Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.2174/0115748855282746231208072819
Nitika Yadav, Neelottama Kushwaha, S. Kushwaha, Priyank Yadav
Diuretics are advised as the initial course of action for hypertension because they are successful in lowering hypervolemia and resolving electrolyte abnormalities. The most popular diuretics are included with their main characteristics in this summary. The primary line of treatment for common cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases is diuretics. Patients with hypertension, oedema, heart failure, as well as a variety of renal disorders are frequently treated with conventional diuretics. The usage of the various types of diuretics that are now licensed for therapeutic use generally has a favourable risk/benefit ratio. Nevertheless, they are not without drawbacks. Pharmaceutical scientists have thus been working to develop new drugs with an enhanced pharmacological profile. SGLT2 inhibitors (sodium-glucose-linked cotransporter 2 inhibitors) have altered how hypoglycaemic medications are thought to affect heart failure. Despite the presence or absence of diabetes, the sodiumglucose-linked cotransporter subtype 2-inhibitor class, which was first developed as a therapy for T2DM (Type 2 Diabetes mellitus), has shown considerable promise in lowering cardiovascular risk, particularly in relation to heart failure (HF) outcomes. The immediate and substantial improvements observed in clinical studies do not appear to be attributable to the drug's fundamental mechanism, which involves inducing glycosuria and diuresis by blocking receptors in the renal nephron. Among patients with chronic heart failure and cirrhosis, hyponatremia is a risk factor for death.
{"title":"Role of Conventional and Novel Classes of Diuretics in Various Diseases","authors":"Nitika Yadav, Neelottama Kushwaha, S. Kushwaha, Priyank Yadav","doi":"10.2174/0115748855282746231208072819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855282746231208072819","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Diuretics are advised as the initial course of action for hypertension because they are successful in lowering hypervolemia and resolving electrolyte abnormalities. The most popular diuretics\u0000are included with their main characteristics in this summary. The primary line of treatment for common cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases is diuretics. Patients with hypertension, oedema,\u0000heart failure, as well as a variety of renal disorders are frequently treated with conventional diuretics.\u0000The usage of the various types of diuretics that are now licensed for therapeutic use generally has a\u0000favourable risk/benefit ratio. Nevertheless, they are not without drawbacks. Pharmaceutical scientists\u0000have thus been working to develop new drugs with an enhanced pharmacological profile. SGLT2\u0000inhibitors (sodium-glucose-linked cotransporter 2 inhibitors) have altered how hypoglycaemic medications are thought to affect heart failure. Despite the presence or absence of diabetes, the sodiumglucose-linked cotransporter subtype 2-inhibitor class, which was first developed as a therapy for\u0000T2DM (Type 2 Diabetes mellitus), has shown considerable promise in lowering cardiovascular risk,\u0000particularly in relation to heart failure (HF) outcomes. The immediate and substantial improvements\u0000observed in clinical studies do not appear to be attributable to the drug's fundamental mechanism,\u0000which involves inducing glycosuria and diuresis by blocking receptors in the renal nephron. Among\u0000patients with chronic heart failure and cirrhosis, hyponatremia is a risk factor for death.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139602380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.2174/0115748855274909231221064302
R. Pal, Y. Pal, M. Chaitanya, Salahuddin
Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenol generated from plants. It is an organic substance that can be found in grapes, some berries, as well as other fruits and nuts. Numerous health benefits, such as anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-ischemic, anti-aging, steroidogenic effects, and antioxidant effects, have been demonstrated for it. Clinical trials show that it is technically safe to take resveratrol in doses up to 5 g per day. Resveratrol has an effect on the most common problems related to pregnancy and has an impact on embryogenesis and the reproductive health of women since it is a phytoestrogen. This paper could serve as a foundation for more in-depth clinical research on various perspectives of resveratrol.
