Current opinion in virology最新文献

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Human placental models for studying viral infections 研究病毒感染的人类胎盘模型

IF 5.7 2区医学 Q1 VIROLOGY

Current opinion in virology

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101454

Charlène Martin , Mathilde Bergamelli , Hélène Martin , Mélinda Bénard , Charlotte Tscherning , Cécile E Malnou

Viral infections during pregnancy represent a major threat to maternal, fetal, and neonatal health outcome, with a high risk of vertical transmission. It is therefore crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying the interaction between viruses and placenta, which ensures communication between maternal and fetal compartments throughout pregnancy. Human placental models, both in vitro and ex vivo, enable to dissect in detail these interactions. By studying in detail viral entry, replication, and immune responses within the placenta, they represent ideal tools for analyzing the effects of various viruses on pregnancy outcomes. In addition, these models serve as platforms for evaluating diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to protect pregnant women and their babies from viral infections. This review examines recent advances, the main advantages and limitations of different human placental models and discusses their potential to improve our understanding of virus-placenta interactions, thereby contributing to improved maternal and fetal health.

怀孕期间的病毒感染是对孕产妇、胎儿和新生儿健康结果的主要威胁，具有高度垂直传播的风险。因此，了解病毒与胎盘之间相互作用的机制至关重要，胎盘确保了妊娠期间母体和胎儿间的沟通。人胎盘模型，在体外和离体，使解剖这些相互作用的细节。通过详细研究病毒在胎盘内的进入、复制和免疫反应，它们是分析各种病毒对妊娠结局影响的理想工具。此外，这些模型还可作为评估诊断和治疗方法的平台，以保护孕妇及其婴儿免受病毒感染。本文综述了不同人类胎盘模型的最新进展、主要优势和局限性，并讨论了它们的潜力，以提高我们对病毒-胎盘相互作用的理解，从而有助于改善母婴健康。

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引用次数: 0

Transmission patterns of hepatitis E virus 戊型肝炎病毒的传播方式。

IF 5.7 2区医学 Q1 VIROLOGY

Current opinion in virology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101451

Jil A Haase , Sarah Schlienkamp , Julian J Ring , Eike Steinmann

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes sporadic cases in industrialized countries and endemic outbreaks in areas with lower sanitation standards. The wide host reservoir of HEV makes it a potential source of new zoonotic transmission and dissemination in humans. Thus, the perception of HEV as a confined ailment has shifted to one of global concern. Considering HEV’s environmental stability and heterogeneity in the host range of HEV’s genotypes, various transmission pathways and sources for HEV infections are plausible. Here, we provide an overview on HEV’s transmission routes and discuss the role of HEV as a foodborne zoonosis, as well as preventive measures and open research questions.

戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）在工业化国家引起散发病例，在卫生标准较低的地区引起地方性暴发。戊型肝炎病毒广泛的宿主宿主使其成为新的人畜共患病传播和传播的潜在来源。因此，认为HEV是一种局限性疾病已转变为全球关注的问题之一。考虑到HEV的环境稳定性和HEV基因型宿主范围的异质性，HEV感染的各种传播途径和来源是合理的。在这里，我们概述了HEV的传播途径，并讨论了HEV作为食源性人畜共患病的作用，以及预防措施和开放的研究问题。

引用次数: 0

Epstein–Barr virus lytic replication and cancer 爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒裂解复制与癌症

IF 5.7 2区医学 Q1 VIROLOGY

Current opinion in virology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101438

Hao Li , Chih-Ying Lee , Henri-Jacques Delecluse

Epidemiological studies have provided strong evidence that Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) lytic replication is linked to cancer development. Evidence of abortive lytic replication in some tumors and infections with recombinant viruses incapable of lytic replication in animal models have reinforced this view. Furthermore, multiple lytic proteins have been shown to induce genetic instability, a well-characterized precancerous state. In particular, lytic proteins dysregulated the DNA damage response, interfered with cell cycle progression, and induced the development of structural genetic abnormalities. However, there is so far no direct evidence from in vivo or in vitro studies that lytic replication alone can induce cancer. Here, we critically review the currently available evidence that EBV lytic replication contributes to cancer development and suggest future research directions.

