Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.01.005
K.C. Lee, J.H. Han, S.W. Wi, Y.S. Lee
This study represents the first attempt to correlate the photoluminescence properties of Eu3+-doped HfW2O8 (Hf1-xEuxW2O8) with their novel thermal structural changes, i.e., negative thermal expansion (NTE). We synthesized Hf1-xEuxW2O8 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.12, and 0.15) via a fast solid state reaction method with water quenching. Temperature dependent X-ray diffraction patterns exhibited the phase transition from α-phase (P213, cubic) to β-phase (Pa-3, cubic) as the temperature increased from room temperature to 200 °C, along with highly linear contraction of lattice constants. The thermal expansion coefficient and the volume thermal expansion coefficient were determined as approximately −1.1 × 10−5 and −3.4 × 10−5, respectively. In the temperature dependent photoluminescence measurement, together with the thermal quenching behavior, we found that the asymmetric ratios decreased in accord with the structural change to higher symmetry. These findings reveal that the luminescent properties of Eu3+ are closely related to the structural properties in NTE HfW2O8.
{"title":"Structural and luminescent properties of water-quenched Eu3+-doped HfW2O8 with negative thermal expansion","authors":"K.C. Lee, J.H. Han, S.W. Wi, Y.S. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study represents the first attempt to correlate the photoluminescence properties of Eu<sup>3+</sup>-doped HfW<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> (Hf<sub>1-x</sub>Eu<sub>x</sub>W<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>) with their novel thermal structural changes, i.e., negative thermal expansion (NTE). We synthesized Hf<sub>1-x</sub>Eu<sub>x</sub>W<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.12, and 0.15) via a fast solid state reaction method with water quenching. Temperature dependent X-ray diffraction patterns exhibited the phase transition from α-phase (<em>P2</em><sub><em>1</em></sub><em>3</em>, cubic) to β-phase (<em>Pa-3</em>, cubic) as the temperature increased from room temperature to 200 °C, along with highly linear contraction of lattice constants. The thermal expansion coefficient and the volume thermal expansion coefficient were determined as approximately −1.1 × 10<sup>−5</sup> and −3.4 × 10<sup>−5</sup>, respectively. In the temperature dependent photoluminescence measurement, together with the thermal quenching behavior, we found that the asymmetric ratios decreased in accord with the structural change to higher symmetry. These findings reveal that the luminescent properties of Eu<sup>3+</sup> are closely related to the structural properties in NTE HfW<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 130-137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Owing to their small size, and unique physical and chemical properties, zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have been increasingly critically analyzed for their potential applications in the fields of biology, chemistry, food science, and energy. This study systematically explores the multifunctional capabilities of CDs, emphasizing recent advancements in their synthesis techniques, precise characterization methods, and their tailored applications across interdisciplinary domains. The applications of CDs, which are generally smaller than 10 nm, in myriad fields are ascribed to their intrinsic merits of good biocompatibility, little cytotoxicity, good stability, and large specific surface area. The development of CDs along with their accurate characterization, and their successful implementation into faster, less expensive, and more reliable systems in a variety of scientific fields are testimony to how science has advanced and merged to create interdisciplinary fields. Despite extensive research, there is still the need to overcome the problem of large-scale production and improve quantum yield as well as functionality for specific applications, which this study seeks to analyze. Thus, a new era in nanotechnology has begun with the advancement in the exploration of CDs for applications in new and emerging scientific fields. CDs exhibit a huge number of distinctive physiochemical, photophysical, and photochemical properties which makes them a suitable platform for applications related to imaging, environmental remediation, catalysis, biology, and energy. The present research, therefore, focuses on the function and importance of CDs, as well as their synthesis, properties, and new developments in several fields of application.