{"title":"A Detailed Overview of the Role of Resveratrol in Feminine Care: Multiple\u0000Health Care Benefits","authors":"R. Pal, Y. Pal, M. Chaitanya, Salahuddin","doi":"10.2174/0115748855274909231221064302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855274909231221064302","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenol generated from plants. It is an organic substance that\u0000can be found in grapes, some berries, as well as other fruits and nuts. Numerous health benefits, such\u0000as anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-ischemic, anti-aging, steroidogenic effects,\u0000and antioxidant effects, have been demonstrated for it. Clinical trials show that it is technically safe\u0000to take resveratrol in doses up to 5 g per day. Resveratrol has an effect on the most common problems\u0000related to pregnancy and has an impact on embryogenesis and the reproductive health of women since\u0000it is a phytoestrogen. This paper could serve as a foundation for more in-depth clinical research on\u0000various perspectives of resveratrol.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139599204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.2174/0115748855284405231212051251
D. Lu, Ting-Ren Lu
Cancer is a complex and high-mortality disease in the clinic. Cancer metastasis leads to most cancer deaths. The therapeutics for cancer metastasis are greatly unsatisfactory now. Despite different types of antimetastatic agents and drugs have been reported, 90% of patients die in 5 years after metastatic nodules at secondary sites have been found. Many pharmacologic challenges and opportunities for current metastasis therapies are presented. To overcome the dilemma and shortcomings of antimetastatic treatment, medical, chemical, pharmaceutical, methodological and technical issues are integrated and highlighted. To introduce up-to-date knowledge and insights into drug targeting and pharmaceutical features and clinical paradigms, relevant drug design insights are discussed—including different pathological modes, diagnosis advances, metastatic cascade, tumor plasticity, variety of animal models, therapeutic biomarkers, computational tools and cancer genomics. Integrated knowledge, systems and therapeutics are focused. In summary, medicinal comparison, pharmaceutical innovation and clinical strategies should be increasingly investigated.
{"title":"Antimetastatic Drug, Pharmacologic Challenge and Opportunity","authors":"D. Lu, Ting-Ren Lu","doi":"10.2174/0115748855284405231212051251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855284405231212051251","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Cancer is a complex and high-mortality disease in the clinic. Cancer metastasis leads to\u0000most cancer deaths. The therapeutics for cancer metastasis are greatly unsatisfactory now. Despite\u0000different types of antimetastatic agents and drugs have been reported, 90% of patients die in 5 years\u0000after metastatic nodules at secondary sites have been found.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Many pharmacologic challenges and opportunities for current metastasis therapies are presented. To\u0000overcome the dilemma and shortcomings of antimetastatic treatment, medical, chemical, pharmaceutical,\u0000methodological and technical issues are integrated and highlighted. To introduce up-to-date\u0000knowledge and insights into drug targeting and pharmaceutical features and clinical paradigms, relevant\u0000drug design insights are discussed—including different pathological modes, diagnosis advances,\u0000metastatic cascade, tumor plasticity, variety of animal models, therapeutic biomarkers, computational\u0000tools and cancer genomics. Integrated knowledge, systems and therapeutics are focused.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In summary, medicinal comparison, pharmaceutical innovation and clinical strategies should be increasingly\u0000investigated.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139601026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.2174/0115748855272102231205111945
F. Tavasolian, E. Abdollahi, Robert D. Inman, A. Sahebkar
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a complex autoimmune and auto-inflammatory disorder characterized by a gradual onset that can progress to spinal ankylosis over time. This chronic condition primarily affects the sacroiliac joints and the spine, often extending its influence to peripheral joints and extra-articular organs, including the eyes AS is associated with significant disability, along with comorbidities such as uveitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, individuals with AS face an elevated risk of mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). This paper explores the potential benefits of statins, known for their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, in mitigating AS-related cardiovascular risk and their therapeutic effects on disease activity.
