Current Applied Physics最新文献

英文中文

Comparative morphological analysis of electrospun PAN/PVDF nanofibers for waterproof breathable membrane applications 静电纺PAN/PVDF纳米纤维防水透气膜的形态对比分析

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.017

Wahyu Solafide Sipahutar , Rizky Aflaha , Alex Triputra Lumban Tobing , Tarmizi Taher , Kuwat Triyana , Hutomo Suryo Wasisto , Aldes Lesbani , Aditya Rianjanu

Waterproof and breathable membranes are critical for protective textiles, filtration, and wearable applications. However, balancing water resistance with vapor permeability remains challenging. This study investigates the morphological effects of electrospun polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene fluoride (PAN/PVDF) nanofiber membranes on their waterproofness, breathability, and mechanical integrity. Varying polymer concentration can control fiber diameter (224–1379 nm) and bead formation, influencing membrane properties. Increasing fiber diameter enhances mechanical strength, with Young's modulus rising from 22.5 MPa to 34.1 MPa. All fabricated membranes exhibit excellent waterproofness, while the larger, bead-free fibers possess improved water vapor transmission and slightly reduced air permeability. FTIR analysis confirms consistent chemical composition across samples. These findings demonstrate that nanofiber morphology can be tailored to optimize performance, offering valuable insights for the development of multifunctional membranes for environmental, industrial, and wearable use.

防水和透气膜对防护纺织品、过滤和可穿戴应用至关重要。然而，平衡抗水性和透气性仍然是一个挑战。本研究研究了聚丙烯腈/聚偏氟乙烯（PAN/PVDF）纳米纤维膜的形态对其防水、透气性和机械完整性的影响。不同的聚合物浓度可以控制纤维直径（224-1379 nm）和珠粒的形成，影响膜的性能。纤维直径增大，机械强度提高，杨氏模量由22.5 MPa增加到34.1 MPa。所有制备的膜都具有优异的防水性能，而较大的无珠纤维具有改善的水蒸气透过性和略微降低的透气性。FTIR分析证实样品的化学成分一致。这些发现表明，纳米纤维形态可以定制以优化性能，为开发用于环境、工业和可穿戴用途的多功能膜提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Multifunctional optoelectronic element based on n-InSe layered semiconductor doped with rare-earth elements 基于掺稀土元素n-InSe层状半导体的多功能光电元件

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.019

T.G. Naghiyev , R.F. Babayeva , A. Sh Abdinov

The switching effect, the “phototrigger effect,” and electroluminescence were experimentally investigated in both pure and rare-earth (Ho and Er) doped n-InSe crystals. It was established that, under certain conditions, all three effects can be observed simultaneously in the same sample for both groups of crystals. For pure crystals, the parameters of these effects depend on the initial dark resistivity measured at 77 K. In contrast, for rare earth element (REE) doped crystals, the parameters do not depend on the chemical nature of the dopant but vary non-monotonically with its concentration (N_REE). The most stable characteristics were observed in pure crystals with the lowest initial specific dark resistivity, and in doped crystals with 10⁻²<N_REE<10⁻¹ at.%. The underlying physical mechanisms of these results are qualitatively discussed, and the potential applications of such effects in optoelectronic devices are highlighted.

在纯和稀土（Ho和Er）掺杂的n-InSe晶体中，实验研究了开关效应、“光触发效应”和电致发光。在一定条件下，可以在同一样品中同时观察到两组晶体的三种效应。对于纯晶体，这些影响的参数取决于在77 K时测量的初始暗电阻率。相反，对于稀土元素（REE）掺杂晶体，参数不依赖于掺杂物的化学性质，而是随其浓度（NREE）非单调变化。在具有最低初始比暗电阻率的纯晶体和具有10−2<；NREE<10−1 at.%的掺杂晶体中，观察到最稳定的特性。定性地讨论了这些结果的潜在物理机制，并强调了这些效应在光电器件中的潜在应用。

引用次数: 0

Asymmetric-gate Mach–Zehnder interferometry in graphene: Multi-path conductance oscillations and visibility characteristics 石墨烯中的非对称门Mach-Zehnder干涉测量：多径电导振荡和可见性特性

