Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101622
C. Gómez-Sacedón , A.R. González-Elipe , V. Rodríguez-Pintor , J.M. Luque-Centeno , F. Yubero , J. Gil-Rostra , A. de Lucas-Consuegra
Magnetron sputtering (MS) is an emerging technique to prepare electrocatalysts for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions that take place in alkaline water electrolysis. It is a physical vapour deposition method that provides a strict control over the composition, chemical state, and microstructure. It permits to adjust complex stoichiometries and guarantees reproducibility. This technology allows to deposit electrocatalysts on suitable current collectors to get anode and cathode electrodes in a one-step process. Furthermore, MS is an environment friendly technology with easy scalability for industrial electrode production. Additionally, when operated in an oblique angle deposition configuration, it allows precise control of the microstructure of the deposits that can be tuned from compact to mesoporous. On this brief review we discuss recent studies on the field showing the possibility of using MS for the preparation of catalyst layers with complex compositions, bi-layer structure configurations, and bimetallic, trimetallic, and multicomponent alloys.
{"title":"Recent advances in electrocatalysts fabrication by magnetron sputtering for alkaline water electrolysis","authors":"C. Gómez-Sacedón , A.R. González-Elipe , V. Rodríguez-Pintor , J.M. Luque-Centeno , F. Yubero , J. Gil-Rostra , A. de Lucas-Consuegra","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetron sputtering (MS) is an emerging technique to prepare electrocatalysts for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions that take place in alkaline water electrolysis. It is a physical vapour deposition method that provides a strict control over the composition, chemical state, and microstructure. It permits to adjust complex stoichiometries and guarantees reproducibility. This technology allows to deposit electrocatalysts on suitable current collectors to get anode and cathode electrodes in a one-step process. Furthermore, MS is an environment friendly technology with easy scalability for industrial electrode production. Additionally, when operated in an oblique angle deposition configuration, it allows precise control of the microstructure of the deposits that can be tuned from compact to mesoporous. On this brief review we discuss recent studies on the field showing the possibility of using MS for the preparation of catalyst layers with complex compositions, bi-layer structure configurations, and bimetallic, trimetallic, and multicomponent alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101622"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101633
Xiaoyu Huo , Xingyi Shi , Qing Wang , Yikai Zeng , Liang An
Aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) have attracted lots of attention as powerful and durable technologies for sustainable energy storage. However, the wide adoptions of ARFBs still face the challenge of restrained voltage output due to the limited electrochemical stable window of water. As a prospective solution, the pH-decoupling strategy, which uses positive and negative electrolytes with different pH values, has been proven to overcome the thermodynamic limit of water and expand the operational voltage range of the ARFBs. This review outlines the recent advancements in different types of pH-decoupling ARFBs, including the two-chamber system, three-chamber system, and decoupled system with independent pH recovery function. The merits and technical challenges for being highlighted to assess the application potentials of each system design. Furthermore, insights for future research directions are provided to guide further system enhancement and promote the development of stable pH-decoupling ARFBs.
{"title":"High-voltage pH-decoupling aqueous redox flow batteries for future energy storage","authors":"Xiaoyu Huo , Xingyi Shi , Qing Wang , Yikai Zeng , Liang An","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) have attracted lots of attention as powerful and durable technologies for sustainable energy storage. However, the wide adoptions of ARFBs still face the challenge of restrained voltage output due to the limited electrochemical stable window of water. As a prospective solution, the pH-decoupling strategy, which uses positive and negative electrolytes with different pH values, has been proven to overcome the thermodynamic limit of water and expand the operational voltage range of the ARFBs. This review outlines the recent advancements in different types of pH-decoupling ARFBs, including the two-chamber system, three-chamber system, and decoupled system with independent pH recovery function. The merits and technical challenges for being highlighted to assess the application potentials of each system design. Furthermore, insights for future research directions are provided to guide further system enhancement and promote the development of stable pH-decoupling ARFBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101633"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101607
Laura Titheridge , Shailendra K. Sharma , Anouk Soisson , Christina Roth , Aaron T. Marshall
There is growing interest in anion exchange membrane water electrolysers (AEMWE) as the need for lower-cost, green H2 production technologies compatible with intermittent variable renewable energy sources grows. Especially given their unique ability to utilise low-cost, non-PGM materials in the alkaline environment, enabling them to readily lower system capital cost and avoid problems from material criticality. This review outlines recent advances in understanding the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in AEMWEs, specifically the influence of catalyst-coated substrate (CCS) and catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) assembly methods on cell performance and durability. The aim of this review is to identify the current level of material and cell assembly development and highlight aspects that would benefit from further work in order to demonstrate the technological and cost feasibility of AEMWE and direct them toward commercial viability.
