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Ocular effects of eye cosmetic formulations. 眼部化妆品配方对眼睛的影响。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2360735
Shruti Vinod Sabhahit, Mahesh Babu, Dixitha V

Objective: To study the ocular effects seen among eye cosmetic wearers in the Indian Population.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on female participants who had fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed history was obtained and thorough ophthalmic evaluation was done. Mann Whitney U test was used. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS. p < .05 was taken as the level of statistical significance.

Results: Among a total of 225 participants in our study, the mean age was 24.23 ± 1.8, which comprised of young student females. Majority of the females used one eye cosmetic with Kajal (n = 156) being the most predominant. Most frequently encountered symptom upon using eye cosmetics was watering from eyes and ocular pain was the least encountered symptom. Anterior segment examination showed- allergic conjunctivitis and meibomian gland dysfunction being the most and least predominant, respectively. Our study highlights that Kajal predisposes the eyes to significant ocular morbidity with p = .039 for dry eye disease, p = .041 for allergic conjunctivitis, p = .036 for conjunctival pigmentation. Prolonged use of such formulations for more than 4 times a week (p = .046) or even daily (p = .031) for a duration of either 1-5 years (p = .033) or greater than 5 years (p = .027) was found to be statistically significant in causing ocular signs. Non removal of eye cosmetics at the end of the day was significant in causing allergic conjunctivitis (p = .035) and conjunctival pigmentation (p = .021). Plain tap water has been found to be the least effective technique in the removal of such ocular cosmetics with a statistical significance of p = .031 in causing ocular signs.

Conclusions: Eye cosmetics are a significant contributor to the development of ocular surface diseases. Removal of products along with decreased usage seems to be a significant contributor in dampening unwanted adverse effects.

目的研究印度人群中眼部化妆品佩戴者对眼部的影响:这项横断面研究的对象是符合纳入和排除标准的女性参与者。研究人员详细询问了参与者的病史,并进行了全面的眼科评估。采用曼-惠特尼 U 检验。采用 IBM SPSS 进行统计分析,以 p 为统计显著性水平:在总共 225 名参与者中,平均年龄为(24.23±1.8)岁,其中包括年轻的女学生。大多数女性使用一种眼部化妆品,其中以 Kajal(n = 156)为主。使用眼部化妆品时最常出现的症状是眼睛流泪,而眼睛疼痛是最少出现的症状。眼前节检查显示,过敏性结膜炎和睑板腺功能障碍分别是最主要和最不主要的症状。我们的研究结果表明,Kajal 容易导致严重的眼部疾病,干眼症的发病率为 p = 0.039,过敏性结膜炎的发病率为 p = 0.041,结膜色素沉着的发病率为 p = 0.036。长期使用此类配方,每周超过 4 次(p = 0.046),甚至每天使用(p = 0.031),持续 1-5 年(p = 0.033)或 5 年以上(p = 0.027),会导致眼部症状,这在统计学上有显著意义。每天下班后不卸除眼部化妆品会导致过敏性结膜炎(p = 0.035)和结膜色素沉着(p = 0.021)。研究发现,普通自来水是去除此类眼部化妆品效果最差的技术,在导致眼部症状方面的统计学意义为 p = 0.031:结论:眼部化妆品是导致眼表疾病的重要因素。结论:眼部化妆品是导致眼表疾病的重要因素,清除产品并减少使用似乎是减少不必要的不良影响的一个重要因素。
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引用次数: 0
Bisphenol-A and pentachlorophenol sodium levels in patients with rosacea. 红斑痤疮患者体内的双酚 A 和五氯酚钠水平。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2383242
Deniz Demircioglu, Nese Cinar, Suzan Demir Pektas, Tuba Edgunlu, Mustafa Unal, Duygu Yazgan Aksoy

Background/ objectives: Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Endocrinedisrupting chemicals (EDC) are toxic substances, that may gain entry through the skin and subsequently interfere with hormonal and immune functions. Bisphenol A (BPA) and pentachlorophenol sodium (PCS) are two of these EDCs, incriminated in the pathogenesis of certain inflammatory skin disorders. We aimed to test the hypothesis that exposure to BPA and PCS might be involved in the pathogenesis of rosacea.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study involved 34 patients with rosacea (18F/16 M; mean age 48.5 ± 11 years) and 34 age and sex-matched healthy controls (20 F/14 M; mean age 48.2 ± 10.2 years). Main anthropometric measures, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, HOMA-IR, lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), BPA, and PCS levels were quantified and recorded.

Results: Serum CRP (9.6 ± 3.4 vs. 3.7 ± 1.6 mg/L, respectively, p0.05 for all). Serum BPA levels were 55.8 ± 14.4 and 51.9 ± 19.2 ng/mL, and PCS levels were 63.3 ± 45.9 ng/mL and 68.6 ± 40.8 ng/mL for patients and healthy controls, respectively. There was no significant difference in BPA and PCS levels between the two groups (p > 0.05 for both). No significant association was found among HOMAIR, CRP, BPA, and PCS levels (p > 0.05 for all).

