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Gamma-aminobutyric acid in flower nectar and its possible physiological and behavioral effects on insect pollinators 花蜜中的γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)及其对昆虫授粉者可能产生的生理和行为影响。
IF 5.3 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101206
Sofia Bouchebti, Eran Levin

Floral nectar, a vital nutrition source for pollinators, contains diverse chemical compounds, including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a prevalent nonproteinogenic amino acid. While GABA’s physiological role is known and well-studied, its ecological significance in plant–pollinator interactions remains unclear. Recent studies on GABA’s effects on pollinators’ preference, consumption, survival, physiology, and behavior show varying outcomes according to the species, indicating a complex relationship. GABA consumption impacts motor function and cognitive abilities, potentially influencing pollination efficiency. Future research addressing diverse concentrations, species, and behavioral aspects is crucial for comprehensively understanding GABA’s ecological role in plant–pollinator interactions.

花蜜是传粉昆虫的重要营养来源,含有多种化学物质,其中包括γ-氨基丁酸(GABA),这是一种普遍的非蛋白氨基酸。虽然 GABA 的生理作用已众所周知并得到了深入研究,但它在植物与传粉昆虫相互作用中的生态意义仍不清楚。最近关于 GABA 对传粉昆虫的喜好、消耗、生存、生理和行为的影响的研究显示,不同物种的 GABA 对传粉昆虫的影响各不相同,这表明其中存在着复杂的关系。GABA 的消耗会影响运动功能和认知能力,从而可能影响授粉效率。未来针对不同浓度、物种和行为方面的研究对于全面了解 GABA 在植物与传粉昆虫相互作用中的生态作用至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial overview: Insecticide resistance mechanisms — from behavior and physiology to microbiome science 编辑综述:杀虫剂抗药性机制--从行为学和生理学到微生物组科学。
IF 5.3 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101204
Chow-Yang Lee , Michael E Scharf
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引用次数: 0
The vector–symbiont affair: a relationship as (im)perfect as it can be 载体-共生体事件:一种尽(不)可能完美的关系。
IF 5.3 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101203
Carla R Polycarpo , Ana B Walter-Nuno , Leonan Azevedo-Reis , Gabriela O Paiva-Silva

Vector-borne diseases are globally prevalent and represent a major socioeconomic problem worldwide. Blood-sucking arthropods transmit most pathogenic agents that cause these human infections. The pathogens transmission to their vertebrate hosts depends on how efficiently they infect their vector, which is particularly impacted by the microbiota residing in the intestinal lumen, as well as its cells or internal organs such as ovaries. The balance between costs and benefits provided by these interactions ultimately determines the outcome of the relationship. Here, we will explore aspects concerning the nature of microbe–vector interactions, including the adaptive traits required for their establishment, the varied outcomes of symbiotic interactions, as well as the factors influencing the transition of these relationships across a continuum from parasitism to mutualism.

病媒传染病在全球流行,是世界范围内的一个主要社会经济问题。吸血节肢动物传播导致人类感染的大多数病原体。病原体向脊椎动物宿主的传播取决于病原体感染载体的效率,而肠道内的微生物群以及细胞或卵巢等内脏器官对感染载体的影响尤为明显。这些相互作用所带来的成本与收益之间的平衡最终决定了这种关系的结果。在这里,我们将探讨微生物与病媒相互作用的本质,包括建立这种关系所需的适应性特征、共生相互作用的各种结果,以及影响这种关系从寄生到互生过渡的各种因素。
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引用次数: 0
Addressing context dependence in studies of plant diversity to improve the understanding of natural enemy conservation 解决植物多样性研究中的环境依赖问题,提高对天敌保护的认识。
IF 5.3 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101202
Lessando M Gontijo

Increasing plant diversity has become a major aspect of habitat management and natural enemy conservation. Nonetheless, the results of plant diversity studies have varied significantly within and across agroecosystems. This variation has often been ascribed to a condition known as context dependence. However, concluding plainly that results are context dependent does not allow for the understanding of the actual underlying causes. Therefore, I discuss in this paper the importance of identifying and dealing with context dependence. I specifically comment on common biotic and abiotic inherent variables that can drive context dependence. The most common context types explored herein are location, time, nonfocal plant and crop species, and natural enemy species. Finally, I offer several recommendations for identifying and dealing with context dependence. I believe understanding the different forms in which context dependence arises is paramount to reduce unexplained variation and improve the predictability of plant diversity studies.