{"title":"Protective Effect of Statin Therapy in Ankylosing Spondylitis","authors":"F. Tavasolian, E. Abdollahi, Robert D. Inman, A. Sahebkar","doi":"10.2174/0115748855272102231205111945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855272102231205111945","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a complex autoimmune and auto-inflammatory disorder\u0000characterized by a gradual onset that can progress to spinal ankylosis over time. This chronic condition\u0000primarily affects the sacroiliac joints and the spine, often extending its influence to peripheral\u0000joints and extra-articular organs, including the eyes AS is associated with significant disability, along\u0000with comorbidities such as uveitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, individuals with AS\u0000face an elevated risk of mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). This paper explores the potential\u0000benefits of statins, known for their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, in mitigating\u0000AS-related cardiovascular risk and their therapeutic effects on disease activity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139602587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.2174/0115748855270231231123024158
Vikas Katiyara, Hemasri Velmurugan, Himanshu Nirmal Chandu, Muthathal Subramanian, P. Thangaraju, S. Venkatesan, Eswaran Thangaraju
The importance of medical professionals like clinical pharmacologists in the field of sport medicine lies in their expertise in doping and anti-doping. There is a need to identify the expertise globally and understand the pattern of research being done in this area. This helps for future collaborative and combined policies, irrespective of any borders. The purpose of this study was to conduct a scientometric examination of bibliographic facts linked to clinical pharmacology in doping and antidoping, and data from PubMed was retrieved between January 2012 and January 2021. This study looked at scientometric approaches such as frequency distribution, percentage analysis, relative growth rate and doubling time, and level of collaboration. During the research period, we acquired a total of 65 articles, and a maximum of 13 (20%) were contributed in the year 2021. The relative growth rate is declining, and the doubling time was increasing between 2014 and 2021. This will be the first scientometric analysis done on the topic to best of our knowledge, and this study will act as a document for further research on the topic.
{"title":"Analysis of Clinical Pharmacology Research Publication in Doping and\u0000Anti-Doping: A Scientometric Study","authors":"Vikas Katiyara, Hemasri Velmurugan, Himanshu Nirmal Chandu, Muthathal Subramanian, P. Thangaraju, S. Venkatesan, Eswaran Thangaraju","doi":"10.2174/0115748855270231231123024158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855270231231123024158","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The importance of medical professionals like clinical pharmacologists in the field of sport\u0000medicine lies in their expertise in doping and anti-doping. There is a need to identify the expertise\u0000globally and understand the pattern of research being done in this area. This helps for future collaborative\u0000and combined policies, irrespective of any borders. The purpose of this study was to conduct a\u0000scientometric examination of bibliographic facts linked to clinical pharmacology in doping and antidoping,\u0000and data from PubMed was retrieved between January 2012 and January 2021. This study\u0000looked at scientometric approaches such as frequency distribution, percentage analysis, relative\u0000growth rate and doubling time, and level of collaboration. During the research period, we acquired a\u0000total of 65 articles, and a maximum of 13 (20%) were contributed in the year 2021. The relative\u0000growth rate is declining, and the doubling time was increasing between 2014 and 2021. This will be\u0000the first scientometric analysis done on the topic to best of our knowledge, and this study will act as\u0000a document for further research on the topic.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.2174/0115748855270864240104094025
Niraj Patel, Rakesh Patel, A. Dharamsi