Conclusions: Although the present study fails to provide presumptive evidence for the role of BPA and PCS in rosacea, the question as to other EDCs might be involved in its etiopathogenesis remains. This hypothesis requires confirmation in large-scale future prospective trials.

背景/目的:红斑痤疮是一种常见的慢性炎症性皮肤病。干扰内分泌的化学物质(EDC)是一种有毒物质,可通过皮肤进入人体,继而干扰荷尔蒙和免疫功能。双酚 A(BPA)和五氯苯酚钠(PCS)是其中的两种 EDC,被认为与某些炎症性皮肤病的发病机制有关。我们的目的是验证接触双酚 A 和五氯酚钠可能与酒渣鼻发病机制有关的假设:这项前瞻性横断面研究涉及 34 名红斑痤疮患者(18 名女性/16 名男性;平均年龄为 48.5 ± 11 岁)和 34 名年龄和性别匹配的健康对照者(20 名女性/14 名男性;平均年龄为 48.2 ± 10.2 岁)。对主要人体测量指标、空腹血浆葡萄糖(FPG)、胰岛素、HOMA-IR、血脂、C反应蛋白(CRP)、BPA和PCS水平进行了量化和记录:血清 CRP(9.6 ± 3.4 vs. 3.7 ± 1.6 mg/L,P0.05)。患者和健康对照组的血清 BPA 水平分别为 55.8 ± 14.4 和 51.9 ± 19.2 纳克/毫升,PCS 水平分别为 63.3 ± 45.9 纳克/毫升和 68.6 ± 40.8 纳克/毫升。两组之间的双酚 A 和 PCS 水平无明显差异(均 p > 0.05)。HOMAIR、CRP、BPA和PCS水平之间未发现明显关联(均为P > 0.05):尽管本研究未能提供双酚A和多氯联苯醚在红斑痤疮中发挥作用的推定证据,但其他易致癌物可能参与其发病机制的问题仍然存在。这一假设需要在未来的大规模前瞻性试验中得到证实。
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引用次数: 0
Safety and tolerability of pooled human immune globulins after topical ophthalmic administration in New Zealand White rabbits. 新西兰白兔眼局部用药后集合人免疫球蛋白的安全性和耐受性。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2381207
Simon Kaja, Sana Iqbal, Berta Pons Lopez, Sergio Molina Zaragoza, Christine Mun, Michael T Flavin, Sandeep Jain

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of pooled human immune globulins, Flebogamma® 5% DIF and Flebogamma® 10% DIF, administered by topical ophthalmic instillation to New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits.

Methods: Male NZW rabbits were used in this study. In the acute single dose tolerability study, rabbits (n = 12) received a single topical dose of Flebogamma® 5% DIF. In the two-week repeated-dose tolerability study, rabbits (n = 5 for each group) were administered either Flebogamma® 5% DIF or Flebogamma® 10% DIF by topical bilateral administration four times daily (q.i.d.) between 8 am and 6 pm for a period of two weeks. Full ophthalmic examinations were conducted to evaluate ocular tolerability at baseline, Day 7, and Day 14.

Results: In the acute single dose study, mild hyperaemia was observed in 1 out of 4 eyes at each 4 h and 24 h post-instillation of Flebogamma® 5% DIF. In the repeated dose study, no ocular signs were detected after q.i.d. topical instillation of Flebogamma® 5% DIF, while Flebogamma® 10% DIF resulted in mild hyperaemia in 8 out of 10 eyes on Day 7, and 5 out of 10 eyes on Day 14. No positive corneal fluorescein staining was detected. Schirmer tear test results were unremarkable. No other ocular signs were observed. Administration of immune globulins had no effect on intraocular pressure.

Conclusions: Flebogamma® 5% DIF and Flebogamma® 10% DIF were well-tolerated by NZW rabbits following single and repeat dose topical ophthalmic administration, supporting the future development of topical pooled human immune globulins for the treatment of ocular surface disease.

目的:评估新西兰白兔(NZW)眼部局部注射人免疫球蛋白Flebogamma® 5% DIF和Flebogamma® 10% DIF的安全性和耐受性:本研究使用雄性新西兰白兔。在急性单剂量耐受性研究中,兔子(n = 12)接受了单次局部剂量的 Flebogamma® 5% DIF。在为期两周的重复剂量耐受性研究中,兔子(每组 n = 5 只)接受 Flebogamma® 5% DIF 或 Flebogamma® 10% DIF 的局部双侧给药,每天上午 8 点到下午 6 点之间给药四次(q.i.d.),为期两周。在基线、第 7 天和第 14 天进行了全面的眼科检查,以评估眼部耐受性:在急性单剂量研究中,4只眼睛中有1只在注射5% DIF后的4小时和24小时内出现轻度高血症。在重复剂量研究中,每次局部注射 Flebogamma® 5% DIF 后第 7 天,10 只眼睛中有 8 只出现轻度高血症;第 14 天,10 只眼睛中有 5 只出现轻度高血症。未发现角膜荧光素染色阳性反应。施尔默泪液测试结果无异常。未发现其他眼部症状。免疫球蛋白对眼压没有影响:Flebogamma®5% DIF和Flebogamma®10% DIF在单次和重复局部眼部给药后均能被NZW家兔很好地耐受,这为将来开发用于治疗眼表疾病的局部集合人免疫球蛋白提供了支持。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of eye irritation potential of experimental cosmetic formulations containing glycolic acid, salicylic acid and ethanol using the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Assay. 使用牛角膜翳和渗透性测定法评估含乙醇酸、水杨酸和乙醇的实验性化妆品配方对眼睛的刺激潜力。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2361334
R Labib, K Cantrell, G-E Costin, A L Milac, H Raabe, S Gettings

