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Adverse effects of topical tacrolimus compounded ophthalmic preparations.
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2025.2485139
Abdulrahman Bakather, Hind Amin, Waleed Nasif, Samir Shoughy

Purpose: The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of the key ocular side effects associated with topical tacrolimus compounded ophthalmic preparations Materials and methods: Review of literature using Pubmed database.

Results: The use of topical tacrolimus may be associated with side effects ranging from mild ocular discomfort to more server complications like loss of integrity of corneal surface, corneal ulcer and infectious keratitis. However, the use of topical tacrolimus is not associated with increased incidence of secondary glaucoma or cataract.

Conclusion: It is imperative to understand the potential side effects associated with topical tacrolimus ophthalmic preparations to optimize the treatment outcomes and guarantee patient safety. Routine ophthalmic examinations should be conducted to detect these side effects early and address them appropriately.

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引用次数: 0
Anchusa officinalis accelerates wound healing via the improvement of transforming growth factor beta 1 expressions, antioxidant levels, and inhibition of TNF-α, IL-6.
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2025.2481145
Safwan Mahmoud Al-Adwan, Talal Salem Al-Qaisi, Ahmed Abduljalal Jabbar, Parween Abdulsamad Ismail, Mohammed M Hussein M Raouf, Hanan Ibrahim Althagbi, Roaa A Tayeb, Bassam Ali Abed Wahab, Rawaz Rizgar Hassan, Mahmood Ameen Abdulla, Musher Ismael Saleh

Wound healing is an intricate, complicated process that needs special attention because of its related complications that may occur if not treated properly or because of therapeutic insufficiency. Common bugloss (Anchusa officinalis L.) is a deep-rooted, hairy perennial herb used in folk medicine for numerous human issues, including wound recovery. To delineate its safety and healing potentials, we investigated the acute toxicity and wound-healing effects of Anchusa officinalis L. (APEAO) aerial part extracts on excisional neck injury in rats. A uniform dorsal neck cut was formed in twenty-four albino rats, which were arbitrarily divided into 4 groups and treated daily with a topical 0.2 ml dose of the following: group A, rats received 10% tween 20; group B, rats received intrasite gel; groups C and D, rats had 250 and 500 mg/kg of APEAO, respectively. The APEAO treatment did not cause toxic damage in rats administered with up to 5 g/kg APEAO. In the wound experiment, APEAO-treated skin exhibited significantly higher deposition of tissue collagen and fibroblast cells. In contrast, inflammatory cells were significantly lower in the recovered tissues of than positve control rats. Topical application of APEAO caused positive modulation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (angiogenesis) in recovered skin, indicating elevated tissue growth and faster wound-healing action. Moreover, APEAO treatment caused a significant elevation in tissue antioxidants (Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalyze) and hydroxyproline (collagen) content, lowering Malondialdehyde levels compared to vehicle rats. Serum inflammatory chemicals (Transforming growth factor α, Interlukin-6, and Interlukin-10) were significantly modulated following APEAO application. The outcomes revealed significant tissue regeneration potentials of APEAO exhibited by its modulatory actions on several cellular processes, which could serve as scientific evidence for future investigation regarding the production of potent pharmaceuticals for faster wound contraction.