The current research aimed to create and analyze a new long-acting Brexpiprazole (BRX) injectable for successful anti-psychotic drug therapy in order to decrease dosage frequency and increase patient compliance. Systems for drug transport to particular body sites or regulating release rates with accuracy are known as drug delivery systems (DDS). By affixing the drug to a carrier particle like liposomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, etc., which modifies the drug's absorption and release properties, using carrier technology, drugs may be delivered in an intelligent manner. Utilizing Resomer RG 502 H and RESOMER® RG 752 H extended-release Polymer, Using a quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion, microspheres were made, and emulsification and solvent evaporation process. The produced microspheres were assessed for stability tests, in vitro drug release, flow characteristics, and drug entrapment efficiency. FTIR experiments were used to establish how well the drug excipients worked together. The acarbose microspheres that were created had an 89.9 to 96.1 percent drug entrapment efficiency. The impact of factors like polymer content on medication release was studied. The Stability study of the formulation was carried out under different conditions, and data were established. Comparative pharmacokinetic studies between marketed oral formulation and Brexpirazole microsphere test formulations in Wistar/SD Rats were carried out and concluded. Brexpiprazole (BRX) novel long-acting injectable formulation, could be used effectively for the treatment of mentally challenged anti-psychotic patients worldwide. The acarbose microspheres that were created had an 89.9 to 96.1 percent drug entrapment efficiency. The impact of factors like polymer content on medication release was studied. The Stability study of the formulation was carried out under different conditions and data were established. Comparative pharmacokinetic studies between marketed oral formulation and Brexpirazole microsphere test formulations in Wistar/SD Rats were carried out and concluded. Based on Literature data and drug excipients compatibility polymers were selected for manufacturing of extended release brexpiprazole microsphere Formulation. Preliminary formulation trial batches were taken with different polymers and studied for Drug Entrapment Efficiency and In Vitro release of drugs. Drug entrapment efficiency data of all the formulations are found satisfactory. In vitro, release results are compared with each formulation and based on the data, trial batch B1 with RESOMER® RG 502 H Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) 50:50 polymer and trial batch B2 with RESOMER® RG 752 H Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) 75:25 polymer have satisfactory results. So based on the study RESOMER® RG 502 H Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) 50:50 and RESOMER® RG 752 H Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) 75:25 were selected for Polymer Concentration and Formulation optimization study. The formulation is kept in the stabi
目前的研究旨在开发和分析一种新型长效注射用布雷克哌唑（BRX），以成功进行抗精神病药物治疗，从而减少用药次数，提高患者的依从性。将药物输送到人体特定部位或精确调节释放率的系统被称为给药系统（DDS）。通过将药物粘附到脂质体、纳米颗粒、微球等载体颗粒上，从而改变药物的吸附性、利用 Resomer RG 502 H 和 RESOMER® RG 752 H 缓释聚合物，通过准乳液溶剂扩散、乳化和溶剂蒸发工艺制成微球。傅立叶变换红外光谱实验用于确定药物辅料的配合情况。所制成的阿卡波糖微球的药物夹持效率为 89.9% 至 96.1%。研究了聚合物含量等因素对药物释放的影响。在不同条件下对制剂进行了稳定性研究，并建立了相关数据。在 Wistar/SD 大鼠体内进行了市售口服制剂与布雷克吡唑微球试验制剂的药代动力学比较研究，并得出结论：布雷克吡唑（BRX）是一种新型长效注射制剂，可有效用于治疗全球精神障碍抗精神病患者。研究了聚合物含量等因素对药物释放的影响。在不同条件下对制剂进行了稳定性研究，并得出了相关数据。在 Wistar/SD 大鼠体内进行了市售口服制剂和布雷希拉唑微球试验制剂的药代动力学比较研究，并得出结论。使用不同的聚合物进行了初步配方试制，并研究了药物包埋效率和体外药物释放情况。所有配方的药物包埋效率数据都令人满意。根据数据，使用 RESOMER® RG 502 H Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) 50:50 聚合物的试制批 B1 和使用 RESOMER® RG 752 H Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) 75:25 聚合物的试制批 B2 的释放结果令人满意。因此，根据研究结果，选择 RESOMER® RG 502 H Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) 50:50 和 RESOMER® RG 752 H Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) 75:25 进行聚合物浓度和配方优化研究。制剂在不同条件下保持稳定，根据数据，制剂是稳健的，所有得出的值都令人满意。根据这些数据，我们可以得出结论：布雷克西拉唑微球长效去势制剂不会产生首过效应、生物利用度提高、血药浓度和时间波动较小、用药次数较少、无胃肠道不耐受、无创伤。