Objective: Prototype cosmetic formulations containing short-chain acids and alcohols intended to be applied in the proximity of the eyes are sometimes evaluated for ocular irritation potential using the validated Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Assay (OECD TG 437). We evaluated the eye irritation potential of nine experimental cosmetic formulations designed and prepared by Avon Global Reserach and Development to differ only in the concentrations of Ethanol, Glycolic Acid and Salicylic Acid.

Methods: We analysed the data generated using the BCOP assay. The opacity and permeability values obtained following the exposure of bovine corneas to experimental cosmetic formulations were combined into a single In Vitro Irritancy Score used to rank eye irritation potential. Histopathological examination of treated corneas was used to provide additional information about the depth and degree of the injury and to support the prediction of eye irritation potential of each experimental cosmetic formulation.

Results: The In Vitro Irritancy Scores and histopathological analysis showed that experimental formulations containing only Ethanol, Glycolic Acid, or Salicylic Acid alone had, at most, a mild ocular irritation potential. The experimental formulations containing both Ethanol and Glycolic Acid had a mild ocular irritation potential, while the experimental formulations containing both Ethanol and Salicylic Acid had a moderate ocular irritation potential. Severe ocular irritation potential was induced by an experimental formulation containing a combination of Glycolic Acid and Salicylic Acid and it was further accentuated by the addition of Ethanol to the formulation. Our data indicate a possible synergistic effect on eye irritation potential of Ethanol, Glycolic Acid and Salicylic Acid in at least some experimental cosmetic formulations. Further, our results provide insight on an apparent concentration-dependent ocular irritation potential effect of combinations of Glycolic Acid, Salicylic Acid and Ethanol in at least one experimental cosmetic formulation.

Conclusions: The results presented herein emphasise the need to consider in vitro testing of prototype cosmetic formulations containing combinations of Ethanol, Glycolic Acid and Salicylic Acid rather than relying on any predicted additive effect on ocular irritation based solely on previously generated results of similar formulations containing Ethanol, Glycolic Acid or Salicylic Acid alone. Further work is required to understand the significance of these observations and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the apparent synergistic effects of Glycolic Acid, Salicylic Acid and Ethanol and eye irritation potential suggested by our results.

