Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2023-4-138-147
T. A. Golovaneva
The etymology of the names of the largest rivers in the north of Kamchatka: Apuka, Essowejem, and Pakhacha cannot be identified in the context of the Koryak language. These names are apparently a linguistic relic of older tribes who had inhabited the north of Kamchatka before the arrival of the Koryaks. The Koryak language hydronyms have a stable and typical word-formation structure. The model includes the stem base gytgyn ‘lake’ or wejem ‘river’, supplemented by a dependent base according to the rules of left-handed incorporation: Gal’mogytgyn ‘a crooked lake.’ The article considers the hydronyms that directly characterize the natural features of the objects (Yynagytgyn ‘a foggy lake,’ Kujviwejem ‘an icy river’) or refer to a certain kind of trees growing along the river (Tyklawajam ‘a poplar river’). Also considered are metaphorically grounded hydronyms (Upupkin ‘under the nose river’). The analysis covers the hydonyms with warning semantics (Akakujul ‘a terrible swamp stream’, Wajampylka ‘a river where people drown’. The structure of a Koryak hydronym can refer to a particular animal species (Yajolwajam ‘a fox river’) or the hydronym may be rationally motivated (Echgynnywajam ‘white fish river’). It is also possible for hydronyms to have mythological origins. The article presents the fragments of the legends the mythological motifs of which may have provided the basis for the appearance of hydronyms Yil’ewejem ‘the river of the Evrazhka’ or Ev’jojnwajam ‘the river near the place where wolves were driven into a trap.’ In conclusion, hybrid hydronyms used in cartography to nominate tributaries are discussed.
{"title":"Hydronyms of the north of Kamchatka and their comprehension in the Koryak oral tradition","authors":"T. A. Golovaneva","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2023-4-138-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2023-4-138-147","url":null,"abstract":"The etymology of the names of the largest rivers in the north of Kamchatka: Apuka, Essowejem, and Pakhacha cannot be identified in the context of the Koryak language. These names are apparently a linguistic relic of older tribes who had inhabited the north of Kamchatka before the arrival of the Koryaks. The Koryak language hydronyms have a stable and typical word-formation structure. The model includes the stem base gytgyn ‘lake’ or wejem ‘river’, supplemented by a dependent base according to the rules of left-handed incorporation: Gal’mogytgyn ‘a crooked lake.’ The article considers the hydronyms that directly characterize the natural features of the objects (Yynagytgyn ‘a foggy lake,’ Kujviwejem ‘an icy river’) or refer to a certain kind of trees growing along the river (Tyklawajam ‘a poplar river’). Also considered are metaphorically grounded hydronyms (Upupkin ‘under the nose river’). The analysis covers the hydonyms with warning semantics (Akakujul ‘a terrible swamp stream’, Wajampylka ‘a river where people drown’. The structure of a Koryak hydronym can refer to a particular animal species (Yajolwajam ‘a fox river’) or the hydronym may be rationally motivated (Echgynnywajam ‘white fish river’). It is also possible for hydronyms to have mythological origins. The article presents the fragments of the legends the mythological motifs of which may have provided the basis for the appearance of hydronyms Yil’ewejem ‘the river of the Evrazhka’ or Ev’jojnwajam ‘the river near the place where wolves were driven into a trap.’ In conclusion, hybrid hydronyms used in cartography to nominate tributaries are discussed.","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139187764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2023-4-57-70
L. A. Shamina
The article examines the use of finite and infinite predicates, specifically simple and analytical ones, in Tuvan prose. Our attention is on narrative sentences that present a sequential order of events. The analysis reveals that the discourse under study is predominantly characterized by infinite forms in the finite function, such as participles (non-analytical predicates) and gerunds as the initial component of analytical predicates. The finite design of the predicate implies a sequential presentation of events unfolding in time and space. Non-analytic and analytical structures of the predicate can be distinguished based on the presence of the adverbial first component and the participial first component. The infinite organization of the predicate presupposes the possibility of a causal link between consecutive events, although this assumption is not obligatory. Analytical constructions with different semantics, such as modal, aspectual, phase, and temporal, involve the use of the participles “on = p” and “on = a.” Auxiliary verbs modify the semantics of the main verb, adding additional characteristics to the mode of action. Analytical constructions with the semantics of “almost” are regarded as a special aspectual form. It indicates that the temporal phase of the situation denoted by the auxiliary verb is very close to the initial boundary of the situation described by the semantic verb on the time axis. However, despite being on the verge of realization in the past, such a situation failed to materialize.