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.016

Taegeun Song , Nojoon Myoung

Graphene provides an excellent platform for investigating electron quantum interference due to its outstanding coherent properties. In the quantum Hall regime, Mach–Zehnder (MZ) electronic interferometers are realized using p–n junctions in graphene, where electron interference is highly protected against decoherence. In this work, we present a phenomenological framework for graphene-based MZ interferometry with asymmetric p–n junction configurations. We show that the enclosed interferometer area can be tuned by asymmetric gate potentials, and additional MZ pathways emerge in higher-filling-factor scenarios, e.g.,

(ν_{n}, ν_{p}) = (- 3, + 3)

. The resulting complicated beat oscillations in asymmetric-gate MZ interference are efficiently analyzed using a machine-learning-based Fourier transform, which yields improved peak-to-background ratios compared to conventional signal-processing techniques. Furthermore, we examine the impact of the asymmetric gate on the interference visibility, finding that interference visibility is enhanced under symmetric gate conditions.

石墨烯由于其出色的相干特性，为研究电子量子干涉提供了一个很好的平台。在量子霍尔体系中，马赫-曾德尔（MZ）电子干涉仪是利用石墨烯中的p-n结实现的，石墨烯中的电子干扰具有高度的退相干性。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个具有不对称pn结结构的石墨烯基MZ干涉测量的现象学框架。我们表明，封闭的干涉仪区域可以通过不对称门电位进行调谐，并且在高填充因子的情况下出现额外的MZ通路，例如(νn,νp)=(−3,+3)。使用基于机器学习的傅立叶变换有效地分析了非对称门MZ干扰中产生的复杂拍振荡，与传统的信号处理技术相比，该方法产生了更好的峰背景比。此外，我们研究了非对称栅极对干扰可见性的影响，发现对称栅极条件下干扰可见性增强。

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引用次数: 0

Tuning growth parameter for the controlled synthesis of 2D WS2 二维WS2可控合成的生长参数调整

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.018

Nishtha Sagta, Ajay Kumar Mishra

The atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) synthesis of high-quality 2D WS₂ (tungsten disulfide) critically depends on the precise timing of sulfur vapor introduction. This study investigates the role of sulfur-rich environment and growth time on the surface morphology of 2D WS₂ films on the silicon substrate. Three different varying sets of parameters, designated as SP₁, SP₂, and SP₃, were examined to optimize the time of sulfur vapor introduction. This process enabled the formation of large mono- and bi-layer triangular islands, with flake sizes ranging from ∼70 to 164 μm, as well as long few-layer structures. The atomically thin WS₂ exhibited strong photoluminescence (PL) at ∼1.93 eV, with a ∼70-fold enhancement and a full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of ∼12 nm. The optimized SP₃ parameters were applied using the sapphire substrate, and the results were consistent. Thus, this study highlights the crucial role of sulfur vapor synchronization in WS₂ synthesis, enabling control over their morphology, growth and size.

常压化学气相沉积（APCVD）法制备高质量二维WS2（二硫化钨）关键取决于硫蒸汽引入的精确时间。本文研究了富硫环境和生长时间对硅衬底上二维WS2薄膜表面形貌的影响。采用SP1、SP2和SP3 3个不同的参数集来优化硫蒸汽的引入时间。这个过程可以形成大的单层和双层三角形岛，鳞片尺寸范围从~ 70到164 μm，以及长而少层的结构。原子薄的WS2在~ 1.93 eV下表现出强烈的光致发光（PL），增强了~ 70倍，半最大值全宽度（FWHM）为~ 12 nm。在蓝宝石衬底上应用优化后的SP3参数，结果一致。因此，本研究强调了硫蒸气同步在WS2合成中的关键作用，使其能够控制其形态，生长和尺寸。

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引用次数: 0

Intrinsic chirality in two-dimensional dimer photonic crystals enabled by cross-polarization-suppressed bound states in the continuum 连续介质中交叉极化抑制束缚态使二维二聚体光子晶体的本征手性成为可能

