Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.11.003
T. Babuka , K.E. Glukhov , M. Makowska-Janusik , I. Babuka , L. Yu Kharkhalis , A. Bulou
The first principles calculations of the structural, electronic, and vibrational properties of the In4/3P2S6 crystal are prepared. The mechanical properties of the studied material using the DFT-D2 approach have been performed for the first time. The energy band spectra and atom-projected density of states of the mentioned material were calculated using the DFT/GGA/PBE-D2 methodology. Experimental studies of the vibrational properties of the In4/3P2S6 crystal were conducted for a bulk sample. The calculated vibrational properties were compared with the available experimental data derived from Raman scattering spectroscopy, and their agreement was demonstrated. The elastic properties of the In4/3P2S6 crystal were modeled and analyzed for the first time. The propagation velocities of the crystal's longitudinal and transverse acoustic waves were calculated for the (100) and (001) directions. The anisotropy coefficients are calculated, and the anisotropy of the propagation speed of acoustic waves in In4/3P2S6 crystal is analyzed.
{"title":"Electronic, vibration, and elastic properties of the layered In4/3P2S6 semiconducting crystal","authors":"T. Babuka , K.E. Glukhov , M. Makowska-Janusik , I. Babuka , L. Yu Kharkhalis , A. Bulou","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The first principles calculations of the structural, electronic, and vibrational properties of the In<sub>4/3</sub>P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> crystal are prepared. The mechanical properties of the studied material using the DFT-D2 approach have been performed for the first time. The energy band spectra and atom-projected density of states of the mentioned material were calculated using the DFT/GGA/PBE-D2 methodology. Experimental studies of the vibrational properties of the In<sub>4/3</sub>P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> crystal were conducted for a bulk sample. The calculated vibrational properties were compared with the available experimental data derived from Raman scattering spectroscopy, and their agreement was demonstrated. The elastic properties of the In<sub>4/3</sub>P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> crystal were modeled and analyzed for the first time. The propagation velocities of the crystal's longitudinal and transverse acoustic waves were calculated for the (100) and (001) directions. The anisotropy coefficients are calculated, and the anisotropy of the propagation speed of acoustic waves in In<sub>4/3</sub>P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> crystal is analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"83 ","pages":"Pages 120-127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.11.002
Mohamed Eltohamy , Ibrahim Youssof , Mohamed S. Abdel Aal , Roshdi Seoudi
This study explores the optical and fluorescence properties of Er3+-doped, low-melting lead borosilicate glass, formulated specifically for potential laser applications. The glass compositions are based on a weight percent system and include 23.54 wt% SiO2, 4.45 wt% Na2O, 2.96 wt% CaO, 1.34 wt% MgO, 0.04 wt% Al2O3, 0.03 wt% Fe2O3, 36.25 wt% B2O3, 31.39 wt% PbO, and varying Er2O3 contents of x = 0, 1, 2, or 3 wt% were synthesized via melt-quenching. Structural and optical characterizations were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy, UV–Vis–NIR absorption, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD confirmed the amorphous nature of all samples, while FTIR spectra revealed vibrational bands attributed to borate and silicate groups. The absorption spectra showed distinct Er3+ transitions at 378, 406, 450, 488, 520, 542, 652, 798, 972, 1490, and 1525 nm, corresponding to transitions from the ground state 4I15/2 to excited states, 4I13/2, 4I11/2, 4I9/2, 4F9/2, 4S3/2, 2H11/2, 4F7/2, 4F5/2, and 2G9/2, respectively. Increasing Er2O3 concentration led to a reduction in the optical band gap from 3.23 eV to 2.66 eV, indicating enhanced interaction between Er3+ ions and the glass matrix. Under excitation at various wavelengths (250–980 nm), strong near-infrared fluorescence centered at 1531 nm was observed, particularly due to the 4I13/2→4I15/2 transition following 980 nm excitation. These results confirm the suitability of the developed glass system for tunable laser and photonic applications.