文章研究了图瓦语散文中有限谓词和无限谓词的使用，特别是简单谓词和分析谓词的使用。我们关注的是呈现事件顺序的叙述性句子。分析表明，所研究的句子主要以有限功能中的无限形式为特征，如分词（非分析性谓词）和作为分析性谓词初始成分的动名词。谓词的有限设计意味着事件在时间和空间上的顺序呈现。谓词的非分析结构和分析结构可以根据是否有副词首成分和分词首成分来区分。谓词的无限结构预示了连续事件之间存在因果联系的可能性，尽管这一假设并不是强制性的。具有不同语义的分析结构，如模态结构、方面结构、阶段结构和时间结构，涉及分词 "on = p "和 "on = a "的使用。助动词修改了主动词的语义，为动作方式增加了额外的特征。语义为 "几乎 "的分析结构被视为一种特殊的方面形式。它表示助动词所表示的情况的时间阶段非常接近语义动词所描述的情况在时间轴上的初始边界。然而，尽管这种情况在过去濒临实现，却未能实现。
{"title":"Functioning of different types of predicates in the Tuvan language in narrative discourse","authors":"L. A. Shamina","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2023-4-57-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2023-4-57-70","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the use of finite and infinite predicates, specifically simple and analytical ones, in Tuvan prose. Our attention is on narrative sentences that present a sequential order of events. The analysis reveals that the discourse under study is predominantly characterized by infinite forms in the finite function, such as participles (non-analytical predicates) and gerunds as the initial component of analytical predicates. The finite design of the predicate implies a sequential presentation of events unfolding in time and space. Non-analytic and analytical structures of the predicate can be distinguished based on the presence of the adverbial first component and the participial first component. The infinite organization of the predicate presupposes the possibility of a causal link between consecutive events, although this assumption is not obligatory. Analytical constructions with different semantics, such as modal, aspectual, phase, and temporal, involve the use of the participles “on = p” and “on = a.” Auxiliary verbs modify the semantics of the main verb, adding additional characteristics to the mode of action. Analytical constructions with the semantics of “almost” are regarded as a special aspectual form. It indicates that the temporal phase of the situation denoted by the auxiliary verb is very close to the initial boundary of the situation described by the semantic verb on the time axis. However, despite being on the verge of realization in the past, such a situation failed to materialize.","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"49 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2023-4-116-125
M. T. Satanar
This article is a logical continuation of a previous study, “The image of the spirit-mistress of the earth in the Olonkho epic. Part 1: Static and dynamic characteristics,” which identified the composition of stable features of the image. The current study aims to verify the ancient roots of the anthropomorphic representation of the mistress of the earth in the context of the archaic worldview. To achieve this, the author utilized structural-semiotic and functionalsemantic types of analysis, as well as empathy and hermeneutics methods. The analysis reveals various historical layers in the image, reflecting the features of archaic strata of consciousness, specifically magism, totemism, fetishism, and animism. Additionally, the study uncovers the prerequisites for the formation of the image, represented by the elements of ancient cosmogony. The prototype of the image features a fused binary opposition of the feminine and masculine principles, with phytomorphic, ornithomorphic, and zoomorphic hypostases of the early layers of the image. The connection between the prototype and the goddess of childbirth and the patron saint of cattle breed-ing is identified. The development of the concept of the human kut ‘soul’ of the traditional worldview was found to have contributed significantly to the animistic worldview prototype design. Overall, the findings set the vector of further research towards determining the historical formation of the anthropomorphic image of Aan Alakhchyn Khotun, the Earth spirit mistress.
