Current Applied Physics最新文献

英文中文

Effect of hydrothermal treatment on optical properties of gold nanoparticles synthesized from Lepidium sativum seeds and their applications 水热处理对枸杞种子合成金纳米粒子光学性质的影响及其应用

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.011

Mawlood Maajal Ali , Jalal Abdulkareem Abbas , Mustafa Nadhim Owaid , Tahseen Ali Zaidan

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized through a green synthesis method using Lepidium sativum seeds, followed by hydrothermal treatment and cooling to form hydrothermally treated AuNPs (H-AuNPs). The nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, including UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and XRD. Upon hydrothermal treatment, the color of the AuNPs shifted from red-purple to bright yellow. The AuNPs synthesized with L. sativum exhibited a typical surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) around 561 nm, indicating well-dispersed nanoparticles. However, the SPR in H-AuNPs was absent, suggesting potential structural changes, aggregation, or oxidation. The particle sizes of H-AuNPs ranged from 23 nm to 35 nm, while AuNPs exhibited a wider range of diameters. SEM analysis revealed that the AuNPs aggregated into spherical, ovoid, and uniform shapes. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature. Moreover, H-AuNPs demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity compared to AuNPs and the seed extract alone. Additionally, H-AuNPs showed superior catalytic activity in the decolorization of methylene blue.

采用绿色合成的方法，以Lepidium sativum种子为原料，经水热处理和冷却形成水热处理的纳米金纳米粒子（AuNPs）。利用紫外可见光谱、红外光谱、扫描电镜和x射线衍射等多种技术对纳米颗粒进行了表征。经过水热处理，aunp的颜色从红紫色变成了亮黄色。用L. sativum合成的AuNPs在561 nm附近表现出典型的表面等离子体共振（SPR），表明纳米颗粒分散良好。然而，在H-AuNPs中没有SPR，这表明潜在的结构变化、聚集或氧化。H-AuNPs的粒径范围为23 ~ 35 nm，而AuNPs的粒径范围更大。扫描电镜分析显示，AuNPs聚集成球形、卵形和均匀形状。XRD分析证实了其结晶性。此外，与单独的AuNPs和种子提取物相比，H-AuNPs表现出最高的抗菌活性。此外，H-AuNPs在亚甲基蓝脱色中表现出优异的催化活性。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study of the nonlinear optical properties of Na2SO4 single crystal Na2SO4单晶非线性光学性质的实验研究

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.008

M.Ya. Rudysh , J. Jędryka , G.L. Myronchuk , V.M. Kordan , R.V. Gamernyk , R.S. Brezvin , А.І. Kashuba , M.I. Shevchuk

In the work, a single crystal of Na₂SO₄ of good optical quality was obtained. Its structure was verified and crystallographic parameters were refined. The infrared transmission spectra were studied and it was shown that it is transparent in a wide spectral range. The second harmonic generation of powder samples of the Na₂SO₄ crystal at the fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm was studied. An increase in the efficiency of the second harmonic generation with an increase in the power of the fundamental beam was established. The efficiency of the SHG is greater than that for the previously studied LiNH₄SO₄ crystal in the β-modification. The nonlinear optical refraction of the Na₂SO₄ crystal under the action of a laser beam λ = 532 nm was studied. The crystal is characterized by optical self-defocusing (n₂ < 0) and the value of the obtained nonlinear optical refractive index is n₂ = −3.89 × 10⁻¹³ m²/W.

