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Investigation of mercury contamination in lipstick sold in the Saudi market and the potential health risk. 关于沙特市场上销售的口红中的汞污染及其潜在健康风险的调查。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2391855
Mashael M Albugami, Ayah Buzid, Faheem Shah, Amel Y Ahmed

Background: Environmental contamination is a significant global health issue, with cosmetics and pharmaceuticals being major polluters. High concentrations of heavy metals, such as Hg, have been found to have toxic effects and may pose a threat to human health. This study aimed to determine the concentration of mercury (Hg) in lipsticks available in the Saudi Arabia market.

Methods: In this study, 12 lipstick samples from three colors were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to measure the content of Hg.

Results: The concentration range of Hg was 0.004-0.296 ppm. Moreover, the systemic exposure dosage of mercury in the lipstick samples examined in this study ranged from 5.01 × 10-8 to 1.43 × 10-6 μg/kg bw/day, while the range of the margin of safety was from 7.3 × 109 to 2.2 × 108.

Discussion: The Hg concentration in all analyzed samples was less than 0.50 and 1 ppm, which indicated that the Hg level was within acceptable limits according to Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organisation (SASO) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), respectively. On the other hand, the calculated margin of safety values for mercury exceeded the safe standard established by the WHO. The results derived from using hazard quotient (HQ) indices depict the potential carcinogenic health risk posed to consumers who employ red-colored lipsticks.

环境污染是一个重大的全球健康问题,化妆品和药品是主要的污染源。研究发现,高浓度的重金属(如汞)具有毒性作用,可能对人类健康构成威胁。本研究旨在确定沙特阿拉伯市场上口红中的汞(Hg)浓度。在这项研究中,使用电感耦合等离子体光发射光谱法(ICP-OES)分析了三种颜色的 12 个口红样本,以测量其中的汞含量。汞的浓度范围为 0.004-0.296 ppm。此外,本研究检测的口红样本中汞的全身暴露剂量范围为 5.01x10-8 至 1.43x10-6 微克/千克体重/天,安全系数范围为 7.3 x 109 至 2.2 x 108。所有分析样本中的汞浓度分别低于 0.50 和 1 ppm,这表明汞含量在沙特标准、计量和质量组织(SASO)以及美国食品药品管理局(US FDA)的可接受范围内。使用危险商数(HQ)指数得出的结果显示,使用红色口红的消费者可能面临致癌健康风险。
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引用次数: 0
Ocular toxicities of FDA-approved antibody drug conjugates. 美国食品和药物管理局批准的抗体药物共轭物的眼毒性。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2408677
Shaurey Vetsa, Stephanie Zhang, Walker Kay, Neil Kelkar, Arko Ghosh, Suhail Alam, Phillip C Hoopes, Majid Moshirfar

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging field of cancer treatments that are becoming more widespread in their use. However, there are potential ocular toxicities associated with these drugs that ophthalmologists need to be aware of to better maintain ocular health as patients undergo rigorous medical treatment for their conditions. While many ADCs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), many subsequent reports have been published regarding additional ocular side effects these drugs may cause. This review provides ophthalmologists with a practical guide on how to treat ocular toxicities associated with all FDA-approved ADCs to date. The potential pathophysiology of side effects is also discussed.

抗体药物共轭物(ADC)是一种新兴的癌症治疗方法,其应用越来越广泛。然而,这些药物可能会对眼部产生毒性,眼科医生需要注意,以便在患者接受严格的药物治疗时更好地维护眼部健康。虽然许多 ADC 已获得美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 批准,但随后又发表了许多关于这些药物可能导致其他眼部副作用的报告。本综述为眼科医生提供了一份实用指南,指导他们如何治疗与迄今为止所有经 FDA 批准的 ADC 相关的眼部毒性反应。此外,还讨论了副作用的潜在病理生理学。
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引用次数: 0
The treatment efficacy of 7.5% dapsone gel in papulopustular rosacea: a prospective study. 7.5% 达泊松凝胶对丘疹性红斑痤疮的疗效:一项前瞻性研究。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2424932
Defne Özkoca, Nazlı Caf

Introduction: Topical dapsone has a level A recommendation for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea; however, its treatment efficacy has not been studied previously. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical 7.5% dapsone gel applied once daily at night in the treatment of papulopustular rosacea.

