Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101581
The ferro-/ferricyanide couple has been extensively investigated as a redox species in various redox flow batteries (RFBs) due to its advantageous electrochemical properties, user-friendliness, and affordable cost. However, the high concentration and stability of ferro-/ferricyanide are important for developing high-energy density and long-cycle life RFBs. Different methods have been explored to increase its concentration through diverse ion effects and cation modification while also exploring the effects of pH, light, and air sensitivity on its stability. This review will provide an overview of recent research on the concentration enhancement of ferro-/ferricyanide and its stability for RFBs.
{"title":"Current status of ferro-/ferricyanide for redox flow batteries","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ferro-/ferricyanide couple has been extensively investigated as a redox species in various redox flow batteries (RFBs) due to its advantageous electrochemical properties, user-friendliness, and affordable cost. However, the high concentration and stability of ferro-/ferricyanide are important for developing high-energy density and long-cycle life RFBs. Different methods have been explored to increase its concentration through diverse ion effects and cation modification while also exploring the effects of pH, light, and air sensitivity on its stability. This review will provide an overview of recent research on the concentration enhancement of ferro-/ferricyanide and its stability for RFBs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101578
The recent integration of machine learning into materials design has revolutionized the understanding of structure–property relationships and optimization of material properties beyond the trial-and-error paradigm. On one hand, machine learning has significantly accelerated the development of atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) electrocatalysts, which traditionally heavily relied on heuristic approaches. On the other hand, the primary challenge of leveraging machine learning to expedite M-N-C materials discovery lies in the cost associated with data collection. We review recent machine learning integration strategies for M-N-C catalyst development, including discussions on the typical algorithms such as symbolic regression and convolutional neural networks employed for the theoretical design, synthesis optimization via active learning, and advanced microscopy characterization. Subsequently, we provide our perspective on potential near-future directions for furthering machine learning-assisted development of new M-N-C catalysts and elucidating the complex physicochemical mechanisms governing the selectivity, activity, and durability in this class of materials.
{"title":"Machine learning-guided design, synthesis, and characterization of atomically dispersed electrocatalysts","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recent integration of machine learning into materials design has revolutionized the understanding of structure–property relationships and optimization of material properties beyond the trial-and-error paradigm. On one hand, machine learning has significantly accelerated the development of atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) electrocatalysts, which traditionally heavily relied on heuristic approaches. On the other hand, the primary challenge of leveraging machine learning to expedite M-N-C materials discovery lies in the cost associated with data collection. We review recent machine learning integration strategies for M-N-C catalyst development, including discussions on the typical algorithms such as symbolic regression and convolutional neural networks employed for the theoretical design, synthesis optimization via active learning, and advanced microscopy characterization. Subsequently, we provide our perspective on potential near-future directions for furthering machine learning-assisted development of new M-N-C catalysts and elucidating the complex physicochemical mechanisms governing the selectivity, activity, and durability in this class of materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101579
Materials degradation is a major factor that limits the wider adoption of renewable and clean energy technologies. This is particularly true for the Pt group metal-free (PGM-free) atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) catalysts. While many experimental studies have investigated and reported the phenomenological aspects of M-N-C degradation, only a few modeling studies have considered degradation mechanisms at the atomic level. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for activity loss occurring in atomically dispersed M-N-C’s is crucial towards rationally designing active, durable, and less expensive Earth-abundant catalysts. Towards this end, we have surveyed recent literature concerning the modeling of corrosion mechanisms that impact M-N-C catalysts (Fe–N–C, in particular) and offer our own perspectives on the future direction of this field.