流行病学研究提供了强有力的证据表明，eb病毒（EBV）裂解复制与癌症的发展有关。在一些肿瘤中裂解复制失败的证据和在动物模型中无法裂解复制的重组病毒感染的证据加强了这一观点。此外，多种裂解蛋白已被证明可诱导遗传不稳定，这是一种典型的癌前状态。特别是，裂解蛋白失调DNA损伤反应，干扰细胞周期进程，并诱导结构遗传异常的发展。然而，到目前为止，还没有来自体内或体外研究的直接证据表明，裂解复制本身可以诱导癌症。在这里，我们批判性地回顾了EBV裂解复制有助于癌症发展的现有证据，并提出了未来的研究方向。

引用次数: 0

In vitro modeling of influenza infection in the respiratory epithelium: advanced cellular models to better understand complex host–virus interactions 呼吸道上皮流感感染的体外建模：先进的细胞模型，以更好地理解复杂的宿主-病毒相互作用

IF 5.7 2区医学 Q1 VIROLOGY

Current opinion in virology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101452

Aurélien Gibeaud, Andrés Pizzorno, Olivier Terrier

Influenza viruses pose significant global health threats, causing widespread morbidity and mortality due to their genetic variability and rapid evolution. Traditional experimental models, such as immortalized cell lines and animal models, often fall short of accurately replicating the complex interactions between influenza viruses and the human immune system. Recent advancements, including reconstituted human airway epithelia, lung-on-a-chip models, and human airway organoids, provide more accurate representations of human respiratory physiology and immune responses. These alternatives enable in-depth investigations into viral propagation, host immune responses, and tissue damage. While each model has its unique advantages and limitations, integrating them could offer a more comprehensive understanding of influenza pathogenesis. This knowledge can drive the development and evaluation of more effective vaccines and therapeutic interventions, enhancing preparedness for future influenza outbreaks.

流感病毒对全球健康构成重大威胁，由于其遗传变异和快速进化，造成广泛的发病率和死亡率。传统的实验模型，如永生化细胞系和动物模型，往往不能准确地复制流感病毒与人类免疫系统之间复杂的相互作用。最近的进展，包括重建的人类气道上皮、肺芯片模型和人类气道类器官，提供了更准确的人类呼吸生理学和免疫反应的表征。这些替代方案使深入研究病毒传播、宿主免疫反应和组织损伤成为可能。虽然每种模型都有其独特的优点和局限性，但将它们整合起来可以更全面地了解流感的发病机制。这方面的知识可以推动开发和评估更有效的疫苗和治疗干预措施，加强对未来流感疫情的防范。

引用次数: 0

Human brain tissue cultures: a unique ex vivo model to unravel the pathogenesis of neurotropic arboviruses 人脑组织培养：一个独特的离体模型来揭示嗜神经虫媒病毒的发病机制

IF 5.7 2区医学 Q1 VIROLOGY

Current opinion in virology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101453

Glaucia M Almeida , Bruna M Silva , Eurico Arruda , Adriano Sebollela

Arboviruses are transmitted by arthropods, and their spread from endemic to nonendemic regions has been accelerated by deforestation, climate change, and global mobility. Arbovirus infection in human results in symptoms ranging from mild to life-threatening, with the impairment of central nervous system functions being reported in severe cases. Despite its clinical relevance, the mechanisms by which arboviruses led to neural dysfunction are still poorly understood. The lack of a widespread human central nervous system model to study the virus–host interaction challenges the advance of our knowledge on these mechanisms. In this context, human brain-derived ex vivo models have the advantage of preserving cellular diversity, cell connections, and tissue cytoarchitecture found in human brain, raising them as a powerful strategy to elucidate the cellular-molecular alterations underlying brain diseases. Here, we review recent advances in the field of neurotropic arboviruses obtained using ex vivo human brain tissue as the experimental model.

