Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2019-1-41-45
Z. M. Yusha
The article analyzes the relationships of the verbal component with other elements in the ritual tradition of Tuvans of China, Russia and Mongolia. It is noted that among cultural codes the verbal element stands out with more functionality and semantic charge in performing the rites. The ritual word is closely related to actions performed by the participants of the ceremony (gestures, facial expressions, body movements). The verbal component is pronounced in a certain space and in environment suitable for it conditions that are associated with the spatial code of the ritual. The verbal element is also associated with the time code, since any ritual text is pronounced at a certain stage of the ritual, at observance of timeframe. The interaction of the verbal code with the character code is manifested in the fact that in the rites the text is prefer- ably recited by respected people. The unity of the food code is indicated not only with verbal code, but also with actional, spatial, object elements. In competitions and games the interdependence of verbal components and the game code is revealed. Colour and number elements in verbal code are less noticeable, but they are also used in ritual formulas. The object code has a close connection when the ritual attribute is used while pronouncing the ritual text. The connection of the sound and verbal aspects is expressed when during a ritual texts are pronounced with volume effect.
{"title":"On the interaction of cultural codes in the ritual tradition","authors":"Z. M. Yusha","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2019-1-41-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2019-1-41-45","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the relationships of the verbal component with other elements in the ritual tradition of Tuvans of China, Russia and Mongolia. It is noted that among cultural codes the verbal element stands out with more functionality and semantic charge in performing the rites. The ritual word is closely related to actions performed by the participants of the ceremony (gestures, facial expressions, body movements). The verbal component is pronounced in a certain space and in environment suitable for it conditions that are associated with the spatial code of the ritual. The verbal element is also associated with the time code, since any ritual text is pronounced at a certain stage of the ritual, at observance of timeframe. The interaction of the verbal code with the character code is manifested in the fact that in the rites the text is prefer- ably recited by respected people. The unity of the food code is indicated not only with verbal code, but also with actional, spatial, object elements. In competitions and games the interdependence of verbal components and the game code is revealed. Colour and number elements in verbal code are less noticeable, but they are also used in ritual formulas. The object code has a close connection when the ritual attribute is used while pronouncing the ritual text. The connection of the sound and verbal aspects is expressed when during a ritual texts are pronounced with volume effect.","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"400 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123251017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2021-2-131-134
N. Nepomnyashchikh, A. Ozonova
The anthology under review is a collection of journalistic, literary, and academic texts in Russian and Altai that appeared in local and central periodicals and textbooks and poetic anthologies published in Moscow and various Siberian cities. The chronological period of the anthology covers the entire period of the Oyrot Autonomous Oblast existence: from 1922 to 1948. These years brought significant changes to the region: the mass spread of literacy, the Altai literature’s appearance, and the standard Altai language development. The anthology shows the formation and evolution of the image of Oyrotia, a national Soviet autonomy. The essays, articles, and poems collected under one cover reflect the perception of Oyrotia by different authors: local Altaians, travelers, writers, and journalists. The Oyrot Autonomous Oblast continued to exist until 1948 and was later renamed. The renaming order closes the anthology. A review article by T. P. Shastina, written in a deeply analytical manner, opens the book, tracing the image of Altai in documentary literature and literary fiction up to E. Limonov’s Book of Water and V. Sorokin’s Telluria. The book is provided with a dictionary, with five appendixes containing Altai lexis (old words and words found in Russian text), Siberian lexis, obsolete words, lists of persons, and texts sources. The photos from the State Archive of the Altai Republic are used as illustrations. This anthology is considered to be significant not only for Gorny Altai but also for the whole of Russia, being equally valuable for experts and readers interested in the history and culture of Gorny Altai.