{"title":"<i>Anchusa officinalis</i> accelerates wound healing via the improvement of transforming growth factor beta 1 expressions, antioxidant levels, and inhibition of TNF-α, IL-6.","authors":"Safwan Mahmoud Al-Adwan, Talal Salem Al-Qaisi, Ahmed Abduljalal Jabbar, Parween Abdulsamad Ismail, Mohammed M Hussein M Raouf, Hanan Ibrahim Althagbi, Roaa A Tayeb, Bassam Ali Abed Wahab, Rawaz Rizgar Hassan, Mahmood Ameen Abdulla, Musher Ismael Saleh","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2481145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2025.2481145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wound healing is an intricate, complicated process that needs special attention because of its related complications that may occur if not treated properly or because of therapeutic insufficiency. Common bugloss (<i>Anchusa officinalis</i> L.) is a deep-rooted, hairy perennial herb used in folk medicine for numerous human issues, including wound recovery. To delineate its safety and healing potentials, we investigated the acute toxicity and wound-healing effects of <i>Anchusa officinalis</i> L. (APEAO) aerial part extracts on excisional neck injury in rats. A uniform dorsal neck cut was formed in twenty-four albino rats, which were arbitrarily divided into 4 groups and treated daily with a topical 0.2 ml dose of the following: group A, rats received 10% tween 20; group B, rats received intrasite gel; groups C and D, rats had 250 and 500 mg/kg of APEAO, respectively. The APEAO treatment did not cause toxic damage in rats administered with up to 5 g/kg APEAO. In the wound experiment, APEAO-treated skin exhibited significantly higher deposition of tissue collagen and fibroblast cells. In contrast, inflammatory cells were significantly lower in the recovered tissues of than positve control rats. Topical application of APEAO caused positive modulation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (angiogenesis) in recovered skin, indicating elevated tissue growth and faster wound-healing action. Moreover, APEAO treatment caused a significant elevation in tissue antioxidants (Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalyze) and hydroxyproline (collagen) content, lowering Malondialdehyde levels compared to vehicle rats. Serum inflammatory chemicals (Transforming growth factor α, Interlukin-6, and Interlukin-10) were significantly modulated following APEAO application. The outcomes revealed significant tissue regeneration potentials of APEAO exhibited by its modulatory actions on several cellular processes, which could serve as scientific evidence for future investigation regarding the production of potent pharmaceuticals for faster wound contraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Which factor have more adverse effect on ocular surface of patients treated with antiglaucoma drops; drug type, number of drugs or drug intensity?
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2025.2479832
Yesim Altay

Purpose: To examine effects of topical antiglaucoma drops on ocular surface (OS)and meibomian glands(MG) in relation to drug type, number of drugs and drug intensity.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional case study of 93 patients with glaucoma treated with topical anti-glaucoma drugs for more than 1 year. According to drug type we formed two groups; Group 1: Prostaglandin containing drops(monotherapy and combination therapy), Group 2:Non -PGA therapy.According to drug number, we formed three groups; Group 1:One active drug compound, Group 2: Two active drug compounds, Group 3:Three or more active drug compounds.We formed 2 groups accrding to drug intensity index (DII); Group 1: DII was < 50, Group 2: DII ≥ 50.Conjonctival hyperemia, ocular surface staining, tear break-up time (TBUT), and eyelid signs representing meibomian gland disease (eyelid vascularity, irregularity, nature of meibum and the Marx line score) have been compared between groups.

Results: Prostaglandin containing drops group showed significantly worse results in comparison of TBUT, conjonctival hyperemia, ocular surface staining, lid margin vascularity, meibum quality, and Marx line score.Çonjonctival hyperemia, and lid margin vascularity were observed to be significantly higher in those using eye drops containing two or more active compounds.When the DII is increased only lid margin irregularity, and meibum quality are getting worse, significantly.

Conclusion: Our results showed that the main factor contrubuting to OSD and MGD were prostaglandin analog therapy as a drug type. Management of ocular surface disease in glaucomatous patients is important when trying to reduce further ocular morbidity.

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引用次数: 0
The retinal damage and dazzling effects of three-primary color lasers and their synthetic white laser on rabbit eyes.
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2025.2455159
Qiong Ma, Tianchi Xu, Bo Ni, Changke Wang, Hongxiang Kang

Purpose: With the increasing use of diode lasers emitting in the visible light spectrum, concerns about their potential to dazzle and cause eye damage have grown. This study aims to determine the maximum safe exposure levels and evaluate the retinal damage and dazzling effects caused by red, green, blue, and synthetic white lasers.

Materials and methods: A chinchilla grey rabbit model was used for experimentation. Lasers with wavelengths of 635 nm (red), 520 nm (green), and 456 nm (blue), along with their combined output as synthetic white light, were directed at the rabbits' eyes for 0.2 s. Retinal damage was assessed using a fundus camera at 1 h and 24 h post-irradiation. Histological analysis was conducted to evaluate tissue changes. The dazzling effect was measured by recording the b-wave recovery time in the electroretinogram 0.1 s after laser exposure.