Patients and methods: This is a prospective study including female papulopustular rosacea patients with a minimum IGA score of 2. The patients were recruited at two different outpatient clinics by two independent dermatologists. The patients were prescribed 7.5% dapsone gel (same brand) for once-daily use at night. No other topical or systemic treatment modalities were allowed to be used during the study except for a sun protection factor 50 sunscreen and an emollient face cream. The patients were evaluated with the total lesion counts and IGA scores at weeks 0, 4 and 8 by two independent dermatologists. The side effects of burning, stinging, pain, erythema, and exfoliation were questioned during the follow-up visits.

Results: All 32 recruited patients (18-70) completed the study. The mean lesion counts of the patients were 22.10 ± 8.95 on the initial visit, 11.90 ± 6.49 on the 4th week follow-up and 3.87 ± 3.76 on the 8th week follow up. The mean IGA scores of the patients were 3.06 ± 0.81 on the initial visit, 2.10 ± 0.87 on week 4 and 0.74 ± 0.73 on week 8. The decrease in the mean lesion count and IGA score of the patients in weeks 4 and 8 were statistically significant (p = 0.000 for all). This decrease was independent of the patient's age (p > 0.005). No side effects were reported.

Conclusions: The 7.5% topical formulation of dapsone is effective for papulopustular rosacea both on the first and second months of the treatment regardless of the age of the patient. Its safe side effect profile suits for a comfortable use in rosacea patients with a decreased skin tolerance.

介绍:A级推荐外用地松用于治疗丘疹性酒渣鼻,但此前尚未对其疗效进行过研究。本研究旨在评估每天晚上外用一次7.5%地松凝胶治疗丘疹性酒渣鼻的安全性和有效性:这是一项前瞻性研究,研究对象包括IGA评分至少为2分的女性丘疹性酒渣鼻患者。医生给患者开了 7.5% 的达泊松凝胶(同一品牌),每天晚上使用一次。研究期间,除了使用防晒系数为 50 的防晒霜和润肤面霜外,不得使用其他局部或全身治疗方法。由两名独立的皮肤科医生分别在第 0、4 和 8 周对患者的皮损总数和 IGA 评分进行评估。随访期间,对灼热、刺痛、疼痛、红斑和脱皮等副作用进行了询问:所有 32 名患者(18-70 岁)均完成了研究。初次就诊时,患者的平均皮损数量为(22.10 ± 8.95)个,第四周随访时为(11.90 ± 6.49)个,第八周随访时为(3.87 ± 3.76)个。首次就诊时患者的平均 IGA 评分为(3.06 ± 0.81)分,第 4 周为(2.10 ± 0.87)分,第 8 周为(0.74 ± 0.73)分。在第 4 周和第 8 周,患者的平均病灶数和 IGA 评分均有显著的统计学意义(P = 0.000)。这种下降与患者的年龄无关(p > 0.005)。无副作用报告:无论患者年龄多大,7.5%的地松局部制剂在治疗的第一个月和第二个月对丘疹性酒渣鼻都有效。其安全的副作用特征适合皮肤耐受性较差的酒渣鼻患者使用。
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引用次数: 0
Anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and morphological impact of phycocyanin on ultraviolet radiation irradiated human fibroblast cells. 植物花青素对紫外线辐射人成纤维细胞的抗炎、细胞毒性和形态学影响。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2424929
Bahareh Nowruzi, Omid Sabzevari Joopari

Background: Recently, the use of natural products as skin photoprotective agents has been in increasing demand. This study investigated the bioactivity of phycocyanin (PC) extracted from Spirulina sp. on human skin fibroblast cell line (CCD-966SK), specifically focusing on apoptosis, necrosis, anti-inflammatory effects, and enzymatic reactions.

Methods: The first step of this study was cyanobacterial cell culture and the extraction and purification of PC. After that, CCD-966SK cell line was cultivated under normal and UV irradiation. The bioassays included the cytotoxicity measurement, cell viability assay, morphology determination, tumour necrosis factor-α and Interleukin 6 release assays, enzyme activity for superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase as well as malondialdehyde content and the cell-free extract of cyanobacterial stains were assessed.

Results: The cell viability results showed that as the concentration of the PC increased, the viability of CCD-966SK cell line was reduced, which suggested that the effect of PC on the growth of fibroblast cells was dose dependent. The morphological results indicated that presence of PC in the fibroblast cell culture medium led to a transformation in cell morphology from spindle-shaped to spherical. PC released anti-inflammatory IL-6 and TNF-a cytokines, indicating high inflammation resistance. Furthermore, the findings revealed that PC dramatically reduced the release of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde from inflammatory cells, with the reduction being more apparent at increasing doses.