正在审查的选集是俄语和阿尔泰的新闻、文学和学术文本的合集，这些文本出现在莫斯科和西伯利亚各城市出版的地方和中央期刊、教科书和诗歌选集上。选集的时间顺序涵盖了奥伊洛特自治州存在的整个时期:从1922年到1948年。这些年来，阿尔泰地区发生了重大变化:识字的大规模传播，阿尔泰文学的出现，阿尔泰标准语言的发展。这部选集展示了苏联民族自治国家Oyrotia形象的形成和演变。这些随笔、文章和诗歌集中在一个封面上，反映了不同作者对Oyrotia的看法:当地的阿尔泰人、旅行者、作家和记者。奥伊洛特自治州一直存在到1948年，后来更名。重命名顺序关闭选集。t·p·沙什蒂娜(T. P. Shastina)的一篇评论文章以深刻的分析方式打开了这本书，追溯了纪实文学和文学小说中阿尔泰的形象，直到e·莱蒙诺夫(E. Limonov)的《水之书》(book of Water)和v·索罗金(V. Sorokin)的《Telluria》。这本书提供了一个字典，五个附录包含阿尔泰词汇(旧词和俄语文本中发现的词)，西伯利亚词汇，过时的词，人物名单，和文本来源。图片来自阿尔泰共和国国家档案馆。这本选集不仅对戈尔尼阿尔泰，而且对整个俄罗斯都很重要，对对戈尔尼阿尔泰的历史和文化感兴趣的专家和读者同样有价值。
{"title":"Book review: Oirotia in the Mirror of literature: an anthology. E. P. Chinina, T. P. Shastina (Eds.). Gorno-Altaysk, Poligrafika, 2020, 308 p.","authors":"N. Nepomnyashchikh, A. Ozonova","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2021-2-131-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2021-2-131-134","url":null,"abstract":"The anthology under review is a collection of journalistic, literary, and academic texts in Russian and Altai that appeared in local and central periodicals and textbooks and poetic anthologies published in Moscow and various Siberian cities. The chronological period of the anthology covers the entire period of the Oyrot Autonomous Oblast existence: from 1922 to 1948. These years brought significant changes to the region: the mass spread of literacy, the Altai literature’s appearance, and the standard Altai language development. The anthology shows the formation and evolution of the image of Oyrotia, a national Soviet autonomy. The essays, articles, and poems collected under one cover reflect the perception of Oyrotia by different authors: local Altaians, travelers, writers, and journalists. The Oyrot Autonomous Oblast continued to exist until 1948 and was later renamed. The renaming order closes the anthology. A review article by T. P. Shastina, written in a deeply analytical manner, opens the book, tracing the image of Altai in documentary literature and literary fiction up to E. Limonov’s Book of Water and V. Sorokin’s Telluria. The book is provided with a dictionary, with five appendixes containing Altai lexis (old words and words found in Russian text), Siberian lexis, obsolete words, lists of persons, and texts sources. The photos from the State Archive of the Altai Republic are used as illustrations. This anthology is considered to be significant not only for Gorny Altai but also for the whole of Russia, being equally valuable for experts and readers interested in the history and culture of Gorny Altai.","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125325417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2019-1-53-61
E. Koroleva
The article is devoted to the analysis of ethno-marking and integration plots of Altai historical legends. The author characterizes the historical circumstances of the formation of the corpus of Altai historical legends, attempts to systematize the stories on the content and highlights the signs of ethnic identity for Altai-kizhi on the basis of folklore texts: language, lifestyle, type of management, clothing, hairstyle. A debatable question about ethnic borders of Altai-kizhi and relations with local sub-ethnic groups is presented. The author insists on the incompleteness of the integrative pro- cesses taking place in the territory of the Altai Mountains in the post-Oirot period, which currently lead to the inclusion of various small ethnic and sub-ethnic turkic-speaking groups in the Altay-kizhi people. The importance of knowledge of specific folklore subjects, and not only the Altai language for ethnic identification is emphasized. Historical legends are presented as a marker of ethnic boundaries in a multi-ethnic population. The mechanisms of formation of traditional ethical prohibitions and their significance for the definition of their "own" and "others" are described. The stages of integration of migrants into the structure of exogamous genera of Altay-kizhi are described in detail on the example of the texts of legends. The author illustrates the process of population recovery through incorporation and natural growth and describes the cultural attitudes that allow to preserve ethnic identity after depopulation and civil war. Question of bilingual existence of Altai folklore texts is considered. The relevance of historical legends in the modern community is noted. Thus, folklore texts could be considered not only as examples of folk literature, but also as a source of ethnic history.