Results: The maximum safe power density levels for red, green, blue, and synthetic white lasers were found to be 140, 60, 35, and 55 mJ/cm2, respectively. Exposures exceeding these thresholds resulted in visible retinal damage, including white-coagulated spots, hemorrhages, and corresponding histopathological changes. At an exposure level of 12.0 mJ/cm2, the b-wave recovery times for green, blue, and synthetic white light were 9.0, 8.0, and 7.8 s, respectively, while no dazzling effect was observed with the red laser.

Conclusions: The synthetic white light laser exhibited slightly inferior safety compared to the green laser but was significantly safer than the blue laser, with fewer dazzling effects. These findings provide valuable insights for the safe use of visible light lasers.

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引用次数: 0
Effect of elamipretide and methylprednisolone treatment on optic nerve, retina and brain damage in a methanol poisoning model: biochemical and histopathological evaluation. 乙胺嘧啶和甲基强的松龙治疗对甲醇中毒模型视神经、视网膜和脑损伤的影响:生化和组织病理学评估。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2430241
Ozlem Bulbul, Renad Mammadov, Bahadır Suleyman, Ali Kulaber, Yunus Karaca, Huseyin Yaman, Engin Yenilmez, Aynur Sahin, Vildan Ozer

Purpose: This study aimed to biochemically and histopathologically evaluate the protective and therapeutic effects of elamipretide and methylprednisolone on methanol poisoning-induced brain, optic nerve, and retinal toxicity.

Method: In this study, 40 male Wistar Albino rats were divided into six groups: healthy control (HC), methotrexate (MTX, 0.3 mg/kg/d for 7 d), methotrexate + methanol (MTX-M, 0.3 mg/kg/d for 7 d + methanol 3 g/kg on Day 8), methotrexate + methanol + methylprednisolone (MTX-M-MPZ, 0.3 mg/kg/d for 7 d + methanol 3 g/kg on Day 8 + MPZ 1 mg/kg/d for 3 d), methotrexate + methanol + elamipretide (MTX-M-E, 0.3 mg/kg/d for 7 d + methanol 3 g/kg on Day 8 + elamipretide 5 mg/kg/d for 3 d), and methotrexate + methanol + methylprednisolone + elamipretide (MTX-M-MPZ-E, 0.3 mg/kg/d for 7 d + methanol 3 g/kg on Day 8 + MPZ 1 mg/kg/d + Elamipretide 5 mg/kg/d for 3 d). The rats were euthanized 8 h after the last drug administration. Histopathological and biochemical evaluations were performed on serum, caudatoputamen, and ocular tissues. Retinal degeneration was assessed using a scoring system where higher scores indicate less degeneration, with a score of 5 representing normal structure and 1 reflecting severe degeneration.

Results: In the MTX-M-MPZ-E group, the retinal degeneration score was higher than in MTX-M group (p = 0.002). The apoptosis index in the retina was highest in MTX-M group, while it was lower in MTX-M-MPZ-E group compared to MTX-M group (p = 0.018). In addition, the apoptosis index in the caudatoputamen was lower in MTX-M-MPZ-E group compared to MTX-M group (p = 0.009).

Conclusion: Combined elamipretide and methylprednisolone treatment improved optic nerve and retinal degeneration, reduced neuronal degeneration in the caudatoputamen, decreased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and reduced apoptosis in the retina and caudatoputamen.

