Pub Date : 2019-01-03DOI: 10.19080/ctbeb.2019.17.555966
Atia Atiq
In radiation therapy, it is essential to calculate the dosimetric quantities such as Percentage Depth Dose (PDD), Tissue Air Ratio (TAR), and Tissue Maximum Ratio (TMR). The basic depth dose data was determined by dosimetric measurements taken in dummy patients (phantoms), which have density nearly equal to human body tissues, with ionization chamber placed in them [1]. A system for absorbed dose calculations has been developed to foresee the depth dose distribution in patients going to be treated. The radiation dose deposited by ionizing radiations within the patient or medium varies with the varying depth. This variation is due to different parameters like depth, beam energy, field size, Source to Surface Distance (SSD). While calculating absorbed doses, greater considerations must be given to these parameters as they cause changes to depth dose distributions [2]. Plenty of radiotherapy units, such as linac and cobalt-60 units, accomplish the treatment of cancerous parts. To treat cancerous tissues, cobalt 60 gamma ray beam is used for more than fifty years in radiotherapy [3].
{"title":"Computational Tool for Calculation of Tissue Air Ratio and Tissue Maximum Ratio in Radiation Dosimetry","authors":"Atia Atiq","doi":"10.19080/ctbeb.2019.17.555966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ctbeb.2019.17.555966","url":null,"abstract":"In radiation therapy, it is essential to calculate the dosimetric quantities such as Percentage Depth Dose (PDD), Tissue Air Ratio (TAR), and Tissue Maximum Ratio (TMR). The basic depth dose data was determined by dosimetric measurements taken in dummy patients (phantoms), which have density nearly equal to human body tissues, with ionization chamber placed in them [1]. A system for absorbed dose calculations has been developed to foresee the depth dose distribution in patients going to be treated. The radiation dose deposited by ionizing radiations within the patient or medium varies with the varying depth. This variation is due to different parameters like depth, beam energy, field size, Source to Surface Distance (SSD). While calculating absorbed doses, greater considerations must be given to these parameters as they cause changes to depth dose distributions [2]. Plenty of radiotherapy units, such as linac and cobalt-60 units, accomplish the treatment of cancerous parts. To treat cancerous tissues, cobalt 60 gamma ray beam is used for more than fifty years in radiotherapy [3].","PeriodicalId":11007,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences","volume":"429 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76664455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-18DOI: 10.19080/CTBEB.2019.17.555967
Mohammad Sarwar Mir
Introduction : Stress is an inevitable part of medical education and is especially common in Resident medical scholars. Objective: To study causes of stress among Resident medical students. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried in May 2015. A 140 male resident scholars were included and gave consent. A predesigned, semi structured questionnaire was used. Result: Analysis shows that 71.4% of the respondents experienced stress. Being way from the family, large syllabus, and lack of time to revise were the major causes of stress among the students. Conclusion: A good proportion of resident medical students were found to be stressed, with academic stressors being the major cause of stress among the subjects.
{"title":"Study on Stress among Male Resident Medical Students: A Cause of Concern","authors":"Mohammad Sarwar Mir","doi":"10.19080/CTBEB.2019.17.555967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/CTBEB.2019.17.555967","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : Stress is an inevitable part of medical education and is especially common in Resident medical scholars. Objective: To study causes of stress among Resident medical students. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried in May 2015. A 140 male resident scholars were included and gave consent. A predesigned, semi structured questionnaire was used. Result: Analysis shows that 71.4% of the respondents experienced stress. Being way from the family, large syllabus, and lack of time to revise were the major causes of stress among the students. Conclusion: A good proportion of resident medical students were found to be stressed, with academic stressors being the major cause of stress among the subjects.","PeriodicalId":11007,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90703911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-17DOI: 10.19080/ctbeb.2018.17.555965
Y. Yeh
Raman spectroscopy is an optical spectroscopic technique that is commonly used to identify the vibrational modes of a substance. However, the efficiency of exciting Raman scattering is very weak—approximately 1 out of 106 phonons are absorbed and emitted through Raman scattering. This weak efficiency dramatically limits the signal intensity of Raman spectroscopy. Studies have shown that metal nanoparticles can dramatically enhance Raman scattering via a nanoparticles-based localized plasmon resonance (LSPR). This enhancement of the Raman signal enables detection down to the single molecule level (~picomolar) [1,2]. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a technique which induces local surface plasmons at the vicinity of a metal or dielectric material by laser excitation to enhance the Raman signal. This surface-based detection technique can enhance the Raman signal up to 1010 by molecular adsorption on a rough metal surface and makes single biomolecular detection possible if the target molecule is near the metal surface [3,4]. When detecting viruses there are two conventional approaches to bringing the target virus close to the rough metal, one is through antibody-conjugated nanoparticles, and the other is through surface engineered metal nanostructures. In the following, we will focus on reviewing SERS based detection for different infectious diseases.