Conclusions: In conclusion, the results indicated that PC inhibit the CCD-966SK cell line by membrane destructor, which led to the increase the leakage of cell constituent and increase enzymes activities.

背景:最近,使用天然产品作为皮肤光保护剂的需求越来越大。本研究调查了从螺旋藻中提取的藻蓝蛋白(PC)对人皮肤成纤维细胞系(CCD-966SK)的生物活性,特别关注细胞凋亡、坏死、抗炎作用和酶反应:本研究的第一步是蓝藻细胞培养以及 PC 的提取和纯化。然后,在正常和紫外线照射下培养 CCD-966SK 细胞系。生物测定包括细胞毒性测定、细胞活力测定、形态测定、肿瘤坏死因子-α 和白细胞介素 6 释放测定、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的酶活性以及丙二醛含量和蓝藻染色的无细胞提取物:细胞存活率结果表明,随着 PC 浓度的增加,CCD-966SK 细胞株的存活率降低,这表明 PC 对成纤维细胞生长的影响具有剂量依赖性。形态学结果表明,成纤维细胞培养液中含有 PC 会导致细胞形态从纺锤形转变为球形。PC 释放出抗炎性 IL-6 和 TNF-a 细胞因子,显示出较强的抗炎性。此外,研究结果表明,PC 能显著减少炎症细胞中超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和丙二醛的释放,剂量越大,减少越明显:总之,研究结果表明,多氯联苯通过膜破坏作用抑制了 CCD-966SK 细胞系,从而导致细胞成分泄漏增加和酶活性提高。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the common skin diseases in patients with malignancies and the cutaneous side effects of cancer treatments. 评估恶性肿瘤患者的常见皮肤病以及癌症治疗的皮肤副作用。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2421570
Funda Tamer, Sheyda Gharehdaghi, Esra Adisen

Purpose: The diversity of skin diseases in patients with malignancies leads to diagnostic difficulties and complicate cancer treatment. Furthermore, the increasing use of chemotherapy drugs and novel treatment regimens raises the risk of the development of various cutaneous side effects and the need for dermatologists during cancer management. We investigated the skin diseases in patients with malignancies and the cutaneous side effects of cancer treatments.

Methods: Medical records of cancer patients evaluated in the Dermatology clinic between July 2018 and April 2023 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: This study included 872 cancer patients, 374 females and 498 males. Acute myeloid leukaemia was the most common malignancy, followed by multiple myeloma and invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Graft versus host disease was observed in 89 (10.2%) patients after stem cell transplantation and radiodermatitis developed in 16 (1.8%) patients. Maculopapular drug eruption and hand foot syndrome were the most common cutaneous side effects of chemotherapy drugs. Capecitabine was the most common etiologic agent in hand foot syndrome. Cellulitis was the most frequent bacterial infection in cancer patients, whereas herpes zoster was the most frequent viral infection. Among the chemotherapy drugs that caused acneiform drug eruption, cetuximab and cytarabine were notable. Facial erythema was associated with cytarabine use in 27.3% of patients.

Conclusion: Identifying the common skin diseases in cancer patients and cutaneous side effects due to chemotherapy drugs may help to take preventive measures, develop specific and effective treatments, determine the most appropriate cancer treatment options, and increase patients' compliance with cancer treatment.