目的:有时会使用经过验证的牛角膜翳和渗透性测定法(OECD TG 437)来评估含有短链酸和醇的化妆品原型配方对眼睛的潜在刺激性。我们对雅芳产品国际公司设计和配制的九种实验性化妆品配方进行了眼刺激潜力评估,这些配方仅在乙醇、乙醇酸和水杨酸的浓度上存在差异:我们分析了使用 BCOP 分析法得出的数据。将牛角膜暴露于实验性化妆品配方后获得的不透明度和渗透性值合并为一个体外刺激性评分,用于对眼睛刺激潜力进行排序。对处理过的角膜进行组织病理学检查,以提供有关损伤深度和程度的更多信息,并为预测每种实验性化妆品配方的眼刺激潜力提供支持:体外刺激性评分和组织病理学分析表明,仅含有乙醇、乙醇酸或水杨酸的实验配方最多具有轻微的眼刺激性。同时含有乙醇和乙醇酸的实验配方具有轻度眼刺激性,而同时含有乙醇和水杨酸的实验配方具有中度眼刺激性。含有乙醇和水杨酸的实验配方会诱发严重的眼部刺激,而在配方中添加乙醇则会进一步加剧眼部刺激。我们的数据表明,至少在某些实验性化妆品配方中,乙醇、乙醇酸和水杨酸可能会对眼刺激潜能产生协同效应。此外,我们的研究结果还表明,在至少一种实验性化妆品配方中,乙醇、水杨酸和乙醇的组合具有明显的浓度依赖性眼刺激潜能效应:本文介绍的结果强调,有必要考虑对含有乙醇、乙醇酸和水杨酸组合的化妆品原型配方进行体外测试,而不是仅仅根据以前单独含有乙醇、乙醇酸或水杨酸的类似配方得出的结果来预测对眼部刺激的添加效应。要了解这些观察结果的意义,并阐明造成乙醇、水杨酸和乙醇明显协同作用的机制,以及我们的结果所显示的潜在眼刺激性,还需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"Evaluation of eye irritation potential of experimental cosmetic formulations containing glycolic acid, salicylic acid and ethanol using the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Assay.","authors":"R Labib, K Cantrell, G-E Costin, A L Milac, H Raabe, S Gettings","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2361334","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2361334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prototype cosmetic formulations containing short-chain acids and alcohols intended to be applied in the proximity of the eyes are sometimes evaluated for ocular irritation potential using the validated Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Assay (OECD TG 437). We evaluated the eye irritation potential of nine experimental cosmetic formulations designed and prepared by Avon Global Reserach and Development to differ only in the concentrations of Ethanol, Glycolic Acid and Salicylic Acid.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed the data generated using the BCOP assay. The opacity and permeability values obtained following the exposure of bovine corneas to experimental cosmetic formulations were combined into a single <i>In Vitro</i> Irritancy Score used to rank eye irritation potential. Histopathological examination of treated corneas was used to provide additional information about the depth and degree of the injury and to support the prediction of eye irritation potential of each experimental cosmetic formulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The <i>In Vitro</i> Irritancy Scores and histopathological analysis showed that experimental formulations containing only Ethanol, Glycolic Acid, or Salicylic Acid alone had, at most, a mild ocular irritation potential. The experimental formulations containing both Ethanol and Glycolic Acid had a mild ocular irritation potential, while the experimental formulations containing both Ethanol and Salicylic Acid had a moderate ocular irritation potential. Severe ocular irritation potential was induced by an experimental formulation containing a combination of Glycolic Acid and Salicylic Acid and it was further accentuated by the addition of Ethanol to the formulation. Our data indicate a possible synergistic effect on eye irritation potential of Ethanol, Glycolic Acid and Salicylic Acid in at least some experimental cosmetic formulations. Further, our results provide insight on an apparent concentration-dependent ocular irritation potential effect of combinations of Glycolic Acid, Salicylic Acid and Ethanol in at least one experimental cosmetic formulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results presented herein emphasise the need to consider <i>in vitro</i> testing of prototype cosmetic formulations containing combinations of Ethanol, Glycolic Acid and Salicylic Acid rather than relying on any predicted additive effect on ocular irritation based solely on previously generated results of similar formulations containing Ethanol, Glycolic Acid or Salicylic Acid alone. Further work is required to understand the significance of these observations and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the apparent synergistic effects of Glycolic Acid, Salicylic Acid and Ethanol and eye irritation potential suggested by our results.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"167-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unlocking the role of herbal cosmeceutical in anti-ageing and skin ageing associated diseases. 揭示草药药妆在抗衰老和皮肤老化相关疾病中的作用。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2380326
Prashant Kumar, Anurag Verma, Sumel Ashique, Mithun Bhowmick, Sourav Mohanto, Anita Singh, Madhu Gupta, Abhishek Gupta, Tanweer Haider

The process of skin ageing is a natural biological phenomenon characterised by the emergence of wrinkles, age spots, sagging skin, and dryness over time. The increasing significance of skin in physical attractiveness has heightened skincare concerns. Anti-ageing cosmetics play a pivotal role in nurturing the skin, enhancing its quality, and promoting overall health. Today, cosmetics have evolved beyond mere aesthetics and are now integral to individual wellness. The contemporary quest for perpetual youth has intensified, prompting a deeper exploration into the skin ageing process. This comprehensive exploration delves into various elements involved in skin ageing, encompassing cells such as stem and endothelial cells, blood vessels, soft tissues, and signalling pathways. The molecular basis of skin ageing, including biochemical factors like reactive oxygen species, damaged DNA, free radicals, ions, and proteins (mRNA), is scrutinised alongside relevant animal models. The article critically analyzes the outcomes of utilising herbal components, emphasising their advantageous anti-ageing properties. The factors contributing to skin ageing, mechanistic perspectives, management approaches involving herbal cosmeceutical, and associated complications (especially cardiovascular diseases, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, etc.) are succinctly addressed. In addition, the manuscript further summarises the recent patented innovations and toxicity of the herbal cosmeceuticals for anti-ageing and ageing associated disorders. Despite progress, further research is imperative to unlock the full potential of herbal components as anti-ageing agents.