{"title":"Formulation, Design, Optimization, and Characterization of Novel Long-acting Injectable Dosage Form of Anti-Psychotic Drug","authors":"Niraj Patel, Rakesh Patel, A. Dharamsi","doi":"10.2174/0115748855270864240104094025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855270864240104094025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The current research aimed to create and analyze a new long-acting Brexpiprazole\u0000(BRX) injectable for successful anti-psychotic drug therapy in order to decrease dosage\u0000frequency and increase patient compliance. Systems for drug transport to particular body sites or\u0000regulating release rates with accuracy are known as drug delivery systems (DDS). By affixing the\u0000drug to a carrier particle like liposomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, etc., which modifies the drug's\u0000absorption and release properties, using carrier technology, drugs may be delivered in an intelligent\u0000manner.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Utilizing Resomer RG 502 H and RESOMER® RG 752 H extended-release Polymer, Using\u0000a quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion, microspheres were made, and emulsification and solvent\u0000evaporation process.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The produced microspheres were assessed for stability tests, in vitro drug release, flow characteristics,\u0000and drug entrapment efficiency. FTIR experiments were used to establish how well the\u0000drug excipients worked together. The acarbose microspheres that were created had an 89.9 to 96.1\u0000percent drug entrapment efficiency. The impact of factors like polymer content on medication release\u0000was studied. The Stability study of the formulation was carried out under different conditions, and\u0000data were established. Comparative pharmacokinetic studies between marketed oral formulation and\u0000Brexpirazole microsphere test formulations in Wistar/SD Rats were carried out and concluded.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Brexpiprazole (BRX) novel long-acting injectable formulation, could be used effectively\u0000for the treatment of mentally challenged anti-psychotic patients worldwide.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The acarbose microspheres that were created had an 89.9 to 96.1 percent drug entrapment efficiency. The impact of factors like polymer content on medication release was studied. The Stability study of the formulation was carried out under different conditions and data were established. Comparative pharmacokinetic studies between marketed oral formulation and Brexpirazole microsphere test formulations in Wistar/SD Rats were carried out and concluded.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Based on Literature data and drug excipients compatibility polymers were selected for manufacturing of extended release brexpiprazole microsphere Formulation. Preliminary formulation trial batches were taken with different polymers and studied for Drug Entrapment Efficiency and In Vitro release of drugs. Drug entrapment efficiency data of all the formulations are found satisfactory. In vitro, release results are compared with each formulation and based on the data, trial batch B1 with RESOMER® RG 502 H Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) 50:50 polymer and trial batch B2 with RESOMER® RG 752 H Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) 75:25 polymer have satisfactory results. So based on the study RESOMER® RG 502 H Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) 50:50 and RESOMER® RG 752 H Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) 75:25 were selected for Polymer Concentration and Formulation optimization study. The formulation is kept in the stabi","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139533200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.2174/0115748855260576231116145448
Pravin Kumar, Ritik Chaudhary, M. Ashawat
Background: Over 10 million people worldwide are affected by the chronic neurodegenerative condition of Parkinson's disease. Dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra area of the brain are gradually lost as a result. Herbal medicine, which have its roots in ancient cultures, uses medicinal herbs to treat illnesses and advance general health. There is considerable interest in researching the possibilities of herbal medicine for treating neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease because they are thought to be safer than synthetic medications. Objective: The objective of this article is to investigate the potential of herbal medications as a treatment option for Parkinsonism, and to provide a clear understanding of the current state of research on this topic. Conclusion: This review focuses on herbal treatments and components that have demonstrated promise in Parkinson's disease in vitro and animal models. This information can be used to identify prospective traditional medicine prescription therapies. New therapeutic treatments for Parkinson's disease may result from further study of pharmaceutical components with well-established therapeutic potential.