{"title":"Modeling oxygen reduction activity loss mechanisms in atomically dispersed Fe–N–C electrocatalysts","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Materials degradation is a major factor that limits the wider adoption of renewable and clean energy technologies. This is particularly true for the Pt group metal-free (PGM-free) atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) catalysts. While many experimental studies have investigated and reported the phenomenological aspects of M-N-C degradation, only a few modeling studies have considered degradation mechanisms at the atomic level. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for activity loss occurring in atomically dispersed M-N-C’s is crucial towards rationally designing active, durable, and less expensive Earth-abundant catalysts. Towards this end, we have surveyed recent literature concerning the modeling of corrosion mechanisms that impact M-N-C catalysts (Fe–N–C, in particular) and offer our own perspectives on the future direction of this field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101571
Coulombic efficiency (CE) is a crucial metric in battery research, particularly for aqueous Zinc (Zn)-metal batteries. Nonetheless, the accurate determination of Zn CE is complicated due to a lack of awareness about charge loss triggered by the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and non-standardized testing conditions. This study reveals the governing factors affecting the Zn CE measurement under different testing conditions, such as applied current density, Zn-plating capacity, and half-cell platforms. Through literature and experimental studies, it is evident that the Zn CE inherently increases with higher current densities and capacities. When decoupling the actual potentials of HER and Zn deposition, HER-triggered parasitic reactions can be self-suppressed owing to greater overpotential for HER than for Zn-plating at higher current densities. A consistent trend was observed when using different Zn salts and current collectors. This awareness can help standardize CE measuring protocols for validating novel concepts and materials.
库仑效率(CE)是电池研究中的一个重要指标,尤其是对于锌(Zn)金属水电池而言。然而,由于缺乏对氢进化反应(HER)引发的电荷损失的认识以及测试条件不规范,准确测定锌CE非常复杂。本研究揭示了不同测试条件下影响 Zn CE 测量的主要因素,如应用电流密度、镀锌容量和半电池平台。通过文献和实验研究发现,锌 CE 会随着电流密度和容量的增加而增加。如果将 HER 和 Zn 沉积的实际电位脱钩,由于在较高电流密度下 HER 的过电位大于 Zn 镀层的过电位,HER 触发的寄生反应可以自我抑制。在使用不同的锌盐和电流收集器时,观察到了一致的趋势。这种认识有助于标准化 CE 测量协议,以验证新概念和新材料。
{"title":"Current-mediated suppression of hydrogen evolution reaction in determination of Zn-metal Coulombic efficiency","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coulombic efficiency (CE) is a crucial metric in battery research, particularly for aqueous Zinc (Zn)-metal batteries. Nonetheless, the accurate determination of Zn CE is complicated due to a lack of awareness about charge loss triggered by the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and non-standardized testing conditions. This study reveals the governing factors affecting the Zn CE measurement under different testing conditions, such as applied current density, Zn-plating capacity, and half-cell platforms. Through literature and experimental studies, it is evident that the Zn CE inherently increases with higher current densities and capacities. When decoupling the actual potentials of HER and Zn deposition, HER-triggered parasitic reactions can be self-suppressed owing to greater overpotential for HER than for Zn-plating at higher current densities. A consistent trend was observed when using different Zn salts and current collectors. This awareness can help standardize CE measuring protocols for validating novel concepts and materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142076526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101570
The advancement of photocatalytic technologies requires complete system efficiency, and to this end, electrochemical sensors have the potential to complement and enhance the development of semiconductor catalyst and reactor design. A particular advantage of electroanalysis is that the sensors may be incorporated directly into photocatalytic reactors to allow real-time in situ analysis. This can then facilitate more accurate process control in the photocatalytic reactor. This report highlights the use of electroanalysis to monitor photocatalytic processes, considering applications where it has been used to date. Relevant properties of the sensors, with particular interest on sensitivity and response times are detailed alongside comparison to the more commonly used analytical techniques. It also explores the most recent progressions beyond monitoring photocatalytic remediation processes including photocatalytic valorization and reactive oxygen species monitoring.
