Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101782
Qian Lu , Xiaohong Zou , Ying Wang , Zongping Shao
Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) hold significant promise for next-generation energy storage due to their high theoretical energy density, inherent safety, and low cost. Nevertheless, commercialization is impeded by sluggish oxygen redox kinetics at air cathodes, which causes substantial charge–discharge polarization and low round-trip efficiency. While existing bifunctional catalysts struggle to balance activity and stability, Ru-based catalysts have emerged as a transformative solution by optimizing electronic structures to facilitate oxygen intermediate adsorption/desorption. This review examines recent advances in Ru-based catalysts, categorizing strategies into composites, compounds, and single-atom supported catalysts. We analyze the roles of compositing, doping, and support engineering in enhancing activity–stability synergy, extracting design principles for each category. Furthermore, we outline key research directions including ultralow Ru loading, multi-site synergy, and corrosion mitigation. By mapping cost-activity–stability relationships and identifying development pathways, this work provides a roadmap toward industrial ZAB deployment for Ru-based catalysts.
{"title":"Recent advance of Ru-based bifunctional electrocatalysts for Zn–air batteries","authors":"Qian Lu , Xiaohong Zou , Ying Wang , Zongping Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) hold significant promise for next-generation energy storage due to their high theoretical energy density, inherent safety, and low cost. Nevertheless, commercialization is impeded by sluggish oxygen redox kinetics at air cathodes, which causes substantial charge–discharge polarization and low round-trip efficiency. While existing bifunctional catalysts struggle to balance activity and stability, Ru-based catalysts have emerged as a transformative solution by optimizing electronic structures to facilitate oxygen intermediate adsorption/desorption. This review examines recent advances in Ru-based catalysts, categorizing strategies into composites, compounds, and single-atom supported catalysts. We analyze the roles of compositing, doping, and support engineering in enhancing activity–stability synergy, extracting design principles for each category. Furthermore, we outline key research directions including ultralow Ru loading, multi-site synergy, and corrosion mitigation. By mapping cost-activity–stability relationships and identifying development pathways, this work provides a roadmap toward industrial ZAB deployment for Ru-based catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101782"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101783
Zubair Ahmed, Marek Mooste, Kaido Tammeveski
Secondary Zn-air battery (ZAB), also known as rechargeable ZAB, is one of the most viable alternatives for Li-ion batteries for light transportation, electric vehicles, and portable electronics. Therefore, its development potential is significant, but at present it is limited mainly by the need for platinum-group-metal (PGM)-based air electrode materials to catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). MN4 macrocyclic complexes, which have a central metal atom coordinated to surrounding nitrogen atoms, have emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to PGM-based catalysts for the ZAB air electrode, creating an intense and competitive research field. This review summarizes the most important MN4 macrocycle-derived air electrode catalyst developments in recent years for rechargeable ZABs, while also highlighting some critical issues.
{"title":"Transition metal MN4 macrocycle-derived bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalysts for air electrodes in rechargeable zinc-air batteries","authors":"Zubair Ahmed, Marek Mooste, Kaido Tammeveski","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Secondary Zn-air battery (ZAB), also known as rechargeable ZAB, is one of the most viable alternatives for Li-ion batteries for light transportation, electric vehicles, and portable electronics. Therefore, its development potential is significant, but at present it is limited mainly by the need for platinum-group-metal (PGM)-based air electrode materials to catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). MN<sub>4</sub> macrocyclic complexes, which have a central metal atom coordinated to surrounding nitrogen atoms, have emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to PGM-based catalysts for the ZAB air electrode, creating an intense and competitive research field. This review summarizes the most important MN<sub>4</sub> macrocycle-derived air electrode catalyst developments in recent years for rechargeable ZABs, while also highlighting some critical issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101783"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101784
Zhongxi Zhao , Yongfu Liu , Jianwen Yu , Jiangfeng Huang , Junshuo Lian , Yaoming Leng , Peng Tan
The application of rechargeable zinc-air batteries (RZABs) is hindered by sluggish oxygen reaction kinetics at air electrodes and poor reversibility of zinc electrodes. This work analyzes the fundamental issues limiting the practical implementation of RZABs and proposes a practical application-oriented performance evaluation framework. For air electrodes, in-situ gas monitoring techniques are critically needed to accurately distinguish the electrochemical reaction pathways during the charging process of transition metal catalysts and the competitive mechanisms between carbon corrosion and oxygen evolution reactions. With respect to zinc electrodes, conventional low depth of discharge (DOD) testing conditions mask irreversible capacity loss under practical high-DOD (>20 %) operation, necessitating the establishment of a “limited zinc-high DOD” system to reliably assess electrode performance. Furthermore, full-cell design requires optimization of key parameters. The standardized evaluation framework proposed herein not only provides critical guidance for the industrialization of RZABs but also can be extended to other metal-air battery systems.