{"title":"Recent advances in understanding catalyst coated membranes vs catalyst coated substrates for AEM electrolysers","authors":"Laura Titheridge , Shailendra K. Sharma , Anouk Soisson , Christina Roth , Aaron T. Marshall","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is growing interest in anion exchange membrane water electrolysers (AEMWE) as the need for lower-cost, green H<sub>2</sub> production technologies compatible with intermittent variable renewable energy sources grows. Especially given their unique ability to utilise low-cost, non-PGM materials in the alkaline environment, enabling them to readily lower system capital cost and avoid problems from material criticality. This review outlines recent advances in understanding the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in AEMWEs, specifically the influence of catalyst-coated substrate (CCS) and catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) assembly methods on cell performance and durability. The aim of this review is to identify the current level of material and cell assembly development and highlight aspects that would benefit from further work in order to demonstrate the technological and cost feasibility of AEMWE and direct them toward commercial viability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101607"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101657
Pawel J. Kulesza , Iwona A. Rutkowska , Anna Chmielnicka , Beata Rytelewska , Olena Siamuk , Adam Gorczynski , Violetta Patroniak
Despite the fact that both processes are complex and kinetically slow, electrochemical approaches are generally suitable for the low-temperature conversions of carbon dioxide (to carbon-based simple organic fuels or utility chemicals) and nitrogen (typically to ammonia). Remembering that the N2 molecule is electrochemically more inert (during reduction) than CO2, as well as being aware that hydrogen evolution is a competitive and complicating process in aqueous media, different concepts of utilization, including nanostructuring, hybridization, alloying admixing, preconditioning, modification, or functionalization of various catalytic systems for electroreduction of CO2 and N2 are elucidated. Experimental conditions, including a choice of solvent and electrolyte, its acidity, as well as presence of certain cations and anions are of importance as well. In the case of N2-reduction, low yields and possibility of contamination require rigorous procedures and careful analytical approaches. A promising approach to synthesize NH3 involves lithium- or calcium-mediated reduction of nitrogen in organic solvents. Furthermore, similarities and differences in the reaction mechanisms and important strategies to enhance the systems’ overall activities are addressed.
{"title":"Development of catalytic systems for reduction of electrochemically inert inorganic molecules: Carbon dioxide and nitrogen","authors":"Pawel J. Kulesza , Iwona A. Rutkowska , Anna Chmielnicka , Beata Rytelewska , Olena Siamuk , Adam Gorczynski , Violetta Patroniak","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the fact that both processes are complex and kinetically slow, electrochemical approaches are generally suitable for the low-temperature conversions of carbon dioxide (to carbon-based simple organic fuels or utility chemicals) and nitrogen (typically to ammonia). Remembering that the N<sub>2</sub> molecule is electrochemically more inert (during reduction) than CO<sub>2</sub>, as well as being aware that hydrogen evolution is a competitive and complicating process in aqueous media, different concepts of utilization, including nanostructuring, hybridization, alloying admixing, preconditioning, modification, or functionalization of various catalytic systems for electroreduction of CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> are elucidated. Experimental conditions, including a choice of solvent and electrolyte, its acidity, as well as presence of certain cations and anions are of importance as well. In the case of N<sub>2</sub>-reduction, low yields and possibility of contamination require rigorous procedures and careful analytical approaches. A promising approach to synthesize NH<sub>3</sub> involves lithium- or calcium-mediated reduction of nitrogen in organic solvents. Furthermore, similarities and differences in the reaction mechanisms and important strategies to enhance the systems’ overall activities are addressed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101657"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101654
Mikael Maraschin , Mahsa Askari , Veena S. Chauhan , Luis H.Z. Feistel , Samuel A. Olusegun , Jessica Ortega-Ramos , Joseph A. Gauthier
Improving our fundamental understanding of charge transfer processes at the electrified double layer currently relies heavily on density functional theory (DFT) simulations as many in situ and operando spectroscopic methods are hindered by the aqueous electrolyte. However, modeling charged states with semi-local DFT faces serious challenges, and several bifurcating strategies have been developed in an attempt to address them. In this mini review, we present a highly abridged overview of some of the challenges faced when modeling charge transfer processes across the electric double layer with DFT. Focusing primarily on charge transfer kinetics, we highlight polarizable continuum models (PCMs) and their use in evaluating energetics in the adiabatic limit of electron transfer, i.e. treating electrons grand canonically during a coupled proton-electron transfer (CPET) reaction. We highlight their use in understanding electrocatalytic processes, in particular the ability to localize transition states at constant potential. Finally, we present our outlook on opportunities for improvement in this critical research area, and nascent methods being developed to test the validity of PCMs and evaluating energetics in the grand canonical ensemble.