目的:恶性肿瘤患者皮肤疾病的多样性导致诊断困难,并使癌症治疗复杂化。此外,化疗药物和新型治疗方案的使用越来越多,增加了出现各种皮肤副作用的风险,在癌症治疗过程中需要皮肤科医生。我们对恶性肿瘤患者的皮肤病和癌症治疗的皮肤副作用进行了调查:回顾性审查了 2018 年 7 月至 2023 年 4 月期间在皮肤科门诊接受评估的癌症患者的病历:本研究共纳入872名癌症患者,其中女性374名,男性498名。急性髓性白血病是最常见的恶性肿瘤,其次是多发性骨髓瘤和浸润性乳腺导管癌。89名(10.2%)患者在干细胞移植后出现移植物抗宿主疾病,16名(1.8%)患者出现放射性皮炎。大疱性药物疹和手足综合征是化疗药物最常见的皮肤副作用。卡培他滨是手足综合征最常见的病原体。蜂窝织炎是癌症患者最常见的细菌感染,而带状疱疹则是最常见的病毒感染。在引起痤疮样药物疹的化疗药物中,西妥昔单抗和阿糖胞苷最为常见。27.3%的患者面部红斑与使用阿糖胞苷有关:结论:确定癌症患者常见的皮肤病以及化疗药物引起的皮肤副作用有助于采取预防措施、开发特异性的有效治疗方法、确定最合适的癌症治疗方案以及提高患者对癌症治疗的依从性。
{"title":"Evaluation of the common skin diseases in patients with malignancies and the cutaneous side effects of cancer treatments.","authors":"Funda Tamer, Sheyda Gharehdaghi, Esra Adisen","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2421570","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2421570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The diversity of skin diseases in patients with malignancies leads to diagnostic difficulties and complicate cancer treatment. Furthermore, the increasing use of chemotherapy drugs and novel treatment regimens raises the risk of the development of various cutaneous side effects and the need for dermatologists during cancer management. We investigated the skin diseases in patients with malignancies and the cutaneous side effects of cancer treatments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of cancer patients evaluated in the Dermatology clinic between July 2018 and April 2023 were retrospectively reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 872 cancer patients, 374 females and 498 males. Acute myeloid leukaemia was the most common malignancy, followed by multiple myeloma and invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Graft versus host disease was observed in 89 (10.2%) patients after stem cell transplantation and radiodermatitis developed in 16 (1.8%) patients. Maculopapular drug eruption and hand foot syndrome were the most common cutaneous side effects of chemotherapy drugs. Capecitabine was the most common etiologic agent in hand foot syndrome. Cellulitis was the most frequent bacterial infection in cancer patients, whereas herpes zoster was the most frequent viral infection. Among the chemotherapy drugs that caused acneiform drug eruption, cetuximab and cytarabine were notable. Facial erythema was associated with cytarabine use in 27.3% of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Identifying the common skin diseases in cancer patients and cutaneous side effects due to chemotherapy drugs may help to take preventive measures, develop specific and effective treatments, determine the most appropriate cancer treatment options, and increase patients' compliance with cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"363-368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Isotretinoin increases non-insulin-based surrogate markers of insulin resistance in acne vulgaris patients. 异维A酸会增加寻常型痤疮患者胰岛素抵抗的非胰岛素替代指标。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2424937
Kadir Kaya, Özlem Gevher

Background: Lipid indices, particularly the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) and the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, are simple, reliable, non-insulin-based surrogate markers of insulin resistance that have recently gained prominence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of isotretinoin treatment on surrogate markers of insulin resistance, in particular the TyG index, in patients with acne vulgaris (AV).

Materials and methods: This retrospective study reviewed the records of 200 patients who received isotretinoin treatment for acne vulgaris at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology between September 2023 and March 2024. Serum fasting glucose, fasting lipid profile [triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)] and other biochemical parameters were recorded. Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index value was calculated with the formula Ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Pre-treatment values were compared with values after 5 months of treatment.

Results: TyG index and TG/HDL, TC/HDL, and LDL/HDL ratios all increased statistically significantly (p < 0.001). In addition, a positive correlation was found between pre- and post-treatment TyG index values and pre- and post-treatment TC/HDL, LDL/HDL and TG/HDL ratio values (p < 0.001). Among lipid measurements, triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL-C, LDL-C increased statistically significantly (p < 0.001), while HDL-C decreased statistically significantly (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that isotretinoin treatment may increase insulin resistance in AV patients by increasing surrogate biomarkers of insulin resistance. We also suggest that the TyG index and other lipid indices can be used in treatment follow-up.