{"title":"Critical metrics for practical application-oriented rechargeable zinc-air batteries","authors":"Zhongxi Zhao , Yongfu Liu , Jianwen Yu , Jiangfeng Huang , Junshuo Lian , Yaoming Leng , Peng Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of rechargeable zinc-air batteries (RZABs) is hindered by sluggish oxygen reaction kinetics at air electrodes and poor reversibility of zinc electrodes. This work analyzes the fundamental issues limiting the practical implementation of RZABs and proposes a practical application-oriented performance evaluation framework. For air electrodes, in-situ gas monitoring techniques are critically needed to accurately distinguish the electrochemical reaction pathways during the charging process of transition metal catalysts and the competitive mechanisms between carbon corrosion and oxygen evolution reactions. With respect to zinc electrodes, conventional low depth of discharge (DOD) testing conditions mask irreversible capacity loss under practical high-DOD (>20 %) operation, necessitating the establishment of a “limited zinc-high DOD” system to reliably assess electrode performance. Furthermore, full-cell design requires optimization of key parameters. The standardized evaluation framework proposed herein not only provides critical guidance for the industrialization of RZABs but also can be extended to other metal-air battery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101784"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101780
Abdudin Temam , Assumpta C. Nwanya , Nisrin Alnaim , Joshua Chidiebere Mba , Adil Alshoaibi , Chunyu Zhu , Paul M. Ejikeme , Fabian I. Ezema
Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) have been touted as promising energy storage device because of their high energy density, abundance, and inherent safety. However, their commercialization is significantly hampered by zinc dendrites during the charge-discharge processes. The dendrite formation causes short circuits, increases internal resistances, and reduces the durability of the battery. This review systematically explores surface engineering strategies for regulating zinc nucleation behaviour and suppressing the dendrite growth at the anode interface. Strategies involving protective coatings, electrolyte additives, and interfacial structure optimization are discussed comprehensively. The role of surface chemistry, material architecture, and ion transport kinetics in mitigating dendrite formation is critically evaluated. We also critically understand the concepts required to realize uniform zinc deposition and enhance cycling stability. This review presents a comprehensive insight into the challenges and recent progress in dendrite control, and strategic insights into developing high-performance zinc–air batteries.
{"title":"Surface engineering and dendrite control of zinc anodes for efficient zinc-air batteries","authors":"Abdudin Temam , Assumpta C. Nwanya , Nisrin Alnaim , Joshua Chidiebere Mba , Adil Alshoaibi , Chunyu Zhu , Paul M. Ejikeme , Fabian I. Ezema","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) have been touted as promising energy storage device because of their high energy density, abundance, and inherent safety. However, their commercialization is significantly hampered by zinc dendrites during the charge-discharge processes. The dendrite formation causes short circuits, increases internal resistances, and reduces the durability of the battery. This review systematically explores surface engineering strategies for regulating zinc nucleation behaviour and suppressing the dendrite growth at the anode interface. Strategies involving protective coatings, electrolyte additives, and interfacial structure optimization are discussed comprehensively. The role of surface chemistry, material architecture, and ion transport kinetics in mitigating dendrite formation is critically evaluated. We also critically understand the concepts required to realize uniform zinc deposition and enhance cycling stability. This review presents a comprehensive insight into the challenges and recent progress in dendrite control, and strategic insights into developing high-performance zinc–air batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101780"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101781
Yawen Hao , Qian Zhang , Yu Yang , Fengwang Li , Aoni Xu
Alkaline water electrolysis enables low-cost hydrogen production with non-precious catalysts but suffers from sluggish water dissociation and complex interfacial proton transport. In this perspective, we first summarize how catalyst design strategies are guided by an expanding set of mechanistic insights, including reaction pathway modulation, interface engineering, and microenvironment control to enhance intrinsic activity at the active site. We then address the principal barrier to implementation: the evaluation challenge, where catalysts that show promise under simplified, low-current-density laboratory conditions often fail when subjected to the harsh, high-current-density environment of an industrial stack. This work argues that bridging these 'active sites to stacks' divide necessitates a methodological shift toward harmonized, device-relevant benchmarking to create a reliable feedback loop between catalyst design and practical application. Adopting this integrated approach is essential for accelerating the deployment of durable, high-performance catalysts capable of achieving scalable, cost-effective hydrogen production.
