Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.012
Inkyou Lee , Churlhi Lyi , Youngkuk Kim
Pt–Sr binary intermetallics encompass a broad range of stoichiometries and crystal structures, stabilized by complex bonding and multivalent chemistry. The Sr-rich end member, PtSr5, was recently identified via artificial-intelligence–guided materials design as a body-centered tetragonal compound () [1]. Using first-principles calculations, we show that PtSr5 hosts a Dirac semimetal phase with trivial topology, classified as a normal Dirac semimetal. A symmetry-indicator analysis based on parity eigenvalues at the eight time-reversal-invariant momenta confirms that all invariants—evaluated on time-reversal-invariant two-dimensional subspaces of momentum space with a direct band gap—are trivial, thereby establishing the topologically trivial nature of the Dirac semimetal phase. Nonetheless, our calculations reveal that applying an external Zeeman magnetic field along the -axis drives the system into a Weyl semimetal phase, as corroborated by characteristic changes in the computed surface states. This work demonstrates the tunability of topological phases in PtSr5 via external perturbations and highlights the effectiveness of AI-based materials exploration in discovering new quantum materials.
{"title":"Normal Dirac semimetal phase and Zeeman-Induced topological Fermi arc in PtSr5","authors":"Inkyou Lee , Churlhi Lyi , Youngkuk Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pt–Sr binary intermetallics encompass a broad range of stoichiometries and crystal structures, stabilized by complex bonding and multivalent chemistry. The Sr-rich end member, PtSr<sub>5</sub>, was recently identified via artificial-intelligence–guided materials design as a body-centered tetragonal compound (<span><math><mi>I</mi><mn>4</mn><mrow><mo>/</mo></mrow><mi>m</mi></math></span>) <span><span>[1]</span></span>. Using first-principles calculations, we show that PtSr<sub>5</sub> hosts a Dirac semimetal phase with trivial <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> topology, classified as a normal Dirac semimetal. A symmetry-indicator analysis based on parity eigenvalues at the eight time-reversal-invariant momenta confirms that all <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> invariants—evaluated on time-reversal-invariant two-dimensional subspaces of momentum space with a direct band gap—are trivial, thereby establishing the topologically trivial nature of the Dirac semimetal phase. Nonetheless, our calculations reveal that applying an external Zeeman magnetic field along the <span><math><mi>z</mi></math></span>-axis drives the system into a Weyl semimetal phase, as corroborated by characteristic changes in the computed surface states. This work demonstrates the tunability of topological phases in PtSr<sub>5</sub> via external perturbations and highlights the effectiveness of AI-based materials exploration in discovering new quantum materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.013
Zhibo Zhou, Nan Sun, Qian Cao, Jican Hao, Hao Geng, Ning Fang, Ziyao Zhou
Magnetically tunable optoelectronic devices that integrate sensing and energy-harvesting functionalities hold significant potential for next-generation electronics and wearable technologies. Here, we demonstrate a multifunctional, self-powered optoelectronic device based on a Ni80Fe20 (permalloy) ferromagnetic thin film interfaced with n-type silicon (n-Si), forming a magneto-photovoltaic heterojunction. This structure enables self-powered operation under illumination, leveraging the built-in electric field at the heterojunction interface to efficiently separate photogenerated carriers without external bias. The device generates a photocurrent upon light exposure, which can be modulated by external magnetic fields. A photocurrent modulation of up to 33 % is achieved, with the modulation magnitude strongly dependent on the NiFe film thickness and the applied magnetic field strength. This tunability arises from the combined effects of Lorentz-force-induced carrier deflection, spin-dependent scattering, and interfacial magnetostrictive strain, which collectively influence the transport dynamics of photogenerated carriers. These findings demonstrate that Cu/Ni80Fe20/n-Si heterojunctions offer a versatile platform for multifunctional optoelectronic applications, such as the photodetector.
