Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2023-1-26-38
L. Ozolinya
Complicating adverbials are represented in the Orok language by non-predicative possessive constructions, verbal nouns of “complex semantics.” As a universal semantic category for expressing attributive relations between names, possessiveness has specific expression mechanisms in each language. In the Tungus-Manchu languages, possessiveness is formalized by attributive possessive constructions. Traditionally, semantic relations between the components of a possessive construction are implemented at the level of a two-term structure, with the first component being the name-possessor and the second component being the object of possession (exclusively a noun), formed by a markerrelator (possessive suffix). Depending on the grammatical class of the first component (the possessor), possessive constructions are characterized as substantive and pronominative, the latter derepresented by personal and reflexive ones occupying the position of an adverbial in the sentence and regarded as “complicating” in terms of semantics. The verbal nouns of “complex semantics” are traditionally referred to as verb forms: “simultaneous form,” “conditional-temporal form,” “purpose form,” “conditionally concessive form,” and “failed action form.” These verbal nouns occupy the syntactic positions of the adverbials of time, purpose, condition, concession, or unachieved purpose in the sentence as part of a possessive construction. The semantic equivalents of these adverbials in Russian are phrases of possessive pronouns with prepositional-case forms of a noun, or clauses of the corresponding categories in complex sentences, attached by subordinating conjunctions or allied words. This work describes the inventory of complicating adverbials manifested in possessive constructions with verbal nouns of special ancient paradigms in terms of structure and semantics.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2019-2-26-32
V. Moskvina
The article deals with the spells of one functional-thematic group recorded in the Middle Irtysh region. The features of existence of these spells in the regional tradition of the Middle Irtysh region and versification of their plots are re- vealed. The prevalence of spells in cause of a wrench in the two Northern districts of Omsk region is caused by the settle- ment of Belarusians in these places in the late XIX – early XX centuries. This suggests that the place of the exodus tra- dition of the spells from a wrench is in Belarus. The analysis of the plots of these spells confirms this assumption. The method of examining the Siberian plots is based on the systematization of structural elements of plots proposed by T. A. Agapkina and A. L. Toporkov which researchers call episodes. The article compares the episodes of the second Mersebourg spell in Belarusian spells with Siberian texts. The comparison shows that the language of this spells being subjected to Russification. On the one hand, this leads to the loss of some motives and formulas, i.e. the violation of the integrity of the plot, on the other hand, the rhythm of the text is enhanced, the rhyme appears. These processes open the way to the penetration of verbal components from other functional groups into the considered spells. As the result, one can observe the extension of ideas that this disease is not necessarily associated with the violation of integrity of the body.
本文对中额尔齐斯地区记载的一个功能主题群的符咒进行了研究。揭示了这些符咒在中鄂梯什地区地域传统中的存在特征及其情节的诗化。在鄂木斯克州北部的两个地区，造成扳手的法术的流行是由19世纪末至20世纪初在这些地方定居的白俄罗斯人造成的。这表明，从扳手中流传咒语的地方是在白俄罗斯。对这些咒语情节的分析证实了这一假设。检查西伯利亚地块的方法是基于T. A. Agapkina和A. L. Toporkov提出的地块结构要素的系统化，研究人员称之为情节。本文比较了白俄罗斯语符咒中的第二个默塞堡符咒与西伯利亚文本的情节。对比表明，这种语言正在遭受俄罗斯化。这一方面导致一些动机和公式的丧失，即违背了情节的完整性，另一方面，文本的节奏感增强，押韵出现。这些过程为其他功能组的语言成分渗透到所考虑的咒语中开辟了道路。因此，人们可以观察到这种疾病不一定与侵犯身体完整性有关的观点的延伸。
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2021-2-9-24
T. Timkin
The paper deals with the quality features of Surgut Khanty vowels obtained by an electromagnetic articulography experiment with one native speaker of the dialect. During the experiment, coordinates of the sensors placed on the speaker’s tongue and lips were tracked with an electromagnetic field. In total, approximately 350 isolated phonetic words were recorded. The coordinates of the tongue sensor placed on the dorsum and the interlabial distance calculated from the data of two sensors on the lower and upper lips were used for the analysis. The articulography data confirm some observations made earlier with audition and acoustic techniques: there are mid-row vowels (/ɨː/ and some allophones of /ʉ/, /ɘ/, /ʊː/), mid-closed vowels (/ɘ/, /o/, /oː/), and mid-open vowels (/ɛ/, /ɔ/, /ɔː/) in the dialect. It has been shown that when using the proposed sensor displacement, the horizontal coordinate is informative for the vowel row, the vertical coordinate correlates with the vowel openness, and the interlabial distance corresponds to the openness and the rounding. At the same time, the displacement used was found to be not always indicative for distinguishing the low and low-open vowels and pharyngeal features.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2021-2-111-118