在此过程中，获得了光学性能良好的Na2SO4单晶。对其结构进行了验证，并对晶体学参数进行了细化。对其红外透射光谱进行了研究，表明其在较宽的光谱范围内是透明的。研究了Na2SO4晶体粉末样品在基波长1064 nm处的二次谐波产生。二次谐波产生的效率随着基束功率的增加而增加。在β-修饰中，SHG的效率高于先前研究的LiNH4SO4晶体。研究了Na2SO4晶体在λ = 532 nm激光束作用下的非线性光学折射。该晶体具有光学自离焦的特性（n2 < 0），得到的非线性光学折射率为n2 =−3.89 × 10−13 m2/W。

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引用次数: 0

Photolithographically fabricated FR4-Based miniaturized implantable antenna with geometric tuning for biomedical telemetry in the MICS band 光刻制备基于fr4的微型化几何调谐植入式天线，用于MICS波段的生物医学遥测

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.007

Min-Wen Wang , Wen-Quan Yan , Chun-Chieh Tseng , Jui-Han Lu , Ching-Chien Huang

This work reports the design, fabrication, and validation of a miniaturized circular monopole antenna for implantable biomedical telemetry in the MICS band. The antenna is built on a single-layer FR4 substrate and encapsulated with a PDMS biocompatible coating, enabling low-cost and scalable fabrication using standard photolithography. Key parameters such as conductor spacing, trace width, shorting element placement, and ground plane geometry were optimized to achieve compact size and stable impedance. Full-wave simulations predicted resonance at 406 MHz with a return loss of −34.23 dB, radiation efficiency of −29.59 dB, and gain of −27.91 dBi. Measurements in tissue-mimicking phantoms and porcine skin confirmed a return loss of −24.82 dB and gain of −27.94 dBi, closely matching simulations. Specific absorption rate analysis verified compliance with IEEE C95.1–1999 safety limits at 193 mW input. The proposed design integrates material choice, geometric refinement, and planar fabrication, providing a reproducible platform for next-generation implantable systems.

本研究报告了用于MICS波段植入式生物医学遥测的小型化圆形单极天线的设计、制造和验证。该天线建立在单层FR4基板上，并用PDMS生物相容性涂层封装，使用标准光刻技术实现低成本和可扩展的制造。关键参数，如导体间距，走线宽度，短路元件的位置和接地面几何结构进行了优化，以实现紧凑的尺寸和稳定的阻抗。全波仿真预测406 MHz谐振，回波损耗为−34.23 dB，辐射效率为−29.59 dB，增益为−27.91 dBi。在模拟组织模型和猪皮上的测量证实，回波损耗为- 24.82 dB，增益为- 27.94 dBi，与模拟结果非常吻合。特定吸收率分析验证符合IEEE C95.1-1999安全限制，输入为193 mW。提出的设计集成了材料选择、几何细化和平面制造，为下一代植入式系统提供了一个可复制的平台。

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引用次数: 0

Two-level system loss characterization of NbTi superconducting resonators on Si/SiO2 substrates Si/SiO2衬底NbTi超导谐振器的双能级系统损耗特性

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.010

Bongkeon Kim, Yong-Joo Doh

Superconducting coplanar waveguide (SCPW) resonators, key components for quantum computing and sensing applications, require a high internal quality factor (Q_i) for effective qubit readout and quantum sensing applications. Minimizing two-level system (TLS) losses, particularly at material interfaces, is critical for gatemon and topological qubits operating at low temperatures and in high magnetic fields. NbTi, a superconducting alloy with a high upper critical field, enables SCPW resonators resilient to such conditions. We fabricated NbTi SCPW resonators on Si/SiO₂ substrates and systematically characterized their TLS-limited quality factors as functions of temperature and microwave photon number. Our results demonstrate that NbTi-based SCPWs on Si/SiO₂ substrates provide a promising platform for developing next-generation quantum circuits.

超导共面波导（SCPW）谐振器是量子计算和传感应用的关键部件，它需要高的内部质量因子（Qi）来实现有效的量子比特读出和量子传感应用。最小化两级系统（TLS）损耗，特别是在材料界面，对于在低温和高磁场下工作的门子和拓扑量子位至关重要。NbTi是一种超导合金，具有较高的上限临界场，使SCPW谐振器能够适应这种条件。我们在Si/SiO2衬底上制备了NbTi SCPW谐振器，并系统地表征了其tls限制质量因子与温度和微波光子数的关系。我们的研究结果表明，基于nbti的Si/SiO2衬底上的SCPWs为开发下一代量子电路提供了一个有前途的平台。