{"title":"Optical and fluorescence behavior of Er3+-Doped low-melting lead borosilicate glass for laser applications","authors":"Mohamed Eltohamy , Ibrahim Youssof , Mohamed S. Abdel Aal , Roshdi Seoudi","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the optical and fluorescence properties of Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped, low-melting lead borosilicate glass, formulated specifically for potential laser applications. The glass compositions are based on a weight percent system and include 23.54 wt% SiO<sub>2</sub>, 4.45 wt% Na<sub>2</sub>O, 2.96 wt% CaO, 1.34 wt% MgO, 0.04 wt% Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 0.03 wt% Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 36.25 wt% B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 31.39 wt% PbO, and varying Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> contents of x = 0, 1, 2, or 3 wt% were synthesized via melt-quenching. Structural and optical characterizations were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy, UV–Vis–NIR absorption, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD confirmed the amorphous nature of all samples, while FTIR spectra revealed vibrational bands attributed to borate and silicate groups. The absorption spectra showed distinct Er<sup>3+</sup> transitions at 378, 406, 450, 488, 520, 542, 652, 798, 972, 1490, and 1525 nm, corresponding to transitions from the ground state <sup>4</sup><em>I</em><sub>15/2</sub> to excited states, <sup>4</sup><em>I</em><sub>13/2</sub>, <sup>4</sup><em>I</em><sub>11/2</sub>, <sup>4</sup><em>I</em><sub>9/2</sub>, <sup>4</sup><em>F</em><sub>9/2</sub>, <sup>4</sup><em>S</em><sub>3/2</sub>, <sup>2</sup><em>H</em><sub>11/2</sub>, <sup>4</sup><em>F</em><sub>7/2</sub>, <sup>4</sup><em>F</em><sub>5/2</sub>, and <sup>2</sup><em>G</em><sub>9/2</sub>, respectively. Increasing Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> concentration led to a reduction in the optical band gap from 3.23 eV to 2.66 eV, indicating enhanced interaction between Er<sup>3+</sup> ions and the glass matrix. Under excitation at various wavelengths (250–980 nm), strong near-infrared fluorescence centered at 1531 nm was observed, particularly due to the <sup>4</sup><em>I</em><sub>13/2</sub> <sub>→</sub> <sup>4</sup><em>I</em><sub>15/2</sub> transition following 980 nm excitation. These results confirm the suitability of the developed glass system for tunable laser and photonic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.11.001
Bikash K. Das, D. Mohanta
The wettability behavior mediated by textural fractals in Bougainvillea petals of three distinct colors is investigated. All samples exhibit hydrophobicity, with water contact angles (WCAs) ranging from 100° to 123°. Due to droplet pinning, the surfaces exhibited high adhesiveness across a range of droplet volumes. The complex micro-morphological arrangement and geometry of the epidermal cells enhanced surface roughness, resulting in pronounced hydrophobicity despite the presence of various polar functional groups. In the context of droplet pinning, tensile hydrophobicity and work of adhesion emerged as critical factors in understanding multi-textured surface behavior. Among the studied specimens, white-colored petals exhibited the highest work of adhesion (∼96 ± 3 mJ m−2). Theoretically estimated WCAs, derived using fractal roughness parameters obtained from surface morphology analyses, closely matched experimentally measured values for natural surfaces. The observed fractal roughness values ranged from 2.21 to 3.00, leading to hydrophobicity on these soft biological surfaces, contrasting with previous studies where fractal roughness induced superhydrophobicity. A biomimetic replica (roughness ∼2.60) was fabricated using soft lithography with polystyrene (PS) polymers, resulting in enhanced hydrophobicity with static WCAs between ∼118° and 135°, and reduced adhesiveness compared to natural surfaces. This study provides fundamental insights into surface wettability governed by fractal geometry and biomimicry, potentially guiding multifunctional surface design for coatings, microfluidics, drug delivery, biomedical devices, and industrial applications.