皮肤老化是一种自然生理现象,其特点是随着时间的推移出现皱纹、老年斑、皮肤松弛和干燥。皮肤在外貌吸引力中的重要性与日俱增,这加剧了人们对护肤的关注。抗衰老化妆品在滋养皮肤、提高皮肤质量和促进整体健康方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。如今,化妆品已经超越了单纯的美学范畴,成为个人健康不可或缺的一部分。当代人对永葆青春的追求不断加强,促使人们对皮肤老化过程进行更深入的探索。本研究全面探讨了皮肤老化所涉及的各种因素,包括干细胞和内皮细胞等细胞、血管、软组织和信号通路。文章结合相关动物模型,仔细研究了皮肤老化的分子基础,包括活性氧、受损 DNA、自由基、离子和蛋白质(mRNA)等生化因素。文章批判性地分析了利用中草药成分的结果,强调了它们的抗衰老优势。文章简明扼要地论述了导致皮肤老化的因素、机理观点、涉及草药药妆的管理方法以及相关并发症(尤其是心血管疾病、帕金森氏症、老年痴呆症等)。此外,该手稿还进一步总结了草药药妆在抗衰老和衰老相关疾病方面的最新专利创新和毒性。尽管取得了进展,但要充分挖掘草药成分作为抗衰老剂的潜力,进一步的研究势在必行。
{"title":"Unlocking the role of herbal cosmeceutical in anti-ageing and skin ageing associated diseases.","authors":"Prashant Kumar, Anurag Verma, Sumel Ashique, Mithun Bhowmick, Sourav Mohanto, Anita Singh, Madhu Gupta, Abhishek Gupta, Tanweer Haider","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2380326","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2380326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The process of skin ageing is a natural biological phenomenon characterised by the emergence of wrinkles, age spots, sagging skin, and dryness over time. The increasing significance of skin in physical attractiveness has heightened skincare concerns. Anti-ageing cosmetics play a pivotal role in nurturing the skin, enhancing its quality, and promoting overall health. Today, cosmetics have evolved beyond mere aesthetics and are now integral to individual wellness. The contemporary quest for perpetual youth has intensified, prompting a deeper exploration into the skin ageing process. This comprehensive exploration delves into various elements involved in skin ageing, encompassing cells such as stem and endothelial cells, blood vessels, soft tissues, and signalling pathways. The molecular basis of skin ageing, including biochemical factors like reactive oxygen species, damaged DNA, free radicals, ions, and proteins (mRNA), is scrutinised alongside relevant animal models. The article critically analyzes the outcomes of utilising herbal components, emphasising their advantageous anti-ageing properties. The factors contributing to skin ageing, mechanistic perspectives, management approaches involving herbal cosmeceutical, and associated complications (especially cardiovascular diseases, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, etc.) are succinctly addressed. In addition, the manuscript further summarises the recent patented innovations and toxicity of the herbal cosmeceuticals for anti-ageing and ageing associated disorders. Despite progress, further research is imperative to unlock the full potential of herbal components as anti-ageing agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"211-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Human relevance of in vivo and in vitro skin irritation tests for hazard classification of pesticides. 体内和体外皮肤刺激试验与人类的相关性,用于农药危害分类。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2387596
Hans A Raabe, Gertrude-Emilia Costin, David G Allen, Anna Lowit, Marco Corvaro, Lindsay O'Dell, Julie Breeden-Alemi, Kathryn Page, Monique Perron, Tara Flint Silva, Walter Westerink, Elizabeth Baker, Kristie Sullivan

Background: Test methods to inform hazard characterization and labeling of pesticides to protect human health are typically conducted using laboratory animals, and for skin irritation/corrosion the rabbit Draize test is currently required by many regulatory agencies. Although the Draize test is generally regarded to provide protective classifications for human health, new approach methodologies (NAMs) have been developed that offer more human relevant models that circumvent the uncertainty associated with species differences that exist between rabbits and humans. Despite wide applicability and use of these test methods across a broad range of chemicals, they have not been widely adopted for testing pesticides and pesticidal formulations. One of the barriers to adoption of these methods in this sector is low concordance with results from the Draize rabbit test, particularly for chemicals within the mild to moderate irritation spectrum.

Methods: This review compares and contrasts the extent to which available models used in skin irritation testing mimic the anatomy and physiology of human skin, and how each aligns with the known key events leading to chemically-induced adverse skin irritation and corrosion. Doing so fully characterizes the human relevance of each method.

Results: As alternatives to the rabbit Draize test, several protocols using ex vivo, in chemico, and in vitro skin models are available as internationally harmonized test guidelines. These methods rely on a variety of models of human skin, including excised rodent skin, synthetic biochemical models of barrier function, cell culture systems, and reconstructed human tissue models. We find these models exhibit biological and mechanistic relevance aligned with human skin irritation responses. Further, recent retrospective analyses have shown that the reproducibility of the Draize test is less than 50% for mild and moderate responses, with many of the replicate predictions spanning more than one category (e.g., a moderate response reported in one study followed by a non-irritant response reported in another study).

Conclusions: Based on this comparative evaluation, we recommend top-down and bottom-up testing strategies that use the most human relevant in vitro test methods for skin irritation and corrosion classification of pesticides and pesticide formulations. To further discriminate among mild and non-irritant formulations, optimization of a cytokine release protocol and subsequent analyses of reference formulation test results is recommended.