本文是之前研究 "奥隆科史诗中的大地女精灵形象 "的逻辑延续。第一部分：静态和动态特征"，该研究确定了该形象稳定特征的构成。目前的研究旨在从古老的世界观出发，验证大地女主人拟人化表征的古老根源。为此，作者采用了结构-符号学和功能-语义学分析方法，以及移情和诠释学方法。分析揭示了图像中的各种历史层次，反映了古代意识层的特征，特别是魔法、图腾、拜物教和泛灵论。此外，研究还揭示了以古代宇宙论元素为代表的图像形成的先决条件。该形象的原型以女性和男性原则的二元对立融合为特征，其早期层次包括植物形态、鸟类形态和动物形态。确定了原型与分娩女神和养牛守护神之间的联系。研究发现，传统世界观中人类 "灵魂"（kut）概念的发展对万物有灵论世界观原型的设计起到了重要作用。总之，研究结果为进一步研究确定地灵女主人 Aan Alakhchyn Khotun 拟人化形象的历史形成奠定了基础。
{"title":"The image of earth spirit in the olonkho epic. Part 2: Mythological origins","authors":"M. T. Satanar","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2023-4-116-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2023-4-116-125","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a logical continuation of a previous study, “The image of the spirit-mistress of the earth in the Olonkho epic. Part 1: Static and dynamic characteristics,” which identified the composition of stable features of the image. The current study aims to verify the ancient roots of the anthropomorphic representation of the mistress of the earth in the context of the archaic worldview. To achieve this, the author utilized structural-semiotic and functionalsemantic types of analysis, as well as empathy and hermeneutics methods. The analysis reveals various historical layers in the image, reflecting the features of archaic strata of consciousness, specifically magism, totemism, fetishism, and animism. Additionally, the study uncovers the prerequisites for the formation of the image, represented by the elements of ancient cosmogony. The prototype of the image features a fused binary opposition of the feminine and masculine principles, with phytomorphic, ornithomorphic, and zoomorphic hypostases of the early layers of the image. The connection between the prototype and the goddess of childbirth and the patron saint of cattle breed-ing is identified. The development of the concept of the human kut ‘soul’ of the traditional worldview was found to have contributed significantly to the animistic worldview prototype design. Overall, the findings set the vector of further research towards determining the historical formation of the anthropomorphic image of Aan Alakhchyn Khotun, the Earth spirit mistress.","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"44 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2022-2-100-113
A. Shamrin
This paper compares the data of our acoustic study on the South Kyungsang Korean consonant system with information about consonants of other Korean language dialects (North Korean, Seoul Korean, and Jeju Korean) and languages of hypothetic Altaic language family (Turkic languages of Siberia: Altaic, Teleut, Telengit, Kumandin, Tubin, Chelkan, Shor, Baraba-Tatar, Yakut, Dolgan) found in the scientific literature. The purpose of this study was to reveal the specifics of the South Kyungsang Korean consonant system within the system of Korean dialects and in comparison with the languages of the Altaic language family using comparative and typological analysis. The material of our study includes 1050 Korean words recorded on a voice recorder from 10 speakers of South Kyungsang Korean. Following the methodology used at the Laboratory of experimental phonetic studies of the Institute of Philology, SB RAS, each word was pronounced by each of the informants four times. We analyzed only the second and the third repetitions in the computer program Speech Analyzer, taking into account the data of oscillograms, spectrograms, f0, and intensity. We have noticed the similarity of the South Kyungsang consonant system with the consonant system of North Korean dialects, suggesting that the South Kyungsang and North Korean dialects have preserved some elements of the ancient Korean language. In addition, we have found the similarity with some consonant systems of Turkic languages due to the opposition of noisy consonants on a quantitative basis and to the blurred boundaries between sonority and noisiness.