{"title":"Translating mechanistic insights into industrially relevant performance for alkaline hydrogen evolution","authors":"Yawen Hao , Qian Zhang , Yu Yang , Fengwang Li , Aoni Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkaline water electrolysis enables low-cost hydrogen production with non-precious catalysts but suffers from sluggish water dissociation and complex interfacial proton transport. In this perspective, we first summarize how catalyst design strategies are guided by an expanding set of mechanistic insights, including reaction pathway modulation, interface engineering, and microenvironment control to enhance intrinsic activity at the active site. We then address the principal barrier to implementation: the evaluation challenge, where catalysts that show promise under simplified, low-current-density laboratory conditions often fail when subjected to the harsh, high-current-density environment of an industrial stack. This work argues that bridging these 'active sites to stacks' divide necessitates a methodological shift toward harmonized, device-relevant benchmarking to create a reliable feedback loop between catalyst design and practical application. Adopting this integrated approach is essential for accelerating the deployment of durable, high-performance catalysts capable of achieving scalable, cost-effective hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101781"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101779
Laura Scarpetta-Pizo , Luis Acuña-Saavedra , Ingrid Ponce , José H. Zagal
Molecular catalysts, like metal complexes such as MN4 or MNx molecular catalysts exhibit several reactivity descriptors: (i) the M−O2 binding energy, (ii) the M(III)OH/(II) formal potential, (iii) the number of d-electrons in the MN4, (iv) the donor (M)-acceptor intermolecular hardness, and (v) π-electron graphene-MN4 delocalization factor. When oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, expressed as (log j)E at constant potential, is plotted versus adsorption energy (Ead) or versus the formal potential E°’M(III)/(II), the trends exhibit symmetrical volcano correlations. In this work, we consolidate and extend the concept of electrochemical hardness (ΔEh) as a reactivity descriptor for MN4 molecular catalysts. This descriptor is defined as the potential separation between the two central formal potentials exhibited by surface-anchored MN4 molecular catalysts in the absence of O2 in aqueous media. The catalytic activity for ORR increases as ΔEh decreases, suggesting that for highly active catalysis, the two redox one-electron reversible processes tend to a minimum or even overlap. All these reactivity descriptors are not independent from each other and are closely related.