背景:目前,许多监管机构都要求对皮肤刺激性/腐蚀性进行家兔 Draize 试验。尽管人们普遍认为 Draize 试验能提供对人类健康的保护性分类,但新的方法学(NAMs)已经开发出来,提供了更多与人类相关的模型,规避了兔子和人类之间存在的物种差异所带来的不确定性。尽管这些测试方法广泛适用于各种化学品,但在农药和农药制剂的测试中还没有被广泛采用。在这一领域采用这些方法的障碍之一是与 Draize 兔试验结果的一致性较低,尤其是轻度至中度刺激范围内的化学品:方法:本综述比较和对比了皮肤刺激测试中使用的现有模型在多大程度上模拟了人体皮肤的解剖和生理结构,以及每种模型如何与导致化学物质引起的不良皮肤刺激和腐蚀的已知关键事件保持一致。这样做可以充分说明每种方法与人体的相关性:作为兔德雷兹试验的替代方法,有几种使用体内外、化学和体外皮肤模型的方案可作为国际统一的试验指南。这些方法依赖于各种人体皮肤模型,包括切除的啮齿类动物皮肤、屏障功能合成生化模型、细胞培养系统和重建人体组织模型。我们发现这些模型与人体皮肤刺激反应具有生物学和机理上的相关性。此外,最近的回顾性分析表明,对于轻度和中度反应,Draize 试验的再现性不足 50%,许多重复预测跨越了一个以上的类别(例如,一项研究报告了中度反应,而另一项研究报告了非刺激性反应):根据这项比较评估,我们建议采用自上而下和自下而上的测试策略,使用与人体最相关的体外测试方法,对农药和农药制剂的皮肤刺激性和腐蚀性进行分类。为了进一步区分温和型和非刺激型制剂,建议优化细胞因子释放方案,并对参考制剂的测试结果进行后续分析。
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引用次数: 0
Biochemical and histopathological evaluation of systemic and ocular toxicity of favipiravir in rats. 法维拉韦对大鼠全身和眼部毒性的生化和组织病理学评估
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2300788
Delil Özcan, Fatih Özçelik, Renad Mammadov, Mehmet Aktaş, Fikret Altındağ, Abdurrahman Alpaslan Alkan, Murat Karapapak, Durdu Altuner, Halis Süleyman

Purpose: Favipiravir (FAV) used against COVID-19 is an antiviral drug that causes adverse reactions, such as hyperuricaemia, liver damage, and hematopoetic toxicity. The aim of the study was to investigate the systemic and ocular side-effects of FAV in rats, for the first time.Materials and methods: A total of 18 albino male Wistar rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into 3 groups as the healthy group (HG), the group given 50 mg/kg/day favipiravir (FAV50), and the group given 200 mg/kg/d favipiravir (FAV200). These doses were given to the experimental groups for one week. At the end of the experiment histopathological examinations were performed on the conjunctiva and sclera of the eye. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured in blood samples taken from rats. Results: Compared to HG, the MDA (1.37 ± 0.61 vs. 4.82 ± 1.40 µmol/mL), IL-1β (2.52 ± 1.14 vs. 6.67 ± 1.99 pg/mL), and TNF-α levels (3.28 ± 1.42 vs. 8.53 ± 3.06 pg/mL) of the FAV200 group were higher. The levels of tGSH (7.58 ± 1.98 vs. 2.50 ± 0.98 nmol/mL) and SOD (13.63 ± 3.43 vs. 3.81 ± 1.43 U/mL) the FAV200 group were lower than the HG (p < 0.05, for all). The degree of damage to the cornea and sclera of the FAV200 group was quite high according to HG (p < 0.001). Conclusions: FAV can cause damage to rat conjunctiva and sclera by increasing oxidant stress and inflammation at high dose.