{"title":"Exploring the Efficacy of Herbal Medications in the Treatment of Parkinsonism:\u0000A Mini Review","authors":"Pravin Kumar, Ritik Chaudhary, M. Ashawat","doi":"10.2174/0115748855260576231116145448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855260576231116145448","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Background: Over 10 million people worldwide are affected by the chronic neurodegenerative\u0000condition of Parkinson's disease. Dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra area of the\u0000brain are gradually lost as a result. Herbal medicine, which have its roots in ancient cultures, uses\u0000medicinal herbs to treat illnesses and advance general health. There is considerable interest in researching\u0000the possibilities of herbal medicine for treating neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's\u0000disease because they are thought to be safer than synthetic medications.\u0000Objective: The objective of this article is to investigate the potential of herbal medications as a treatment\u0000option for Parkinsonism, and to provide a clear understanding of the current state of research\u0000on this topic.\u0000Conclusion: This review focuses on herbal treatments and components that have demonstrated promise\u0000in Parkinson's disease in vitro and animal models. This information can be used to identify prospective\u0000traditional medicine prescription therapies. New therapeutic treatments for Parkinson's disease\u0000may result from further study of pharmaceutical components with well-established therapeutic\u0000potential.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139532966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.2174/0115748855275769231114094037
D. Chanchal, Prateek Porwal, Nidhi Mittal
Epigenetic changes are important for controlling how genes are expressed and how cells work, and their misregulation has been linked to many diseases, including cancer. Targeting epigenetic modifiers has become a promising way to treat cancer, and it may also be useful outside of oncology. This review article goes into detail about the rapidly changing field of epigenetic-based therapies, with a focus on how they are used to treat cancer. We discuss in-depth the main epigenetic changes seen in cancer, such as DNA methylation, changes to histones, and dysregulation of noncoding RNA, as well as their roles in tumour growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. Epigenetic drugs and small molecule inhibitors that target epigenetic enzymes and reader proteins have shown a lot of promise in both preclinical and clinical studies on different types of cancer. We show the most recent evidence that these epigenetic therapies work and look into how they might be used in combination with other treatments. We talk about new research into the therapeutic potential of epigenetic modifiers in diseases other than cancer, such as neurological disorders, autoimmune diseases, and heart conditions. Even though there is a lot of potential for therapy, there are still problems, such as side effects and differences between patients. We talk about the work that is still being done to get around these problems and explain new ways to deliver epigenetic-based interventions that are more precise and effective. For epigenetic-based therapies to be used in clinical settings, it is important to understand how they work and how they interact with other types of treatment. As the field moves forward, we try to figure out where it is going and what it means to target epigenetic modifiers in cancer therapy and other areas of disease. This review looks at the role of epigenetic modulation in shaping the landscape of precision medicine and its possible effects on human health from a broad and forward-looking point of view.