背景:血脂指数,尤其是甘油三酯-葡萄糖指数(TyG指数)和甘油三酯/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(TG/HDL-C)比值,是一种简单、可靠、非胰岛素替代性胰岛素抵抗标志物,近来日益受到重视。本研究旨在评估异维A酸治疗对寻常型痤疮(AV)患者胰岛素抵抗替代指标,尤其是TyG指数的影响:这项回顾性研究回顾了 2023 年 9 月至 2024 年 3 月期间在皮肤病与性病科接受异维A酸治疗的 200 名寻常型痤疮患者的病历。研究记录了血清空腹血糖、空腹血脂谱[甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]和其他生化参数。甘油三酯-葡萄糖(TyG)指数值的计算公式为 Ln [空腹甘油三酯(毫克/分升)×空腹血浆葡萄糖(毫克/分升)/2]。将治疗前的数值与治疗 5 个月后的数值进行比较:结果:TyG 指数、TG/HDL、TC/HDL 和 LDL/HDL 比率均有显著的统计学增长(p p p p 结论:TyG 指数和 TG/HDL 比率均有显著的统计学增长:本研究结果表明,异维A酸治疗可能会通过增加胰岛素抵抗的替代生物标志物来增加 AV 患者的胰岛素抵抗。我们还建议在治疗随访中使用 TyG 指数和其他血脂指数。
{"title":"Isotretinoin increases non-insulin-based surrogate markers of insulin resistance in acne vulgaris patients.","authors":"Kadir Kaya, Özlem Gevher","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2424937","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2424937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lipid indices, particularly the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) and the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, are simple, reliable, non-insulin-based surrogate markers of insulin resistance that have recently gained prominence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of isotretinoin treatment on surrogate markers of insulin resistance, in particular the TyG index, in patients with acne vulgaris (AV).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study reviewed the records of 200 patients who received isotretinoin treatment for acne vulgaris at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology between September 2023 and March 2024. Serum fasting glucose, fasting lipid profile [triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)] and other biochemical parameters were recorded. Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index value was calculated with the formula Ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Pre-treatment values were compared with values after 5 months of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TyG index and TG/HDL, TC/HDL, and LDL/HDL ratios all increased statistically significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In addition, a positive correlation was found between pre- and post-treatment TyG index values and pre- and post-treatment TC/HDL, LDL/HDL and TG/HDL ratio values (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Among lipid measurements, triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL-C, LDL-C increased statistically significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while HDL-C decreased statistically significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study suggest that isotretinoin treatment may increase insulin resistance in AV patients by increasing surrogate biomarkers of insulin resistance. We also suggest that the TyG index and other lipid indices can be used in treatment follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"410-415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142616349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluating the concentration dependent dual effects of β-Glucan on cancerous skin cells and mitochondria isolated from melanoma-induced animal model. 评估β-葡聚糖对癌变皮肤细胞和从黑色素瘤诱发动物模型中分离的线粒体的浓度依赖性双重效应。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2410355
Yalda Arast, Hanife Esfandiari, Farzane Kamranfar, Zahra Mousavi, Mahdieh Ameri Shah Reza, Jalal Pourahmad

Introduction: Melanoma is still one of the deadliest cancers whose prevalence has increased in recent decades. Today, many polysaccharides and their bioactive compounds have been of special importance in modern biotechnology. They have various biological and therapeutic properties. they can regulate and strengthen the immune system, lower blood pressure and cholesterol, and reduce bacterial and viral infections. According to studies, these compounds also have antitumor properties. we investigated the cytotoxic effects of β-Glucan obtained from solid-state fermentation (SSF) of edible medicinal mushroom Lentinus edodes on cancerous skin cells.

Materials and methods: The mitochondria were isolated from melanoma cells via differential centrifugation and treated with various concentrations (30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 240 µg/ml) of β-Glucan extract. Then, they were subjected to MTT, ROS, MMP decline, mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release, and flow cytometry assays.

Results: The results of the MTT assay showed that IC50 of β-Glucan extract was 60 μg/ml, and it induced a selectively significant (P < 0.05) concentration-dependent decrease in the SDH activity in cancerous skin mitochondria. At higher concentrations, no such effect was observed. The ROS results also showed that 30, 45, and 60 µg/ml concentrations of β-Glucan extract significantly increased ROS. However, no such effect was observed at higher concentrations. MMP decline and the release of cytochrome c in cancer groups mitochondria and swelling were significantly increased at 30, 45, and 60 µg/ml compared to the control group. At higher concentrations, no such effect was observed. β-Glucan extract at 60 µg/ml concentration increased apoptosis on melanoma cells, while it had no effect on control non-tumour cells.

Discussion and conclusion: Based on these results, β-Glucan extract at 30, 45, and 60 µg/ml showed a cytotoxic effect, while no such effect was observed at higher concentrations. Overall, it seems that β-Glucan has antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects on cancer cells at higher concentrations.