{"title":"Exploring the multifunctionality of carbon dots: Advances in synthesis, properties, and applications","authors":"Soumya Pandit , Nishant Ranjan , Rajan Verma , Kuldeep Sharma , Richa Tomar , Firdaus Mohamad Hamzah","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to their small size, and unique physical and chemical properties, zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have been increasingly critically analyzed for their potential applications in the fields of biology, chemistry, food science, and energy. This study systematically explores the multifunctional capabilities of CDs, emphasizing recent advancements in their synthesis techniques, precise characterization methods, and their tailored applications across interdisciplinary domains. The applications of CDs, which are generally smaller than 10 nm, in myriad fields are ascribed to their intrinsic merits of good biocompatibility, little cytotoxicity, good stability, and large specific surface area. The development of CDs along with their accurate characterization, and their successful implementation into faster, less expensive, and more reliable systems in a variety of scientific fields are testimony to how science has advanced and merged to create interdisciplinary fields. Despite extensive research, there is still the need to overcome the problem of large-scale production and improve quantum yield as well as functionality for specific applications, which this study seeks to analyze. Thus, a new era in nanotechnology has begun with the advancement in the exploration of CDs for applications in new and emerging scientific fields. CDs exhibit a huge number of distinctive physiochemical, photophysical, and photochemical properties which makes them a suitable platform for applications related to imaging, environmental remediation, catalysis, biology, and energy. The present research, therefore, focuses on the function and importance of CDs, as well as their synthesis, properties, and new developments in several fields of application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 106-119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.01.002
Amnani Abu Bakar , N.H. Hashim , H.A. Tajuddin , A.S. Sadun , Z.H.Z. Abidin
Achieving robust adhesion and cost-efficiency in silver (Ag) thin films is pivotal for advancing microelectronic applications, owing to Ag's exceptional low resistivity and thermal stability. This study investigates an optimized approach to hydroxylate glass substrates, effectively eliminating the reliance on conventional adhesive layers. Among five chemical cleaning methods evaluated, immersion in concentrated H₂SO₄, followed by thorough rinsing with deionized water and ultrasonication in ethanol, emerged as the most effective. This method produced highly hydrophilic surfaces with a contact angle (CA) of 6.6°. The resulting Ag films, deposited via physical vapor deposition, demonstrated excellent adhesion without peeling, while also exhibiting smooth and uniform surfaces ideal for subsequent functionalization. By streamlining substrate preparation, this methodology enhances the fabrication efficiency of high-performance microelectronic devices, offering a practical and scalable solution for industrial applications.
{"title":"Eliminating adhesive layers in silver metallization: A comparative study of glass cleaning methods for enhanced hydroxylation and adhesion","authors":"Amnani Abu Bakar , N.H. Hashim , H.A. Tajuddin , A.S. Sadun , Z.H.Z. Abidin","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving robust adhesion and cost-efficiency in silver (Ag) thin films is pivotal for advancing microelectronic applications, owing to Ag's exceptional low resistivity and thermal stability. This study investigates an optimized approach to hydroxylate glass substrates, effectively eliminating the reliance on conventional adhesive layers. Among five chemical cleaning methods evaluated, immersion in concentrated H₂SO₄, followed by thorough rinsing with deionized water and ultrasonication in ethanol, emerged as the most effective. This method produced highly hydrophilic surfaces with a contact angle (CA) of 6.6°. The resulting Ag films, deposited via physical vapor deposition, demonstrated excellent adhesion without peeling, while also exhibiting smooth and uniform surfaces ideal for subsequent functionalization. By streamlining substrate preparation, this methodology enhances the fabrication efficiency of high-performance microelectronic devices, offering a practical and scalable solution for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 138-143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.011
Ha Thi Dang , Ba-Hieu Vu , Van-Hai Dinh , Le Van Lich
The quest for environmentally friendly lead-free dielectrics with exceptional energy storage performance poses a significant challenge. Here, we propose an alternative approach through a rational design of lead-free ferroelectric/paraelectric (BiFeO3/SrTiO3) multilayers. Utilizing the phase-field model, we demonstrate that the energy storage density and charge–discharge efficiency can be optimized by adjusting the volume fractions of BiFeO3. A volume fraction of 0.69 BiFeO3 yields the highest discharge energy storage density (58.01 J/cm3) and near-perfect charge-discharge efficiency (99.8%) at 4 MV/cm. The multilayers exhibit varying hysteresis behaviors, from ferroelectric to relaxor to paraelectric-like characteristics, depending on the BiFeO3 ratio. This study reveals that different polarization domain structures correspond to these behaviors, transitioning from stripe to spiral to in-plane patterns as the ferroelectric volume is reduced. Notably, the polarization spiral structure maintains excellent energy storage across temperatures up to 550 ∘C. These insights are crucial for developing high-performance dielectrics for electrical energy storage.