{"title":"Magnetic field modulation of photocurrent in NiFe/n-Si magneto-photovoltaic heterojunctions for multifunctional optoelectronic applications","authors":"Zhibo Zhou, Nan Sun, Qian Cao, Jican Hao, Hao Geng, Ning Fang, Ziyao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetically tunable optoelectronic devices that integrate sensing and energy-harvesting functionalities hold significant potential for next-generation electronics and wearable technologies. Here, we demonstrate a multifunctional, self-powered optoelectronic device based on a Ni<sub>80</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub> (permalloy) ferromagnetic thin film interfaced with n-type silicon (n-Si), forming a magneto-photovoltaic heterojunction. This structure enables self-powered operation under illumination, leveraging the built-in electric field at the heterojunction interface to efficiently separate photogenerated carriers without external bias. The device generates a photocurrent upon light exposure, which can be modulated by external magnetic fields. A photocurrent modulation of up to 33 % is achieved, with the modulation magnitude strongly dependent on the NiFe film thickness and the applied magnetic field strength. This tunability arises from the combined effects of Lorentz-force-induced carrier deflection, spin-dependent scattering, and interfacial magnetostrictive strain, which collectively influence the transport dynamics of photogenerated carriers. These findings demonstrate that Cu/Ni<sub>80</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>/n-Si heterojunctions offer a versatile platform for multifunctional optoelectronic applications, such as the photodetector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 6-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.11.002
Mohamed Eltohamy , Ibrahim Youssof , Mohamed S. Abdel Aal , Roshdi Seoudi
This study explores the optical and fluorescence properties of Er3+-doped, low-melting lead borosilicate glass, formulated specifically for potential laser applications. The glass compositions are based on a weight percent system and include 23.54 wt% SiO2, 4.45 wt% Na2O, 2.96 wt% CaO, 1.34 wt% MgO, 0.04 wt% Al2O3, 0.03 wt% Fe2O3, 36.25 wt% B2O3, 31.39 wt% PbO, and varying Er2O3 contents of x = 0, 1, 2, or 3 wt% were synthesized via melt-quenching. Structural and optical characterizations were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy, UV–Vis–NIR absorption, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD confirmed the amorphous nature of all samples, while FTIR spectra revealed vibrational bands attributed to borate and silicate groups. The absorption spectra showed distinct Er3+ transitions at 378, 406, 450, 488, 520, 542, 652, 798, 972, 1490, and 1525 nm, corresponding to transitions from the ground state 4I15/2 to excited states, 4I13/2, 4I11/2, 4I9/2, 4F9/2, 4S3/2, 2H11/2, 4F7/2, 4F5/2, and 2G9/2, respectively. Increasing Er2O3 concentration led to a reduction in the optical band gap from 3.23 eV to 2.66 eV, indicating enhanced interaction between Er3+ ions and the glass matrix. Under excitation at various wavelengths (250–980 nm), strong near-infrared fluorescence centered at 1531 nm was observed, particularly due to the 4I13/2→4I15/2 transition following 980 nm excitation. These results confirm the suitability of the developed glass system for tunable laser and photonic applications.
{"title":"Optical and fluorescence behavior of Er3+-Doped low-melting lead borosilicate glass for laser applications","authors":"Mohamed Eltohamy , Ibrahim Youssof , Mohamed S. Abdel Aal , Roshdi Seoudi","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the optical and fluorescence properties of Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped, low-melting lead borosilicate glass, formulated specifically for potential laser applications. The glass compositions are based on a weight percent system and include 23.54 wt% SiO<sub>2</sub>, 4.45 wt% Na<sub>2</sub>O, 2.96 wt% CaO, 1.34 wt% MgO, 0.04 wt% Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 0.03 wt% Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 36.25 wt% B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 31.39 wt% PbO, and varying Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> contents of x = 0, 1, 2, or 3 wt% were synthesized via melt-quenching. Structural and optical characterizations were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy, UV–Vis–NIR absorption, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD confirmed the amorphous nature of all samples, while FTIR spectra revealed vibrational bands attributed to borate and silicate groups. The absorption spectra showed distinct Er<sup>3+</sup> transitions at 378, 406, 450, 488, 520, 542, 652, 798, 972, 1490, and 1525 nm, corresponding to transitions from the ground state <sup>4</sup><em>I</em><sub>15/2</sub> to excited states, <sup>4</sup><em>I</em><sub>13/2</sub>, <sup>4</sup><em>I</em><sub>11/2</sub>, <sup>4</sup><em>I</em><sub>9/2</sub>, <sup>4</sup><em>F</em><sub>9/2</sub>, <sup>4</sup><em>S</em><sub>3/2</sub>, <sup>2</sup><em>H</em><sub>11/2</sub>, <sup>4</sup><em>F</em><sub>7/2</sub>, <sup>4</sup><em>F</em><sub>5/2</sub>, and <sup>2</sup><em>G</em><sub>9/2</sub>, respectively. Increasing Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> concentration led to a reduction in the optical band gap from 3.23 eV to 2.66 eV, indicating enhanced interaction between Er<sup>3+</sup> ions and the glass matrix. Under excitation at various wavelengths (250–980 nm), strong near-infrared fluorescence centered at 1531 nm was observed, particularly due to the <sup>4</sup><em>I</em><sub>13/2</sub> <sub>→</sub> <sup>4</sup><em>I</em><sub>15/2</sub> transition following 980 nm excitation. These results confirm the suitability of the developed glass system for tunable laser and photonic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.015
Changsoo Kim , Kyongmo An , Kyoung-Woong Moon , Younghak Kim , Chanyong Hwang
High-brilliance X-rays with a broad energy range, provided by synchrotron facilities, have played a crucial role in revealing the electronic, magnetic, and lattice properties of condensed matter systems. Recently, the pulsed nature of synchrotron X-rays has enabled a variety of time-resolved experiments. In this study, we employed a time-resolved XFMR (X-ray Ferromagnetic Resonance) technique to measure the dynamic XMCD (X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism) spectrum of Yttrium Iron Garnet by probing the precessional motion of magnetization. The dynamic XMCD spectrum, obtained by sweeping the X-ray photon energy under the optimal XFMR condition, provides information comparable to that of static XMCD. Due to the fluorescence-based detection scheme of XFMR, the L2 peak appears with high clarity, and the baseline remains flat and artifact-free, demonstrating the potential of dynamic XMCD as a powerful alternative to conventional XMCD techniques.