{"title":"Electroanalysis as a method for monitoring photocatalytic processes: A perspective beyond remediation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The advancement of photocatalytic technologies requires complete system efficiency, and to this end, electrochemical sensors have the potential to complement and enhance the development of semiconductor catalyst and reactor design. A particular advantage of electroanalysis is that the sensors may be incorporated directly into photocatalytic reactors to allow real-time <em>in situ</em> analysis. This can then facilitate more accurate process control in the photocatalytic reactor. This report highlights the use of electroanalysis to monitor photocatalytic processes, considering applications where it has been used to date. Relevant properties of the sensors, with particular interest on sensitivity and response times are detailed alongside comparison to the more commonly used analytical techniques. It also explores the most recent progressions beyond monitoring photocatalytic remediation processes including photocatalytic valorization and reactive oxygen species monitoring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451910324001315/pdfft?md5=bb9fcdad05edbaf96150a6a478d57d99&pid=1-s2.0-S2451910324001315-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101569
Interfacial science and electroorganic syntheses are inextricably linked because all electrochemical reactions occur at the interface between the electrode and the solution. Thus, the surface chemistry of the electrode material impacts the organic reaction selectivity. In this short review, we highlight emergent examples of electrode surface chemistries that enable selective electroorganic synthesis in three reaction classes: (1) hydrogenation, (2) oxidation, and (3) reductive C–C bond formation between two electrophiles. We showcase the breadth of techniques, including materials and in-situ characterization, requisite to establish mechanistic schemes consistent with the observed reactivity patterns. Leveraging an electrode's unique surface chemistry will provide complementary approaches to tune the selectivity of electroorganic syntheses and unlock an electrode's catalytic properties.
{"title":"Interfacial science for electrosynthesis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interfacial science and electroorganic syntheses are inextricably linked because all electrochemical reactions occur at the interface between the electrode and the solution. Thus, the surface chemistry of the electrode material impacts the organic reaction selectivity. In this short review, we highlight emergent examples of electrode surface chemistries that enable selective electroorganic synthesis in three reaction classes: (1) hydrogenation, (2) oxidation, and (3) reductive C–C bond formation between two electrophiles. We showcase the breadth of techniques, including materials and <em>in-situ</em> characterization, requisite to establish mechanistic schemes consistent with the observed reactivity patterns. Leveraging an electrode's unique surface chemistry will provide complementary approaches to tune the selectivity of electroorganic syntheses and unlock an electrode's catalytic properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101567
This opinion addresses a basic impossibility to use Ni-containing and similar mediator electrocatalysts for fuel cell anodes if the fuel is organic, and air (or oxygen) is the oxidant. The reason is that oxidation onset potential is always higher than O2/H2O equilibrium potential. These anodes can operate in fuel cells with peroxide, but the voltages reported for direct urea peroxide fuel cells demonstrate contradiction with urea oxidation onset potentials. Ni-containing anodes for “boosting” in water electrolysis and in electrochemical reforming present more heathy research branch.
{"title":"Organic fuels oxidation: A common misunderstanding related to non-noble fuel cell catalysts","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This opinion addresses a basic impossibility to use Ni-containing and similar mediator electrocatalysts for fuel cell anodes if the fuel is organic, and air (or oxygen) is the oxidant. The reason is that oxidation onset potential is always higher than O<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O equilibrium potential. These anodes can operate in fuel cells with peroxide, but the voltages reported for direct urea peroxide fuel cells demonstrate contradiction with urea oxidation onset potentials. Ni-containing anodes for “boosting” in water electrolysis and in electrochemical reforming present more heathy research branch.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-29DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101564
Flexible and wearable electronics are poised to revolutionize various domains, but the practical implementation of these devices is hindered by the significant difficulty of energy storage devices. An effective solution can be found in the advancement of high-performance supercapacitors by developing with the qualities of being integrated, elastic, and self-healable, without requiring additional film layers. Hydrogels greatly contributed to achieving this owing to their interesting properties, conductivity, and flexibility. This short review explores the recent progressions in all-in-one supercapacitors powered by hydrogels, highlighting their functional mechanisms of self-healing, ion transmission, and synchronous deformation. We discussed the potential applications in wearable electronics, medical devices, and flexible energy storage systems, focusing on design optimization and new functionalities. Furthermore, we provide insights into future research directions, guiding the exploration of novel additives and achieving high and stable performance.