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.015

Kyungnam Kang , Youngjun Chung , Gyuin Baek , Myungjae Lee

Breaking in-plane and out-of-plane symmetries in photonic crystals is key to achieving intrinsic chirality, enabling chiroptical responses and chiral emission. Bound states in the continuum enhance quality factors and light-matter interactions, but achieving both high quality factor and true intrinsic chirality is challenging, as three-dimensional chiral structures are complex to fabricate and conventional two-dimensional designs often rely on polarization conversion. Here, we demonstrate an intrinsically chiral two-dimensional planar photonic crystal slab based on a quasi-bound state in the continuum that breaks only in-plane symmetry using nanohole dimers. The proposed slab selectively couples to circular polarization regardless of incident direction without out-of-plane perturbations. Co-polarized circular dichroism and the degree of circular polarization of chiral emission reach −0.96 and 0.73, respectively, with a high quality factor of 4892. Our design is compatible with standard top-down lithography and offers potential for chiral lasing and sensing.

打破光子晶体的面内和面外对称性是实现本征性、实现手性响应和手性发射的关键。连续介质中的束缚态增强了质量因子和光-物质相互作用，但由于三维手性结构制造复杂，传统的二维设计往往依赖于偏振转换，因此实现高质量因子和光-物质相互作用是具有挑战性的。在这里，我们展示了一个基于准束缚态的内在手性二维平面光子晶体板，该板仅使用纳米孔二聚体打破面内对称性。所提出的平板与圆偏振的选择性耦合与入射方向无关，且无面外扰动。手性发射的共偏振圆二色性和圆偏振度分别达到- 0.96和0.73，高品质因子为4892。我们的设计兼容标准的自顶向下光刻，并提供潜在的手性激光和传感。

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引用次数: 0

Crystal-liquid interfacial free energy and thermophysical properties of refractory Mo, Nb and Ta pure metal elements 难熔Mo， Nb和Ta纯金属元素的晶液界面自由能和热物理性质

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.013

Yong Chan Cho , Shraddha Ganorkar , Lei Wang , Sangho Jeon , John Jonghyun Lee , Yun-Hee Lee , Geun Woo Lee

The crystal-liquid interfacial free energy (IFE) plays a crucial role in understanding crystal nucleation and growth phenomena across various scientific research fields. Measuring the IFE is very challenging under high-temperature environments, due to the volatility, reactivity, and contamination of molten metals that can result in ambiguous understanding of nucleation. It has been known that container-free techniques can overcome the experimental difficulties. In this study, we measure thermophysical parameters of the refractory metallic liquids (i.e., Nb, Mo, and Ta) and calculate their IFE. These results will be useful for understanding the fundamentals of nucleation and glass formation under high-temperature environment, as well as for designing new materials.

晶体-液界面自由能（IFE）在许多科学研究领域对晶体成核和生长现象的理解起着至关重要的作用。由于挥发性、反应性和熔融金属的污染，在高温环境下测量IFE是非常具有挑战性的，这可能导致对成核的模糊理解。众所周知，无容器技术可以克服实验上的困难。在本研究中，我们测量了难熔金属液体（即Nb， Mo和Ta）的热物性参数并计算了它们的IFE。这些结果将有助于了解高温环境下成核和玻璃形成的基本原理，以及设计新材料。

引用次数: 0

Simulations of parallel electrode glow discharge and comparison with experimental results 平行电极辉光放电的模拟及与实验结果的比较

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.012

Mubashair Imran , Majid Khan , A. Qayyum , K. Ahmad , S. Ahmad , M. Kamran

This paper uses COMSOL Multiphysics simulations and experiments to provide insight into the plasma features of a parallel electrode DC glow discharge system. Nitrogen gas has been selected for plasma discharge due to its widespread use in plasma nitriding, which enhances the tribological properties of materials. The study looks at how DC power changes the important plasma parameters, like the electron temperature and the electron number density, while keeping the gas pressure the same. Additionally, the effect of varying gas-filled pressure was analyzed with fixed DC power. Experimental validation is carried out in a cylindrical shaped vacuum chamber with the same geometric configuration and input conditions. The comparison between simulated results and experimental outcomes shows a similar trend, although the magnitudes of simulated results are a little bit higher. This variation may be due to differences between theoretical modeling and actual plasma behavior. Based on these observations, the discharge system has been optimized for precise pressure and power conditions to improve its effectiveness in plasma nitriding applications. The findings contribute to better control and efficiency in plasma-based surface treatment processes.