{"title":"Dynamic X-ray magnetic circular dichroism of yttrium iron garnet","authors":"Changsoo Kim , Kyongmo An , Kyoung-Woong Moon , Younghak Kim , Chanyong Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-brilliance X-rays with a broad energy range, provided by synchrotron facilities, have played a crucial role in revealing the electronic, magnetic, and lattice properties of condensed matter systems. Recently, the pulsed nature of synchrotron X-rays has enabled a variety of time-resolved experiments. In this study, we employed a time-resolved XFMR (X-ray Ferromagnetic Resonance) technique to measure the dynamic XMCD (X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism) spectrum of Yttrium Iron Garnet by probing the precessional motion of magnetization. The dynamic XMCD spectrum, obtained by sweeping the X-ray photon energy under the optimal XFMR condition, provides information comparable to that of static XMCD. Due to the fluorescence-based detection scheme of XFMR, the L<sub>2</sub> peak appears with high clarity, and the baseline remains flat and artifact-free, demonstrating the potential of dynamic XMCD as a powerful alternative to conventional XMCD techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.11.005
V.C. Suchitra , R. Athira , V. Anunanda , Sithara , S.P. Vaiga Sagar , P.C. Rilu Fathima , K. Fathima Rameeza , T.A. Ramseena , N.N. Binitha
Flexible supercapacitors are essential for wearable electronics due to their mechanical resilience. This study uses soluble starch, a carbohydrate-based milling agent, for the mechanochemical exfoliation of graphite into few-layered, less-defective graphene. Hydrothermal treatment of the milled mixture containing starch yields carbon dot (CD)-decorated graphene. Material characterization confirms the turbostratic graphene structure, its edge functionalities, and CD distribution over the sheets. Electrochemical evaluation in a three-electrode system shows a specific capacitance of 614.1 F/g at 3 A/g, low charge transfer resistance, 98.3 % coulombic efficiency, and 100 % capacitance retention over 12,000 cycles. CD/graphene follows more of a pseudocapacitive mechanism with 80 % diffusive contribution. A flexible symmetric device using CD/graphene achieves 99.6 F/g (139.45 mF/cm2) specific capacitance, 13.8 Wh/kg energy density, and 714.3 W/kg power density. It retains 100 % capacitance after 2000 cycles and performs reliably under bending, twisting and folding. Three devices in series successfully light a green LED and decorative light, demonstrating real-world applicability.