{"title":"South Kyungsang consonant system in the context of the Korean language dialects and the Altaic language family","authors":"A. Shamrin","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2022-2-100-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2022-2-100-113","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares the data of our acoustic study on the South Kyungsang Korean consonant system with information about consonants of other Korean language dialects (North Korean, Seoul Korean, and Jeju Korean) and languages of hypothetic Altaic language family (Turkic languages of Siberia: Altaic, Teleut, Telengit, Kumandin, Tubin, Chelkan, Shor, Baraba-Tatar, Yakut, Dolgan) found in the scientific literature. The purpose of this study was to reveal the specifics of the South Kyungsang Korean consonant system within the system of Korean dialects and in comparison with the languages of the Altaic language family using comparative and typological analysis. The material of our study includes 1050 Korean words recorded on a voice recorder from 10 speakers of South Kyungsang Korean. Following the methodology used at the Laboratory of experimental phonetic studies of the Institute of Philology, SB RAS, each word was pronounced by each of the informants four times. We analyzed only the second and the third repetitions in the computer program Speech Analyzer, taking into account the data of oscillograms, spectrograms, f0, and intensity. We have noticed the similarity of the South Kyungsang consonant system with the consonant system of North Korean dialects, suggesting that the South Kyungsang and North Korean dialects have preserved some elements of the ancient Korean language. In addition, we have found the similarity with some consonant systems of Turkic languages due to the opposition of noisy consonants on a quantitative basis and to the blurred boundaries between sonority and noisiness.","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117167756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2022-1-22-31
E. L. Tiron
The genre of lullabies of Tuvans has been poorly studied. A precious little number of musical transcriptions of melodies of Tuvan lullabies have been published. This paper presents the results of an ethnomusicological study of a lullaby songs and rocking lullabies of the Tuvans using the recordings made during the expeditions to Tuva by ethnomusicologists and philologists of the Novosibirsk Conservatory and the Institute of Philology of the SB RAS. Some expeditions took place in cooperation with Tuvan colleagues. The analysis of the folk terminology used by the bearers of tradition in relation to this field of folk art has revealed four types of lullabies: lullaby songs, rocking lullabies, throat singing lullabies, and lullabies performed with tongue trembling. The first two types refer to genre characteristics, while the last two specify the timbre specifics of intonation. The study led the author to draw a conclusion about the heterogeneity of the lullaby genre, indicating the multitemporal nature of the appearance of lullaby songs and rocking lullabies of the Tuvans. Of importance is the observation that lullaby style accumulates many genres of ethnic intonation culture. It is through lullabies that a child is introduced to the intonational world of his ethnic culture. This work also provides comparative observations on terminology, cradle words, and the function of lullabies among the Turkic and Mongolian peoples of Siberia: Altaians, Shors, Khakas, Yakuts, Siberian Tatars, as well as Buryats and Mongols.
{"title":"Lullabies of Tuvans: based on the field materials of the Novosibirsk Conservatory and the Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences","authors":"E. L. Tiron","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2022-1-22-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2022-1-22-31","url":null,"abstract":"The genre of lullabies of Tuvans has been poorly studied. A precious little number of musical transcriptions of melodies of Tuvan lullabies have been published. This paper presents the results of an ethnomusicological study of a lullaby songs and rocking lullabies of the Tuvans using the recordings made during the expeditions to Tuva by ethnomusicologists and philologists of the Novosibirsk Conservatory and the Institute of Philology of the SB RAS. Some expeditions took place in cooperation with Tuvan colleagues. The analysis of the folk terminology used by the bearers of tradition in relation to this field of folk art has revealed four types of lullabies: lullaby songs, rocking lullabies, throat singing lullabies, and lullabies performed with tongue trembling. The first two types refer to genre characteristics, while the last two specify the timbre specifics of intonation. The study led the author to draw a conclusion about the heterogeneity of the lullaby genre, indicating the multitemporal nature of the appearance of lullaby songs and rocking lullabies of the Tuvans. Of importance is the observation that lullaby style accumulates many genres of ethnic intonation culture. It is through lullabies that a child is introduced to the intonational world of his ethnic culture. This work also provides comparative observations on terminology, cradle words, and the function of lullabies among the Turkic and Mongolian peoples of Siberia: Altaians, Shors, Khakas, Yakuts, Siberian Tatars, as well as Buryats and Mongols.","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123333742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2021-2-94-101
E. Yamaeva
A dog plays a significant role in the world mythology. The Teleut epos “Keziyke” presents the motif of a dog being killed during the funeral ceremony. Also, this motif can be seen in the text of “Avesta” telling about bringing a dog to the funeral ceremony to help the soul reach the world of the dead safely. Teleuts are considered descendants of the ancient Oguz, an ethnic group of Turkic origin. The oral folklore provided us with the idea of a dog state and people born with a dog body and a human head. The analysis of the Chinese chronicle allows assuming that a habit of people’s feeding the dogs from their plate was despised by representatives of the official religion of the Turkic Tengrism. This information can serve as a chronological marker, suggesting confidently that the dog was not a deity in the religious-mythological pantheon of the Turks around the sixth century. Nevertheless, the Turks had neighbors, perhaps even Turkish-speaking people, greatly respecting. In the Teleut epic, the traces of the dog cult appear in the context of afterlife representations. The presence of the dog cult in the epic of Oguz indicates their worship of this creature. They were also close to the Siberian peoples with the most prominent dog cult. The motifs similar to the Iranian and their ethnographic sources indicate that the ancestors of several Altai ethnic groups (Tele / Oguz) were part of the ancient Turkic-Iranian cultural community.