简介黑色素瘤仍然是最致命的癌症之一,近几十年来发病率不断上升。如今,许多多糖及其生物活性化合物在现代生物技术中具有特别重要的地位。它们可以调节和增强免疫系统,降低血压和胆固醇,减少细菌和病毒感染。我们研究了从食用药用蘑菇 Lentinus edodes 的固态发酵(SSF)中获得的 β-葡聚糖对皮肤癌细胞的细胞毒性作用:通过差速离心从黑色素瘤细胞中分离出线粒体,并用不同浓度(30、45、60、90、120 和 240 µg/ml)的β-葡聚糖提取物处理。然后,对它们进行 MTT、ROS、MMP 下降、线粒体肿胀、细胞色素 c 释放和流式细胞术检测:MTT 试验结果表明,β-葡聚糖提取物的 IC50 值为 60 μg/ml,它能选择性地显著增加 ROS(P β-葡聚糖提取物能显著增加 ROS。然而,在更高浓度下没有观察到这种效应。与对照组相比,在 30、45 和 60 µg/ml 浓度下,癌症组线粒体和肿胀中的 MMP 下降和细胞色素 c 释放明显增加。在更高浓度下,未观察到此类影响。浓度为 60 µg/ml 的β-葡聚糖提取物可增加黑色素瘤细胞的凋亡,而对对照组非肿瘤细胞没有影响:根据上述结果,浓度为 30、45 和 60 µg/ml 的 β-葡聚糖提取物具有细胞毒性作用,而浓度较高时则没有这种作用。总体看来,β-葡聚糖在较高浓度下对癌细胞具有抗氧化和清除自由基的作用。
{"title":"Evaluating the concentration dependent dual effects of <i>β-Glucan</i> on cancerous skin cells and mitochondria isolated from melanoma-induced animal model.","authors":"Yalda Arast, Hanife Esfandiari, Farzane Kamranfar, Zahra Mousavi, Mahdieh Ameri Shah Reza, Jalal Pourahmad","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2410355","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2410355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Melanoma is still one of the deadliest cancers whose prevalence has increased in recent decades. Today, many polysaccharides and their bioactive compounds have been of special importance in modern biotechnology. They have various biological and therapeutic properties. they can regulate and strengthen the immune system, lower blood pressure and cholesterol, and reduce bacterial and viral infections. According to studies, these compounds also have antitumor properties. we investigated the cytotoxic effects of <i>β-Glucan</i> obtained from solid-state fermentation (SSF) of edible medicinal mushroom <i>Lentinus edodes</i> on cancerous skin cells.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The mitochondria were isolated from melanoma cells via differential centrifugation and treated with various concentrations (30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 240 µg/ml) of <i>β-Glucan</i> extract. Then, they were subjected to MTT, ROS, MMP decline, mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release, and flow cytometry assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the MTT assay showed that IC50 of <i>β-Glucan</i> extract was 60 μg/ml, and it induced a selectively significant (P < 0.05) concentration-dependent decrease in the SDH activity in cancerous skin mitochondria. At higher concentrations, no such effect was observed. The ROS results also showed that 30, 45, and 60 µg/ml concentrations of <i>β-Glucan</i> extract significantly increased ROS. However, no such effect was observed at higher concentrations. MMP decline and the release of cytochrome c in cancer groups mitochondria and swelling were significantly increased at 30, 45, and 60 µg/ml compared to the control group. At higher concentrations, no such effect was observed. <i>β-Glucan</i> extract at 60 µg/ml concentration increased apoptosis on melanoma cells, while it had no effect on control non-tumour cells.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>Based on these results, <i>β-Glucan</i> extract at 30, 45, and 60 µg/ml showed a cytotoxic effect, while no such effect was observed at higher concentrations. Overall, it seems that <i>β-Glucan</i> has antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects on cancer cells at higher concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"347-355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of oral isotretinoin on the inflammatory markers: can lymphocyte/HDL-C and platelet/HDL-C ratios be new indicators of inflammation in acne vulgaris patients? 口服异维A酸对炎症指标的影响:淋巴细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和血小板/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)比率能否成为寻常型痤疮患者炎症的新指标?
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2423257
Özge Zorlu, Hülya Albayrak, Sema Aytekin

Introduction: The effect of isotretinoin on inflammatory markers has been reported with conflicting results. No studies have been reported on the relationship between isotretinoin and lymphocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] ratio (LHR), neutrophil/HDL-C ratio (NHR), or platelet/HDL-C ratio (PHR) in acne patients.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate how isotretinoin affects the inflammatory markers, including LHR, NHR, and PHR, in acne vulgaris patients.

Methods: A total of 361 patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris who received systemic isotretinoin for at least six months were included. Complete blood count and biochemical analyses, including monocyte/HDL-C ratio (MHR), NHR, LHR, PHR, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), obtained at the treatment onset and the end of the first, third, and sixth months of treatment were investigated.

Results: There was no significant difference in MHR and NHR levels between repeated measures. A significant increasing trend was seen in LHR and PHR (P = 0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively). HDL-C levels gradually and significantly declined during the six months (P < 0.001). Serum NLR, derived NLR, SII, SIRI, MLR, and AISI showed a significant decrease in line with clinical improvement in acne during the six months of therapy (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Declining levels of NLR, MLR, SII, SIRI, and AISI may indicate the anti-inflammatory effects of isotretinoin on the pilosebaceous unit, whereas increasing levels of LHR and PHR may show systemic inflammatory activity of isotretinoin.