{"title":"Ethnic self-identification of Altay-kizhi in the context of oral historical legends","authors":"E. Koroleva","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2019-1-53-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2019-1-53-61","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of ethno-marking and integration plots of Altai historical legends. The author characterizes the historical circumstances of the formation of the corpus of Altai historical legends, attempts to systematize the stories on the content and highlights the signs of ethnic identity for Altai-kizhi on the basis of folklore texts: language, lifestyle, type of management, clothing, hairstyle. A debatable question about ethnic borders of Altai-kizhi and relations with local sub-ethnic groups is presented. The author insists on the incompleteness of the integrative pro- cesses taking place in the territory of the Altai Mountains in the post-Oirot period, which currently lead to the inclusion of various small ethnic and sub-ethnic turkic-speaking groups in the Altay-kizhi people. The importance of knowledge of specific folklore subjects, and not only the Altai language for ethnic identification is emphasized. Historical legends are presented as a marker of ethnic boundaries in a multi-ethnic population. The mechanisms of formation of traditional ethical prohibitions and their significance for the definition of their \"own\" and \"others\" are described. The stages of integration of migrants into the structure of exogamous genera of Altay-kizhi are described in detail on the example of the texts of legends. The author illustrates the process of population recovery through incorporation and natural growth and describes the cultural attitudes that allow to preserve ethnic identity after depopulation and civil war. Question of bilingual existence of Altai folklore texts is considered. The relevance of historical legends in the modern community is noted. Thus, folklore texts could be considered not only as examples of folk literature, but also as a source of ethnic history.","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129564342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2021-1-154-162
C. Ondar
For the Tuvan language, factors influencing Differential Object Marking remain uncovered despite extensive studies on the topic. This is due to the numerous cases of forms of the primary and accusative cases of the direct object replacing each other without noticeably changing the meaning of the sentence. Thus, it is necessary to elucidate all the causes of variation and establish their interactions. The current study focuses on the dependence of the direct object labeling on the function and the nature of the definition in the Tuvan language. The paper highlights the interaction of semantic, syntactic, communicative, and pragmatic factors influencing the choice of labeling. The analysis revealed that the direct object with the definition as a whole does not require a case. Firstly, the semantics of definition occupies a decisive place, as in the case of indexical pronouns (as a means of expressing anaphoric and deictic meanings). Secondly, the communicative role of the defined object in the utterance is of significance. The definition acts as a link between the object defined and the previous reference to that object, indicating information about the object that is already familiar to the addressee. Thirdly, discursive factors are distinct and important, including the speaker’s intention to clarify the referent or generalize by different means the meaning of the referent in the discourse depending on his or her goal. Thus, the referential properties of definitions alone do not allow unambiguously predicting the labeling of the nominal group.
