the bioavailability of sitagliptin. However, the anticipated clinical response in humans cannot always be predicted from animal studies, so further research is required to evaluate drug interaction in humans.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46773009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-11DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230811121026
A. Hosseinzadeh, S. Mehrzadi, A. Hosseini, S. Hassani, Fahimeh Azimirad
Increased levels of oxidative stress are connected with depression. Due to the melatonin's antioxidant effects and vitamin D3 (Vit D3)'s regulatory effect on the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, the present study investigated the possible protective effect of melatonin and Vit D3 combination on restraint stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. After being subjected to restraint stress, mice were divided into six groups using a randomization process. These groups included non-stressed and stressed vehicle-treated groups, as well as groups treated with Vit D3 (25 μg/kg/day), melatonin (10 mg/kg) or fluoxetine. A group also received a combination of both melatonin and Vit D3. The forced swimming test (FST), and open field test (OFT) were conducted to evaluate behavioural changes. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and ADP/ATP ratio were evaluated in the hippocampus of mice. Restraint stress lengthened the immobility period in FST, while melatonin, Vit D3, and their combination all significantly reversed this impact. Co-administration of melatonin and Vit D3 was more effective than melatonin or Vit D3 administration alone at reducing immobility time. The exposure of mice to restraint stress has been linked to an elevation in the ADP/ATP ratio and oxidative stress in their hippocampus; however, these effects are reversed by the administration of melatonin and Vit D3 (10 mg/kg) alone or in combination. Melatonin and Vit D3 combination increased the hippocampus CAT activity compared with melatonin and Vit D3 alone. The current study's findings suggested that Vit D3 may enhance melatonin's potential as an antidepressant in FST.
{"title":"Evaluating the Antidepressant-like Properties of Melatonin and Vitamin D3 Combination in Mice Subjected to Restraint Stress: Investigating the Involvement of Oxidative Stress","authors":"A. Hosseinzadeh, S. Mehrzadi, A. Hosseini, S. Hassani, Fahimeh Azimirad","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230811121026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230811121026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Increased levels of oxidative stress are connected with depression. Due to the melatonin's antioxidant effects and vitamin D3 (Vit D3)'s regulatory effect on the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, the present study investigated the possible protective effect of melatonin and Vit D3 combination on restraint stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000After being subjected to restraint stress, mice were divided into six groups using a randomization process. These groups included non-stressed and stressed vehicle-treated groups, as well as groups treated with Vit D3 (25 μg/kg/day), melatonin (10 mg/kg) or fluoxetine. A group also received a combination of both melatonin and Vit D3. The forced swimming test (FST), and open field test (OFT) were conducted to evaluate behavioural changes. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and ADP/ATP ratio were evaluated in the hippocampus of mice.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Restraint stress lengthened the immobility period in FST, while melatonin, Vit D3, and their combination all significantly reversed this impact. Co-administration of melatonin and Vit D3 was more effective than melatonin or Vit D3 administration alone at reducing immobility time. The exposure of mice to restraint stress has been linked to an elevation in the ADP/ATP ratio and oxidative stress in their hippocampus; however, these effects are reversed by the administration of melatonin and Vit D3 (10 mg/kg) alone or in combination. Melatonin and Vit D3 combination increased the hippocampus CAT activity compared with melatonin and Vit D3 alone.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The current study's findings suggested that Vit D3 may enhance melatonin's potential as an antidepressant in FST.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43399012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-11DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230811144105
Aparna Gupta, Chandresh Patel, S. Verma, Rajat Yadav, Rizwana Bee
The goal of this study is to determine that treating depression with Piperine and Bupropion HCl in combination is more successful than with these medicines alone. -Depression is a mood disorder referred to as the collection of conditions connected with the elevation or lowering of the mood marked by melancholy, loss of interest in activities, with little or no social life. Despite the enormous amount of research, efficient treatment of depression is still one of the most desired aspects of managing depression. This study is focused on establishing the effectiveness of combinational therapy through animal behavioral models. The study was initiated by acclimatizing animals for one week in conventional laboratory settings. Depression was induced in animals through the forced swim method. Animal behavioral models were utilized to investigate the efficacy of the drug combination for the treatment of depression. Positive results were reported for the group treated with the drug combination and were significant (p < 0.05) to every other group that participated in the study. No mortality was found in any of the study groups. This study supports the efficacy of combinational therapy of Piperine and Bupropion HCl for treating depression.
{"title":"A behavioral analysis of the combinational effect of Piperine & Bupropion HCl for the treatment of depression","authors":"Aparna Gupta, Chandresh Patel, S. Verma, Rajat Yadav, Rizwana Bee","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230811144105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230811144105","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The goal of this study is to determine that treating depression with Piperine and Bupropion HCl in combination is more successful than with these medicines alone.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000-Depression is a mood disorder referred to as the collection of conditions connected with the elevation or lowering of the mood marked by melancholy, loss of interest in activities, with little or no social life. Despite the enormous amount of research, efficient treatment of depression is still one of the most desired aspects of managing depression.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study is focused on establishing the effectiveness of combinational therapy through animal behavioral models.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study was initiated by acclimatizing animals for one week in conventional laboratory settings. Depression was induced in animals through the forced swim method. Animal behavioral models were utilized to investigate the efficacy of the drug combination for the treatment of depression.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Positive results were reported for the group treated with the drug combination and were significant (p < 0.05) to every other group that participated in the study. No mortality was found in any of the study groups.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study supports the efficacy of combinational therapy of Piperine and Bupropion HCl for treating depression.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45723519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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