表观遗传变化对于控制基因的表达方式和细胞的工作方式非常重要，它们的失调与包括癌症在内的许多疾病有关。靶向表观遗传修饰因子已成为治疗癌症的一种很有前景的方法，而且在肿瘤学之外也可能有用。这篇综述文章详细介绍了瞬息万变的表观遗传疗法领域，重点是如何利用这些疗法治疗癌症。我们深入讨论了癌症中出现的主要表观遗传变化，如 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白变化和非编码核糖核酸调控失调，以及它们在肿瘤生长、转移和耐药性中的作用。针对表观遗传酶和读取蛋白的表观遗传药物和小分子抑制剂在不同类型癌症的临床前和临床研究中都显示出了广阔的前景。我们将展示这些表观遗传疗法有效的最新证据，并探讨如何将它们与其他疗法结合使用。我们还讨论了表观遗传修饰剂在癌症以外的其他疾病（如神经系统疾病、自身免疫性疾病和心脏病）中的治疗潜力的新研究。尽管治疗潜力巨大，但仍存在一些问题，如副作用和患者之间的差异。我们将讨论为解决这些问题仍在进行的工作，并解释提供更精确、更有效的表观遗传干预的新方法。要想在临床环境中使用基于表观遗传的疗法，就必须了解这些疗法是如何起作用的，以及它们与其他类型的治疗是如何相互作用的。随着这一领域的发展，我们试图弄清其发展方向，以及针对癌症治疗和其他疾病领域的表观遗传修饰物意味着什么。这篇综述从广阔而前瞻性的视角审视了表观遗传修饰在塑造精准医疗格局中的作用及其对人类健康可能产生的影响。
{"title":"Targeting Epigenetic Modifiers: Promising Strategies for Cancer Therapy\u0000and Beyond","authors":"D. Chanchal, Prateek Porwal, Nidhi Mittal","doi":"10.2174/0115748855275769231114094037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855275769231114094037","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Epigenetic changes are important for controlling how genes are expressed and how cells\u0000work, and their misregulation has been linked to many diseases, including cancer. Targeting epigenetic\u0000modifiers has become a promising way to treat cancer, and it may also be useful outside of\u0000oncology. This review article goes into detail about the rapidly changing field of epigenetic-based\u0000therapies, with a focus on how they are used to treat cancer. We discuss in-depth the main epigenetic\u0000changes seen in cancer, such as DNA methylation, changes to histones, and dysregulation of noncoding\u0000RNA, as well as their roles in tumour growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. Epigenetic\u0000drugs and small molecule inhibitors that target epigenetic enzymes and reader proteins have shown a\u0000lot of promise in both preclinical and clinical studies on different types of cancer. We show the most\u0000recent evidence that these epigenetic therapies work and look into how they might be used in combination\u0000with other treatments. We talk about new research into the therapeutic potential of epigenetic\u0000modifiers in diseases other than cancer, such as neurological disorders, autoimmune diseases, and\u0000heart conditions. Even though there is a lot of potential for therapy, there are still problems, such as\u0000side effects and differences between patients. We talk about the work that is still being done to get\u0000around these problems and explain new ways to deliver epigenetic-based interventions that are more\u0000precise and effective. For epigenetic-based therapies to be used in clinical settings, it is important to\u0000understand how they work and how they interact with other types of treatment. As the field moves\u0000forward, we try to figure out where it is going and what it means to target epigenetic modifiers in\u0000cancer therapy and other areas of disease. This review looks at the role of epigenetic modulation in\u0000shaping the landscape of precision medicine and its possible effects on human health from a broad\u0000and forward-looking point of view.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139623674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.2174/0115748855274579240103042126
P. Dangre, Kunal Kotkar, Awadhut Pimple, Satish Meshram
Inulin (IN) is a prebiotic oligosaccharide reported in diverse sources of nature. The major sources encompass chicory, Jerusalem artichoke, onions, barley, garlic, rye, and wheat. The literature also reported its promising biological activities, e.g., antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, immuneregulator and prebiotic for improving intestinal function, regulation of blood lipids, and so on. IN’s molecular flexibility, stabilization, and drug-targeting potential make it a unique polymer in pharmaceutical sciences and biomedical engineering. Further, its nutritional value and diagnostic application also widen its scope in food and medical sciences. The hydroxyl groups present in its structure offer chemical modifications, which could benefit advanced drug delivery such as controlled and sustained drug delivery, enhancement of bioavailability, cellular uptake, etc. This work reviews the isolation and purification of IN. The study also provides glimpses of the chemistry, chemical modification, and applications in pharmaceutical sciences and drug delivery.