引用次数: 0

Landau-Devonshire theory-based phase diagram of the bismuth ferrite and barium titanate solid solution 铁酸铋和钛酸钡固溶体的Landau-Devonshire相图

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.009

Hae In Choi , Myang Hwan Lee , Won-Jeong Kim , Tae Kwon Song

The development of high-performance, lead-free piezoelectric ceramics is essential for modern sensor and actuator applications. Bismuth ferrite-based solid solutions, like (1-x)BiFeO₃-xBaTiO₃ (BF-BT), are promising due to their high Curie temperature and high piezoelectric performance, but ambiguities persist regarding their phase transitions and the exact location of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), where piezoelectric properties are maximized. This study resolves these issues by applying Landau-Devonshire theory to construct a comprehensive phase diagram for the BF-BT system. By calculating the free energy density landscape, our theoretical model accurately reproduces the material's composition-dependent properties. The resulting phase diagram agrees well with experimental observations, predicting a coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases near x = 0.33. And our calculations identify the MPB at a composition of x = 0.375, consistent with the experimentally reported range. These findings highlight the link between phase structure and piezoelectric performance.

高性能、无铅压电陶瓷的发展对现代传感器和执行器的应用至关重要。铋铁氧体为基础的固溶体，如（1-x）BiFeO3-xBaTiO3 (BF-BT)，由于其高居里温度和高压电性能而很有前途，但关于它们的相变和取向相边界（MPB）的确切位置（压电性能最大化）仍然存在歧义。本研究运用Landau-Devonshire理论构建BF-BT系统的综合相图，解决了这些问题。通过计算自由能密度景观，我们的理论模型准确地再现了材料的成分依赖属性。得到的相图与实验观察结果吻合良好，预测在x = 0.33附近存在菱形相和四方相共存。我们的计算确定了MPB的组成为x = 0.375，与实验报告的范围一致。这些发现突出了相结构和压电性能之间的联系。

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引用次数: 0

Proton doping of graphene FETs enabled by ionic modulation from polysilazane dielectrics 质子掺杂石墨烯fet的离子调制从聚硅氮烷电介质

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.006

Kyungmin Park, Garam Bae

Graphene field-effect transistors offer great potential for next-generation electronics due to graphene's high carrier mobility and atomic-scale thickness. However, stable device operation requires precise control of the dielectric interface, which impacts carrier transport and doping. In this study, we use solution-processed polysilazane (PSZ)-derived dielectrics as both gate insulators and active ionic environments for modulating graphene's electronic properties. The PSZ films, processed under humid conditions, generate hydroxyl-rich surfaces that serve as proton reservoirs. Electrical characterization and in-situ Raman spectroscopy show that gate bias induces proton doping of graphene, manifesting as hysteresis, Dirac point shifts, and D-band enhancement arising from phonon activation and interfacial Coulombic perturbations. The device also exhibits characteristic doping and relaxation times, revealing proton migration dynamics. Our findings suggest that PSZ dielectrics provide both gate insulation and dynamic electrochemical modulation of the graphene channel, offering a new strategy for dielectric interface engineering in 2D electronic devices.

由于石墨烯的高载流子迁移率和原子尺度厚度，石墨烯场效应晶体管为下一代电子产品提供了巨大的潜力。然而，稳定的器件运行需要精确控制介电界面，这会影响载流子输运和掺杂。在这项研究中，我们使用溶液处理的聚硅氮烷（PSZ）衍生的电介质作为栅极绝缘体和活性离子环境来调节石墨烯的电子特性。在潮湿条件下加工的PSZ薄膜产生富含羟基的表面，作为质子储存器。电学表征和原位拉曼光谱分析表明，栅极偏压诱导石墨烯的质子掺杂，表现为迟滞、狄拉克点位移和声子激活和界面库仑扰动引起的d波段增强。该装置还显示出特有的掺杂和弛豫时间，揭示了质子迁移动力学。我们的研究结果表明，PSZ介电材料提供了栅极绝缘和石墨烯通道的动态电化学调制，为二维电子器件的介电界面工程提供了一种新的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Localized and delocalized electron states in TiO2 revealed using resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering 用共振非弹性软x射线散射揭示了TiO2的局域和离域电子态

