Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101761
Justyna Kalisz, Emilia Stelmach, Krzysztof Maksymiuk, Agata Michalska
Ion-selective sensors are established electroanalytical tools. In most applications classical ion-selective membrane compositions dominate, it is well established that this composition assured excellent analytical performance of the sensor regardless of the construction used. However, the classical and highly successful ion-selective membrane composition is based on relatively toxic constituents. The new challenges in the field related to application of ion-selective sensors as point-of-need sensors, for example, intended to monitor analytes continuously in contact with the skin or body, require consideration of alternative materials to ensure biocompatibility and safety of these devices. This review summarizes different directions and approaches intended to make potentiometric sensors biocompatible.
{"title":"Toward biocompatible potentiometric sensors","authors":"Justyna Kalisz, Emilia Stelmach, Krzysztof Maksymiuk, Agata Michalska","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ion-selective sensors are established electroanalytical tools. In most applications classical ion-selective membrane compositions dominate, it is well established that this composition assured excellent analytical performance of the sensor regardless of the construction used. However, the classical and highly successful ion-selective membrane composition is based on relatively toxic constituents. The new challenges in the field related to application of ion-selective sensors as point-of-need sensors, for example, intended to monitor analytes continuously in contact with the skin or body, require consideration of alternative materials to ensure biocompatibility and safety of these devices. This review summarizes different directions and approaches intended to make potentiometric sensors biocompatible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101761"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101760
Hannah E. Holmes, Jinyu Guo, Dean M. Miller, William A. Tarpeh
Inorganic nitrogen species exhibit a wide spectrum of oxidation states and societal uses. Due to its control of oxidation states, electrochemistry is well-suited to the challenge of balancing the nitrogen cycle, which humans have drastically altered via chemical manufacturing, agriculture, and wastewater treatment. The wide variety of feedstocks that contain nitrogen species evinces a need for reactive electrochemical separations that integrate electrocatalysis to generate various species and electrochemical separations to purify them. We detail recent progress and cross-cutting insights in electrocatalysis with a focus on converting abundant reactants such as dinitrogen, ammonia, and nitrate; electrochemical separations that leverage electrochemical potential as a driving force along with various separation mechanisms (e.g., charge, volatility); and electrochemical reactive separations that leverage innovations in reactor architectures and key components. Currently, dinitrogen is reduced to ammonia, which is then oxidized to other nitrogen pathways. Electrocatalytic pathways that use reactants other than ammonia and that isolate unstable intermediates present challenging but impactful opportunities for innovation. As we consider lower-quality feedstocks that integrate environmental remediation and chemical manufacturing, selective membranes, electrodes, adsorbents, and processes will be required. For novel processes, molecular catalysts have been underutilized for treating low-grade feedstocks but can be applied in catalytic membranes or reactor architectures that extract reactants and facilitate catalysis in engineered microenvironments. Overall, opportunities abound for electrochemists and electrochemical engineers to apply their skill sets towards the critical challenge of creating circular nitrogen economies that sustain human health and environmental quality.
{"title":"Electrochemical reactive separations enable electrified nitrogen manufacturing and remediation","authors":"Hannah E. Holmes, Jinyu Guo, Dean M. Miller, William A. Tarpeh","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inorganic nitrogen species exhibit a wide spectrum of oxidation states and societal uses. Due to its control of oxidation states, electrochemistry is well-suited to the challenge of balancing the nitrogen cycle, which humans have drastically altered via chemical manufacturing, agriculture, and wastewater treatment. The wide variety of feedstocks that contain nitrogen species evinces a need for reactive electrochemical separations that integrate electrocatalysis to generate various species and electrochemical separations to purify them. We detail recent progress and cross-cutting insights in electrocatalysis with a focus on converting abundant reactants such as dinitrogen, ammonia, and nitrate; electrochemical separations that leverage electrochemical potential as a driving force along with various separation mechanisms (e.g., charge, volatility); and electrochemical reactive separations that leverage innovations in reactor architectures and key components. Currently, dinitrogen is reduced to ammonia, which is then oxidized to other nitrogen pathways. Electrocatalytic pathways that use reactants other than ammonia and that isolate unstable intermediates present challenging but impactful opportunities for innovation. As we consider lower-quality feedstocks that integrate environmental remediation and chemical manufacturing, selective membranes, electrodes, adsorbents, and processes will be required. For novel processes, molecular catalysts have been underutilized for treating low-grade feedstocks but can be applied in catalytic membranes or reactor architectures that extract reactants and facilitate catalysis in engineered microenvironments. Overall, opportunities abound for electrochemists and electrochemical engineers to apply their skill sets towards the critical challenge of creating circular nitrogen economies that sustain human health and environmental quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101760"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101759
Shouzhong Zou
Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (eCO2RR) is a promising approach to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere and produce value-added chemicals. Due to the high stability of CO2 and the complex reaction pathways, the selectivity and reaction rate of converting CO2 into high-value chemicals, especially multicarbon products, remain unsatisfactory for viable commercial applications. In conjunction with developing catalysts with high intrinsic activity and selectivity, engineering the microenvironment to which the catalysts are exposed has become a versatile and effective means to steer the reaction pathway toward desirable C2+ products with high selectivity and at a practically viable current density. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in steering eCO2RR toward C2+ on Cu-based catalysts through microenvironment engineering in the past two years. Selective examples are used to illustrate the efficacy of each microenvironment engineering approach. Perspectives on future research directions are also provided.