{"title":"Investigating textural fractals in Bougainvillea petals for wettability and biomimetic surface design","authors":"Bikash K. Das, D. Mohanta","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wettability behavior mediated by textural fractals in <em>Bougainvillea</em> petals of three distinct colors is investigated. All samples exhibit hydrophobicity, with water contact angles (WCAs) ranging from 100° to 123°. Due to droplet pinning, the surfaces exhibited high adhesiveness across a range of droplet volumes. The complex micro-morphological arrangement and geometry of the epidermal cells enhanced surface roughness, resulting in pronounced hydrophobicity despite the presence of various polar functional groups. In the context of droplet pinning, tensile hydrophobicity and work of adhesion emerged as critical factors in understanding multi-textured surface behavior. Among the studied specimens, white-colored petals exhibited the highest work of adhesion (∼96 ± 3 mJ m<sup>−2</sup>). Theoretically estimated WCAs, derived using fractal roughness parameters obtained from surface morphology analyses, closely matched experimentally measured values for natural surfaces. The observed fractal roughness values ranged from 2.21 to 3.00, leading to hydrophobicity on these soft biological surfaces, contrasting with previous studies where fractal roughness induced superhydrophobicity. A biomimetic replica (roughness ∼2.60) was fabricated using soft lithography with polystyrene (PS) polymers, resulting in enhanced hydrophobicity with static WCAs between ∼118° and 135°, and reduced adhesiveness compared to natural surfaces. This study provides fundamental insights into surface wettability governed by fractal geometry and biomimicry, potentially guiding multifunctional surface design for coatings, microfluidics, drug delivery, biomedical devices, and industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 45-56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145526600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.012
Inkyou Lee , Churlhi Lyi , Youngkuk Kim
Pt–Sr binary intermetallics encompass a broad range of stoichiometries and crystal structures, stabilized by complex bonding and multivalent chemistry. The Sr-rich end member, PtSr5, was recently identified via artificial-intelligence–guided materials design as a body-centered tetragonal compound () [1]. Using first-principles calculations, we show that PtSr5 hosts a Dirac semimetal phase with trivial topology, classified as a normal Dirac semimetal. A symmetry-indicator analysis based on parity eigenvalues at the eight time-reversal-invariant momenta confirms that all invariants—evaluated on time-reversal-invariant two-dimensional subspaces of momentum space with a direct band gap—are trivial, thereby establishing the topologically trivial nature of the Dirac semimetal phase. Nonetheless, our calculations reveal that applying an external Zeeman magnetic field along the -axis drives the system into a Weyl semimetal phase, as corroborated by characteristic changes in the computed surface states. This work demonstrates the tunability of topological phases in PtSr5 via external perturbations and highlights the effectiveness of AI-based materials exploration in discovering new quantum materials.
{"title":"Normal Dirac semimetal phase and Zeeman-Induced topological Fermi arc in PtSr5","authors":"Inkyou Lee , Churlhi Lyi , Youngkuk Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pt–Sr binary intermetallics encompass a broad range of stoichiometries and crystal structures, stabilized by complex bonding and multivalent chemistry. The Sr-rich end member, PtSr<sub>5</sub>, was recently identified via artificial-intelligence–guided materials design as a body-centered tetragonal compound (<span><math><mi>I</mi><mn>4</mn><mrow><mo>/</mo></mrow><mi>m</mi></math></span>) <span><span>[1]</span></span>. Using first-principles calculations, we show that PtSr<sub>5</sub> hosts a Dirac semimetal phase with trivial <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> topology, classified as a normal Dirac semimetal. A symmetry-indicator analysis based on parity eigenvalues at the eight time-reversal-invariant momenta confirms that all <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> invariants—evaluated on time-reversal-invariant two-dimensional subspaces of momentum space with a direct band gap—are trivial, thereby establishing the topologically trivial nature of the Dirac semimetal phase. Nonetheless, our calculations reveal that applying an external Zeeman magnetic field along the <span><math><mi>z</mi></math></span>-axis drives the system into a Weyl semimetal phase, as corroborated by characteristic changes in the computed surface states. This work demonstrates the tunability of topological phases in PtSr<sub>5</sub> via external perturbations and highlights the effectiveness of AI-based materials exploration in discovering new quantum materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.014
Harini H.V , Nagaswarupa H.P , Yashwanth Venkatraman Naik , Ramachandra Naik , Burragoni Sravanthi Goud , Jae Hong Kim , Saravanan Pandiaraj , Khalid E. Alzahrani
Sol gel synthesis of Copper Magnesium Alluminate (CuMA) hybrid nanomaterial have been carried out and obtained product was characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and UV–visible absorption (UV-DRS) techniques. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a biphasic structure comprising CuAl2O4 and MgAl2O4 spinels. Estimated crystallite size and band gap was found to be 26.9 nm 3.8 eV respectively with nanoflake shaped morphology. Electrochemical analysis was carried out using CuMA nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Galvanostatic Charge–Discharge (GCD) techniques and enhanced specific capacitance of 401 Fg-1 from CV were obtained. Further, electrode was used as a sensor for the detection of paracetamol. Photocatalytic Acid-red-88 dye degradation using CuMA nanoparticles as photocatalyst was observed to be 93.6 % degradation. Therefore, this material can be used for multifunctional energy applications.