{"title":"On an episode of a funeral ritual associated with a dog in the Teleut epic “Keziyke”: To the problem of Turkic (Oghuz) and Indo-Iranian cultural heritage","authors":"E. Yamaeva","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2021-2-94-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2021-2-94-101","url":null,"abstract":"A dog plays a significant role in the world mythology. The Teleut epos “Keziyke” presents the motif of a dog being killed during the funeral ceremony. Also, this motif can be seen in the text of “Avesta” telling about bringing a dog to the funeral ceremony to help the soul reach the world of the dead safely. Teleuts are considered descendants of the ancient Oguz, an ethnic group of Turkic origin. The oral folklore provided us with the idea of a dog state and people born with a dog body and a human head. The analysis of the Chinese chronicle allows assuming that a habit of people’s feeding the dogs from their plate was despised by representatives of the official religion of the Turkic Tengrism. This information can serve as a chronological marker, suggesting confidently that the dog was not a deity in the religious-mythological pantheon of the Turks around the sixth century. Nevertheless, the Turks had neighbors, perhaps even Turkish-speaking people, greatly respecting. In the Teleut epic, the traces of the dog cult appear in the context of afterlife representations. The presence of the dog cult in the epic of Oguz indicates their worship of this creature. They were also close to the Siberian peoples with the most prominent dog cult. The motifs similar to the Iranian and their ethnographic sources indicate that the ancestors of several Altai ethnic groups (Tele / Oguz) were part of the ancient Turkic-Iranian cultural community.","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122892229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2023-2-65-75
A. V. Arkhipova
Modus-dictum constructions are one of the most important functional-semantic types of polypredicative constructions. Numerous studies of such constructions have been conducted in different languages. Nevertheless, the constructions expressing modus-dictum relations in the Nenets language have yet to be sufficiently studied. The most frequent part of speech in such sentences is known to be the name of action. This work aims to study the modus-dictum constructions with the names of action in the Nenets language. The Nenets language is characterized by the change in the form of the dependent part of the sentence influenced by the semantics of the modus verb in the main clause. Four types of modus-dictum constructions with the names of action are distinguished: constructions with the name of action in the accusative, dative, ablative, and locative cases. The most functionally significant type of modus-dictum constructions has been found to be the construction with the name of action in the accusative case. Such a construction expresses a speaker’s confidence in the source of information. Other constructions have been found to express the semantics of the absence of an information source, as well as some additional meanings of negative or positive emotion, order, desire, and so on.