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.005

Layla Mravac , Yi-De Chuang , Ji Hyeon Choi , Ji Won Han , Tae Joo Park , Kyung Won Park , Jae Hyuck Jang , Cheng-Tai Kuo , Deok-Yong Cho

Excess carriers in defective TiO₂ play a key role in determining the functionality of numerous applications including photocatalysts, memristors, etc. The electronic structures of the excess electron states derived from inherent oxygen deficiencies in a TiO₂ crystal and a TiO₂ thin film are investigated by using resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering. The results show that there exist two separable states associated with these excess electrons, that is, either local (bound) or delocalized (band-like) d electrons, and that their abundance differs significantly depending on the sample type. In the case of thin film, delocalized electron states (d-fluorescence) dominate over the localized defect states (dd excitation) showing a strong resonance effect at Ti³⁺’s excitation energy, whereas in the case of crystal, both localized and delocalized electron states weakly contribute to the defect states. Most plausibly, this discrepancy originates mainly from the distinct crystal structure of a rutile (crystal) and an anatase (thin film), implying that understanding the crystal structure dependence of intrinsic defects in TiO₂ polymorphs is crucial for engineering TiO₂'s electronic transport properties.

缺陷TiO2中多余的载流子在决定许多应用的功能方面起着关键作用，包括光催化剂、忆阻器等。采用共振非弹性软x射线散射研究了TiO2晶体和TiO2薄膜中由于固有氧缺乏而产生的多余电子态的电子结构。结果表明，这些多余电子存在两种可分离态，即局域（束缚态）或离域（类带态）d电子，它们的丰度随样品类型的不同而有显著差异。在薄膜中，离域电子态（d-荧光）主导了局域缺陷态（dd激发），在Ti3+激发能处表现出很强的共振效应，而在晶体中，局域电子态和离域电子态对缺陷态的贡献都很弱。最有可能的是，这种差异主要源于金红石（晶体）和锐钛矿（薄膜）的不同晶体结构，这意味着了解TiO2多晶态中固有缺陷的晶体结构依赖性对于设计TiO2的电子输运性质至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

A nanowatt oscillator powered only by 68 MeV proton irradiation of a crystalline silicon photodiode pair 晶体硅光电二极管对仅由68兆电子伏特质子辐照供电的纳瓦振荡器

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.004

Heinz-Christoph Neitzert , Arpana Singh , Alina Hanna Dittwald , Georgios Kourkafas

It is shown, that an ultra-low-power voltage controlled oscillator, realized with conventional NAND gates in ring-oscillator configuration, can be operated by a series connected pair of commercial Silicon pin solar cells, only irradiated by a high energy proton beam as power supply. However a very fast degradation of the solar cells is observed, leading to a stop of the oscillator operation after a very short time. By monitoring the oscillator frequency changes when the stack of photodiodes, in this case illuminated with weak ambient light, is not directly exposed to the proton beam but positioned in different positions close to the proton beam, an evaluation of the off-beam-axis irradiation damage could be done. A detailed electrical analysis of the photodiode properties before and after the direct proton irradiation has been added.

结果表明，采用传统的环形振荡器结构的NAND门实现的超低功耗压控振荡器，可以由一对串联的商用硅引脚太阳能电池来工作，只需以高能质子束照射作为电源。然而，观察到太阳能电池的快速退化，导致振荡器在很短的时间后停止运行。在弱环境光照射下，当光电二极管堆叠不直接暴露在质子束中，而是放置在靠近质子束的不同位置时，通过监测振荡器频率的变化，可以对离束轴辐射损伤进行评估。详细分析了质子直接辐照前后光电二极管的电学特性。