增加植物多样性已成为栖息地管理和天敌保护的一个重要方面。然而,植物多样性研究的结果在农业生态系统内部和之间存在很大差异。这种差异通常被归因于一种被称为 "环境依赖性 "的条件。然而,简单地断定研究结果与环境有关,并不能理解其真正的根本原因。因此,我在本文中讨论了识别和处理环境依赖性的重要性。我特别评论了可能导致环境依赖性的常见生物和非生物固有变量。本文探讨的最常见环境类型包括地点、时间、非重点植物和作物物种以及天敌物种。最后,我为识别和处理环境依赖性提出了一些建议。我相信,要减少无法解释的变异并提高植物多样性研究的可预测性,了解环境依赖性产生的不同形式至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
The role of ATP-binding cassette transporters in arthropod pesticide toxicity and resistance ABC 转运体在节肢动物农药毒性和抗药性中的作用。
IF 5.3 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101200
Dries Amezian , Ralf Nauen , Thomas Van Leeuwen

Pesticide resistance in arthropods threatens agricultural productivity and the control of vector-borne diseases. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters have emerged as important factors in the toxicity of synthetic pesticides, as well as for Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal Cry protein binding. Depending on the localization of expression, both higher and lower expression of ABCs have been linked with pesticide resistance. The recent development of genetic-based approaches such as RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in nonmodel species, has greatly contributed to unveil their functional importance in pesticide toxicity and resistance. Using these tools, we are now poised to further unravel the molecular genetic mechanisms of gene regulation uncovering more elusive regulatory resistance genes.

节肢动物对杀虫剂的抗药性威胁着农业生产力和病媒传播疾病的控制。ATP结合盒(ABC)转运体已成为影响合成杀虫剂毒性以及苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫隐球菌蛋白结合的重要因素。根据表达的定位,ABC 的高表达和低表达都与农药抗性有关。最近在非模式物种中开发的基于基因的方法(如 RNAi 和 CRISPR/Cas9 基因编辑)大大有助于揭示 ABC 在农药毒性和抗性中的重要功能。利用这些工具,我们现在可以进一步揭示基因调控的分子遗传机制,发现更多难以捉摸的调控抗性基因。
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引用次数: 0
Single-cell transcriptomics dissecting the development and evolution of nervous system in insects 单细胞转录组学剖析昆虫神经系统的发育与进化
IF 5.3 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101201
Weiwei Liu , Qiye Li

Insects can display a vast repertoire of complex and adaptive behaviors crucial for survival and reproduction. Yet, how the neural circuits underlying insect behaviors are assembled throughout development and remodeled during evolution remains largely obscure. The advent of single-cell transcriptomics has opened new paths to illuminate these historically intractable questions. Insect behavior is governed by its brain, whose functional complexity is realized through operations across multiple levels, from the molecular and cellular to the circuit and organ. Single-cell transcriptomics enables dissecting brain functions across all these levels and allows tracking regulatory dynamics throughout development and under perturbation. In this review, we mainly focus on the achievements of single-cell transcriptomics in dissecting the molecular and cellular architectures of nervous systems in representative insects, then discuss its applications in tracking the developmental trajectory and functional evolution of insect brains.

昆虫可以表现出大量复杂的适应性行为,这些行为对昆虫的生存和繁殖至关重要。然而,昆虫行为所依赖的神经回路是如何在整个发育过程中组装起来并在进化过程中重塑的,这在很大程度上仍然是个谜。单细胞转录组学的出现为阐明这些历来难以解决的问题开辟了新的道路。昆虫的行为受大脑支配,其功能的复杂性是通过从分子和细胞到电路和器官等多个层次的操作实现的。单细胞转录组学能够剖析所有这些层次的大脑功能,并跟踪整个发育过程和干扰下的调控动态。在这篇综述中,我们主要关注单细胞转录组学在剖析代表性昆虫神经系统的分子和细胞结构方面取得的成就,然后讨论其在追踪昆虫大脑发育轨迹和功能进化方面的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Chemical ecology of nectar–mosquito interactions: recent advances and future directions 花蜜与蚊子相互作用的化学生态学:最新进展与未来方向
IF 5.3 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101199
Islam S Sobhy, Colin Berry

Mosquitoes, males and females, rely on sugar-rich resources, including floral nectar as a primary source of sugar to meet their energy and nutritional needs. Despite advancements in understanding mosquito host-seeking and blood-feeding preferences, significant gaps in our knowledge of the chemical ecology mediating mosquito–nectar associations remain. The influence of such association with nectar on mosquito behavior and the resulting effects on their fitness are also not totally understood. It is significant that floral nectar frequently acts as a natural habitat for various microbes (e.g. bacteria and yeast), which substantially alter nectar characteristics, influencing the nutritional ecology of flower-visiting insects, such as mosquitoes. The role of nectar-inhabiting microbes in shaping the nectar–mosquito interactions remains, however, under-researched. This review explores recent advances in understanding the role of such multitrophic interactions on the fitness and life history traits of mosquitoes and outlines future directions for research toward their control as disease vectors.