{"title":"Electrochemical hardness: A reactivity descriptor for the electrocatalytic activity of MN4 molecular catalysts for the reduction of O2 in aqueous media","authors":"Laura Scarpetta-Pizo , Luis Acuña-Saavedra , Ingrid Ponce , José H. Zagal","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molecular catalysts, like metal complexes such as MN<sub>4</sub> or MN<sub>x</sub> molecular catalysts exhibit several reactivity descriptors: (i) the M−O<sub>2</sub> binding energy, (ii) the M(III)OH/(II) formal potential, (iii) the number of <em>d-</em>electrons in the MN4, (iv) the donor (M)-acceptor intermolecular hardness, and (v) π-electron graphene-MN4 delocalization factor. When oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, expressed as (log <em>j</em>)<sub>E</sub> at constant potential, is plotted versus adsorption energy (<em>E</em><sub>ad</sub>) or versus the formal potential <em>E</em>°’M(III)/(II), the trends exhibit symmetrical volcano correlations. In this work, we consolidate and extend the concept of <em>electrochemical hardness (ΔE</em><sup><em>h</em></sup><em>)</em> as a reactivity descriptor for MN<sub>4</sub> molecular catalysts. This descriptor is defined as the potential separation between the two central formal potentials exhibited by surface-anchored MN4 molecular catalysts in the absence of O<sub>2</sub> in aqueous media. The catalytic activity for ORR increases as <em>ΔE</em><sup><em>h</em></sup> decreases, suggesting that for highly active catalysis, the two redox one-electron reversible processes tend to a minimum or even overlap. All these reactivity descriptors are not independent from each other and are closely related.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101779"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101778
Jérémie Gouyon, Grégoire Herzog, Alain Walcarius
The performance of an analytical method is strongly influenced by the nature of the sample considered and its possible fluctuations in its physicochemical properties. In situ pH control is a means of maintaining optimum detection conditions, particularly in the case of electrochemical analyses. We highlight emerging approaches regarding in situ electrochemical pH modulation strategies, from water splitting to proton-pumping systems, implemented across different spatial scales. Particular emphasis is placed on designs and strategies, such as enhanced local control enabled by interdigitated electrode arrays and microdroplet platforms. We discuss miniaturized and flow-based systems, how they work in the presence of interfering agents, and the growing integration of complementary detection modes (e.g. optodes, electrochemical sensors, generator/collector modes). This review outlines the evolving environment of in situ pH control for future analytical technologies.
{"title":"In situ electrochemical pH modulation for the development of electroanalytical tools","authors":"Jérémie Gouyon, Grégoire Herzog, Alain Walcarius","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance of an analytical method is strongly influenced by the nature of the sample considered and its possible fluctuations in its physicochemical properties. <em>In situ</em> pH control is a means of maintaining optimum detection conditions, particularly in the case of electrochemical analyses. We highlight emerging approaches regarding <em>in situ</em> electrochemical pH modulation strategies, from water splitting to proton-pumping systems, implemented across different spatial scales. Particular emphasis is placed on designs and strategies, such as enhanced local control enabled by interdigitated electrode arrays and microdroplet platforms. We discuss miniaturized and flow-based systems, how they work in the presence of interfering agents, and the growing integration of complementary detection modes (<em>e.g.</em> optodes, electrochemical sensors, generator/collector modes). This review outlines the evolving environment of <em>in situ</em> pH control for future analytical technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101778"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101777
Kelly Brown , Anaam Ameen , Lynn Dennany
The detection of illicit substances has always presented hurdles for analytical chemistry, and the evolution of new psychoactive substances has increased the challenging nature for screening and detection within the forensic community. Electrochemical-based sensors offer many advantages that can be exploited by the forensic community for both screening and detecting illicit substances from both street and toxicological samples. This review provides an overview of selected recent publications related to the advancements and emerging trends of electrochemical sensors and their application to forensic drug analysis and gives opinions on the technical developments and the progression of these sensors within the field.
{"title":"Electrochemical-based detection of drugs of abuse: recent advances and emerging trends","authors":"Kelly Brown , Anaam Ameen , Lynn Dennany","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection of illicit substances has always presented hurdles for analytical chemistry, and the evolution of new psychoactive substances has increased the challenging nature for screening and detection within the forensic community. Electrochemical-based sensors offer many advantages that can be exploited by the forensic community for both screening and detecting illicit substances from both street and toxicological samples. This review provides an overview of selected recent publications related to the advancements and emerging trends of electrochemical sensors and their application to forensic drug analysis and gives opinions on the technical developments and the progression of these sensors within the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101777"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101776
Partha Pratim Goswami, Shiv Govind Singh
Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as an exciting solution for qualitative and quantitative detection of different targets, aiming at state-of-the-art systems for personalised healthcare, environmental, toxicology analysis and therapeutic monitoring, etc. These biosensors are rapid and sensitive with ultra-low detection limits and are available at low cost, making them potential candidates for large-scale deployment. Furthermore, the strategic design from scratch of such a biosensor could enable a platform technology that can easily be carried forward to similar sensor development across different related applications. Ultimately, the realisation of a point-of-care electrochemical biosensor system would urge an updated design of electrodes, high performance in terms of major sensing matrices, assembly of circuit readout, and better stability cum reproducibility. However, achieving a real on-field demonstration necessitates clinical cross-validation to enable sufficient confidence in the developed technology. From a technical perspective, these sensors encompass a broad spectrum of techniques — spanning classical electrochemical methods (Voltammetry, Amperometry, Potentiometry, etc.), interfacial interrogation (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Chrono coulometry, Conductometry, etc.), and coupled/transduction-based measurements (Electrochemiluminescence, Photoelectrochemistry, etc.) — thereby underscoring their scientific rigour, versatility, and applicability across diverse biosensing platforms. Considering these facts, this review paper describes the recent developments in electrochemical biosensors, covering the thematic advances of the individual components toward point-of-care technology. The discussion evolves from the preliminary familiarisation of the individual components and their current trend to some advanced application-specific recent developments, finally concluded by a comprehensive table of key references elaborating on key achievements, challenges, and proposed ways to address them.