简介异维A酸对炎症指标的影响已有报道,但结果不尽相同。目前还没有关于异维A酸与痤疮患者淋巴细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇[HDL-C]比率(LHR)、中性粒细胞/HDL-C比率(NHR)或血小板/HDL-C比率(PHR)之间关系的研究报告:我们旨在研究异维A酸如何影响寻常型痤疮患者的炎症指标,包括LHR、NHR和PHR:方法:共纳入 361 名接受异维A酸治疗至少六个月的中重度寻常型痤疮患者。全血细胞计数和生化分析,包括单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比率(MHR)、NHR、LHR、PHR、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率(NLR)、单核细胞/淋巴细胞比率(MLR)、血小板/淋巴细胞比率(PLR)、全身炎症综合指数(AISI)、研究了治疗开始时以及治疗第一、第三和第六个月结束时获得的全身免疫炎症指数(SII)和全身炎症反应指数(SIRI)。结果显示重复测量的 MHR 和 NHR 水平无明显差异。LHR和PHR呈明显上升趋势(分别为P = 0.001和P = 0.011)。在这六个月中,HDL-C 水平逐渐明显下降(P P 结论):NLR、MLR、SII、SIRI 和 AISI 水平的下降可能表明异维A酸对皮脂腺具有抗炎作用,而 LHR 和 PHR 水平的上升可能表明异维A酸具有全身炎症活性。
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引用次数: 0
Effects on corneal endothelium of intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs. 玻璃体内注射抗血管内皮生长因子药物对角膜内皮的影响。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2422914
Mariaelena Malvasi, Antonella Calandri, Elena Pacella, Enzo Maria Vingolo
<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Intravitreal drug administration has become the gold standard for the treatment of many retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). The frequency of this procedure has increased significantly after the introduction of anti-VEGF drugs, since the rise in the average age of the population, which is closely correlated with these diseases. In order to ensure therapeutic success in these patients with chronic retinal diseases, intravitreal treatment with anti-VEGF requires a long-term maintenance regimen with repeated administrations. For this reason today, we must consider the risks linked to complications associated with the long-term application of this therapy. Our study aims to investigate whether the intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF may lead to damage to the corneal endothelium, either directly through the administration procedure or indirectly due to the drug's toxicity. We aimed to establish a clear correlation between intravitreal drug administration and a statistically significant reduction in corneal endothelial cell count in the treated eye when compared to the untreated eye. The study also sought to assess whether different toxicities might be present between different types of drugs belonging to the same anti-VEGF family.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was conducted by examining a cohort of 133 patients suffering from different diseases: AMD, EMD and RVO. All patients underwent measurement of the endothelial count with CellChek<sup>®</sup> 20, considering the value measured at the first injection as time zero and reassessed at each subsequent treatment session. The measurement of the endothelial count was performed both on the eye under treatment (TE) and in the eye not undergoing intravitreal injection (NTE) with anti-VEGF drugs for each injection cycle. Different anti-VEGF drugs such as Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab, Aflibercept, Brolucizumab were used for intravitreal therapy. The test patients were included in a 12-month follow-up programme, in which the measurement intervals are dictated by the treatment plan.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The statistical analysis performed on the corneal endothelial cell counts showed that the ECD (endothelial cell density) parameter decreases with each administration of the drug. The analysis of the difference in the mean endothelial cell counts of the TE reveals that the difference in the number of endothelial cells between the first and second counts in TE is 54.00; greater than the difference in the number of cells found in NTE, which was 13.42. Both the difference between the TE and NTE cell counts are statistically significant. In the case of the TE, the <i>p</i>-value is <0.001, while in the case of the NTE the <i>p</i>-value is still significant as <0.05. The hypothesis that the different types of anti-VEGF drugs could determine the decrease in endothelial
目的:玻璃体内给药已成为治疗老年黄斑变性(AMD)、糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)和视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)等多种视网膜疾病的金标准。抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)药物问世后,这种手术的频率显著增加,因为人口平均年龄的增加与这些疾病密切相关。为了确保对这些慢性视网膜疾病患者的治疗取得成功,抗血管内皮生长因子的玻璃体内治疗需要长期反复给药的维持方案。因此,我们必须考虑长期应用这种疗法所带来的并发症风险。我们的研究旨在探讨抗血管内皮生长因子(anti-VEGF)的玻璃体内注射是否会直接通过给药过程或间接由于药物的毒性导致角膜内皮损伤。我们的目标是在玻璃体内给药与角膜内皮细胞数量在统计学上显著减少之间建立明确的相关性。该研究还试图评估同属抗血管内皮生长因子家族的不同类型药物是否会产生不同的毒性:该研究对 133 名不同疾病的患者进行了检查:AMD、EMD 和 RVO。所有患者都接受了 CellChek® 20 内皮细胞计数测量,将首次注射时测量的数值视为零时间,并在随后的每次治疗中重新评估。内皮细胞计数的测量同时在接受治疗的眼睛(TE)和未接受抗血管内皮生长因子药物玻璃体内注射的眼睛(NTE)进行,每个注射周期测量一次。不同的抗血管内皮生长因子药物,如贝伐单抗、雷珠单抗、阿弗利百普、布鲁珠单抗,都被用于玻璃体内治疗。测试患者被纳入为期 12 个月的随访计划,测量间隔由治疗方案决定:对角膜内皮细胞计数进行的统计分析显示,每次用药后,ECD(内皮细胞密度)参数都会下降。对 TE 内皮细胞计数平均值差异的分析表明,TE 内皮细胞数在第一次计数和第二次计数之间的差异为 54.00;大于 NTE 内皮细胞数的差异(13.42)。TE 和 NTE 细胞计数之间的差异均具有统计学意义。就 TE 而言,由于 p 值大于 0.05,因此 p 值仍有意义):该研究表明,接受玻璃体内注射治疗的患者的角膜内皮细胞按抗血管内皮生长因子的注射次数计算有统计学意义的显著减少,这种减少与所使用的抗血管内皮生长因子类型(贝伐珠单抗、雷珠单抗、阿弗利百普和布罗鲁珠单抗)无关。
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引用次数: 0
Nicotine acute impact on RNFL: a comparative analysis of smoking cessation aids including nicotine gum and electronic cigarettes. 尼古丁对 RNFL 的急性影响:尼古丁口香糖和电子香烟等戒烟辅助工具的比较分析。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2408694
Mohammed Alhazmi, Wafa Alotaibi