目的:本研究旨在从生化和组织病理学角度评估艾拉米雷特和甲基强的松龙对甲醇中毒所致脑、视神经和视网膜毒性的保护和治疗作用:本研究将 40 只雄性 Wistar Albino 大鼠分为 6 组:健康对照组(HC)、甲氨蝶呤组(MTX,0.3 mg/kg/d,7 d)、甲氨蝶呤+甲醇组(MTX-M,0.3 mg/kg/d, 7 d + 第 8 天甲醇 3 g/kg), 甲氨蝶呤 + 甲醇 + 甲基强的松龙(MTX-M-MPZ, 0.3 mg/kg/d, 7 d + 第 8 天甲醇 3 g/kg + MPZ 1 mg/kg/d, 3 d), 甲氨蝶呤 + 甲醇 + 艾拉米格雷(MTX-M-E, 0.3毫克/千克/天,持续7天+第8天甲醇3克/千克+艾拉米布雷特5毫克/千克/天,持续3天),以及甲氨蝶呤+甲醇+甲基强的松龙+艾拉米布雷特(MTX-M-MPZ-E,0.3毫克/千克/天,持续7天+第8天甲醇3克/千克+MPZ 1毫克/千克/天+艾拉米布雷特5毫克/千克/天,持续3天)。大鼠在最后一次给药后 8 小时安乐死。对血清、尾状核和眼组织进行组织病理学和生物化学评估。视网膜变性采用评分法进行评估,分数越高,变性程度越轻,5 分代表结构正常,1 分代表变性严重:结果:MTX-M-MPZ-E 组视网膜变性评分高于 MTX-M 组(P = 0.002)。MTX-M组视网膜凋亡指数最高,而MTX-M-MPZ-E组低于MTX-M组(p = 0.018)。此外,与 MTX-M 组相比,MTX-M-MPZ-E 组尾状突触的凋亡指数较低(p = 0.009):埃拉米雷特和甲基强的松龙联合治疗可改善视神经和视网膜变性,减少尾状突起神经元变性,降低氧化应激和脂质过氧化,减少视网膜和尾状突起的细胞凋亡。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of changes in thickness of macular sublayers in patients using Hydroxychloroquine: a cross sectional case-control study and literature review. 评价使用羟氯喹患者黄斑亚层厚度的变化:横断面病例对照研究和文献综述。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2438629
Mohsen Farvardin, Payam Peiravian, Mahdi Ravankhah, M Hossein Nowroozzadeh

Purpose: To assess changes in the thickness of macular sublayers in individuals taking hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) without any evident toxicity and to review the relevant literature.

Methods: This prospective case-control study examined 47 adults on HCQ without evident toxicity on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and visual field tests, as well as 25 healthy controls. Macular thickness in different sublayers was measured using SD-OCT. The thickness of combination layers and the variability of sublayers were also recorded. Data were compared between the case and control groups, and the correlation between cumulative HCQ use and outcome measures was analysed.

Results: The average age of participants in the case and control groups was 45.6 ± 9.3 and 46.8 ± 11.7 years, respectively (p = 0.831). The percentage of female participants was 91.5% in the case group and 84.0% in the control group (p = 0.927). In the case group, the average duration of HCQ use was 5.1 ± 5.2 years, with a mean cumulative dose of 301 ± 365 g. No significant differences were found in the visual field mean deviation or pattern standard deviation between patients with HCQ use of <5-years vs. ≥5-years. Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences in various retinal thickness measurements between the case and control groups. However, a significant association was observed between the cumulative dose of HCQ and the thickness of the outer retinal layer (ORL) in both the outer (r = 0.344; p = 0.032) and inner Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) macular rings (r = 0.303; p = 0.061).

Conclusions: No significant difference in macular sublayer thickness was found between patients taking HCQ without evident toxicity and the control group. A weak direct association was observed between the cumulative dose of HCQ and the ORL thickness. These findings suggest that analysing macular sublayer thickness may not be useful in detecting the earliest signs of presumed HCQ toxicity in individuals without classical sign of toxicity on qualitative SD-OCT or visual field test.