{"title":"Electrochemical biosensors: A prospective insight to recent developments and future directions","authors":"Partha Pratim Goswami, Shiv Govind Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as an exciting solution for qualitative and quantitative detection of different targets, aiming at state-of-the-art systems for personalised healthcare, environmental, toxicology analysis and therapeutic monitoring, etc. These biosensors are rapid and sensitive with ultra-low detection limits and are available at low cost, making them potential candidates for large-scale deployment. Furthermore, the strategic design from scratch of such a biosensor could enable a platform technology that can easily be carried forward to similar sensor development across different related applications. Ultimately, the realisation of a point-of-care electrochemical biosensor system would urge an updated design of electrodes, high performance in terms of major sensing matrices, assembly of circuit readout, and better stability cum reproducibility. However, achieving a real on-field demonstration necessitates clinical cross-validation to enable sufficient confidence in the developed technology. From a technical perspective, these sensors encompass a broad spectrum of techniques — spanning classical electrochemical methods (Voltammetry, Amperometry, Potentiometry, etc.), interfacial interrogation (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Chrono coulometry, Conductometry, etc.), and coupled/transduction-based measurements (Electrochemiluminescence, Photoelectrochemistry, etc.) — thereby underscoring their scientific rigour, versatility, and applicability across diverse biosensing platforms. Considering these facts, this review paper describes the recent developments in electrochemical biosensors, covering the thematic advances of the individual components toward point-of-care technology. The discussion evolves from the preliminary familiarisation of the individual components and their current trend to some advanced application-specific recent developments, finally concluded by a comprehensive table of key references elaborating on key achievements, challenges, and proposed ways to address them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101776"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101775
Adil Alshoaibi , Iheke Micheal Nwachukwu
Rechargeable zinc–air batteries (RZABs) offer high energy density, low cost, and environmental safety, positioning them as leading candidates for next-generation electrochemical energy storage. However, conventional ZABs lack the mechanical flexibility required for integration into wearable devices, electronic textiles, and soft robotics. The main scope of this review is the rational presentation of driven innovations in RZABs for applications as flexible, wearable devices and grid-scale electrochemical energy storage systems. A section dedicated to cross-disciplinary approaches and emerging fabrication techniques, with an emphasis on their influence in advancing stability, scalability, and biocompatibility, is summarized herein. Finally, outlooks on sustainability, commercialization, and future advancement of the RZABs towards practical large-scale applications are recapitulated.
{"title":"Design-driven innovation in zinc-air battery architecture: Toward flexible, wearable, and grid-scale applications","authors":"Adil Alshoaibi , Iheke Micheal Nwachukwu","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rechargeable zinc–air batteries (RZABs) offer high energy density, low cost, and environmental safety, positioning them as leading candidates for next-generation electrochemical energy storage. However, conventional ZABs lack the mechanical flexibility required for integration into wearable devices, electronic textiles, and soft robotics. The main scope of this review is the rational presentation of driven innovations in RZABs for applications as flexible, wearable devices and grid-scale electrochemical energy storage systems. A section dedicated to cross-disciplinary approaches and emerging fabrication techniques, with an emphasis on their influence in advancing stability, scalability, and biocompatibility, is summarized herein. Finally, outlooks on sustainability, commercialization, and future advancement of the RZABs towards practical large-scale applications are recapitulated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101775"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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