Purpose: To investigate the immediate impact of nicotine consumption on Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) thickness in healthy young individuals, comparing nicotine gum and electronic cigarette (vaping) as delivery methods.

Materials and methods: Twenty participants underwent RNFL measurements at baseline, 30, and 60 minutes after consuming 4 mg of nicotine, based on product labeling and specifications. Measurements were obtained using optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Topcon 3D OCT-1 Maestro System). Nicotine was delivered through either nicotine gum or vaping.

Results: Both nicotine gum and vaping led to a statistically significant increase in RNFL thickness, with no significant difference between the two methods. The analysis revealed that area, time, and visit factors significantly affected RNFL scores. Stratification by smoking type (tobacco, vaping, dual) demonstrated significant effects for area, time, and visit factors, with an interaction effect among these factors.

Conclusions: The findings highlight the acute impact of nicotine intake on RNFL thickness in young healthy smokers. Researchers and clinicians should account for recent nicotine exposure when evaluating RNFL thickness, particularly within the first hour post-smoking. The observed significant effects warrant further research, especially in older or health-compromised populations, to improve clinical protocols and diagnostic evaluations across different demographics.

目的:比较尼古丁口香糖和电子香烟(vaping)两种给药方式,研究尼古丁摄入对健康年轻人视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度的直接影响:根据产品标签和规格,20 名参与者在摄入 4 毫克尼古丁后的基线、30 分钟和 60 分钟接受了视网膜神经纤维层厚度测量。测量采用光学相干断层扫描(OCT)(Topcon 3D OCT-1 Maestro 系统)。尼古丁通过尼古丁口香糖或烟雾剂输送:结果:尼古丁口香糖和吸食都会导致 RNFL 厚度出现统计学意义上的显著增加,两种方法之间没有明显差异。分析显示,面积、时间和就诊因素对 RNFL 分数有明显影响。按吸烟类型(烟草、吸食电子烟、双重)进行的分层显示,面积、时间和就诊因素对RNFL有明显影响,这些因素之间存在交互作用:结论:研究结果凸显了尼古丁摄入量对年轻健康吸烟者RNFL厚度的急性影响。研究人员和临床医生在评估 RNFL 厚度时应考虑近期尼古丁暴露,尤其是在吸烟后一小时内。观察到的重大影响值得进一步研究,尤其是在老年人或健康受损人群中,以改进不同人群的临床方案和诊断评估。
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Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology
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