虫媒病毒通过节肢动物传播，森林砍伐、气候变化和全球流动性加速了虫媒病毒从流行地区向非流行地区的传播。人感染虫媒病毒可导致从轻微到危及生命的症状，在严重病例中报告中枢神经系统功能受损。尽管其临床相关性，虫媒病毒导致神经功能障碍的机制仍然知之甚少。缺乏广泛的人类中枢神经系统模型来研究病毒-宿主相互作用，这对我们对这些机制的了解提出了挑战。在这种情况下，人脑衍生的离体模型具有保留人类大脑中发现的细胞多样性、细胞连接和组织细胞结构的优势，使它们成为阐明大脑疾病背后的细胞分子改变的有力策略。本文综述了近年来以离体人脑组织为实验模型获得嗜神经虫媒病毒的研究进展。

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引用次数: 0

Host–pathogen interactions of emerging zoonotic viruses: bats, humans and filoviruses 新出现的人畜共患病病毒的宿主-病原体相互作用：蝙蝠、人类和丝状病毒。

IF 5.7 2区医学 Q1 VIROLOGY

Current opinion in virology

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101436

Grace Hood, Miles Carroll

This paper provides an overview of the phenomena of cross-species transmission of viruses (known as spillover), focusing on the highly pathogenic filovirus family and their natural reservoir: bats. It also describes the host–pathogen relationship of viruses and their reservoirs, in addition to humans, and discusses current theories of persistent infection.

本文概述了病毒的跨物种传播现象（称为溢出效应），重点是高致病性丝状病毒科及其天然储库：蝙蝠。本文还介绍了除人类以外的病毒及其储藏体的宿主-病原体关系，并讨论了当前的持续感染理论。

引用次数: 0

Blood virome research in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: challenges and opportunities 肌痛性脑脊髓炎/慢性疲劳综合征的血液病毒组研究：挑战与机遇。

IF 5.7 2区医学 Q1 VIROLOGY

Current opinion in virology

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101437

Dominic Obraitis , Dawei Li

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating disease with a complex clinical presentation and an unknown etiology. Various viral infections have been proposed as potential triggers of ME/CFS onset, but no specific pathogen has been identified in all cases of postinfectious ME/CFS. The symptomatology of the postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2, or long COVID, mirrors that of ME/CFS, with nearly half of long COVID patients meeting ME/CFS diagnostic criteria. The influx of newly diagnosed patients has reinvigorated interest in ME/CFS pathogenesis research, with an emphasis on viral triggers. This review summarizes the current understanding of ME/CFS research on viral triggers, including blood virome screening studies. To further elucidate the molecular basis of ME/CFS, there is a need to develop innovative bioinformatics tools capable of analyzing complex virome data and integrating multiomics information.

肌痛性脑脊髓炎/慢性疲劳综合征（ME/CFS）是一种使人衰弱的疾病，临床表现复杂，病因不明。各种病毒感染被认为是肌痛性脑脊髓炎/慢性疲劳综合征发病的潜在诱因，但在感染后肌痛性脑脊髓炎/慢性疲劳综合征的所有病例中，尚未发现特异性病原体。SARS-CoV-2急性后遗症或长COVID的症状与ME/CFS如出一辙，近一半的长COVID患者符合ME/CFS的诊断标准。大量新确诊患者的涌入重新激发了人们对 ME/CFS 发病机制研究的兴趣，研究重点是病毒诱因。本综述总结了目前对 ME/CFS 病毒诱因研究的理解，包括血液病毒组筛选研究。为了进一步阐明 ME/CFS 的分子基础，有必要开发能够分析复杂病毒组数据和整合多组学信息的创新生物信息学工具。

引用次数: 0

Advancing zoonotic respiratory virus research through the use of organoids 通过使用有机体推进人畜共患呼吸道病毒研究。

IF 5.7 2区医学 Q1 VIROLOGY

Current opinion in virology

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101435

Meaghan Flagg, Emmie de Wit

Zoonotic viruses with the ability to replicate in the human respiratory tract pose a threat to public health. Organoids, which are highly representative, multicellular models representing specific organs or tissues, can aid in our understanding of the pathogenesis, pathogenicity, transmissibility, and reservoir circulation dynamics of zoonotic viruses. Organoid studies can facilitate the rapid selection of antiviral therapies identification of potential reservoir species and intermediate hosts, and inform the selection of suitable laboratory animal models. We review the use of human- and animal-derived organoid models from multiple organs to investigate the threat of emerging zoonotic viruses that cause respiratory disease.