目的法维拉韦(Favipiravir)是一种抗病毒药物,可引起高尿酸血症、肝损伤和造血毒性等不良反应。本研究旨在首次调查法非拉韦对大鼠全身和眼部的副作用:研究共使用了 18 只白化雄性 Wistar 大鼠。大鼠被分为 3 组,分别为健康组(HG)、法非拉韦 50 毫克/公斤/天组(FAV50)和法非拉韦 200 毫克/公斤/天组(FAV200)。实验组按上述剂量用药一周。实验结束时,对眼结膜和巩膜进行组织病理学检查。此外,还测量了大鼠血液样本中丙二醛(MDA)、总谷胱甘肽(tGSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的水平:与 HG 相比,FAV200 组的 MDA(1.37 ± 0.61 vs 4.82 ± 1.40 µmol/ml)、IL-1β(2.52 ± 1.14 vs 6.67 ± 1.99 pg/ml)和 TNF-α 水平(3.28 ± 1.42 vs 8.53 ± 3.06 pg/ml)更高。FAV200 组的 tGSH 水平(7.58 ± 1.98 vs 2.50 ± 0.98 nmol/ml)和 SOD 水平(13.63 ± 3.43 vs 3.81 ± 1.43 U/ml )均低于 HG 组(p 结论:FAV200 组与 HG 组相比,TNF-α 水平(3.28 ± 1.42 vs 8.53 ± 3.06 pg/ml)和 TNF-α 水平(3.28 ± 1.42 vs 8.53 ± 3.06 pg/ml)更高:大剂量法维拉韦可通过增加氧化应激和炎症对大鼠结膜和巩膜造成损伤。
{"title":"Biochemical and histopathological evaluation of systemic and ocular toxicity of favipiravir in rats.","authors":"Delil Özcan, Fatih Özçelik, Renad Mammadov, Mehmet Aktaş, Fikret Altındağ, Abdurrahman Alpaslan Alkan, Murat Karapapak, Durdu Altuner, Halis Süleyman","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2023.2300788","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2023.2300788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Favipiravir (FAV) used against COVID-19 is an antiviral drug that causes adverse reactions, such as hyperuricaemia, liver damage, and hematopoetic toxicity. The aim of the study was to investigate the systemic and ocular side-effects of FAV in rats, for the first time.<b>Materials and methods:</b> A total of 18 albino male Wistar rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into 3 groups as the healthy group (HG), the group given 50 mg/kg/day favipiravir (FAV50), and the group given 200 mg/kg/d favipiravir (FAV200). These doses were given to the experimental groups for one week. At the end of the experiment histopathological examinations were performed on the conjunctiva and sclera of the eye. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured in blood samples taken from rats. <b>Results:</b> Compared to HG, the MDA (1.37 ± 0.61 <i>vs.</i> 4.82 ± 1.40 µmol/mL), IL-1β (2.52 ± 1.14 <i>vs</i>. 6.67 ± 1.99 pg/mL), and TNF-α levels (3.28 ± 1.42 <i>vs</i>. 8.53 ± 3.06 pg/mL) of the FAV200 group were higher. The levels of tGSH (7.58 ± 1.98 <i>vs.</i> 2.50 ± 0.98 nmol/mL) and SOD (13.63 ± 3.43 <i>vs</i>. 3.81 ± 1.43 U/mL) the FAV200 group were lower than the HG (<i>p</i> < 0.05, for all). The degree of damage to the cornea and sclera of the FAV200 group was quite high according to HG (<i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> FAV can cause damage to rat conjunctiva and sclera by increasing oxidant stress and inflammation at high dose.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"105-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139086290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction. 更正。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2343978
{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2343978","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2343978","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of corneal endothelial cell morphology off and on treatment by specular microscopy in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 通过镜检显微镜评估患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的儿童和青少年在治疗期间和治疗后的角膜内皮细胞形态。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2303442
Hakan Koc, Bedia Sultan Önal, Esra Hoşoğlu

Purpose: To determine the structure and properties of corneal endothelial cells in children and adolescents with ADHD who received methylphenidate treatment at least six months.

Method: The prospective, observational study included 33 eyes of 33 patients diagnosed with ADHD who received methylphenidate treatment for at least six months, 33 eyes of 33 patients newly diagnosed with ADHD who did not start medication treatment, and 33 eyes of 33 healthy individuals. Average cell density, coefficient of variation, maximum cell area, normal cell area, minimum cell area, average cell area, and hexagonality ratio values were evaluated by non-contact specular microscopy. The parameters recorded in all three groups were compared.

Results: The average age of children in the ADHD + MPH, ADHD, and control groups is 9 ± 1.7, 8.9 ± 2.3, and 8.9 ± 1.8 years, respectively. (p > 0.05) The average MPH treatment dose is 0.94 ± 0.19 mg/kg, the average daily MPH intake is 34.12 ± 14.04 mg, and the average duration of use of MPH is 24.03 ± 12.46 months. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured as an average of 540.45 ± 31.23 in the ADHD + MPH group, 540.61 ± 29.69 in the ADHD group, and 546.58 ± 27.72 in the control group. (p = 0.499) The average coefficient of variation (CV) values were measured as 25.48 ± 4.22 in the ADHD + MPH group, 26.12 ± 3.48 in the ADHD group, and 26.12 ± 3.64 in the control group. (p = 0.491) The average hexagonality ratio (%) (HEX) values were measured as 69.45 ± 8.41 in the ADHD + MPH group, 68.21 ± 6.82 in the ADHD group, and 68.91 ± 7.97 in the control group. (p = 0.892) No statistically significant difference was observed between all three groups in terms of all parameters.

Conclusion: Methylphenidate treatment administered for at least six months with a diagnosis of ADHD did not have a toxic effect on the corneal endothelium.