菊粉（IN）是一种益生元寡糖，在自然界的各种来源中都有报道。主要来源包括菊苣、菊芋、洋葱、大麦、大蒜、黑麦和小麦。文献还报道了它具有良好的生物活性，如抗糖尿病、抗癌、抗氧化、免疫调节和改善肠道功能、调节血脂等。IN 的分子柔韧性、稳定性和药物靶向潜力使其成为制药科学和生物医学工程领域独一无二的聚合物。此外，它的营养价值和诊断应用也拓宽了其在食品和医学领域的应用范围。其结构中的羟基可提供化学修饰，有利于先进的给药方式，如控制和持续给药、提高生物利用度和细胞吸收等。本研究综述了 IN 的分离和纯化。本研究还介绍了 IN 的化学性质、化学修饰以及在制药科学和给药方面的应用。
{"title":"Chemistry, Isolation, and Pharmaceutical Applications of Inulin","authors":"P. Dangre, Kunal Kotkar, Awadhut Pimple, Satish Meshram","doi":"10.2174/0115748855274579240103042126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855274579240103042126","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Inulin (IN) is a prebiotic oligosaccharide reported in diverse sources of nature. The major\u0000sources encompass chicory, Jerusalem artichoke, onions, barley, garlic, rye, and wheat. The literature\u0000also reported its promising biological activities, e.g., antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, immuneregulator\u0000and prebiotic for improving intestinal function, regulation of blood lipids, and so on. IN’s\u0000molecular flexibility, stabilization, and drug-targeting potential make it a unique polymer in pharmaceutical\u0000sciences and biomedical engineering. Further, its nutritional value and diagnostic application\u0000also widen its scope in food and medical sciences. The hydroxyl groups present in its structure offer\u0000chemical modifications, which could benefit advanced drug delivery such as controlled and sustained\u0000drug delivery, enhancement of bioavailability, cellular uptake, etc. This work reviews the isolation\u0000and purification of IN. The study also provides glimpses of the chemistry, chemical modification, and\u0000applications in pharmaceutical sciences and drug delivery.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.2174/0115748855268042231130041958
M. Sharma, G. V. N. Kumar, Pankaj Gupta
Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder, characterized by abnormal, unpredictable, and recurrent seizures. In the alternative medicine system, Artemisia vulgaris has been used to treat epileptic symptoms since its inception. However, scientific evidence concerning its effect on the treatment of epileptic seizures is not available. The objective of the study is to evaluate the anti-convulsant potential of Artemisia vulgaris in zebrafish experimental models. Zebrafish larvae and adult zebrafish were used as experimental models. Briefly, larvae and adult zebrafish were exposed to 0.5% of the test medicine Artemisia vulgaris mother tincture (ϕ) and its potencies (6CH, 30CH), and valproic acid for 1 hour. After 1 hour of exposure, they were exposed to pentylenetetrazole to record different seizure scores from 1 to 5 using ANY maze video tracking software. Artemisia vulgaris 30CH in zebrafish larvae and Artemisia vulgaris 6CH and 30CH in adult zebrafish delayed the latency score from score 1 to score 5 and were found effective against PTZinduced locomotor activity and seizure duration and intensity. In conclusion, Artemisia vulgaris (6CH and 30CH) has the potential to be a novel treatment for symptomatic epileptic seizures and could be a potential alternative drug candidate for symptomatic treatment of epilepsy.
{"title":"Pharmacological Investigation of Anticonvulsant Effect of Artemisia\u0000Vulgaris on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Epileptic Seizures in Zebrafish\u0000Experimental Model","authors":"M. Sharma, G. V. N. Kumar, Pankaj Gupta","doi":"10.2174/0115748855268042231130041958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855268042231130041958","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder, characterized by abnormal,\u0000unpredictable, and recurrent seizures. In the alternative medicine system, Artemisia vulgaris has\u0000been used to treat epileptic symptoms since its inception. However, scientific evidence concerning\u0000its effect on the treatment of epileptic seizures is not available.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The objective of the study is to evaluate the anti-convulsant potential of Artemisia vulgaris\u0000in zebrafish experimental models.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Zebrafish larvae and adult zebrafish were used as experimental models. Briefly, larvae and\u0000adult zebrafish were exposed to 0.5% of the test medicine Artemisia vulgaris mother tincture (ϕ) and\u0000its potencies (6CH, 30CH), and valproic acid for 1 hour. After 1 hour of exposure, they were exposed\u0000to pentylenetetrazole to record different seizure scores from 1 to 5 using ANY maze video tracking\u0000software.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Artemisia vulgaris 30CH in zebrafish larvae and Artemisia vulgaris 6CH and 30CH in adult\u0000zebrafish delayed the latency score from score 1 to score 5 and were found effective against PTZinduced\u0000locomotor activity and seizure duration and intensity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In conclusion, Artemisia vulgaris (6CH and 30CH) has the potential to be a novel treatment\u0000for symptomatic epileptic seizures and could be a potential alternative drug candidate for symptomatic\u0000treatment of epilepsy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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