{"title":"Differential Object Marking in Tuvan language: dependence on the function and nature of the definition","authors":"C. Ondar","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2021-1-154-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2021-1-154-162","url":null,"abstract":"For the Tuvan language, factors influencing Differential Object Marking remain uncovered despite extensive studies on the topic. This is due to the numerous cases of forms of the primary and accusative cases of the direct object replacing each other without noticeably changing the meaning of the sentence. Thus, it is necessary to elucidate all the causes of variation and establish their interactions. The current study focuses on the dependence of the direct object labeling on the function and the nature of the definition in the Tuvan language. The paper highlights the interaction of semantic, syntactic, communicative, and pragmatic factors influencing the choice of labeling. The analysis revealed that the direct object with the definition as a whole does not require a case. Firstly, the semantics of definition occupies a decisive place, as in the case of indexical pronouns (as a means of expressing anaphoric and deictic meanings). Secondly, the communicative role of the defined object in the utterance is of significance. The definition acts as a link between the object defined and the previous reference to that object, indicating information about the object that is already familiar to the addressee. Thirdly, discursive factors are distinct and important, including the speaker’s intention to clarify the referent or generalize by different means the meaning of the referent in the discourse depending on his or her goal. Thus, the referential properties of definitions alone do not allow unambiguously predicting the labeling of the nominal group.","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126688070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2023-2-27-40
M. M. Badyrgy, E. L. Tiron
The article is devoted to understanding the phenomenon of Tuvan throat singing khoomei. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of basic styles (types) and their substyles (subspecies). Three basic styles are khoomei, kargyraa, and sygyt. They differ in timbre coloring, methods of sound production, characteristic means of expression, compositional structure, textual beginnings and sets of melodies, as well as some special functions. Subspecies (substyles) of the main styles of throat singing have a specific timbre sound, functions, structure, and content of the text. The styles of khoomei and kargyraa gave rise to several substyles. These are classified into 1) horse running types (eldep-kula-khoomei, dooren, and cheler-kargyraa); 2) landscape “sounding” (howu-kargyraa, dag-kargyraa, kozhagar-kargyraa, taiga-kargyraa, hat-kargyraa, and despen-khoomei); 3) vocal performing techniques (dumchuk-khoomei, mungash-khoomei, khos-kargyraa, and dumchuk-kargyraa), 4) genres (opei khoomei, buga khoomei, and kanzyp kargyraa); 5) time of existence (ergi hoomei). There are no substyles derived from the sygyt style, suggesting the impossibility of performing text episodes and the dominant role of overtone vocalization of the main melody in the high register. This study has distinguished such definitions as “the technique of non-overtone singing” and “performing techniques.” The techniques of non-overtone singing are stated to correlate with the structure of the melodic-textual beginning (chorectep yrlaar in sygyt and khoomey, kargyraalap yrlaar in kargyraa) to overtone vocalization. Performing techniques (ezengileer, borbannadyr, dumchuktaar, kishtedir, sirleӊnedir, birlӊnadyr, and yagylar) are based on sound-imagery and can be used in any style.
{"title":"Features of the basic styles and substyles of Tuvan khoomei","authors":"M. M. Badyrgy, E. L. Tiron","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2023-2-27-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2023-2-27-40","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to understanding the phenomenon of Tuvan throat singing khoomei. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of basic styles (types) and their substyles (subspecies). Three basic styles are khoomei, kargyraa, and sygyt. They differ in timbre coloring, methods of sound production, characteristic means of expression, compositional structure, textual beginnings and sets of melodies, as well as some special functions. Subspecies (substyles) of the main styles of throat singing have a specific timbre sound, functions, structure, and content of the text. The styles of khoomei and kargyraa gave rise to several substyles. These are classified into 1) horse running types (eldep-kula-khoomei, dooren, and cheler-kargyraa); 2) landscape “sounding” (howu-kargyraa, dag-kargyraa, kozhagar-kargyraa, taiga-kargyraa, hat-kargyraa, and despen-khoomei); 3) vocal performing techniques (dumchuk-khoomei, mungash-khoomei, khos-kargyraa, and dumchuk-kargyraa), 4) genres (opei khoomei, buga khoomei, and kanzyp kargyraa); 5) time of existence (ergi hoomei). There are no substyles derived from the sygyt style, suggesting the impossibility of performing text episodes and the dominant role of overtone vocalization of the main melody in the high register. This study has distinguished such definitions as “the technique of non-overtone singing” and “performing techniques.” The techniques of non-overtone singing are stated to correlate with the structure of the melodic-textual beginning (chorectep yrlaar in sygyt and khoomey, kargyraalap yrlaar in kargyraa) to overtone vocalization. Performing techniques (ezengileer, borbannadyr, dumchuktaar, kishtedir, sirleӊnedir, birlӊnadyr, and yagylar) are based on sound-imagery and can be used in any style.","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130412672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2021-2-139-141