{"title":"Graphene electrodes decorated with starch-derived carbon dots for flexible supercapacitors","authors":"V.C. Suchitra , R. Athira , V. Anunanda , Sithara , S.P. Vaiga Sagar , P.C. Rilu Fathima , K. Fathima Rameeza , T.A. Ramseena , N.N. Binitha","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible supercapacitors are essential for wearable electronics due to their mechanical resilience. This study uses soluble starch, a carbohydrate-based milling agent, for the mechanochemical exfoliation of graphite into few-layered, less-defective graphene. Hydrothermal treatment of the milled mixture containing starch yields carbon dot (CD)-decorated graphene. Material characterization confirms the turbostratic graphene structure, its edge functionalities, and CD distribution over the sheets. Electrochemical evaluation in a three-electrode system shows a specific capacitance of 614.1 F/g at 3 A/g, low charge transfer resistance, 98.3 % coulombic efficiency, and 100 % capacitance retention over 12,000 cycles. CD/graphene follows more of a pseudocapacitive mechanism with 80 % diffusive contribution. A flexible symmetric device using CD/graphene achieves 99.6 F/g (139.45 mF/cm<sup>2</sup>) specific capacitance, 13.8 Wh/kg energy density, and 714.3 W/kg power density. It retains 100 % capacitance after 2000 cycles and performs reliably under bending, twisting and folding. Three devices in series successfully light a green LED and decorative light, demonstrating real-world applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 57-65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145526601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.014
Harini H.V , Nagaswarupa H.P , Yashwanth Venkatraman Naik , Ramachandra Naik , Burragoni Sravanthi Goud , Jae Hong Kim , Saravanan Pandiaraj , Khalid E. Alzahrani
Sol gel synthesis of Copper Magnesium Alluminate (CuMA) hybrid nanomaterial have been carried out and obtained product was characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and UV–visible absorption (UV-DRS) techniques. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a biphasic structure comprising CuAl2O4 and MgAl2O4 spinels. Estimated crystallite size and band gap was found to be 26.9 nm 3.8 eV respectively with nanoflake shaped morphology. Electrochemical analysis was carried out using CuMA nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Galvanostatic Charge–Discharge (GCD) techniques and enhanced specific capacitance of 401 Fg-1 from CV were obtained. Further, electrode was used as a sensor for the detection of paracetamol. Photocatalytic Acid-red-88 dye degradation using CuMA nanoparticles as photocatalyst was observed to be 93.6 % degradation. Therefore, this material can be used for multifunctional energy applications.
{"title":"Green copper magnesium alluminate hybrid nanomaterial for electrochemical energy storage, sensor and photocatalytic dye degradation applications","authors":"Harini H.V , Nagaswarupa H.P , Yashwanth Venkatraman Naik , Ramachandra Naik , Burragoni Sravanthi Goud , Jae Hong Kim , Saravanan Pandiaraj , Khalid E. Alzahrani","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sol gel synthesis of Copper Magnesium Alluminate (CuMA) hybrid nanomaterial have been carried out and obtained product was characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and UV–visible absorption (UV-DRS) techniques. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a biphasic structure comprising CuAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinels. Estimated crystallite size and band gap was found to be 26.9 nm 3.8 eV respectively with nanoflake shaped morphology. Electrochemical analysis was carried out using CuMA nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Galvanostatic Charge–Discharge (GCD) techniques and enhanced specific capacitance of 401 Fg<sup>-1</sup> from CV were obtained. Further, electrode was used as a sensor for the detection of paracetamol. Photocatalytic Acid-red-88 dye degradation using CuMA nanoparticles as photocatalyst was observed to be 93.6 % degradation. Therefore, this material can be used for multifunctional energy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Waterproof and breathable membranes are critical for protective textiles, filtration, and wearable applications. However, balancing water resistance with vapor permeability remains challenging. This study investigates the morphological effects of electrospun polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene fluoride (PAN/PVDF) nanofiber membranes on their waterproofness, breathability, and mechanical integrity. Varying polymer concentration can control fiber diameter (224–1379 nm) and bead formation, influencing membrane properties. Increasing fiber diameter enhances mechanical strength, with Young's modulus rising from 22.5 MPa to 34.1 MPa. All fabricated membranes exhibit excellent waterproofness, while the larger, bead-free fibers possess improved water vapor transmission and slightly reduced air permeability. FTIR analysis confirms consistent chemical composition across samples. These findings demonstrate that nanofiber morphology can be tailored to optimize performance, offering valuable insights for the development of multifunctional membranes for environmental, industrial, and wearable use.