{"title":"Enhanced energy storage performance of lead-free bismuth ferrite-strontium titanate multilayers via polarization spiral structures","authors":"Ha Thi Dang , Ba-Hieu Vu , Van-Hai Dinh , Le Van Lich","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quest for environmentally friendly lead-free dielectrics with exceptional energy storage performance poses a significant challenge. Here, we propose an alternative approach through a rational design of lead-free ferroelectric/paraelectric (BiFeO<sub>3</sub>/SrTiO<sub>3</sub>) multilayers. Utilizing the phase-field model, we demonstrate that the energy storage density and charge–discharge efficiency can be optimized by adjusting the volume fractions of BiFeO<sub>3</sub>. A volume fraction of 0.69 BiFeO<sub>3</sub> yields the highest discharge energy storage density (58.01 J/cm<sup>3</sup>) and near-perfect charge-discharge efficiency (99.8%) at 4 MV/cm. The multilayers exhibit varying hysteresis behaviors, from ferroelectric to relaxor to paraelectric-like characteristics, depending on the BiFeO<sub>3</sub> ratio. This study reveals that different polarization domain structures correspond to these behaviors, transitioning from stripe to spiral to in-plane patterns as the ferroelectric volume is reduced. Notably, the polarization spiral structure maintains excellent energy storage across temperatures up to 550<!--> <sup>∘</sup>C. These insights are crucial for developing high-performance dielectrics for electrical energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.012
Han-Byul Jang , Jaehyun Lee , Younjung Jo , Chan-Ho Yang
The magnetic-field-induced superconductor-to-insulator transition (SIT) was investigated in highly disordered La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 thin films. By systematically reducing the film thickness, disorder effects were enhanced, leading to the coexistence of superconducting and insulating phases at low temperatures. Electronic transport measurements revealed the formation of an intermediate mosaic phase, where localized Cooper pairs coexist with a coherent superconducting state. Near the quantum phase transition, scaling analysis determined a critical resistance Rc = 5.72 kΩ, consistent with the universal quantum resistance RQ = h/4e2 for Cooper pairs. The critical product of the spatial and dynamic critical exponents aligns with the classical percolation universality class, emphasizing the role of percolation in governing the SIT under strong disorder. These results provide new insights into the quantum critical behavior and phase evolution of disordered superconducting systems.