V. V. Mindibekova
{"title":"In memory of Valentina Evgenievna Mainogasheva (1930–2021)","authors":"V. V. Mindibekova","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2021-2-139-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2021-2-139-141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130629056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2023-1-7-25
P. E. Prokopeva, N. Urtegeshev
This work examines several previous studies that documented the different stages of the Odul language development and our own language material. The analysis revealed the natural phonetic process of the Yukaghir phoneme /M/ transformation. This process was took place in different ways in different Odul tribes. However, two directions of development can be clearly distinguished: the first—[ħ] → [ħs''] → [s''], the second—[ħʃ] → [ħʃ''] → [ʃ'']. This fact probably indicates that not only different Yukaghir tribes but also, perhaps, clan groups, had their own inherent linguistic differences. The combination of the genera for various reasons resulted in articulatory traditions being mixed, existing in parallel at the initial stage without impeding the transmission of information. Later, the new system began to be formed, with the affricate [ħç] and the slit [s''] and [ʃ''] becoming independent phonemes, but the /s''/ and /ʃ''/ remaining interdictorial variants of pronunciation. Borrowings from the Russian language with the initial “s” adapted and pronounced by the Odulas according to the articulatory norms of the recipient language, as well as with an interlingual tuning, even when the sound was not soft, produced a new phoneme /s''/ in the “sh-pronouncers,” and the expansion of the positional variation of the phoneme /s''/ in the “s-pronouncers.”
{"title":"The change of the ancient Yukaghir phoneme /ħ/ in diachrony (using the example of the Odul language)","authors":"P. E. Prokopeva, N. Urtegeshev","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2023-1-7-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2023-1-7-25","url":null,"abstract":"This work examines several previous studies that documented the different stages of the Odul language development and our own language material. The analysis revealed the natural phonetic process of the Yukaghir phoneme /M/ transformation. This process was took place in different ways in different Odul tribes. However, two directions of development can be clearly distinguished: the first—[ħ] → [ħs''] → [s''], the second—[ħʃ] → [ħʃ''] → [ʃ'']. This fact probably indicates that not only different Yukaghir tribes but also, perhaps, clan groups, had their own inherent linguistic differences. The combination of the genera for various reasons resulted in articulatory traditions being mixed, existing in parallel at the initial stage without impeding the transmission of information. Later, the new system began to be formed, with the affricate [ħç] and the slit [s''] and [ʃ''] becoming independent phonemes, but the /s''/ and /ʃ''/ remaining interdictorial variants of pronunciation. Borrowings from the Russian language with the initial “s” adapted and pronounced by the Odulas according to the articulatory norms of the recipient language, as well as with an interlingual tuning, even when the sound was not soft, produced a new phoneme /s''/ in the “sh-pronouncers,” and the expansion of the positional variation of the phoneme /s''/ in the “s-pronouncers.”","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131731925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2023-2-41-52
A. N. Chugunekova, N. N. Taskarakova
Classifying paremiological units proves to be a challenging task in multiple languages. To date, any large-scale paremiological collection can hardly fully cover a genre distribution of language material into proverbs and sayings or exclude other linguistic units similar in structure and semantics having a paremiological status. Our research is devoted to identifying the main features of the paremiological units of the Khakass language, their similarity, and differences in structural and semantic terms. In terms of structure, Khakass proverbs have been revealed to be small poetic texts made up of complete simple or complex sentences. Numerous proverbs are represented by two components that were found to have antonymic and synonymic interconnections and thematic close relationships. These proverbs convey moralizing or instruction and have a literal and figurative meaning. The sayings have been found to be eloquent non-rhythmic one-part utterances of an evaluative nature, characterized by a lack of didactic character, having the forms of simple, complete sentences. The composition of Khakass proverbs and sayings includes linguistic units related to phraseologisms. One of the essential features of proverbs and sayings is their folk character, that is, long and wide usage in the oral speech of the people. Aphorisms in the Khakass language appear mainly in works of art, carrying an individual character and eventually entering the collective usage. The Khakass paroemias clearly and concisely express the mentality of the Khakass people, their attitude to the surrounding world, and nature, also conveying a range of cultural concepts related to man and society.