{"title":"Improving the selectivity of electrochemical CO2 reduction to multicarbon chemicals through microenvironment engineering","authors":"Shouzhong Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (eCO<sub>2</sub>RR) is a promising approach to reduce the concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere and produce value-added chemicals. Due to the high stability of CO<sub>2</sub> and the complex reaction pathways, the selectivity and reaction rate of converting CO<sub>2</sub> into high-value chemicals, especially multicarbon products, remain unsatisfactory for viable commercial applications. In conjunction with developing catalysts with high intrinsic activity and selectivity, engineering the microenvironment to which the catalysts are exposed has become a versatile and effective means to steer the reaction pathway toward desirable C<sub>2+</sub> products with high selectivity and at a practically viable current density. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in steering eCO<sub>2</sub>RR toward C<sub>2+</sub> on Cu-based catalysts through microenvironment engineering in the past two years. Selective examples are used to illustrate the efficacy of each microenvironment engineering approach. Perspectives on future research directions are also provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101759"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101752
Abdellatif Ait Lahcen , Kawtar Saidi , Aziz Amine
Electrosynthesized Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (e-MIPs) represent a key advancement in electrochemical sensing, thanks to their remarkable selectivity, stability, and ease of fabrication through electropolymerization. However, challenges remain, particularly regarding reproducibility and electrochemical stability, which hinder their practical application. This review critically analyzes the latest developments in e-MIP-based electrochemical sensors, emphasizing their advantages and drawbacks. It discusses cutting-edge electropolymerization methods, signal amplification techniques, and the incorporation of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and wearable sensors. By thoroughly examining recent innovations, this review aims to determine whether e-MIP-based electrochemical sensors constitute a meaningful breakthrough or if existing obstacles continue to limit their wider adoption.
{"title":"A critical review of electrosynthesized molecularly imprinted polymers in electrochemical sensing: Pros and cons","authors":"Abdellatif Ait Lahcen , Kawtar Saidi , Aziz Amine","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrosynthesized Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (e-MIPs) represent a key advancement in electrochemical sensing, thanks to their remarkable selectivity, stability, and ease of fabrication through electropolymerization. However, challenges remain, particularly regarding reproducibility and electrochemical stability, which hinder their practical application. This review critically analyzes the latest developments in e-MIP-based electrochemical sensors, emphasizing their advantages and drawbacks. It discusses cutting-edge electropolymerization methods, signal amplification techniques, and the incorporation of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and wearable sensors. By thoroughly examining recent innovations, this review aims to determine whether e-MIP-based electrochemical sensors constitute a meaningful breakthrough or if existing obstacles continue to limit their wider adoption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101752"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101751
Elena V. Suprun
Protein and peptide electroanalysis on solid electrodes is not limited to six ‘electroactive’ amino acid residues, but can involve almost all amino acids. In addition to the L-enantiomers of amino acids, the D-enantiomers should also be taken into account. The 3D-structure and large molecular weight affect electrochemical behavior of peptides and proteins compared to free amino acids. Voltammetry and amperometric flow-injection analysis allow one to detect protein molecules and to register their mutations, post-translational modifications, denaturation, degradation, aggregation, and complexation with metal ions by the oxidation signal of amino acid residues. Short-chain bioactive peptides should be considered as a new challenge for electrochemistry due to their wide range of biological activities and applications, including antioxidant, antihypertensive, antiobesity, antimicrobial, and anticancer.