{"title":"Magnetic-field-tuned superconductor-to-insulator transition via mosaic phase in cuprate thin films","authors":"Han-Byul Jang , Jaehyun Lee , Younjung Jo , Chan-Ho Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The magnetic-field-induced superconductor-to-insulator transition (SIT) was investigated in highly disordered La<sub>1.85</sub>Sr<sub>0.15</sub>CuO<sub>4</sub> thin films. By systematically reducing the film thickness, disorder effects were enhanced, leading to the coexistence of superconducting and insulating phases at low temperatures. Electronic transport measurements revealed the formation of an intermediate mosaic phase, where localized Cooper pairs coexist with a coherent superconducting state. Near the quantum phase transition, scaling analysis determined a critical resistance <em>R</em><sub>c</sub> = 5.72 kΩ, consistent with the universal quantum resistance <em>R</em><sub>Q</sub> = <em>h</em>/4<em>e</em><sup>2</sup> for Cooper pairs. The critical product of the spatial and dynamic critical exponents <span><math><mrow><mi>z</mi><mi>ν</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1.33</mn></mrow></math></span> aligns with the classical percolation universality class, emphasizing the role of percolation in governing the SIT under strong disorder. These results provide new insights into the quantum critical behavior and phase evolution of disordered superconducting systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 120-124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.009
Andrei I. Siahlo , Sergey A. Vyrko , Andrey M. Popov , Nikolai A. Poklonski , Yurii E. Lozovik
The scheme and operational principles of the nanoelectromechanical memory cells are proposed. These cells, which use two electrodes and a third gate electrode, operate by electrostatic unrolling of a carbon nanoscroll due to an applied voltage. Memory cell operation relies on two stable states: nonconducting Off state (rolled nanoscroll) and conducting On state (partially or fully unrolled nanoscroll). Based on the analysis of the memory cell energetics, the switching voltage between Off and On states is calculated as a function of the cell dimensions. The lower limit of the switching voltage is estimated to be about 5 V for two electrode cells and 15 V for cells with a third gate electrode. For cell dimensions that result in full nanoscroll unrolling in the On state, a return to the Off state is impossible. These cells are promising for archival memory applications, and the optimal cell dimensions for such applications are determined.
{"title":"Carbon nanoscroll-based memory cell","authors":"Andrei I. Siahlo , Sergey A. Vyrko , Andrey M. Popov , Nikolai A. Poklonski , Yurii E. Lozovik","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The scheme and operational principles of the nanoelectromechanical memory cells are proposed. These cells, which use two electrodes and a third gate electrode, operate by electrostatic unrolling of a carbon nanoscroll due to an applied voltage. Memory cell operation relies on two stable states: nonconducting Off state (rolled nanoscroll) and conducting On state (partially or fully unrolled nanoscroll). Based on the analysis of the memory cell energetics, the switching voltage between Off and On states is calculated as a function of the cell dimensions. The lower limit of the switching voltage is estimated to be about 5 V for two electrode cells and 15 V for cells with a third gate electrode. For cell dimensions that result in full nanoscroll unrolling in the On state, a return to the Off state is impossible. These cells are promising for archival memory applications, and the optimal cell dimensions for such applications are determined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.008
Ftema W. Aldbea , C. Va'zques- Va'zquez , M.A. Abobaker , A.Y. Alsteeni , A. Saad , A. Sharma , Pramod K. Singh , Markus Diantoro , M. May , T. Abdullah , A. Edhirej , S.M. Aldosari , M. Kraini
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) powders were prepared via sol-gel method. The samples underwent three-hours of calcination process between 1100 and 1200° C. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze structural properties, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was employed to assess morphological characteristics, UV–visible (UV/vis) and Raman spectroscopies were used for determining the optical properties. According to the XRD data, the samples display α- Al2O3 type in the hexagonal structure. As the calcination temperature increases, the lattice parameters of both samples remain unchanged, recording values of a = 4.76 ± 0.10 Å and c = 12.98 ± 0.10 Å. The crystalline size increases from 35.0 ± 0.1 to 38.0 ± 0.1 nm as calcination temperature increases from 1100 to 1200 °C, respectively. At 1100 °C the sample shows the presence many pores mixed with needles-like structures; with a further increase in the calcination temperature to 1200 °C, the sample shows large and porous particles. There is no change in the energy gap with increasing calcination temperatures; their values of 3.8 and 4.5 eV are recorded. This could be due to the Al2O3 being stable at high calcination temperature. Raman spectra of both samples showed the active mode A1g located at 415 and 643 cm−1 and the other Raman active mode of Eg located at 376, 429, 575 and 749 cm−1, these results are close to Raman spectra for single crystalline α-Al2O3 but with slight differences in Raman peak positions which could be due to the disorder vibration of active phonon.
sanalysis are also discussed.