具有在人类呼吸道复制能力的人畜共患病病毒对公共健康构成威胁。类器官是代表特定器官或组织的极具代表性的多细胞模型，有助于我们了解人畜共患病病毒的致病机理、致病性、传播性和蓄积循环动态。类器官研究有助于快速选择抗病毒疗法，识别潜在的病毒库物种和中间宿主，并为选择合适的实验动物模型提供信息。我们综述了利用源自人类和动物多个器官的类器官模型来研究引起呼吸道疾病的新兴人畜共患病病毒的威胁。

引用次数: 0

Modeling zoonotic and vector-borne viruses 人畜共患病和病媒传播病毒建模。

IF 5.7 2区医学 Q1 VIROLOGY

Current opinion in virology

Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101428

Seth D Judson , David W Dowdy

The 2013–2016 Ebola virus disease epidemic and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic galvanized tremendous growth in models for emerging zoonotic and vector-borne viruses. Therefore, we have reviewed the main goals and methods of models to guide scientists and decision-makers. The elements of models for emerging viruses vary across spectrums: from understanding the past to forecasting the future, using data across space and time, and using statistical versus mechanistic methods. Hybrid/ensemble models and artificial intelligence offer new opportunities for modeling. Despite this progress, challenges remain in translating models into actionable decisions, particularly in areas at highest risk for viral disease outbreaks. To address this issue, we must identify gaps in models for specific viruses, strengthen validation, and involve policymakers in model development.

2013-2016 年埃博拉病毒病的流行和 2019 年冠状病毒病的大流行激发了新出现的人畜共患病毒和病媒传染病毒模型的巨大发展。因此，我们回顾了模型的主要目标和方法，为科学家和决策者提供指导。新发病毒模型的要素各不相同：从了解过去到预测未来，使用跨时空数据，以及使用统计方法和机理方法。混合/集合模型和人工智能为建模提供了新的机遇。尽管取得了这些进展，但在将模型转化为可操作的决策方面仍然存在挑战，尤其是在病毒性疾病爆发风险最高的地区。要解决这个问题，我们必须找出特定病毒模型的不足之处，加强验证工作，并让决策者参与模型开发。

引用次数: 0

Koala retrovirus and neoplasia: correlation and underlying mechanisms 考拉逆转录病毒和肿瘤：相关性和潜在机制。

IF 5.7 2区医学 Q1 VIROLOGY

Current opinion in virology

Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101427

Rachael Tarlinton , Alex D Greenwood

The koala retrovirus, KoRV, is one of the few models for understanding the health consequences of retroviral colonization of the germline. Such colonization events transition exogenous infectious retroviruses to Mendelian traits or endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). KoRV is currently in a transitional state from exogenous retrovirus to ERV, which in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) has been associated with strongly elevated levels of neoplasia. In this review, we describe what is currently known about the associations and underlying mechanisms of KoRV-induced neoplasia.

考拉逆转录病毒（KoRV）是了解逆转录病毒在生殖系定植对健康影响的少数模型之一。这种定殖事件将外源性传染性逆转录病毒转变为孟德尔性状或内源性逆转录病毒（ERVs）。KoRV 目前正处于从外源性逆转录病毒到 ERV 的过渡阶段，考拉（Phascolarctos cinereus）的肿瘤发病率与此密切相关。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍目前已知的有关 KoRV 诱发肿瘤的关联和内在机制。

引用次数: 0

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