{"title":"Electroanalysis of proteins and peptides via amino acid residues","authors":"Elena V. Suprun","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein and peptide electroanalysis on solid electrodes is not limited to six ‘electroactive’ amino acid residues, but can involve almost all amino acids. In addition to the L-enantiomers of amino acids, the D-enantiomers should also be taken into account. The 3D-structure and large molecular weight affect electrochemical behavior of peptides and proteins compared to free amino acids. Voltammetry and amperometric flow-injection analysis allow one to detect protein molecules and to register their mutations, post-translational modifications, denaturation, degradation, aggregation, and complexation with metal ions by the oxidation signal of amino acid residues. Short-chain bioactive peptides should be considered as a new challenge for electrochemistry due to their wide range of biological activities and applications, including antioxidant, antihypertensive, antiobesity, antimicrobial, and anticancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101751"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101750
Vernalyn Abarintos, Andrew Piper, Arben Merkoci
Electrochemical lateral flow assays (eLFAs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional colorimetric LFAs, particularly for applications requiring quantitative readouts and improved sensitivity. Over the past two years, significant advancements have been made in eLFA design, fabrication, and analytical performance, positioning them as promising candidates for decentralized diagnostics and point-of-care (POC) testing. This review highlights recent advances in electrode integration techniques, redox-based signal amplification strategies, and the incorporation of wireless and battery-free electrochemical readout platforms. Multiplexed detection and real-time wireless data transmission have also been demonstrated, further increasing the utility of eLFAs in clinical and field settings. Additionally, innovative strategies to control contact pressure, optimize sample flow, and maintain device stability are being explored to improve reproducibility and usability. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including biofouling, variability in sample matrices, and the need for standardized protocols across platforms.
{"title":"Electrochemical lateral flow assays: A new frontier for rapid and quantitative biosensing","authors":"Vernalyn Abarintos, Andrew Piper, Arben Merkoci","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical lateral flow assays (eLFAs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional colorimetric LFAs, particularly for applications requiring quantitative readouts and improved sensitivity. Over the past two years, significant advancements have been made in eLFA design, fabrication, and analytical performance, positioning them as promising candidates for decentralized diagnostics and point-of-care (POC) testing. This review highlights recent advances in electrode integration techniques, redox-based signal amplification strategies, and the incorporation of wireless and battery-free electrochemical readout platforms. Multiplexed detection and real-time wireless data transmission have also been demonstrated, further increasing the utility of eLFAs in clinical and field settings. Additionally, innovative strategies to control contact pressure, optimize sample flow, and maintain device stability are being explored to improve reproducibility and usability. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including biofouling, variability in sample matrices, and the need for standardized protocols across platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101750"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101749
Pythagore L. Kyabutwa , Nadiah Alyamni , Jandro L. Abot , Alexander G. Zestos
Heavy trace elements (HTEs), including toxic metals such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As), present a growing environmental and public health concern due to their persistence and bioaccumulation in water and soil systems. Driven by increased demand for strategic and rare earth metals in emerging technologies, anthropogenic activities such as mining, industrial discharge, and agriculture have intensified environmental contamination. Traditional detection methods such as (in situ and online) applications. This review highlights recent advances in standard electrochemical techniques, particularly voltammetric ones such as square wave voltammetry (SWV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), in addition to being non-voltammetric including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronopotentiometry methods enhanced by nanomaterials, including carbon nanomaterials: single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs); metal and metal oxide nanoparticles; polymer and hybrid nanocomposites; and metal organic frameworks (MOFs). These materials improve sensor sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and portability of standard electrochemical methods, making them ideal for real-time and in situ and online for HTEs. In this review article, current innovations in standard electrochemical techniques with nanomaterials and hybrid nanocomposites improving sensor architecture, functionalization, sensitivity and selectivity are discussed alongside performance metrics and limitations.
{"title":"Recent trends in electrochemical methods for real-time detection of heavy metals in water and soil: A review","authors":"Pythagore L. Kyabutwa , Nadiah Alyamni , Jandro L. Abot , Alexander G. Zestos","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy trace elements (HTEs), including toxic metals such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As), present a growing environmental and public health concern due to their persistence and bioaccumulation in water and soil systems. Driven by increased demand for strategic and rare earth metals in emerging technologies, anthropogenic activities such as mining, industrial discharge, and agriculture have intensified environmental contamination. Traditional detection methods such as (<em>in situ</em> and online) applications. This review highlights recent advances in standard electrochemical techniques, particularly voltammetric ones such as square wave voltammetry (SWV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), in addition to being non-voltammetric including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronopotentiometry methods enhanced by nanomaterials, including carbon nanomaterials: single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs); metal and metal oxide nanoparticles; polymer and hybrid nanocomposites; and metal organic frameworks (MOFs). These materials improve sensor sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and portability of standard electrochemical methods, making them ideal for real-time and <em>in situ</em> and online for HTEs. In this review article, current innovations in standard electrochemical techniques with nanomaterials and hybrid nanocomposites improving sensor architecture, functionalization, sensitivity and selectivity are discussed alongside performance metrics and limitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101749"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101745
Sondes Ben-Aissa, Suryasnata Tripathy, Anthony Edward George Cass
Applying biosensor technologies to continuous, real-time measurements in living creatures, including humans, offers an exciting range of possibilities for a better understanding of both normal physiology and disease. It also comes with a collection of technical, ethical and regulatory needs that render the transition of electrochemical biosensors from in vitro to in vivo exceptionally challenging. In this review, we address the advances in the components of implantable electrochemical biosensors. These include the integration of molecular recognition elements, materials design, supply of electrical power, fabrication of instrumentation packages and communications protocols. Significant challenges that remain include those associated with biocompatibility, sterility, device lifetime, calibration and user acceptability. Regulatory aspects whether of medical or consumer devices are essential to address and need to be an early consideration in device design, as are the use cases to which the implanted sensor will ultimately address.