{"title":"Recent developments in modeling the electric double layer with density functional theory","authors":"Mikael Maraschin , Mahsa Askari , Veena S. Chauhan , Luis H.Z. Feistel , Samuel A. Olusegun , Jessica Ortega-Ramos , Joseph A. Gauthier","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving our fundamental understanding of charge transfer processes at the electrified double layer currently relies heavily on density functional theory (DFT) simulations as many <em>in situ</em> and <em>operando</em> spectroscopic methods are hindered by the aqueous electrolyte. However, modeling charged states with semi-local DFT faces serious challenges, and several bifurcating strategies have been developed in an attempt to address them. In this mini review, we present a highly abridged overview of some of the challenges faced when modeling charge transfer processes across the electric double layer with DFT. Focusing primarily on charge transfer kinetics, we highlight polarizable continuum models (PCMs) and their use in evaluating energetics in the adiabatic limit of electron transfer, i.e. treating electrons grand canonically during a coupled proton-electron transfer (CPET) reaction. We highlight their use in understanding electrocatalytic processes, in particular the ability to localize transition states at constant potential. Finally, we present our outlook on opportunities for improvement in this critical research area, and nascent methods being developed to test the validity of PCMs and evaluating energetics in the grand canonical ensemble.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101654"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the chemical sensing field has seen the rise of a new class of sensors that utilize more than unique transduction modes. Known as ‘dual-mode’ or ‘bimodal’ sensors, these devices integrate two distinct mechanisms within the same platform, providing separate signals to detect or quantify the same analyte. This approach offers built-in cross-validation, significantly enhancing the precision and accuracy of the sensors. These self-checked systems have unlocked the potential of nanomaterials with versatile properties, enabling their simultaneous use across various sensing mechanisms. Electrochemical sensors, in particular, have leveraged this approach, leading to the development of dual-mode electrochemical-based sensors that pair electrochemistry with techniques such as Colorimetry, Fluorescence, Photoelectrochemistry, or even two different Electrochemical methods. The evolution of these technologies has also led to the emergence of multi-modal sensors, incorporating more than two modes within a single system. This review explores the latest advancements in multi-modal electrochemical-based sensors, examining their design strategies and highlighting recent work published in this evolving field.