{"title":"Green copper magnesium alluminate hybrid nanomaterial for electrochemical energy storage, sensor and photocatalytic dye degradation applications","authors":"Harini H.V , Nagaswarupa H.P , Yashwanth Venkatraman Naik , Ramachandra Naik , Burragoni Sravanthi Goud , Jae Hong Kim , Saravanan Pandiaraj , Khalid E. Alzahrani","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sol gel synthesis of Copper Magnesium Alluminate (CuMA) hybrid nanomaterial have been carried out and obtained product was characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and UV–visible absorption (UV-DRS) techniques. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a biphasic structure comprising CuAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinels. Estimated crystallite size and band gap was found to be 26.9 nm 3.8 eV respectively with nanoflake shaped morphology. Electrochemical analysis was carried out using CuMA nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Galvanostatic Charge–Discharge (GCD) techniques and enhanced specific capacitance of 401 Fg<sup>-1</sup> from CV were obtained. Further, electrode was used as a sensor for the detection of paracetamol. Photocatalytic Acid-red-88 dye degradation using CuMA nanoparticles as photocatalyst was observed to be 93.6 % degradation. Therefore, this material can be used for multifunctional energy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.013
Zhibo Zhou, Nan Sun, Qian Cao, Jican Hao, Hao Geng, Ning Fang, Ziyao Zhou
Magnetically tunable optoelectronic devices that integrate sensing and energy-harvesting functionalities hold significant potential for next-generation electronics and wearable technologies. Here, we demonstrate a multifunctional, self-powered optoelectronic device based on a Ni80Fe20 (permalloy) ferromagnetic thin film interfaced with n-type silicon (n-Si), forming a magneto-photovoltaic heterojunction. This structure enables self-powered operation under illumination, leveraging the built-in electric field at the heterojunction interface to efficiently separate photogenerated carriers without external bias. The device generates a photocurrent upon light exposure, which can be modulated by external magnetic fields. A photocurrent modulation of up to 33 % is achieved, with the modulation magnitude strongly dependent on the NiFe film thickness and the applied magnetic field strength. This tunability arises from the combined effects of Lorentz-force-induced carrier deflection, spin-dependent scattering, and interfacial magnetostrictive strain, which collectively influence the transport dynamics of photogenerated carriers. These findings demonstrate that Cu/Ni80Fe20/n-Si heterojunctions offer a versatile platform for multifunctional optoelectronic applications, such as the photodetector.
{"title":"Magnetic field modulation of photocurrent in NiFe/n-Si magneto-photovoltaic heterojunctions for multifunctional optoelectronic applications","authors":"Zhibo Zhou, Nan Sun, Qian Cao, Jican Hao, Hao Geng, Ning Fang, Ziyao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetically tunable optoelectronic devices that integrate sensing and energy-harvesting functionalities hold significant potential for next-generation electronics and wearable technologies. Here, we demonstrate a multifunctional, self-powered optoelectronic device based on a Ni<sub>80</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub> (permalloy) ferromagnetic thin film interfaced with n-type silicon (n-Si), forming a magneto-photovoltaic heterojunction. This structure enables self-powered operation under illumination, leveraging the built-in electric field at the heterojunction interface to efficiently separate photogenerated carriers without external bias. The device generates a photocurrent upon light exposure, which can be modulated by external magnetic fields. A photocurrent modulation of up to 33 % is achieved, with the modulation magnitude strongly dependent on the NiFe film thickness and the applied magnetic field strength. This tunability arises from the combined effects of Lorentz-force-induced carrier deflection, spin-dependent scattering, and interfacial magnetostrictive strain, which collectively influence the transport dynamics of photogenerated carriers. These findings demonstrate that Cu/Ni<sub>80</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>/n-Si heterojunctions offer a versatile platform for multifunctional optoelectronic applications, such as the photodetector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 6-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.015
Changsoo Kim , Kyongmo An , Kyoung-Woong Moon , Younghak Kim , Chanyong Hwang
High-brilliance X-rays with a broad energy range, provided by synchrotron facilities, have played a crucial role in revealing the electronic, magnetic, and lattice properties of condensed matter systems. Recently, the pulsed nature of synchrotron X-rays has enabled a variety of time-resolved experiments. In this study, we employed a time-resolved XFMR (X-ray Ferromagnetic Resonance) technique to measure the dynamic XMCD (X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism) spectrum of Yttrium Iron Garnet by probing the precessional motion of magnetization. The dynamic XMCD spectrum, obtained by sweeping the X-ray photon energy under the optimal XFMR condition, provides information comparable to that of static XMCD. Due to the fluorescence-based detection scheme of XFMR, the L2 peak appears with high clarity, and the baseline remains flat and artifact-free, demonstrating the potential of dynamic XMCD as a powerful alternative to conventional XMCD techniques.