{"title":"Definition and classification of the Khakass paroemias","authors":"A. N. Chugunekova, N. N. Taskarakova","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2023-2-41-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2023-2-41-52","url":null,"abstract":"Classifying paremiological units proves to be a challenging task in multiple languages. To date, any large-scale paremiological collection can hardly fully cover a genre distribution of language material into proverbs and sayings or exclude other linguistic units similar in structure and semantics having a paremiological status. Our research is devoted to identifying the main features of the paremiological units of the Khakass language, their similarity, and differences in structural and semantic terms. In terms of structure, Khakass proverbs have been revealed to be small poetic texts made up of complete simple or complex sentences. Numerous proverbs are represented by two components that were found to have antonymic and synonymic interconnections and thematic close relationships. These proverbs convey moralizing or instruction and have a literal and figurative meaning. The sayings have been found to be eloquent non-rhythmic one-part utterances of an evaluative nature, characterized by a lack of didactic character, having the forms of simple, complete sentences. The composition of Khakass proverbs and sayings includes linguistic units related to phraseologisms. One of the essential features of proverbs and sayings is their folk character, that is, long and wide usage in the oral speech of the people. Aphorisms in the Khakass language appear mainly in works of art, carrying an individual character and eventually entering the collective usage. The Khakass paroemias clearly and concisely express the mentality of the Khakass people, their attitude to the surrounding world, and nature, also conveying a range of cultural concepts related to man and society.","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134217634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2020-2-106-117
A. A. Mongush, M. V. Bavuu-Syuryun
This paper aims to comprehensively describe the concept of Motherland in the Tuvan linguistic worldview. Such a description involves defining the structure and content of this concept, its chronological lexical representation in poetic works of Tuvan writers. Related to the Tuvan linguistic world view, the concept of Motherland is a variant of the universal concept of one’s space existing almost in all national world pictures: Motherland is the place of birth of an individual; ancestral motherland-1 is the place of birth of the parents (ancestors) of the individual; ancestral motherland-2 is the place of origin of the people, place of residence, the territory of the tribal group. They are joined by the concept of fatherland, the country of citizenship. The representation core of Motherland is the lexeme töreen čurt and related lexemes töreen čer “home land,” čer-čurt “earth-homeland,” ada-čurt “of the fatherland,” iye-čurt “motherland,” “earth-homeland” töreen čurt, characterized by high frequency and minimal dependence on the context. The evolution of the concept of Motherland is distinctly traced in the poems of Tuvan writers of different times in comparison with the oral folk art works, allowing one to trace the content transformations of the concept of Motherland. The period reviewed represents Motherland as “large motherland” and “small motherland” by toponyms and common names. Together, they form a mobile structure of the Tuvan nation mentality, reacting to major changes in the linguacultural community’s life. The relevance of a particular conceptual sign varied in different periods of the Tuvan society’s history, demonstrated by the poetic texts of different periods.