{"title":"From dual-mode to multi-modal electrochemical based sensors: A path toward accurate sensing","authors":"Wafa Aidli , Daniele Fumagalli , Valentina Pifferi , Luigi Falciola","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the chemical sensing field has seen the rise of a new class of sensors that utilize more than unique transduction modes. Known as ‘dual-mode’ or ‘bimodal’ sensors, these devices integrate two distinct mechanisms within the same platform, providing separate signals to detect or quantify the same analyte. This approach offers built-in cross-validation, significantly enhancing the precision and accuracy of the sensors. These self-checked systems have unlocked the potential of nanomaterials with versatile properties, enabling their simultaneous use across various sensing mechanisms. Electrochemical sensors, in particular, have leveraged this approach, leading to the development of dual-mode electrochemical-based sensors that pair electrochemistry with techniques such as Colorimetry, Fluorescence, Photoelectrochemistry, or even two different Electrochemical methods. The evolution of these technologies has also led to the emergence of multi-modal sensors, incorporating more than two modes within a single system. This review explores the latest advancements in multi-modal electrochemical-based sensors, examining their design strategies and highlighting recent work published in this evolving field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101655"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101652
Gabriele Melegari , Anu Gupta , Camilla Ferrari , Neha Kumari , Suryakant Mishra , Enrico Giuliani , Alberto Barbieri , Claudio Fontanesi
In this communication, we demonstrate how conventional electrochemical measurements can be exploited in an unconventional way: the goal is the pursuit of a relationship between molecular structure of anaesthetics and the relevant anaesthetic potency. To this end, cyclic voltammetry and linear scan voltammetry curves are recorded in the presence in solution of molecules, like , with a significant spin-orbit coupling (SOC), aiming to single out the role of spin in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Indeed, compounds featuring high SOC values reduce the efficiency of the ORR, yielding a substantial decrease in the ORR current. ORR spin-dependence is also investigated using spin-polarized currents, employing ferromagnetic nickel and chiral gold surfaces, exploiting the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect. Remarkably, halothane, which is a well-known anaesthetic has a pronounced effect on ORR current reduction.
{"title":"The role of electrochemistry in solving the mystery of the relationship between molecular structure and anaesthetic potency","authors":"Gabriele Melegari , Anu Gupta , Camilla Ferrari , Neha Kumari , Suryakant Mishra , Enrico Giuliani , Alberto Barbieri , Claudio Fontanesi","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this communication, we demonstrate how conventional electrochemical measurements can be exploited in an unconventional way: the goal is the pursuit of a relationship between molecular structure of anaesthetics and the relevant anaesthetic potency. To this end, cyclic voltammetry and linear scan voltammetry curves are recorded in the presence in solution of molecules, like <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>l</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>, with a significant spin-orbit coupling (SOC), aiming to single out the role of spin in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Indeed, compounds featuring high SOC values reduce the efficiency of the ORR, yielding a substantial decrease in the ORR current. ORR spin-dependence is also investigated using spin-polarized currents, employing ferromagnetic nickel and chiral gold surfaces, exploiting the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect. Remarkably, halothane, which is a well-known anaesthetic has a pronounced effect on ORR current reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101652"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101642
Michael Mirabueno Albrechtsen, Alexander Bagger
Electrochemical CO2 reduction can lower the global carbon footprint while producing value-added products. The success of this approach is dependent on the development of highly selective electrocatalysts. Recently, descriptor-based approaches have been able to determine the selectivity of the major product groups. This work expands on the descriptor-based selectivity approach by using machine learning to create a mapping for experimentally determined product distributions. We report to accurately be able to predict product distributions based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) -based descriptors. Using our model, we predict areas of high ethanol faradaic efficiency and using an ensemble of models we quantify the model uncertainty in this area. Post hoc model analysis allows for model interpretation and determining feature importance, which gives a chemical insight into what determines the selectivity of CO2 reduction reaction. The descriptor-based machine learning approach allows for accurate screening of selective catalyst candidates without a complete understanding of the complex reaction mechanistics.
{"title":"Electrochemical CO2 reduction: Predicting the selectivity","authors":"Michael Mirabueno Albrechtsen, Alexander Bagger","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction can lower the global carbon footprint while producing value-added products. The success of this approach is dependent on the development of highly selective electrocatalysts. Recently, descriptor-based approaches have been able to determine the selectivity of the major product groups. This work expands on the descriptor-based selectivity approach by using machine learning to create a mapping for experimentally determined product distributions. We report to accurately be able to predict product distributions based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) -based descriptors. Using our model, we predict areas of high ethanol faradaic efficiency and using an ensemble of models we quantify the model uncertainty in this area. <em>Post hoc</em> model analysis allows for model interpretation and determining feature importance, which gives a chemical insight into what determines the selectivity of CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction. The descriptor-based machine learning approach allows for accurate screening of selective catalyst candidates without a complete understanding of the complex reaction mechanistics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101642"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101653
Soumen Dutta
Platinum group metals (PGMs), which are widely explored for developing clean energy technologies, have also undergone extensive morphology and composition tuning to enhance catalytic efficiency. Recently, increasing focus has been placed on phase regulation, particularly in identifying amorphous materials or other unconventional phases with favorable atomic arrangements for electrocatalysis. However, amorphous materials typically suffer from poor stability and insufficient electrical conductivity. To address this, amorphous crystalline (ac)–heterophased PGM-based catalysts, especially in their two-dimensional (2D) morphologies, have been developed, balancing the benefits of both phases with abundantly distributed active sites and fast charge carriers across the hetero-interfaces, offering enhanced electrochemical activity and stability compared with their single-phase counterparts. This review examines the design of heterophased 2D (ac)-PGMs, either through post-synthetic modification of crystalline nanosheets or via confined-growth/in situ amorphization. It further highlights their significant impact on electrochemical energy storage and conversion and also emphasizes the current challenges and future directions in the development of these advanced materials for energy applications.