雌雄蚊子都依赖富含糖分的资源,包括作为主要糖分来源的花蜜,以满足其能量和营养需求。尽管我们在了解蚊子寻找宿主和取食血液的偏好方面取得了进展,但在介导蚊子与花蜜关联的化学生态学知识方面仍然存在很大差距。这种与花蜜的联系对蚊子行为的影响及其对蚊子健康的影响也没有完全搞清楚。重要的是,花蜜经常是各种微生物(如细菌和酵母菌)的天然栖息地,这些微生物大大改变了花蜜的特性,影响了蚊子等访花昆虫的营养生态。然而,关于花蜜中栖息的微生物在形成花蜜-蚊子相互作用中的作用的研究仍然不足。这篇综述探讨了在理解这种多营养相互作用对蚊子的适应性和生活史特征的作用方面的最新进展,并概述了控制蚊子作为疾病媒介的未来研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Neuropeptidergic regulation of insect diapause by the circadian clock 昼夜节律对昆虫休眠的神经肽能调控
IF 5.3 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101198
Charlotte Helfrich-Förster

Diapause is an endocrine-mediated strategy used by insects to survive seasons of adverse environmental conditions. Insects living in temperate zones are regularly exposed to such conditions in the form of winter. To survive winter, they must prepare for it long before it arrives. A reliable indicator of impending winter is the shortening of day length. To measure day length, insects need their circadian clock as internal time reference. In this article, I provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the neuropeptides that link the clock to the diapause inducing hormonal brain centers.

休眠是昆虫在恶劣环境条件下生存的一种内分泌介导策略。生活在温带地区的昆虫经常面临冬季这种恶劣环境。为了度过冬天,它们必须在冬天来临之前做好准备。冬季即将来临的一个可靠指标是昼长的缩短。为了测量昼长,昆虫需要昼夜节律钟作为内部时间参考。在本文中,我将概述目前有关神经肽的知识,这些神经肽将时钟与诱导停歇的荷尔蒙大脑中枢联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Phenomenon of reproductive plasticity in ants 蚂蚁的生殖可塑性现象
IF 5.3 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101197
Francisco Carmona-Aldana , Luok Wen Yong , Danny Reinberg , Claude Desplan

Ant colonies are organized in castes with distinct behaviors that together allow the colony to strive. Reproduction relies on one or a few queens that stay in the nest producing eggs, while females of the worker caste do not reproduce and instead engage in colony maintenance and brood caretaking. Yet, in spite of this clear separation of functions, workers can become reproductive under defined circumstances. Here, we review the context in which workers become reproductive, exhibiting asexual or sexual reproduction depending on the species. Remarkably, the activation of reproduction in these workers can be quite stable, with changes that include behavior and a dramatic extension of lifespan. We compare these changes between species that do or do not have a queen caste. We discuss how the mechanisms underlying reproductive plasticity include changes in hormonal functions and in epigenetic configurations. Further studies are warranted to elucidate not only how reproductive functions have been gradually restricted to the queen caste during evolution but also how reproductive plasticity remains possible in workers of some species.

蚂蚁群落以具有不同行为的种姓为单位,这些种姓共同帮助蚂蚁群落努力奋斗。繁殖依靠一只或几只留在巢中产卵的蚁后,而工蚁中的雌蚁则不进行繁殖,而是从事蚁群维护和育雏工作。然而,尽管有这种明确的功能分工,工蜂在特定情况下也能繁殖后代。在此,我们回顾了工蜂在何种情况下开始繁殖,根据物种的不同表现出无性繁殖或有性繁殖。值得注意的是,这些工蜂生殖能力的激活可能相当稳定,其变化包括行为和寿命的大幅延长。我们比较了有王后种姓和无王后种姓物种之间的这些变化。我们讨论了生殖可塑性的内在机制如何包括激素功能和表观遗传结构的变化。我们有必要开展进一步的研究,以阐明在进化过程中生殖功能是如何逐渐局限于王后种姓的,以及某些物种的工蜂是如何保持生殖可塑性的。
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引用次数: 0
Plasticity of the olfactory behaviors in Bactrocera dorsalis under various physiological states and environmental conditions 在不同生理状态和环境条件下背鳍乳蝠嗅觉行为的可塑性。
IF 5.3 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101196
Li Xu , Hong-Bo Jiang , Jie-Ling Yu , Jin-Jun Wang

Insects rely heavily on their olfactory system for various behaviors, including foraging, mating, and oviposition. Numerous studies have demonstrated that insects can adjust their olfactory behaviors in response to different physiological states and environmental conditions. This flexibility allows them to perceive and process odorants according to different conditions. The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is a highly destructive and invasive pest causing significant economic losses to fruit and vegetable crops worldwide. The olfactory behavior of B. dorsalis exhibits strong plasticity, resulting in its successful invasion. To enhance our understanding of B. dorsalis’ olfactory behavior and explore potential strategies for behavior control, we have reviewed recent literature on its olfactory plasticity and potential molecular mechanisms.

昆虫的各种行为,包括觅食、交配和产卵,在很大程度上依赖于它们的嗅觉系统。大量研究表明,昆虫可以根据不同的生理状态和环境条件调整它们的嗅觉行为。这种灵活性使它们能够根据不同的条件感知和处理气味。东方果蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis)是一种破坏性极强的入侵害虫,给全世界的水果和蔬菜作物造成了巨大的经济损失。东方果蝇的嗅觉行为具有很强的可塑性,这也是其成功入侵的原因。为了加深我们对多刺蓟马嗅觉行为的了解并探索潜在的行为控制策略,我们回顾了最近有关其嗅觉可塑性和潜在分子机制的文献。
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引用次数: 0
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Current opinion in insect science
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