目的:确定接受哌醋甲酯治疗至少六个月的多动症儿童和青少年角膜内皮细胞的结构和特性:这项前瞻性观察研究包括 33 名接受哌醋甲酯治疗至少 6 个月的多动症患者的 33 只眼睛、33 名新诊断为多动症但未开始接受药物治疗的患者的 33 只眼睛以及 33 名健康人的 33 只眼睛。通过非接触式镜面显微镜评估了平均细胞密度、变异系数、最大细胞面积、正常细胞面积、最小细胞面积、平均细胞面积和六边形比率值。对三组记录的参数进行了比较:ADHD+MPH组、ADHD组和对照组儿童的平均年龄分别为(9 ± 1.7)岁、(8.9 ± 2.3)岁和(8.9 ± 1.8)岁。(P>0.05)MPH的平均治疗剂量为0.94±0.19毫克/千克,MPH的平均日摄入量为34.12±14.04毫克,MPH的平均使用时间为24.03±12.46个月。经测量,ADHD + MPH 组的中央角膜厚度(CCT)平均为(540.45 ± 31.23),ADHD 组为(540.61 ± 29.69),对照组为(546.58 ± 27.72)。(p = 0.499) ADHD + MPH 组的平均变异系数 (CV) 值为 25.48 ± 4.22,ADHD 组为 26.12 ± 3.48,对照组为 26.12 ± 3.64。(p = 0.491) ADHD + MPH 组的平均六方比率(%)(HEX)值为(69.45 ± 8.41),ADHD 组为(68.21 ± 6.82),对照组为(68.91 ± 7.97)。(p = 0.892)在所有参数方面,三组之间均未观察到明显的统计学差异:结论:被诊断为多动症的患者接受至少六个月的哌醋甲酯治疗不会对角膜内皮产生毒性影响。
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引用次数: 0
The efficacy of HDDPiW-jSB solution on docetaxel-induced alopecia of rats. HDDPiW-jSB 溶液对多西他赛引起的大鼠脱发的疗效。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2300790
Bilgin Demir, Buket Demirci, Canten Tataroglu, Sabri Barutca, Duygu Barutca

Objective: Chemotherapy induced alopecia (CIA) is one of the most common side effects in cancer patients, however; it doesn't have an effective pharmacological treatment yet. In this study we aimed to research the protective effect of newly developed HDDPiW-jSB solution on docetaxel (DTX) -induced rat alopecia model.

Material and methods: Docetaxel (10 mg/kg/week) was administered to the 6-8 months old rats for three weeks. HDDPiW-jSB solution was applied once or twice a week for 4 weeks beginning prior to one week before DTX. Rat hair follicles were evaluated with hematoxylin-eosin and immune-histochemical staining.

Results: In the first stage of this study, alopecia was successfully developed by DTX (10 mg/kg/three times) application. In the second stage of the study, application of HDDPiW-jSB solution, did not change the study parameters significantly on control group. The solution improved the anagen hair follicle count and Bcl-2 levels in the skin samples of DTX-induced alopecic rat groups, especially when applied twice weekly. Additionally, level of Caspase 3 was decreased. HDDPiW-jSB solution was safe when applied on the skin.

Conclusion: Topical HDDPiW-jSB solution could be effective and safe for the protection of DTX-induced alopecia in rat models.

研究目的化疗诱导性脱发(CIA)是癌症患者最常见的副作用之一,但目前尚无有效的药物治疗方法。本研究旨在研究新开发的 HDDPiW-jSB 溶液对多西他赛(DTX)诱导的大鼠脱发模型的保护作用:给 6-8 个月大的大鼠注射多西他赛(10 毫克/千克/周)三周。HDDPiW-jSB 溶液在 DTX 一周前开始使用,每周一次或两次,连续使用 4 周。用苏木精-伊红和免疫组织化学染色法对大鼠毛囊进行评估:在该研究的第一阶段,使用 DTX(10 毫克/千克/三次)成功地导致了脱发。在研究的第二阶段,使用 HDDPiW-jSB 溶液并没有明显改变对照组的研究参数。该溶液改善了 DTX 诱导的脱发大鼠组皮肤样本中的新生毛囊数量和 Bcl-2 水平,尤其是在每周使用两次的情况下。此外,Caspase 3 的水平也有所下降。结论:外用 HDDPiW-jSB 溶液对皮肤是安全的:结论:外用 HDDPiW-jSB 溶液可有效、安全地保护 DTX 引起的脱发大鼠模型。
{"title":"The efficacy of HDDPiW-jSB solution on docetaxel-induced alopecia of rats.","authors":"Bilgin Demir, Buket Demirci, Canten Tataroglu, Sabri Barutca, Duygu Barutca","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2023.2300790","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2023.2300790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chemotherapy induced alopecia (CIA) is one of the most common side effects in cancer patients, however; it doesn't have an effective pharmacological treatment yet. In this study we aimed to research the protective effect of newly developed HDDPiW-jSB solution on docetaxel (DTX) -induced rat alopecia model.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Docetaxel (10 mg/kg/week) was administered to the 6-8 months old rats for three weeks. HDDPiW-jSB solution was applied once or twice a week for 4 weeks beginning prior to one week before DTX. Rat hair follicles were evaluated with hematoxylin-eosin and immune-histochemical staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the first stage of this study, alopecia was successfully developed by DTX (10 mg/kg/three times) application. In the second stage of the study, application of HDDPiW-jSB solution, did not change the study parameters significantly on control group. The solution improved the anagen hair follicle count and Bcl-2 levels in the skin samples of DTX-induced alopecic rat groups, especially when applied twice weekly. Additionally, level of Caspase 3 was decreased. HDDPiW-jSB solution was safe when applied on the skin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Topical HDDPiW-jSB solution could be effective and safe for the protection of DTX-induced alopecia in rat models.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"113-119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139097473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology
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