{"title":"Modus-dictum constructions with the names of action in the Nenets language","authors":"A. V. Arkhipova","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2023-2-65-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2023-2-65-75","url":null,"abstract":"Modus-dictum constructions are one of the most important functional-semantic types of polypredicative constructions. Numerous studies of such constructions have been conducted in different languages. Nevertheless, the constructions expressing modus-dictum relations in the Nenets language have yet to be sufficiently studied. The most frequent part of speech in such sentences is known to be the name of action. This work aims to study the modus-dictum constructions with the names of action in the Nenets language. The Nenets language is characterized by the change in the form of the dependent part of the sentence influenced by the semantics of the modus verb in the main clause. Four types of modus-dictum constructions with the names of action are distinguished: constructions with the name of action in the accusative, dative, ablative, and locative cases. The most functionally significant type of modus-dictum constructions has been found to be the construction with the name of action in the accusative case. Such a construction expresses a speaker’s confidence in the source of information. Other constructions have been found to express the semantics of the absence of an information source, as well as some additional meanings of negative or positive emotion, order, desire, and so on.","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129784353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2021-2-44-52
P. A. Lyapina, T. Ryzhikova
This work aims at identifying and describing the articulatory characteristics of the bilabial and guttural consonant phonemes of the Surgut dialect of the Khanty language by distributive analysis. The Khanty language is characterized by a pronounced dialect fragmentation. The Surgut dialect is one of the Eastern Khanty dialects. A number of works are devoted to its vocalism, while only one paper addresses the Surgut consonantism. The system of the Surgut dialect consonants is characterized by several features, with one being the alternation of fricative bilabial [w], guttural non-labialized [ɣ], and guttural labialized [ɣЮ] consonants. According to experimental studies conducted in the V. M. Nadelyaev Laboratory of Experimental-Phonetic Researches, Institute of Philology, SB RAS, these sounds have been found to alternate not only in speakers of different Surgut sub-dialects but also in the speech of one speaker. This study examined the word forms with target sounds found in the dictionary of the Eastern Khanty dialects by N. I. Tereshkin. The paper presents language material, with a series of words in different phonetic contexts and a summary distribution table. Following N. S. Trubetskoy’s rules of phoneme distinction, we performed a sound analysis and identified two phonemes: the bilabial rounded phoneme /w/ and the guttural hypothetical pho-neme /ɣ/. The bilabial one was found to have two allophones [w, ɣЮ], with the guttural phoneme realized only in one allophone [ɣ].
本研究旨在通过分布分析来识别和描述汉特语苏尔古特方言的双声母和喉音音素的发音特征。汉特语的特点是明显的方言碎片化。苏尔古特方言是东汉特方言之一。许多作品都致力于它的声乐，而只有一篇论文涉及苏尔古特辅音。苏尔古特方言的辅音系统有几个特点，其中一个特点是摩擦双元音[w]，喉音非唇化[j]和喉音唇化[j Ю]辅音的交替。根据SB RAS语言学研究所V. M. Nadelyaev实验语音研究实验室进行的实验研究，这些声音不仅在不同的苏尔古特次方言中存在交替，而且在一个说话者的讲话中也存在交替。本研究考察了特列什金(N. I. Tereshkin)在《东汉特方言词典》中发现的带目标音的词形。本文提供了语言材料，包括一系列不同语音上下文的单词和摘要分布表。根据N. S. Trubetskoy的音素区分规则，我们进行了声音分析，并确定了两个音素:双声部的圆形音素/w/和喉部的假设音素/ /。双音音素有两个音素[w， [Ю]，而喉音音素只有一个音素[qh]。
{"title":"Distribution of voiced fricative consonants of the Surgut dialect of the Khanty language in the position after vowels","authors":"P. A. Lyapina, T. Ryzhikova","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2021-2-44-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2021-2-44-52","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims at identifying and describing the articulatory characteristics of the bilabial and guttural consonant phonemes of the Surgut dialect of the Khanty language by distributive analysis. The Khanty language is characterized by a pronounced dialect fragmentation. The Surgut dialect is one of the Eastern Khanty dialects. A number of works are devoted to its vocalism, while only one paper addresses the Surgut consonantism. The system of the Surgut dialect consonants is characterized by several features, with one being the alternation of fricative bilabial [w], guttural non-labialized [ɣ], and guttural labialized [ɣЮ] consonants. According to experimental studies conducted in the V. M. Nadelyaev Laboratory of Experimental-Phonetic Researches, Institute of Philology, SB RAS, these sounds have been found to alternate not only in speakers of different Surgut sub-dialects but also in the speech of one speaker. This study examined the word forms with target sounds found in the dictionary of the Eastern Khanty dialects by N. I. Tereshkin. The paper presents language material, with a series of words in different phonetic contexts and a summary distribution table. Following N. S. Trubetskoy’s rules of phoneme distinction, we performed a sound analysis and identified two phonemes: the bilabial rounded phoneme /w/ and the guttural hypothetical pho-neme /ɣ/. The bilabial one was found to have two allophones [w, ɣЮ], with the guttural phoneme realized only in one allophone [ɣ].","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128492245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2019-1-5-32
A. Nikolsky, E. Alekseyev, I. E. Alekxeyev, V. Dyakonova