{"title":"Structural and optical properties of α aluminum oxide prepared by sol-gel method","authors":"Ftema W. Aldbea , C. Va'zques- Va'zquez , M.A. Abobaker , A.Y. Alsteeni , A. Saad , A. Sharma , Pramod K. Singh , Markus Diantoro , M. May , T. Abdullah , A. Edhirej , S.M. Aldosari , M. Kraini","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) powders were prepared <em>via</em> sol-gel method. The samples underwent three-hours of calcination process between 1100 and 1200° C. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze structural properties, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was employed to assess morphological characteristics, UV–visible (UV/vis) and Raman spectroscopies were used for determining the optical properties. According to the XRD data, the samples display α- Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> type in the hexagonal structure. As the calcination temperature increases, the lattice parameters of both samples remain unchanged, recording values of <em>a</em> = 4.76 ± 0.10 Å and c = 12.98 ± 0.10 Å. The crystalline size increases from 35.0 ± 0.1 to 38.0 ± 0.1 nm as calcination temperature increases from 1100 to 1200 °C, respectively. At 1100 °C the sample shows the presence many pores mixed with needles-like structures; with a further increase in the calcination temperature to 1200 °C, the sample shows large and porous particles. There is no change in the energy gap with increasing calcination temperatures; their values of 3.8 and 4.5 eV are recorded. This could be due to the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> being stable at high calcination temperature. Raman spectra of both samples showed the active mode A1g located at 415 and 643 cm<sup>−1</sup> and the other Raman active mode of Eg located at 376, 429, 575 and 749 cm<sup>−1</sup>, these results are close to Raman spectra for single crystalline α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> but with slight differences in Raman peak positions which could be due to the disorder vibration of active phonon.</div><div>sanalysis are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 85-90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.010
M.S. Kim , J.S. Kim , B.N. Chae , J.S. Lee
We visualized surface plasmon in poly- and single-crystalline Cu films by exploiting nano-infrared imaging. We clearly observed oscillating patterns in both films which are attributed to the surface plasmon launched from the film edge and the atomic force microscope tip. The surface plasmons observed for poly- and single-crystalline Cu films have different oscillating periods for the given wavelength of incident beam, and different slopes of the surface plasmon dispersion. These behaviors could be understood by a corresponding difference in dielectric constants of the dielectric layer on top of the Cu films; a relatively smaller dielectric constant is required to fit the surface plasmon's dispersion relation of the single-crystalline Cu film implying that the oxidized layer formed on the Cu film surface is thinner than for the poly-crystalline film. This result is in good agreement with the previous observation about the robustness of the single-crystalline Cu film against the surface oxidation.
{"title":"Crystallinity-dependent surface oxidation in Cu Films revealed by a visualization of surface plasmon","authors":"M.S. Kim , J.S. Kim , B.N. Chae , J.S. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We visualized surface plasmon in poly- and single-crystalline Cu films by exploiting nano-infrared imaging. We clearly observed oscillating patterns in both films which are attributed to the surface plasmon launched from the film edge and the atomic force microscope tip. The surface plasmons observed for poly- and single-crystalline Cu films have different oscillating periods for the given wavelength of incident beam, and different slopes of the surface plasmon dispersion. These behaviors could be understood by a corresponding difference in dielectric constants of the dielectric layer on top of the Cu films; a relatively smaller dielectric constant is required to fit the surface plasmon's dispersion relation of the single-crystalline Cu film implying that the oxidized layer formed on the Cu film surface is thinner than for the poly-crystalline film. This result is in good agreement with the previous observation about the robustness of the single-crystalline Cu film against the surface oxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 80-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.007
Amitkumar R. Patil , Tukaram D. Dongale , Keshav Y. Rajpure
Metal tungstates are emerging as promising materials for resistive memory applications due to their excellent resistive switching (RS) properties. This review explores the potential of metal tungstate-based devices for non-volatile memory applications. It summarizes the recent advancements in material design, device fabrication, and RS mechanisms. The key performance characteristics, including retention time, endurance, and switching speed, are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of metal tungstates in resistive memory technology are addressed.