{"title":"Dynamic X-ray magnetic circular dichroism of yttrium iron garnet","authors":"Changsoo Kim , Kyongmo An , Kyoung-Woong Moon , Younghak Kim , Chanyong Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-brilliance X-rays with a broad energy range, provided by synchrotron facilities, have played a crucial role in revealing the electronic, magnetic, and lattice properties of condensed matter systems. Recently, the pulsed nature of synchrotron X-rays has enabled a variety of time-resolved experiments. In this study, we employed a time-resolved XFMR (X-ray Ferromagnetic Resonance) technique to measure the dynamic XMCD (X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism) spectrum of Yttrium Iron Garnet by probing the precessional motion of magnetization. The dynamic XMCD spectrum, obtained by sweeping the X-ray photon energy under the optimal XFMR condition, provides information comparable to that of static XMCD. Due to the fluorescence-based detection scheme of XFMR, the L<sub>2</sub> peak appears with high clarity, and the baseline remains flat and artifact-free, demonstrating the potential of dynamic XMCD as a powerful alternative to conventional XMCD techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.011
Mawlood Maajal Ali , Jalal Abdulkareem Abbas , Mustafa Nadhim Owaid , Tahseen Ali Zaidan
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized through a green synthesis method using Lepidium sativum seeds, followed by hydrothermal treatment and cooling to form hydrothermally treated AuNPs (H-AuNPs). The nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, including UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and XRD. Upon hydrothermal treatment, the color of the AuNPs shifted from red-purple to bright yellow. The AuNPs synthesized with L. sativum exhibited a typical surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) around 561 nm, indicating well-dispersed nanoparticles. However, the SPR in H-AuNPs was absent, suggesting potential structural changes, aggregation, or oxidation. The particle sizes of H-AuNPs ranged from 23 nm to 35 nm, while AuNPs exhibited a wider range of diameters. SEM analysis revealed that the AuNPs aggregated into spherical, ovoid, and uniform shapes. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature. Moreover, H-AuNPs demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity compared to AuNPs and the seed extract alone. Additionally, H-AuNPs showed superior catalytic activity in the decolorization of methylene blue.
{"title":"Effect of hydrothermal treatment on optical properties of gold nanoparticles synthesized from Lepidium sativum seeds and their applications","authors":"Mawlood Maajal Ali , Jalal Abdulkareem Abbas , Mustafa Nadhim Owaid , Tahseen Ali Zaidan","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized through a green synthesis method using <em>Lepidium sativum</em> seeds, followed by hydrothermal treatment and cooling to form hydrothermally treated AuNPs (H-AuNPs). The nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, including UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and XRD. Upon hydrothermal treatment, the color of the AuNPs shifted from red-purple to bright yellow. The AuNPs synthesized with <em>L. sativum</em> exhibited a typical surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) around 561 nm, indicating well-dispersed nanoparticles. However, the SPR in H-AuNPs was absent, suggesting potential structural changes, aggregation, or oxidation. The particle sizes of H-AuNPs ranged from 23 nm to 35 nm, while AuNPs exhibited a wider range of diameters. SEM analysis revealed that the AuNPs aggregated into spherical, ovoid, and uniform shapes. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature. Moreover, H-AuNPs demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity compared to AuNPs and the seed extract alone. Additionally, H-AuNPs showed superior catalytic activity in the decolorization of methylene blue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 383-391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the work, a single crystal of Na2SO4 of good optical quality was obtained. Its structure was verified and crystallographic parameters were refined. The infrared transmission spectra were studied and it was shown that it is transparent in a wide spectral range. The second harmonic generation of powder samples of the Na2SO4 crystal at the fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm was studied. An increase in the efficiency of the second harmonic generation with an increase in the power of the fundamental beam was established. The efficiency of the SHG is greater than that for the previously studied LiNH4SO4 crystal in the β-modification. The nonlinear optical refraction of the Na2SO4 crystal under the action of a laser beam λ = 532 nm was studied. The crystal is characterized by optical self-defocusing (n2 < 0) and the value of the obtained nonlinear optical refractive index is n2 = −3.89 × 10−13 m2/W.