{"title":"Detection of the Viral Infectious Diseases in Blood by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Mini Review","authors":"Y. Yeh","doi":"10.19080/ctbeb.2018.17.555965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ctbeb.2018.17.555965","url":null,"abstract":"Raman spectroscopy is an optical spectroscopic technique that is commonly used to identify the vibrational modes of a substance. However, the efficiency of exciting Raman scattering is very weak—approximately 1 out of 106 phonons are absorbed and emitted through Raman scattering. This weak efficiency dramatically limits the signal intensity of Raman spectroscopy. Studies have shown that metal nanoparticles can dramatically enhance Raman scattering via a nanoparticles-based localized plasmon resonance (LSPR). This enhancement of the Raman signal enables detection down to the single molecule level (~picomolar) [1,2]. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a technique which induces local surface plasmons at the vicinity of a metal or dielectric material by laser excitation to enhance the Raman signal. This surface-based detection technique can enhance the Raman signal up to 1010 by molecular adsorption on a rough metal surface and makes single biomolecular detection possible if the target molecule is near the metal surface [3,4]. When detecting viruses there are two conventional approaches to bringing the target virus close to the rough metal, one is through antibody-conjugated nanoparticles, and the other is through surface engineered metal nanostructures. In the following, we will focus on reviewing SERS based detection for different infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":11007,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86936280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-17DOI: 10.19080/ctbeb.2018.17.555964
S. Mandal
{"title":"Can Bacteriocins Curb the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria in the Globe?","authors":"S. Mandal","doi":"10.19080/ctbeb.2018.17.555964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ctbeb.2018.17.555964","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11007,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80371672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-13DOI: 10.19080/CTBEB.2019.17.555968
Mohammad Sarwar Mir
Introduction Self-medication results in wastage of resources, increases resistance of pathogens and generally causes serious health hazards such as adverse drug reactions, prolonged suffering and drug dependence. Method A cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted. The participants were medical students from first to final year. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 2.0. Results A total of 100 students, 61 (61.00%) male and 39 (39.00%) female were included in the study. Of the medical students surveyed, self-medication was reported among 88%. The most common ailments for which self-medication were used were: the common cold and headache. The students consulted their textbooks and peers for the medications. Antipyretics and analgesics were the most common self‐ medicated drugs. Conclusions the prevalence of self‐medication among medical students is high, facilitated by the easy availability of drugs and information from textbooks or seniors. The potential problems of self‐medication should be emphasized to the students.
{"title":"Self‐Medication Patterns among Medical Students in North India","authors":"Mohammad Sarwar Mir","doi":"10.19080/CTBEB.2019.17.555968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/CTBEB.2019.17.555968","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Self-medication results in wastage of resources, increases resistance of pathogens and generally causes serious health hazards such as adverse drug reactions, prolonged suffering and drug dependence. Method A cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted. The participants were medical students from first to final year. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 2.0. Results A total of 100 students, 61 (61.00%) male and 39 (39.00%) female were included in the study. Of the medical students surveyed, self-medication was reported among 88%. The most common ailments for which self-medication were used were: the common cold and headache. The students consulted their textbooks and peers for the medications. Antipyretics and analgesics were the most common self‐ medicated drugs. Conclusions the prevalence of self‐medication among medical students is high, facilitated by the easy availability of drugs and information from textbooks or seniors. The potential problems of self‐medication should be emphasized to the students.","PeriodicalId":11007,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77316895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-11DOI: 10.19080/ctbeb.2018.17.555963
Khadiga Ahmed Ismail
{"title":"Role of Stem Cells in Treatment of Acanthamoebic Corneal Ulcer","authors":"Khadiga Ahmed Ismail","doi":"10.19080/ctbeb.2018.17.555963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ctbeb.2018.17.555963","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11007,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90165101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-10DOI: 10.19080/ctbeb.2019.18.555996
U. Iqbal
Maintained by the Anti-Drug Task Force from the National Security Council, Prime Minister’s Department, this book is provided as a resource for identifying and understanding the drug problem in depth. It explains the aspects of the problem of drug problems, types and ways of detecting drugs, the effects and consequences of drug addiction, how to identify drug addicts, drug addiction problems, mistakes and penalties, how to get help and community involvement in drug prevention. The first chapter explains the problem of drug problems faced by the country, from the start of the drug being introduced to Malaysia to the widespread spread of drugs, from the use of opiates to heroin, from the old society to the young. Chapter Two introduces readers to various types of drugs and hazards including drug designer drugs derived from artificial chemicals, which are no less harmful than opiate drugs. Chapter Three affects drug use on addicts, consequences to self, society and nation. This chapter provides guidance on how to identify and identify individuals taking drugs. Chapter Four presents the steps taken by the Government to control drug problems. It covers Malaysia’s overall policy and strategy from prevention, recovery to international strategies. This chapter emphasizes that Government’s efforts alone will not be effective in combating drug problems. It requires total commitment from all parties.