目的:评价无明显毒性的羟氯喹(hydroxychloroquine, HCQ)对黄斑亚层厚度的影响,并复习相关文献。方法:本前瞻性病例对照研究对47名未见明显毒性的成人进行了HCQ光谱域光学相干断层扫描(SD-OCT)和视野测试,并对25名健康对照进行了研究。采用SD-OCT测量不同亚层的黄斑厚度。同时记录了组合层的厚度和子层的变异性。比较病例组和对照组之间的数据,并分析累积使用HCQ与结果测量之间的相关性。结果:病例组和对照组的平均年龄分别为45.6±9.3岁和46.8±11.7岁(p = 0.831)。病例组女性比例为91.5%,对照组为84.0% (p = 0.927)。病例组中,HCQ的平均使用时间为5.1±5.2年,平均累积剂量为301±365 g。使用HCQ的患者视野平均偏差和模式标准差r = 0.344,差异无统计学意义;p = 0.032)和早期治疗糖尿病视网膜病变研究(ETDRS)内黄斑环(r = 0.303;p = 0.061)。结论:无明显毒性的HCQ组与对照组黄斑亚层厚度无显著差异。观察到HCQ累积剂量与ORL厚度之间存在微弱的直接关联。这些发现表明,在定性SD-OCT或视野测试中没有经典毒性体征的个体中,分析黄斑亚层厚度可能无助于检测假定的HCQ毒性的最早迹象。
{"title":"Evaluation of changes in thickness of macular sublayers in patients using Hydroxychloroquine: a cross sectional case-control study and literature review.","authors":"Mohsen Farvardin, Payam Peiravian, Mahdi Ravankhah, M Hossein Nowroozzadeh","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2438629","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2438629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess changes in the thickness of macular sublayers in individuals taking hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) without any evident toxicity and to review the relevant literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective case-control study examined 47 adults on HCQ without evident toxicity on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and visual field tests, as well as 25 healthy controls. Macular thickness in different sublayers was measured using SD-OCT. The thickness of combination layers and the variability of sublayers were also recorded. Data were compared between the case and control groups, and the correlation between cumulative HCQ use and outcome measures was analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of participants in the case and control groups was 45.6 ± 9.3 and 46.8 ± 11.7 years, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.831). The percentage of female participants was 91.5% in the case group and 84.0% in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.927). In the case group, the average duration of HCQ use was 5.1 ± 5.2 years, with a mean cumulative dose of 301 ± 365 g. No significant differences were found in the visual field mean deviation or pattern standard deviation between patients with HCQ use of <5-years vs. ≥5-years. Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences in various retinal thickness measurements between the case and control groups. However, a significant association was observed between the cumulative dose of HCQ and the thickness of the outer retinal layer (ORL) in both the outer (<i>r</i> = 0.344; <i>p</i> = 0.032) and inner Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) macular rings (<i>r</i> = 0.303; <i>p</i> = 0.061).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No significant difference in macular sublayer thickness was found between patients taking HCQ without evident toxicity and the control group. A weak direct association was observed between the cumulative dose of HCQ and the ORL thickness. These findings suggest that analysing macular sublayer thickness may not be useful in detecting the earliest signs of presumed HCQ toxicity in individuals without classical sign of toxicity on qualitative SD-OCT or visual field test.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"55-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pharmacovigilance in intraocular antiangiogenic therapy.
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2025.2475445
Marianne Levon Shahsuvaryan

Introduction/objective: Anti-VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) agents have revolutionized ophthalmotherapy and are vital for various retinal disease treatment in ophthalmic practice. Ophthalmology has witnessed an explosion in the number of intravitreal injections delivered to patients over the past years. The rising popularity of anti-VEGF drugs came along with concerns about its safety in clinical use. The aim of this focused review is to critically analyze currently available findings on systemic safety.

Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for studies published from January 2012 to February 2025. The reference lists of meta-analyses and selected studies were also reviewed. Eighty four articles of high or medium clinical relevance were selected for review. The exclusion criteria included non-English language publications, articles directly unrelated to the review topic, commentaries, conference abstracts.

Results: Systemic safety concern in intraocular pharmacotherapy by antiangiogenic agents has a strong body of clinical evidence, resulting in plenty of peer reviewed clinical articles. It is certainly becoming recognized that anti-VEGF agents, despite given intraocularly, have the potential to cause systemic adverse events, such as cardiovascular, renal, neurological.