{"title":"Experimental study of the nonlinear optical properties of Na2SO4 single crystal","authors":"M.Ya. Rudysh , J. Jędryka , G.L. Myronchuk , V.M. Kordan , R.V. Gamernyk , R.S. Brezvin , А.І. Kashuba , M.I. Shevchuk","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the work, a single crystal of Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> of good optical quality was obtained. Its structure was verified and crystallographic parameters were refined. The infrared transmission spectra were studied and it was shown that it is transparent in a wide spectral range. The second harmonic generation of powder samples of the Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> crystal at the fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm was studied. An increase in the efficiency of the second harmonic generation with an increase in the power of the fundamental beam was established. The efficiency of the SHG is greater than that for the previously studied LiNH<sub>4</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> crystal in the β-modification. The nonlinear optical refraction of the Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> crystal under the action of a laser beam λ = 532 nm was studied. The crystal is characterized by optical self-defocusing (<em>n</em><sub>2</sub> < 0) and the value of the obtained nonlinear optical refractive index is <em>n</em><sub>2</sub> = −3.89 × 10<sup>−13</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/W.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 376-382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.007
Min-Wen Wang , Wen-Quan Yan , Chun-Chieh Tseng , Jui-Han Lu , Ching-Chien Huang
This work reports the design, fabrication, and validation of a miniaturized circular monopole antenna for implantable biomedical telemetry in the MICS band. The antenna is built on a single-layer FR4 substrate and encapsulated with a PDMS biocompatible coating, enabling low-cost and scalable fabrication using standard photolithography. Key parameters such as conductor spacing, trace width, shorting element placement, and ground plane geometry were optimized to achieve compact size and stable impedance. Full-wave simulations predicted resonance at 406 MHz with a return loss of −34.23 dB, radiation efficiency of −29.59 dB, and gain of −27.91 dBi. Measurements in tissue-mimicking phantoms and porcine skin confirmed a return loss of −24.82 dB and gain of −27.94 dBi, closely matching simulations. Specific absorption rate analysis verified compliance with IEEE C95.1–1999 safety limits at 193 mW input. The proposed design integrates material choice, geometric refinement, and planar fabrication, providing a reproducible platform for next-generation implantable systems.
{"title":"Photolithographically fabricated FR4-Based miniaturized implantable antenna with geometric tuning for biomedical telemetry in the MICS band","authors":"Min-Wen Wang , Wen-Quan Yan , Chun-Chieh Tseng , Jui-Han Lu , Ching-Chien Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work reports the design, fabrication, and validation of a miniaturized circular monopole antenna for implantable biomedical telemetry in the MICS band. The antenna is built on a single-layer FR4 substrate and encapsulated with a PDMS biocompatible coating, enabling low-cost and scalable fabrication using standard photolithography. Key parameters such as conductor spacing, trace width, shorting element placement, and ground plane geometry were optimized to achieve compact size and stable impedance. Full-wave simulations predicted resonance at 406 MHz with a return loss of −34.23 dB, radiation efficiency of −29.59 dB, and gain of −27.91 dBi. Measurements in tissue-mimicking phantoms and porcine skin confirmed a return loss of −24.82 dB and gain of −27.94 dBi, closely matching simulations. Specific absorption rate analysis verified compliance with IEEE C95.1–1999 safety limits at 193 mW input. The proposed design integrates material choice, geometric refinement, and planar fabrication, providing a reproducible platform for next-generation implantable systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 367-375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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