引用次数: 0

Scalable assembly of algorithmic DNA lattices using combined 3-input logic rules 使用组合3输入逻辑规则的可伸缩的算法DNA格组装

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.002

Thi Bich Ngoc Nguyen , Thi Hong Nhung Vu , Anshula Tandon, Sungjin Lee, Yeonju Nam, Sung Ha Park

DNA-based algorithmic self-assembly provides a versatile platform for parallel computation and nanoscale pattern generation. Logic gates constructed from DNA rule tiles enable programmable lattices capable of performing complex mathematical operations. Here, we present a combinatorial method for generating diverse algorithmic patterns using 3-input 1-output logic rules. By combining complementary rule sets (e.g., {R017, R238}) and non-complementary sets (e.g., {R019, R238}), we designed specific rule and operator tiles that reduce the number of unique tiles required while expanding the range of implementable logic functions. The resulting DNA lattices were experimentally validated using atomic force microscopy, and observed patterns closely matched theoretical predictions, demonstrating high fidelity and reliability. This approach improves scalability and efficiency compared with conventional single-rule assemblies and provides a practical route toward constructing complex computational architectures at the nanoscale, with potential applications in molecular computing, programmable nanomaterials, and DNA-based information processing.

基于dna的自组装算法为并行计算和纳米级模式生成提供了一个通用的平台。由DNA规则块构建的逻辑门使可编程晶格能够执行复杂的数学运算。在这里，我们提出了一种使用3-输入1-输出逻辑规则生成多种算法模式的组合方法。通过结合互补规则集（例如，{R017, R238}）和非互补集（例如，{R019, R238}），我们设计了特定的规则和算子块，减少了所需的唯一块的数量，同时扩大了可实现逻辑函数的范围。利用原子力显微镜对得到的DNA晶格进行了实验验证，观察到的模式与理论预测非常吻合，证明了高保真度和可靠性。与传统的单规则组件相比，这种方法提高了可扩展性和效率，并为构建纳米尺度的复杂计算架构提供了一条实用途径，在分子计算、可编程纳米材料和基于dna的信息处理方面具有潜在的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Correlation between optical thermometry and Judd–Ofelt parameters in Er3+-doped perovskite oxides Er3+掺杂钙钛矿氧化物中光学测温与Judd-Ofelt参数的相关性

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.025

C.Y. Lee, J.H. Han, Y.S. Lee

We investigate the optical thermometric performance of Er³⁺-doped perovskite oxides with thermally coupled levels (TCLs). We obtain their optical thermometric parameters, such as their fluorescence intensity ratio and temperature sensitivity, from upconversion luminescence spectra under 980 nm excitation over a wide temperature range. Subsequently, we systematically compare these experimentally determined parameters with theoretical predictions for a TCL system, in addition to parameters derived from Judd–Ofelt (J–O) analysis, which is a well-established theoretical framework that describes the radiative transitions and intensities of rare-earth (RE) ions. A close correspondence between the experimental and theoretical results is achieved when the temperature-dependent variation of the J–O parameters and the TCL gap is considered. Our findings provide valuable insights into the roles of host-lattice effects, local crystal field variations, and defect-related phenomena in governing the thermal response of RE ion-doped phosphors for optical thermometry applications.

研究了具有热偶联能级（tcl）的Er3+掺杂钙钛矿氧化物的光学测温性能。我们从宽温度范围内980 nm激发下的上转换发光光谱中获得了它们的光学测温参数，如荧光强度比和温度灵敏度。随后，我们系统地比较了这些实验确定的参数与TCL系统的理论预测，以及从Judd-Ofelt （J-O）分析中得出的参数。Judd-Ofelt （J-O）分析是一个成熟的理论框架，描述了稀土离子的辐射跃迁和强度。当考虑温度相关的J-O参数变化和TCL间隙时，实验结果与理论结果非常吻合。我们的研究结果为宿主晶格效应、局部晶体场变化和缺陷相关现象在控制光学测温应用中稀土掺杂荧光粉的热响应中的作用提供了有价值的见解。

引用次数: 0

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