{"title":"Hydrogels-empowered all-in-one supercapacitors: Current insights and prospects","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flexible and wearable electronics are poised to revolutionize various domains, but the practical implementation of these devices is hindered by the significant difficulty of energy storage devices. An effective solution can be found in the advancement of high-performance supercapacitors by developing with the qualities of being integrated, elastic, and self-healable, without requiring additional film layers. Hydrogels greatly contributed to achieving this owing to their interesting properties, conductivity, and flexibility. This short review explores the recent progressions in all-in-one supercapacitors powered by hydrogels, highlighting their functional mechanisms of self-healing, ion transmission, and synchronous deformation. We discussed the potential applications in wearable electronics, medical devices, and flexible energy storage systems, focusing on design optimization and new functionalities. Furthermore, we provide insights into future research directions, guiding the exploration of novel additives and achieving high and stable performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141717333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-29DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101568
Dissolved iron in alkaline media is an important topic influencing a wide array of electrochemical reactions and most notably those occurring in alkaline water electrolysers. This work compiles the study techniques and strategies that have been used in the past few years to help tackle this challenging issue. Focus is made on iron solubility in the studied medias, the importance of using a quality reference electrolyte, where and how to measure iron content in the system, and also on what is agreed and what is debated concerning the influence of dissolved iron on the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, notably in the way these electrolyte impurities do enhance or alter the reactions kinetics.
{"title":"Dissolved iron in alkaline media: Techniques and insights for understanding its effects on water-splitting reactions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dissolved iron in alkaline media is an important topic influencing a wide array of electrochemical reactions and most notably those occurring in alkaline water electrolysers. This work compiles the study techniques and strategies that have been used in the past few years to help tackle this challenging issue. Focus is made on iron solubility in the studied medias, the importance of using a quality reference electrolyte, where and how to measure iron content in the system, and also on what is agreed and what is debated concerning the influence of dissolved iron on the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, notably in the way these electrolyte impurities do enhance or alter the reactions kinetics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451910324001297/pdfft?md5=5946439e4f747a61416437bb26aebdf4&pid=1-s2.0-S2451910324001297-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141637562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-29DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101566
In-situ growth of catalysts for water electrolysis has gained significant advancements recently, it involves cultivating active electrocatalysts on conductive substrates such as metal foams and carbon-based materials, the latter play a pivotal role in influencing the morphology and architecture of catalysts and offer enhanced conductivity, abundant active sites, and improved mass transport. Numerous studies have predominantly focused on evaluating specific catalyst materials within various classifications and their preparation methods, but without addressing roles of supports. This review focuses on substrate considerations, performance evaluations, and prospectives. It provides a deeper understanding of the various strategies employed for in-situ growth of electrocatalysts and emphasizes the importance of different conductive substrates with case studies on the factors that affect catalytic activity. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges towards practical applications under some challenging conditions are highlighted. This review provides valuable strategies for the further development of rational design of catalyst–substrate as an enabling electrode.
{"title":"Advancements in the in-situ growth of catalysts for water electrolysis: Substrate considerations, performance evaluations, and future perspectives","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In-situ growth of catalysts for water electrolysis has gained significant advancements recently, it involves cultivating active electrocatalysts on conductive substrates such as metal foams and carbon-based materials, the latter play a pivotal role in influencing the morphology and architecture of catalysts and offer enhanced conductivity, abundant active sites, and improved mass transport. Numerous studies have predominantly focused on evaluating specific catalyst materials within various classifications and their preparation methods, but without addressing roles of supports. This review focuses on substrate considerations, performance evaluations, and prospectives. It provides a deeper understanding of the various strategies employed for in-situ growth of electrocatalysts and emphasizes the importance of different conductive substrates with case studies on the factors that affect catalytic activity. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges towards practical applications under some challenging conditions are highlighted. This review provides valuable strategies for the further development of rational design of catalyst–substrate as an enabling electrode.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451910324001273/pdfft?md5=ee43d3018dce7f2b6528cf13ffa6633f&pid=1-s2.0-S2451910324001273-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141637561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}