Conclusions: Accumulating evidence obviate the need to raise medical professionals' awareness about systemic risk profile in patients with eye diseases treated by anti-VEGF, paying a special attention on patients with diabetes and older patients with multimorbidity. Early identification and prompt management of patients with undesirable systemic side effects secondary to intraocular pharmacotherapy by angiogenics can lessen disease severity, and help achieve earlier resolution.

{"title":"Pharmacovigilance in intraocular antiangiogenic therapy.","authors":"Marianne Levon Shahsuvaryan","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2475445","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2475445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objective: </strong>Anti-VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) agents have revolutionized ophthalmotherapy and are vital for various retinal disease treatment in ophthalmic practice. Ophthalmology has witnessed an explosion in the number of intravitreal injections delivered to patients over the past years. The rising popularity of anti-VEGF drugs came along with concerns about its safety in clinical use. The aim of this focused review is to critically analyze currently available findings on systemic safety.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for studies published from January 2012 to February 2025. The reference lists of meta-analyses and selected studies were also reviewed. Eighty four articles of high or medium clinical relevance were selected for review. The exclusion criteria included non-English language publications, articles directly unrelated to the review topic, commentaries, conference abstracts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Systemic safety concern in intraocular pharmacotherapy by antiangiogenic agents has a strong body of clinical evidence, resulting in plenty of peer reviewed clinical articles. It is certainly becoming recognized that anti-VEGF agents, despite given intraocularly, have the potential to cause systemic adverse events, such as cardiovascular, renal, neurological.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Accumulating evidence obviate the need to raise medical professionals' awareness about systemic risk profile in patients with eye diseases treated by anti-VEGF, paying a special attention on patients with diabetes and older patients with multimorbidity. Early identification and prompt management of patients with undesirable systemic side effects secondary to intraocular pharmacotherapy by angiogenics can lessen disease severity, and help achieve earlier resolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"118-125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Juvenile toxicity of atropine sulfate eye drops in young rats. 硫酸阿托品滴眼液对幼鼠的毒性。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2432507
Wenqiang Zhang, Wei Yang, Lu Liu, Jinlong Dai, Linyi Wang, Yuankeng Huang, Xialing Lei, Junli Lin, Fafu Zhang, Jianmin Guo

Objectives: This study was to investigate the effects of atropine sulphate eye drops (ASED)on the development of partial systems in young rats and their toxic reactions following repeated eye-drop administration over a period of 40 days.

Methods: SD rats of 20 days old were randomly assigned to control group, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04% ASED groups, with 60 females and 25 males per group. ASED was given by eye drops from PND21 onwards and normal saline was given in the control group at 10 μL/eye once a day for 40 days, in both right and left eyes. Rats of ASED groups were instilled with eye drops at the 10 μL/day per eye, from postnatal day 21 (PND21) to PND60 for 40 consecutive days. The clinical observation, body weight, food intake, physical development, physiological development, reproductive development, ophthalmic examination, intraocular pressure, and axial length of the rats were examined during the study period.

Results: ASED at concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.04%, dose levels of 0.002, 0.004, 0.008 mg/day per rat, had no toxicological effects on the clinical observation, body weight, food intake, physical development, physiological development, reproductive development, ophthalmic examination, intraocular pressure, and axial length in rats.

Conclusion: The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of ASED in young SD rats equivalent to human over 2 years old was 0.008 mg/day at a concentration of 0.4 mg/mL.