本文利用COMSOL多物理场模拟和实验，深入研究了并联电极直流辉光放电系统的等离子体特性。由于氮气在等离子体氮化中广泛使用，因此选择氮气作为等离子体放电材料，以提高材料的摩擦学性能。该研究着眼于直流电源如何改变重要的等离子体参数，如电子温度和电子数密度，同时保持气体压力不变。此外，还分析了在固定直流功率条件下，不同充气压力的影响。在具有相同几何结构和输入条件的圆柱形真空室中进行了实验验证。模拟结果与实验结果的对比显示出类似的趋势，尽管模拟结果的幅度略高。这种变化可能是由于理论模型和实际等离子体行为之间的差异。基于这些观察结果，对放电系统进行了精确的压力和功率条件优化，以提高其在等离子体氮化应用中的有效性。这些发现有助于等离子体表面处理过程的更好控制和效率。

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引用次数: 0

Flexible screen-printed graphene oxide-based biosensor for sweat sodium detection 用于汗液钠检测的柔性丝网印刷氧化石墨烯生物传感器

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.010

L. Marini , P. Chithra Lekha , Roop L. Mahajan , T. Devasena

Sweat contains valuable biomarkers indicative of physiological health conditions such as electrolyte imbalance, stress, and disease, enabling continuous, non-invasive monitoring through miniaturized wearable electrochemical biosensors. Here, a flexible, cost-effective electrochemical sweat Na⁺ ion sensor is fabricated using a screen-printing method on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The sensor incorporates a low-cost Ion-Selective Layer (ISL) and graphene oxide (GO) enhancing sensitivity and electrochemical performance across a broad range of Na⁺ ions. The sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 1.213 mA/mM.cm², low limit detection of 14.49 mM, and good stability. Real-time sweat analysis demonstrated Na⁺ ion levels of 19 mM in the morning and 23 mM in the evening aligning with the analytical range of Na⁺ ion concentration in sweat. This work addresses challenges in precision and individual variability in Na⁺ ion concentration highlighting the potential of scalable, affordable sensors in wearables technology for personalized health monitoring.

汗液包含有价值的生物标志物，表明生理健康状况，如电解质失衡、压力和疾病，可以通过微型可穿戴电化学生物传感器进行连续、无创监测。在这里，使用丝网印刷方法在柔性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）衬底上制造了一种柔性的，具有成本效益的电化学汗液Na+离子传感器。该传感器结合了低成本的离子选择层（ISL）和氧化石墨烯（GO），提高了在广泛的Na+离子范围内的灵敏度和电化学性能。该传感器具有1.213 mA/mM的高灵敏度。cm2，下限检出14.49 mM，稳定性好。实时汗液分析显示，上午19 mM和晚上23 mM的Na+离子水平与汗液中Na+离子浓度的分析范围一致。这项工作解决了Na+离子浓度在精度和个体可变性方面的挑战，突出了可穿戴技术中可扩展、价格合理的传感器在个性化健康监测方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Autonomous sampling of α-Fe2O3 hollow microspheres with carbon-stabilized defects: calcination-tuned humidity sensor performance 具有碳稳定缺陷的α-Fe2O3空心微球的自主采样：煅烧调谐湿度传感器性能