{"title":"Metal tungstates for resistive memory applications: A mini review","authors":"Amitkumar R. Patil , Tukaram D. Dongale , Keshav Y. Rajpure","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal tungstates are emerging as promising materials for resistive memory applications due to their excellent resistive switching (RS) properties. This review explores the potential of metal tungstate-based devices for non-volatile memory applications. It summarizes the recent advancements in material design, device fabrication, and RS mechanisms. The key performance characteristics, including retention time, endurance, and switching speed, are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of metal tungstates in resistive memory technology are addressed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 70-79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Air pollution in megacities is increasing due to high population density, vehicles, industry, and waste burning which negatively affects health and climate. Greater Noida is a rapidly urbanizing city in Uttar Pradesh where particulate matter research is crucial but limited. This study analyzed the particulate matter in Greater Noida, India during the winter of 2023. The average values of PM2.5 and PM10 were 106.97 μg m−3 and 457.36 μg m−3, respectively. Further to study the physiochemical characteristics of particulate matter various techniques were used, including XRD, FT-IR, and FE-SEM coupled with EDX. The presence of minerals like calcite, dolomite, vaterite, and quartz at all sampling sites was identified by FT-IR and XRD techniques. The presence of magnesium was ascertained using dolomite's characteristic peaks. EDX spectra confirm the presence of iron oxides (magnetite and hematite). Analysis shows quartz, iron, biological particles, carbonates, and carbonaceous particles in the study area. C, O, B, Mg, Si, Ca, Cl, Al, Na, K, Zn, and S are the elements found in the study area. Different types of particles, including carbonaceous, iron-containing, feldspar, quartz, calcium-rich, and chlorine-rich particles, were found. Factors affecting air quality near the sampling site include dust, biological emissions, construction activities, and industrial emissions. Combining these methods provides a comprehensive approach to understanding the complex nature of PM in the environment, contributing to a better understanding of its origin, transformation, and potential impacts on health and the environment.
{"title":"Physiochemical characterization of ambient PM10 and PM2.5 in an urban environment","authors":"Naresh Kumar , Firdaus Mohamad Hamzah , Markus Diantoro , Nabilah Akemal Muhd Zailani , Suman","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air pollution in megacities is increasing due to high population density, vehicles, industry, and waste burning which negatively affects health and climate. Greater Noida is a rapidly urbanizing city in Uttar Pradesh where particulate matter research is crucial but limited. This study analyzed the particulate matter in Greater Noida, India during the winter of 2023. The average values of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> were 106.97 μg m<sup>−3</sup> and 457.36 μg m<sup>−3</sup>, respectively. Further to study the physiochemical characteristics of particulate matter various techniques were used, including XRD, FT-IR, and FE-SEM coupled with EDX. The presence of minerals like calcite, dolomite, vaterite, and quartz at all sampling sites was identified by FT-IR and XRD techniques. The presence of magnesium was ascertained using dolomite's characteristic peaks. EDX spectra confirm the presence of iron oxides (magnetite and hematite). Analysis shows quartz, iron, biological particles, carbonates, and carbonaceous particles in the study area. C, O, B, Mg, Si, Ca, Cl, Al, Na, K, Zn, and S are the elements found in the study area. Different types of particles, including carbonaceous, iron-containing, feldspar, quartz, calcium-rich, and chlorine-rich particles, were found. Factors affecting air quality near the sampling site include dust, biological emissions, construction activities, and industrial emissions. Combining these methods provides a comprehensive approach to understanding the complex nature of PM in the environment, contributing to a better understanding of its origin, transformation, and potential impacts on health and the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 57-69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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