This article is an attempt to further develop the theory of divergence of musical systems of east and west of Eurasia by defining characteristics of a special type of musical cognition prevalent in traditional musical cultures of the indige-nous population of Siberia and Russian Far East. Its underlying trait is orientation on timbre (spectral content of musical sound) rather than pitch (frequency relations between musical sounds). Accordingly, western Eurasian musical cultures are characterized by the evolution of frequency-based modes towards Western tonality – in contrast to the northeastern Eurasian cultures’ special “timbral modes” and “spectral textures.” Unlike “tonality” of frequency-based forms of music, timbral “tonal organization” relies on personal use of music. Most known forms of musicking in timbre-based musical cultures of northern Eurasia are based on making music “for oneself” or for close circle of relatives and friends. Collective music-making here is exceedingly rare. Timbre-based music most likely has vocal roots and originates in the institution of “personal song” – a system of personal identifica-tion by means of individualized patterns of changes in rhythm, timbre and pitch contour following the model of person-alization of the speaking voice. “Personal song” allows for recognizing a person similar to the way in which we recog-nize a person by his voice. The Jew’s harp musical tradition constitutes the instrumental counterpart to personalized singing. Evolution of tonal organization of jaw harp music, largely determined by its unique acoustic features, compris-es the backbone of the historic development of timbre-based music systems.
{"title":"What the “Talking Jew’s Harp” is saying: Jew’s harp and personal song as the foundation of timbre-oriented musical systems","authors":"A. Nikolsky, E. Alekseyev, I. E. Alekxeyev, V. Dyakonova","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2019-1-5-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2019-1-5-32","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an attempt to further develop the theory of divergence of musical systems of east and west of Eurasia by defining characteristics of a special type of musical cognition prevalent in traditional musical cultures of the indige-nous population of Siberia and Russian Far East. Its underlying trait is orientation on timbre (spectral content of musical sound) rather than pitch (frequency relations between musical sounds). Accordingly, western Eurasian musical cultures are characterized by the evolution of frequency-based modes towards Western tonality – in contrast to the northeastern Eurasian cultures’ special “timbral modes” and “spectral textures.” Unlike “tonality” of frequency-based forms of music, timbral “tonal organization” relies on personal use of music. Most known forms of musicking in timbre-based musical cultures of northern Eurasia are based on making music “for oneself” or for close circle of relatives and friends. Collective music-making here is exceedingly rare. Timbre-based music most likely has vocal roots and originates in the institution of “personal song” – a system of personal identifica-tion by means of individualized patterns of changes in rhythm, timbre and pitch contour following the model of person-alization of the speaking voice. “Personal song” allows for recognizing a person similar to the way in which we recog-nize a person by his voice. The Jew’s harp musical tradition constitutes the instrumental counterpart to personalized singing. Evolution of tonal organization of jaw harp music, largely determined by its unique acoustic features, compris-es the backbone of the historic development of timbre-based music systems.","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124343125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2019-2-51-57
N. Shirobokova, N. Fedina
In the following article, we describe the changes that have occurred in Chalkan phonetics over the last 70 years. We compare the consonant system data collected by N. A. Baskakov to modern research data of Siberian experimental phonetics. Certain differences between the Chalkan phonetic systems and other Siberian languages are revealed. We also describe the phonetic processes that are currently taking place in the modern Chalkan language. We list the following changes in Chalkan consonantism: nasalization of labial consonants in anlaut (p- → m-), denasalization of labial consonants in inlaut (-m- → -β-), spirantization of occlusive labial phonemes in inlaut (-p- → -β-), replacement of the anlaut č- by the Altai ħ-, removal of the final fricative low-obstruent super-weak -ɣ. In Siberian Turkic languages, including the Chalkan language (as well as some Kipchak languages, including Kyrgyz, Kazakh, etc.), one may observe a process that can be characterized as a shift of phonotactic trends typical for monosyllabic roots in inter-morphemic clusters of consonants. As the model of affix annexation via connective vowels disappeared, the number of inter-morphemic consonant combinations increased, intensifying the processes of assimilation. Cases of progressive assimilation are the most common: if a stem ends with a vowel or a sonorous consonant, the first obstruent consonant of the affix is either voiced or sonorous (tүn=de ‘at night’, palъ=ɡe ‘to the child’ in Chalkan). If a stem ends with a voiceless consonant, the first consonant of the affix is also voiceless (pᴜlᴜt(t)e ‘on a cloud’, kaske ‘to a goose’ in Chalkan). The Chalkan languages possesses traits typical for Southern Siberian Turkic languages; however, it also has traits similar to those of Kipchak languages, namely the relatively high degree of preservation of voiceless intervocalic consonants in stems (whereas in inter-morphemic positions they are voiced).