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.011

Islam Gomaa , Raiedhah A. Alsaiari , Mohamed Morsy , Moustafa A. Rizk

Defect control and surface chemistry remain critical bottlenecks in advancing metal-oxide humidity sensors. We report a scalable mechano-thermal strategy for fabricating carbon-doped α-Fe₂O₃ hollow microspheres, whose intrinsic voids act as autonomous sampling chambers. Systematic calcination (500–900 °C) enables precise tuning of crystallite size (38.2–87.6 nm), lattice strain (0.10–0.77 %), dislocation density (1.4 × 10⁻⁴–3.07 × 10⁻³ nm⁻²), and carbon content (21 → 14 wt%), thereby modulating carbon–oxygen moieties that govern water adsorption and proton-hopping conduction. Spectroscopic analyses reveal a stable Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ surface ratio and C–Fe–O interactions, generating hydrophilic adsorption sites and activating a dual-regime mechanism: ionic conduction dominates up to 75 % RH, while Grotthuss proton transport prevails at higher humidity. Non-monotonic phase evolution with transient Fe₃O₄ nucleation at 800 °C highlights the role of dynamic defect activation. The Fe-500 device delivers superior performance, with a sensitivity of 0.75 kΩ/% RH, response time of 40 s, and recovery time of 85 s, surpassing benchmark hematite-based sensors.

缺陷控制和表面化学仍然是推进金属氧化物湿度传感器的关键瓶颈。我们报道了一种可扩展的机械热策略，用于制造掺杂碳的α-Fe2O3空心微球，其固有空隙充当自主采样室。系统煅烧（500-900°C）可以精确调节晶体尺寸（38.2-87.6 nm），晶格应变（0.10 - 0.77%），位错密度（1.4 × 10−4-3.07 × 10−3 nm−2）和碳含量（21→14 wt%），从而调节控制水吸附和质子跳跃传导的碳氧组分。光谱分析揭示了稳定的Fe2+/Fe3+表面比和C-Fe-O相互作用，产生亲水性吸附位点并激活双重机制：在75% RH下离子传导占主导地位，而在更高湿度下Grotthuss质子传输占主导地位。800℃下瞬态Fe3O4成核的非单调相演化突出了动态缺陷激活的作用。Fe-500器件具有优异的性能，灵敏度为0.75 kΩ/% RH，响应时间为40 s，恢复时间为85 s，优于基准赤铁矿传感器。

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引用次数: 0

Fabrication and characterisation of high response Cu/ (PVA-CdWO4) / p-Si Schottky diode for Ultraviolet photo detection 紫外光探测用高响应Cu/ (PVA-CdWO4) / p-Si肖特基二极管的制备与表征

IF 3.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Applied Physics

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.008

K.U. Aiswarya , K.J. Arun , M.D. Aggarwal

In the present work, Metal Polymer Semiconductor (M-P-S) structured Schottky Barrier Diode (SBD) with copper metal, (PVA- CdWO₄) polymer nanocomposite interfacial insulating layer and p-Si as semiconductor forming (Cu/(PVA- CdWO₄)/p-Si) structure is fabricated and analysed for its photo detection properties. Studies has been done to investigate how the CdWO₄ content influences the morphological, structural, optical and electrical properties of the PVA- CdWO₄ composite films. Diode under illumination shows higher current values compared to dark indicating a high photo-responsive nature of the fabricated diodes. As the power of the illuminating source increases, the ideality factor decreases and barrier height increases. The photodiode parameters like Photo sensitivity, Responsivity, Quantum efficiency and Detectivity also enhances with CdWO₄ concentration and the MPS diode fabricated with 10 wt% of nanoparticles shows better results when illuminated by highest power light source where a responsivity of 101.24 mA/W and detectivity of 16.20 × 10¹⁰ is observed.

本文制备了金属聚合物半导体（M-P-S）结构的肖特基势垒二极管（SBD），以金属铜、（PVA- CdWO4）聚合物纳米复合界面绝缘层和p-Si为半导体形成（Cu/(PVA- CdWO4)/p-Si）结构，并分析了其光探测性能。研究了CdWO4含量对PVA- CdWO4复合膜的形态、结构、光学和电学性能的影响。二极管在照明下显示出比黑暗更高的电流值，表明制造的二极管具有高光响应性。随着光源功率的增大，理想因数减小，势垒高度增大。光电二极管的光敏度、响应率、量子效率和探测率等参数也随CdWO4浓度的增加而提高，在最高功率光源照射下，纳米颗粒含量为10 wt%的MPS二极管的响应率为101.24 mA/W，探测率为16.20 × 1010，显示出较好的效果。

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引用次数: 0

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