目的:本研究旨在探讨硫酸阿托品滴眼液(ASED)对幼龄大鼠部分系统发育的影响及其在40天内反复滴眼液后的毒性反应。方法:将20日龄SD大鼠随机分为对照组、0.01%、0.02和0.04% ase组,每组雌性60只,雄性25只。对照组小鼠自PND21起滴眼给药,对照组小鼠左右眼滴眼生理盐水10 μL/眼,每天1次,连用40 d。ase组大鼠从出生后第21天开始(PND21)至PND60,连续40天滴注10 μL/d /眼滴眼液。观察研究期间大鼠的临床观察、体重、摄食量、体格发育、生理发育、生殖发育、眼科检查、眼压、轴长等指标。结果:在浓度为0.01、0.02、0.04%,剂量水平为0.002、0.004、0.008 mg/d /只大鼠的情况下,对大鼠临床观察、体重、摄食量、体格发育、生理发育、生殖发育、眼科检查、眼压、轴长均无毒理学影响。结论:在0.4 mg/mL的浓度下,ASED在2岁以上幼龄SD大鼠体内的未观察到不良反应水平(NOAEL)为0.008 mg/d。
{"title":"Juvenile toxicity of atropine sulfate eye drops in young rats.","authors":"Wenqiang Zhang, Wei Yang, Lu Liu, Jinlong Dai, Linyi Wang, Yuankeng Huang, Xialing Lei, Junli Lin, Fafu Zhang, Jianmin Guo","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2432507","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2432507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was to investigate the effects of atropine sulphate eye drops (ASED)on the development of partial systems in young rats and their toxic reactions following repeated eye-drop administration over a period of 40 days.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>SD rats of 20 days old were randomly assigned to control group, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04% ASED groups, with 60 females and 25 males per group. ASED was given by eye drops from PND<sub>21</sub> onwards and normal saline was given in the control group at 10 μL/eye once a day for 40 days, in both right and left eyes. Rats of ASED groups were instilled with eye drops at the 10 μL/day per eye, from postnatal day 21 (PND<sub>21</sub>) to PND<sub>60</sub> for 40 consecutive days. The clinical observation, body weight, food intake, physical development, physiological development, reproductive development, ophthalmic examination, intraocular pressure, and axial length of the rats were examined during the study period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ASED at concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.04%, dose levels of 0.002, 0.004, 0.008 mg/day per rat, had no toxicological effects on the clinical observation, body weight, food intake, physical development, physiological development, reproductive development, ophthalmic examination, intraocular pressure, and axial length in rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of ASED in young SD rats equivalent to human over 2 years old was 0.008 mg/day at a concentration of 0.4 mg/mL.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Applications of heavy metal-based nanoparticles in cosmetics: a comprehensive review.
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2025.2472156
Malaika Naveed, Tariq Javed, Muhammad Danish Zawar, Uswa Shafqat, Muhammad Babar Taj, Muhammad Wasim, Maryam Batool, Muhammad Amir Zawar

The utilisation of heavy metal-based nanoparticles in cosmetic products has been steadily increasing because of their extraordinary physicochemical properties and benefits. In this thorough review, we will delve into the various types of nanoparticles, such as green nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and carbon-based nanoparticles, with a special focus on heavy metal-based nanoparticles. These heavy metal-based nanoparticles exhibit exceptional physical and mechanical properties, making them suitable materials for cosmetic and personal care products. Silver nanoparticles effectively treat acne and have strong antimicrobial properties, while gold nanoparticles have anti-ageing and anti-inflammatory properties. ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles are commonly used in sunscreens as ultraviolet (UV) filters to protect against ultraviolet-A (UVA) and ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation. Certain metals like nickel, chromium, and cobalt are major allergens, frequently causing contact dermatitis and allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Extensive use of materials such as cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic (metalloid) in cosmetics poses long-term health risks, including carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, and organ damage. The utilisation of herbal extracts containing heavy metals in cosmetics further improves the effectiveness of personal care products due to their antioxidant properties. Consumer awareness and regulatory concerns, especially among those with metal allergies, are crucial for understanding the potential risks associated with heavy metal-containing cosmetics. Looking ahead, future research efforts should concentrate on the development of safer, non-toxic, natural nanomaterials and biocompatible alternatives to heavy metal-based nanoparticles.