{"title":"Book Review ‘Dadah: Apa Anda Perlu Tahu’ (Malay Version)","authors":"U. Iqbal","doi":"10.19080/ctbeb.2019.18.555996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ctbeb.2019.18.555996","url":null,"abstract":"Maintained by the Anti-Drug Task Force from the National Security Council, Prime Minister’s Department, this book is provided as a resource for identifying and understanding the drug problem in depth. It explains the aspects of the problem of drug problems, types and ways of detecting drugs, the effects and consequences of drug addiction, how to identify drug addicts, drug addiction problems, mistakes and penalties, how to get help and community involvement in drug prevention. The first chapter explains the problem of drug problems faced by the country, from the start of the drug being introduced to Malaysia to the widespread spread of drugs, from the use of opiates to heroin, from the old society to the young. Chapter Two introduces readers to various types of drugs and hazards including drug designer drugs derived from artificial chemicals, which are no less harmful than opiate drugs. Chapter Three affects drug use on addicts, consequences to self, society and nation. This chapter provides guidance on how to identify and identify individuals taking drugs. Chapter Four presents the steps taken by the Government to control drug problems. It covers Malaysia’s overall policy and strategy from prevention, recovery to international strategies. This chapter emphasizes that Government’s efforts alone will not be effective in combating drug problems. It requires total commitment from all parties.","PeriodicalId":11007,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73514362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.19080/ctbeb.2018.17.555962
Diaz-Martinez Emmanuel
Regenerative medicine, an emerging area of health, is currently being explored in depth and could have a tremendous impact on improving the quality of life of the world’s population. The study of molecular mechanisms of Stem Cells has evidenced its regenerative properties, at the same time, the maturation of the precise gene-editing technology (CRISPR/Cas9), has made it possible to manipulate key regenerative properties such as self-renewal and the controlled release of trophic factors, allowing to improve the natural regenerative process in situ, among mammalian organisms.
{"title":"Directing Regenerative Medicine through Precise Gene-editing Technology","authors":"Diaz-Martinez Emmanuel","doi":"10.19080/ctbeb.2018.17.555962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ctbeb.2018.17.555962","url":null,"abstract":"Regenerative medicine, an emerging area of health, is currently being explored in depth and could have a tremendous impact on improving the quality of life of the world’s population. The study of molecular mechanisms of Stem Cells has evidenced its regenerative properties, at the same time, the maturation of the precise gene-editing technology (CRISPR/Cas9), has made it possible to manipulate key regenerative properties such as self-renewal and the controlled release of trophic factors, allowing to improve the natural regenerative process in situ, among mammalian organisms.","PeriodicalId":11007,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84773773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.19080/ctbeb.2018.17.555961
C. M.
of
{"title":"When Ward Stock Impacts NCHD Productivity. Assessing the Stock Issues that Impact Interns on a daily Basis in University Hospital Limerick","authors":"C. M.","doi":"10.19080/ctbeb.2018.17.555961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ctbeb.2018.17.555961","url":null,"abstract":"of","PeriodicalId":11007,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73540417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-20DOI: 10.19080/CTBEB.2018.17.555960
Vinod Nikhra
‘The Obese-Obese World’: The obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are a global epidemic of such magnitude that the today’s health scenario can be also influence sympathetic outflow to BAT. Conclusion - Fallouts of Neurosignal Aberrancy: The obese subjects with BMI > 30 show atrophy in the frontal lobes, anterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, and thalamus. MetS affects various cognitive domains including executive functioning, processing speed, and overall intellectual functioning. There is impaired vascular reactivity, endothelial dysfunction, neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress and altered brain metabolism.
{"title":"Aberrancy in CNS Signals and other Factors Related to Altered Homeostasis, Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome","authors":"Vinod Nikhra","doi":"10.19080/CTBEB.2018.17.555960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/CTBEB.2018.17.555960","url":null,"abstract":"‘The Obese-Obese World’: The obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are a global epidemic of such magnitude that the today’s health scenario can be also influence sympathetic outflow to BAT. Conclusion - Fallouts of Neurosignal Aberrancy: The obese subjects with BMI > 30 show atrophy in the frontal lobes, anterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, and thalamus. MetS affects various cognitive domains including executive functioning, processing speed, and overall intellectual functioning. There is impaired vascular reactivity, endothelial dysfunction, neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress and altered brain metabolism.","PeriodicalId":11007,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75785284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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