{"title":"Comparative morphological analysis of electrospun PAN/PVDF nanofibers for waterproof breathable membrane applications","authors":"Wahyu Solafide Sipahutar , Rizky Aflaha , Alex Triputra Lumban Tobing , Tarmizi Taher , Kuwat Triyana , Hutomo Suryo Wasisto , Aldes Lesbani , Aditya Rianjanu","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waterproof and breathable membranes are critical for protective textiles, filtration, and wearable applications. However, balancing water resistance with vapor permeability remains challenging. This study investigates the morphological effects of electrospun polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene fluoride (PAN/PVDF) nanofiber membranes on their waterproofness, breathability, and mechanical integrity. Varying polymer concentration can control fiber diameter (224–1379 nm) and bead formation, influencing membrane properties. Increasing fiber diameter enhances mechanical strength, with Young's modulus rising from 22.5 MPa to 34.1 MPa. All fabricated membranes exhibit excellent waterproofness, while the larger, bead-free fibers possess improved water vapor transmission and slightly reduced air permeability. FTIR analysis confirms consistent chemical composition across samples. These findings demonstrate that nanofiber morphology can be tailored to optimize performance, offering valuable insights for the development of multifunctional membranes for environmental, industrial, and wearable use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 224-233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.021
F. Chen , C.F. Sánchez-Valdés , F.H. Chen , Y.X. Tong , L. Li
Ni-Co-Mn-Sn alloys with a significant magnetocaloric effect are considered promising candidates for room-temperature magnetic refrigeration. Alloying serves as an effective method to tune the working temperature and magnetocaloric properties of Ni-Co-Mn-Sn alloys. Here, we report the phase transformation and magnetocaloric properties of polycrystalline Ni39Co7Mn43Sn7Ti4 by alloying with a relatively high Ti content. This alloy displays a first-order martensitic transformation (MT) near room temperature and a second-order magnetic transition in austenite at 366 K. The application of a magnetic field significantly widened the temperature range of the MT, thereby contributing to a substantial effective refrigeration capacity of 198 J kg−1 at a magnetic field change of 5 T. Moreover, the alloy exhibits simultaneously a moderate isothermal magnetic entropy change (12.2 J kg−1K−1) and a low average hysteresis loss (40 J kg−1) due to the weakened magnetic field-induced reverse martensitic transformation caused by Ti alloying.
{"title":"Low hysteresis loss and moderate magnetic entropy change near room temperature in the bulk Ni39Co7Mn43Sn7Ti4 alloy","authors":"F. Chen , C.F. Sánchez-Valdés , F.H. Chen , Y.X. Tong , L. Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ni-Co-Mn-Sn alloys with a significant magnetocaloric effect are considered promising candidates for room-temperature magnetic refrigeration. Alloying serves as an effective method to tune the working temperature and magnetocaloric properties of Ni-Co-Mn-Sn alloys. Here, we report the phase transformation and magnetocaloric properties of polycrys<strong>talline Ni<sub>39</sub>Co<sub>7</sub>Mn<sub>43</sub>Sn<sub>7</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub> by alloying with a relatively high Ti content. This alloy displays a first-order martensitic transformation (MT) near room temperature and a second-order magnetic transition in austenite at 366 K. The application of a magnetic field significantly widened the temperature range of the MT, thereby contributing to a substantial effective refrigeration capacity of 198 J kg<sup>−1</sup> at a magnetic field change of 5 T. Moreover, the alloy exhibits simultaneously a moderate isothermal magnetic entropy change (12.2 J kg<sup>−1</sup></strong> <strong>K<sup>−1</sup>) and a low average hysteresis loss (40 J kg<sup>−1</sup>) due to the weakened magnetic field-induced reverse martensitic transformation caused by Ti alloying</strong>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 213-218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is shown, that an ultra-low-power voltage controlled oscillator, realized with conventional NAND gates in ring-oscillator configuration, can be operated by a series connected pair of commercial Silicon pin solar cells, only irradiated by a high energy proton beam as power supply. However a very fast degradation of the solar cells is observed, leading to a stop of the oscillator operation after a very short time. By monitoring the oscillator frequency changes when the stack of photodiodes, in this case illuminated with weak ambient light, is not directly exposed to the proton beam but positioned in different positions close to the proton beam, an evaluation of the off-beam-axis irradiation damage could be done. A detailed electrical analysis of the photodiode properties before and after the direct proton irradiation has been added.
{"title":"A nanowatt oscillator powered only by 68 MeV proton irradiation of a crystalline silicon photodiode pair","authors":"Heinz-Christoph Neitzert , Arpana Singh , Alina Hanna Dittwald , Georgios Kourkafas","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is shown, that an ultra-low-power voltage controlled oscillator, realized with conventional NAND gates in ring-oscillator configuration, can be operated by a series connected pair of commercial Silicon pin solar cells, only irradiated by a high energy proton beam as power supply. However a very fast degradation of the solar cells is observed, leading to a stop of the oscillator operation after a very short time. By monitoring the oscillator frequency changes when the stack of photodiodes, in this case illuminated with weak ambient light, is not directly exposed to the proton beam but positioned in different positions close to the proton beam, an evaluation of the off-beam-axis irradiation damage could be done. A detailed electrical analysis of the photodiode properties before and after the direct proton irradiation has been added.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 306-310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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