{"title":"Amorphous crystalline heterostructure in electrocatalytic 2D platinum group metals","authors":"Soumen Dutta","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Platinum group metals (PGMs), which are widely explored for developing clean energy technologies, have also undergone extensive morphology and composition tuning to enhance catalytic efficiency. Recently, increasing focus has been placed on phase regulation, particularly in identifying amorphous materials or other unconventional phases with favorable atomic arrangements for electrocatalysis. However, amorphous materials typically suffer from poor stability and insufficient electrical conductivity. To address this, amorphous crystalline (<strong><em>ac</em></strong>)–heterophased PGM-based catalysts, especially in their two-dimensional (2D) morphologies, have been developed, balancing the benefits of both phases with abundantly distributed active sites and fast charge carriers across the hetero-interfaces, offering enhanced electrochemical activity and stability compared with their single-phase counterparts. This review examines the design of heterophased <strong>2D (<em>ac</em>)-PGMs</strong>, either through post-synthetic modification of crystalline nanosheets or via confined-growth/<em>in situ</em> amorphization. It further highlights their significant impact on electrochemical energy storage and conversion and also emphasizes the current challenges and future directions in the development of these advanced materials for energy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101653"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101648
Kaíque S.G.C. Oliveira , Elisama Vieira dos Santos , Luis D. Loor-Urgilés , Amir Shabanloo , Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle
Conductive diamond films appeared as promising materials with exceptional electrochemical properties that allowed significant advances in scientific and engineering domains. Therefore, in this opinion, we have explored the world's impact of boron doped diamond electrodes regarding its use in wastewater and disinfection from the point of view of the published scientific communications, preparation methodologies and the commercialization of these materials by several companies in different countries. A brief discussion about the scientific centers and institutes that have dedicated efforts to investigate diamond electrochemistry and its applications, has been included. More specifically, an opinion about the improvements in the fabrication of novel BDD electrodes and the design and construction of small electrochemical devices with different BDD materials. Trends on electrochemical technologies, using home-built and commercial BDD electrodes in environmental applications, have been also explored. The most important low-cost strategies for novel production systems for sustainable wastewater treatment and disinfection have been summarized and described. Finally, some examples of the types and devices of use of BDD electrodes are presented.
{"title":"The world impact of boron doped diamond electrodes and low-cost strategies for novel production systems for sustainable wastewater treatment","authors":"Kaíque S.G.C. Oliveira , Elisama Vieira dos Santos , Luis D. Loor-Urgilés , Amir Shabanloo , Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conductive diamond films appeared as promising materials with exceptional electrochemical properties that allowed significant advances in scientific and engineering domains. Therefore, in this opinion, we have explored the world's impact of boron doped diamond electrodes regarding its use in wastewater and disinfection from the point of view of the published scientific communications, preparation methodologies and the commercialization of these materials by several companies in different countries. A brief discussion about the scientific centers and institutes that have dedicated efforts to investigate diamond electrochemistry and its applications, has been included. More specifically, an opinion about the improvements in the fabrication of novel BDD electrodes and the design and construction of small electrochemical devices with different BDD materials. Trends on electrochemical technologies, using home-built and commercial BDD electrodes in environmental applications, have been also explored. The most important low-cost strategies for novel production systems for sustainable wastewater treatment and disinfection have been summarized and described. Finally, some examples of the types and devices of use of BDD electrodes are presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101648"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143369768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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