在下面的文章中，我们将描述在过去70年里，Chalkan语音学发生的变化。我们将巴斯卡科夫收集的辅音系统数据与现代西伯利亚实验语音学研究数据进行了比较。廓尔坎语的语音系统与其他西伯利亚语言之间存在一定的差异。我们还描述了目前在现代Chalkan语言中发生的语音过程。我们列出了Chalkan辅音的以下变化:anlaut中唇辅音的鼻音化(p-→m-)， inlaut中唇辅音的去鼻音化(-m-→-β-)， inlaut中咬合的唇音素的螺音化(-p-→-β-)，用Altai的ε -取代anlaut的ε -，去除最后的低阻塞超弱的摩擦音- - -。在西伯利亚突厥语中，包括Chalkan语言(以及一些Kipchak语言，包括吉尔吉斯语，哈萨克语等)，人们可以观察到一个过程，可以被描述为声母间语素群中单音节词根的典型音位变化趋势。随着通过连接元音进行词缀兼并的模式消失，语素间辅音组合的数量增加，从而加剧了同化过程。渐进式同化的例子是最常见的:如果一个词干以元音或发音的辅音结尾，那么词缀的第一个阻塞辅音要么是发音的，要么是发音的(tүn=de ' at night '， pal =在Chalkan中' to the child ')。如果一个词干以一个不发音的辅音结尾，那么词缀的第一个辅音也是不发音的(p _ l _ t(t)e ' ona cloud '， kaske ' to a goose '在Chalkan语中)。查尔坎语具有南西伯利亚突厥语的典型特征;然而，它也有类似于Kipchak语言的特征，即在词干中相对较高程度地保留了不发音的中间辅音(而在语素间位置它们是发声的)。
{"title":"Some of the features of the consonant system of the Chalkan language","authors":"N. Shirobokova, N. Fedina","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2019-2-51-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2019-2-51-57","url":null,"abstract":"In the following article, we describe the changes that have occurred in Chalkan phonetics over the last 70 years. We compare the consonant system data collected by N. A. Baskakov to modern research data of Siberian experimental phonetics. Certain differences between the Chalkan phonetic systems and other Siberian languages are revealed. We also describe the phonetic processes that are currently taking place in the modern Chalkan language. We list the following changes in Chalkan consonantism: nasalization of labial consonants in anlaut (p- → m-), denasalization of labial consonants in inlaut (-m- → -β-), spirantization of occlusive labial phonemes in inlaut (-p- → -β-), replacement of the anlaut č- by the Altai ħ-, removal of the final fricative low-obstruent super-weak -ɣ. In Siberian Turkic languages, including the Chalkan language (as well as some Kipchak languages, including Kyrgyz, Kazakh, etc.), one may observe a process that can be characterized as a shift of phonotactic trends typical for monosyllabic roots in inter-morphemic clusters of consonants. As the model of affix annexation via connective vowels disappeared, the number of inter-morphemic consonant combinations increased, intensifying the processes of assimilation. Cases of progressive assimilation are the most common: if a stem ends with a vowel or a sonorous consonant, the first obstruent consonant of the affix is either voiced or sonorous (tүn=de ‘at night’, palъ=ɡe ‘to the child’ in Chalkan). If a stem ends with a voiceless consonant, the first consonant of the affix is also voiceless (pᴜlᴜt(t)e ‘on a cloud’, kaske ‘to a goose’ in Chalkan). The Chalkan languages possesses traits typical for Southern Siberian Turkic languages; however, it also has traits similar to those of Kipchak languages, namely the relatively high degree of preservation of voiceless intervocalic consonants in stems (whereas in inter-morphemic positions they are voiced).","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131154323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：