{"title":"Lexical representations of the concept of Motherland in poetic texts of Tuvan writers","authors":"A. A. Mongush, M. V. Bavuu-Syuryun","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2020-2-106-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2020-2-106-117","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to comprehensively describe the concept of Motherland in the Tuvan linguistic worldview. Such a description involves defining the structure and content of this concept, its chronological lexical representation in poetic works of Tuvan writers. Related to the Tuvan linguistic world view, the concept of Motherland is a variant of the universal concept of one’s space existing almost in all national world pictures: Motherland is the place of birth of an individual; ancestral motherland-1 is the place of birth of the parents (ancestors) of the individual; ancestral motherland-2 is the place of origin of the people, place of residence, the territory of the tribal group. They are joined by the concept of fatherland, the country of citizenship. The representation core of Motherland is the lexeme töreen čurt and related lexemes töreen čer “home land,” čer-čurt “earth-homeland,” ada-čurt “of the fatherland,” iye-čurt “motherland,” “earth-homeland” töreen čurt, characterized by high frequency and minimal dependence on the context. The evolution of the concept of Motherland is distinctly traced in the poems of Tuvan writers of different times in comparison with the oral folk art works, allowing one to trace the content transformations of the concept of Motherland. The period reviewed represents Motherland as “large motherland” and “small motherland” by toponyms and common names. Together, they form a mobile structure of the Tuvan nation mentality, reacting to major changes in the linguacultural community’s life. The relevance of a particular conceptual sign varied in different periods of the Tuvan society’s history, demonstrated by the poetic texts of different periods.","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134029138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2022-2-43-52
G. E. Soldatova
The article is devoted to interpreting audio recordings of prosaic folklore made during the expedition to the Khanty of the Vakh river, the group of Eastern Khanty. Twenty-four texts recorded in the Vakh dialect of the Khanty language were translated into Russian by the informants themselves. Russian-language texts are used for genre-plot characterization of samples, and sound recordings are analyzed to reveal the intonation specifics. Several publications of Vakh Khanty oral folklore samples collected during the century were considered, the largest being the collections published in Russian by N. V. Lukina and in Khanty by N. I. Tereshkin and L. E. Kunina. The author summarizes the information on genres and their folk names and briefly describes the plots and characters of folklore prose. Many plots common among the Vakh Khanty are known to the neighboring peoples: Selkups and Kets. Folk tales and non-fairytale prose have been found to be the main types of the Vakh Khanty prose. Non-fairytale prose texts are easily identified by the genre marker, the initial word formulas. All narrations have been found to be intoned in the usual speech manner: melodious performance is not typical for Vakh folktales and non-fairytale prose. No musical episodes sung or performed on musical instruments were found. To some extent, the “musicalization” of folktales and non-fairytale prose is due to the various onomatopoeia. The melodious performance has been found only in the cumulative folktale “Pyut’kyali” (“The Birdie”), with the main intonation of the Khanty telling preserved even in the sounding of the Russian translation.
{"title":"Прозаический фольклор ваховских хантов (к интерпретации современных записей)","authors":"G. E. Soldatova","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2022-2-43-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2022-2-43-52","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to interpreting audio recordings of prosaic folklore made during the expedition to the Khanty of the Vakh river, the group of Eastern Khanty. Twenty-four texts recorded in the Vakh dialect of the Khanty language were translated into Russian by the informants themselves. Russian-language texts are used for genre-plot characterization of samples, and sound recordings are analyzed to reveal the intonation specifics. Several publications of Vakh Khanty oral folklore samples collected during the century were considered, the largest being the collections published in Russian by N. V. Lukina and in Khanty by N. I. Tereshkin and L. E. Kunina. The author summarizes the information on genres and their folk names and briefly describes the plots and characters of folklore prose. Many plots common among the Vakh Khanty are known to the neighboring peoples: Selkups and Kets. Folk tales and non-fairytale prose have been found to be the main types of the Vakh Khanty prose. Non-fairytale prose texts are easily identified by the genre marker, the initial word formulas. All narrations have been found to be intoned in the usual speech manner: melodious performance is not typical for Vakh folktales and non-fairytale prose. No musical episodes sung or performed on musical instruments were found. To some extent, the “musicalization” of folktales and non-fairytale prose is due to the various onomatopoeia. The melodious performance has been found only in the cumulative folktale “Pyut’kyali” (“The Birdie”), with the main intonation of the Khanty telling preserved even in the sounding of the Russian translation.","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131753453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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