{"title":"Applications of heavy metal-based nanoparticles in cosmetics: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Malaika Naveed, Tariq Javed, Muhammad Danish Zawar, Uswa Shafqat, Muhammad Babar Taj, Muhammad Wasim, Maryam Batool, Muhammad Amir Zawar","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2472156","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2472156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The utilisation of heavy metal-based nanoparticles in cosmetic products has been steadily increasing because of their extraordinary physicochemical properties and benefits. In this thorough review, we will delve into the various types of nanoparticles, such as green nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and carbon-based nanoparticles, with a special focus on heavy metal-based nanoparticles. These heavy metal-based nanoparticles exhibit exceptional physical and mechanical properties, making them suitable materials for cosmetic and personal care products. Silver nanoparticles effectively treat acne and have strong antimicrobial properties, while gold nanoparticles have anti-ageing and anti-inflammatory properties. ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles are commonly used in sunscreens as ultraviolet (UV) filters to protect against ultraviolet-A (UVA) and ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation. Certain metals like nickel, chromium, and cobalt are major allergens, frequently causing contact dermatitis and allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Extensive use of materials such as cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic (metalloid) in cosmetics poses long-term health risks, including carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, and organ damage. The utilisation of herbal extracts containing heavy metals in cosmetics further improves the effectiveness of personal care products due to their antioxidant properties. Consumer awareness and regulatory concerns, especially among those with metal allergies, are crucial for understanding the potential risks associated with heavy metal-containing cosmetics. Looking ahead, future research efforts should concentrate on the development of safer, non-toxic, natural nanomaterials and biocompatible alternatives to heavy metal-based nanoparticles.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"95-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Predictors of severity in prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy.
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2025.2475450
Meryem Altın Ekin, Gul Arıkan, Eren Yagmurlu, Ozlem Ural Fatihoglu, Ali Devebacak, Omer Kartı, Ziya Ayhan, Meltem Soylev Bajin

Objective: To determine the predictive factors for severity in prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP) using an objective grading system.

Methods: The study included patients diagnosed with glaucoma or ocular hypertension who had used a topical prostaglandin analog (PGA) unilaterally for at least three months. Clinical characteristics and PAP signs were compared based on the types of PGAs used. The severity of PAP signs was categorised according to an objective grading system. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for different grades of PAP.

Results: Among the 86 patients included in the study, 24 (27.9%) used bimatoprost, 35 (40.7%) used latanoprost, and 27 (31.4%) used travoprost. The most commonly observed feature of PAP was orbital fat atrophy (48.8%), followed by deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (38.4%), involution of dermatochalasis (32.6%), and enophthalmos (26.7%). Fifty-eight patients (67.4%) exhibited at least one periorbital change associated with PGA use. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age >60 years (p < 0.05), the use of bimatoprost (p < 0.05) and travoprost (p < 0.05), and PGA therapy duration >1 year (p < 0.05) were independent risk factors for higher grades of PAP.

Conclusion: Older age, longer duration of PGA therapy, and the use of bimatoprost and travoprost were significant and independent predictors of severe PAP in patients with glaucoma. Patients with these risk factors should be identified and managed to prevent the development of severe PAP.

{"title":"Predictors of severity in prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy.","authors":"Meryem Altın Ekin, Gul Arıkan, Eren Yagmurlu, Ozlem Ural Fatihoglu, Ali Devebacak, Omer Kartı, Ziya Ayhan, Meltem Soylev Bajin","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2475450","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2475450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the predictive factors for severity in prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP) using an objective grading system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included patients diagnosed with glaucoma or ocular hypertension who had used a topical prostaglandin analog (PGA) unilaterally for at least three months. Clinical characteristics and PAP signs were compared based on the types of PGAs used. The severity of PAP signs was categorised according to an objective grading system. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for different grades of PAP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 86 patients included in the study, 24 (27.9%) used bimatoprost, 35 (40.7%) used latanoprost, and 27 (31.4%) used travoprost. The most commonly observed feature of PAP was orbital fat atrophy (48.8%), followed by deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (38.4%), involution of dermatochalasis (32.6%), and enophthalmos (26.7%). Fifty-eight patients (67.4%) exhibited at least one periorbital change associated with PGA use. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age >60 years (<i>p</i> < 0.05), the use of bimatoprost (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and travoprost (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and PGA therapy duration >1 year (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were independent risk factors for higher grades of PAP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Older age, longer duration of PGA therapy, and the use of bimatoprost and travoprost were significant and independent predictors of severe PAP in patients with glaucoma. Patients with these risk factors should be identified and managed to prevent the development of severe PAP.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"126-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology
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