{"title":"Implantable electrochemical biosensors: Challenges, strategies, and applications","authors":"Sondes Ben-Aissa, Suryasnata Tripathy, Anthony Edward George Cass","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Applying biosensor technologies to continuous, real-time measurements in living creatures, including humans, offers an exciting range of possibilities for a better understanding of both normal physiology and disease. It also comes with a collection of technical, ethical and regulatory needs that render the transition of electrochemical biosensors from in vitro to in vivo exceptionally challenging. In this review, we address the advances in the components of implantable electrochemical biosensors. These include the integration of molecular recognition elements, materials design, supply of electrical power, fabrication of instrumentation packages and communications protocols. Significant challenges that remain include those associated with biocompatibility, sterility, device lifetime, calibration and user acceptability. Regulatory aspects whether of medical or consumer devices are essential to address and need to be an early consideration in device design, as are the use cases to which the implanted sensor will ultimately address.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101745"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-16DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101748
Supratim Mahapatra, Daphika S. Dkhar, Ankur Singh, Pranjal Chandra
Glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) remain a cornerstone in electrochemical biosensing due to their conductivity, stability, and reliability for surface modifications. Incorporation of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) onto GCEs has significantly improved biosensor performance, particularly in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and signal transduction. Despite extensive applications using noble and transition metal nanostructures, a systematic understanding of how MNP characteristics such as morphology, composition, and deposition methods impact biosensing across enzymatic, immunological, and nucleic acid platforms remains underexplored. This review critically examines recent advances in MNP-GCE systems, emphasizing nanomaterial design, surface functionalization strategies, and incorporating emerging smart biosensing trends. It discusses the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for next-generation smart sensing applications. Key challenges such as reproducibility, real-sample compatibility, and commercial scalability are highlighted, along with future directions for advancing robust, intelligent biosensors for point-of-care and digital healthcare applications.
{"title":"Metallic nanoparticle-based glassy carbon electrodes for smart biosensing","authors":"Supratim Mahapatra, Daphika S. Dkhar, Ankur Singh, Pranjal Chandra","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) remain a cornerstone in electrochemical biosensing due to their conductivity, stability, and reliability for surface modifications. Incorporation of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) onto GCEs has significantly improved biosensor performance, particularly in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and signal transduction. Despite extensive applications using noble and transition metal nanostructures, a systematic understanding of how MNP characteristics such as morphology, composition, and deposition methods impact biosensing across enzymatic, immunological, and nucleic acid platforms remains underexplored. This review critically examines recent advances in MNP-GCE systems, emphasizing nanomaterial design, surface functionalization strategies, and incorporating emerging smart biosensing trends. It discusses the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for next-generation smart sensing applications. Key challenges such as reproducibility, real-sample compatibility, and commercial scalability are highlighted, along with future directions for advancing robust, intelligent biosensors for point-of-care and digital healthcare applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101748"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101747
Din Zelikovich , Pavel Savchenko , Daniel Mandler
The understanding that chemical reactions carried out under nanoconfinement behave significantly differently than in the bulk has motivated electrochemists to study electrochemical processes in nanometer-sized volumes. Significant work has been performed in nanopores where the reactants and products enter and leave at different places. This has been primarily applied to protein and DNA sequencing. Yet, fewer studies have been devoted to studying electrochemical reactions in nanocavities where there is only a single opening. This review summarizes the growing activity in this relatively new area, which includes the approaches for making nanocavities, the ways the nanocavities are analyzed, and the present and future applications.
{"title":"Confined electrochemistry in nanocavities: Perspective and techniques","authors":"Din Zelikovich , Pavel Savchenko , Daniel Mandler","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The understanding that chemical reactions carried out under nanoconfinement behave significantly differently than in the bulk has motivated electrochemists to study electrochemical processes in nanometer-sized volumes. Significant work has been performed in nanopores where the reactants and products enter and leave at different places. This has been primarily applied to protein and DNA sequencing. Yet, fewer studies have been devoted to studying electrochemical reactions in nanocavities where there is only a single opening. This review summarizes the growing activity in this relatively new area, which includes the approaches for making nanocavities, the ways the nanocavities are analyzed, and the present and future applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101747"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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