S. A. Unru
The paper studies the military culture of indigenous peoples in heroic epos of the Tungus-Manchurian, Ob-Ugric, and Paleo-Asiatic peoples. The Evenk folklore reflects the period of wars with Changites and Deptygirs. The descriptions of the bogatyrs’ battles with enemies show a special formula condemning the confrontation. High-status characters warn the warriors of their responsibility to the spirits for the destruction. In Chukchi and Koryak folklore, some peoples unite to fight against others for land and deer herds. The heroes protect the community and family honor by following the custom of blood feuds. There are still legends about wars and ancestors’ attempts to make a truce. The main Khanty and Mansi heroic tales are about the military campaigns for matchmaking or blood feuds, fights for deer, and territorial claims, the plots often ending with a peace agreement. Also, the battle could be for deer herds, grazing, prisoners, often resulting in bloodshed. One enemy would be left alive to inform tribesmen about the end of the war. The legends describe peace agreements confirmed by a joint meal. Folklore translates the peaceful life value and condemns war. The relations of Siberian and Far Eastern ethnic groups have been developing for centuries. They share the history of struggle for territories and resources, marriage and trade relations, heroic competitions. Northern ethnic legends tell about the contacts and wars with the nearest neighbors and the importance of peaceful coexistence. The folklore descriptions of military ethics and formulas calling for peace form a culture of inter-ethnic interaction.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2019-1-46-52
A. Grinevich
The article is devoted to the plot construction principles of ritual songs of the bear feast of Kazym Khanty. The ritual songs of a bear feast are characterized by multilevel text structure. In the field of view of the author are 8 mish songs (the songs of deity luck) and 7 poekty songs (prayers to a great gods). Comparing of mish songs the author distinguishes its two main types: male and female mish songs which are characterized by the following constant elements in the structure of the narrative: beginning; the description of the house of the deity; deity goes out of house; deity gets news from a crow; deity picks up; deity arrives to a bear feast; deity performs a dance that brings good luck in hunting. The number of constant motifs in poekty prayer songs is fewer: the description of the house in which the great deity sits; deity writes destinies; deity picks up; final: deity performs a dance that makes people’s life better. Thereby the typicality of the mish and poekty songs is of different degrees. Male and female deities in mish songs have a large number of similarities. But the prayer-songs dedicated to great deities are more individual.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2019-2-85-88
I. M. Chebochakova
In 2018, the first grammar of the Khakass language, written within the academic traditions of that time by the fa-mous Turkologist Nadezhda Petrovna Dyrenkova, was 80 years old. Also, may 31, 2019 marks the 120th anniversary of the birth of this outstanding scientist. These two dates, as well as the need to familiarize the Khakass public with the publication, which has become a bibliographic rarity, and its author in the light of the increasing interest in the society to the Khakass language explains the relevance of this article. Nadezhda Petrovna's research talent allowed her to create the first scientific grammar of the modern Khakass language, which served as the basis for writing the following aca-demic grammar. One of its important aspects can be considered to be the focus on the explanation of the peculiarities of the use of units of language in speech, that is, its practical nature.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2019-2-78-84
M. Chertykova
The article provides a semantic-cognitive analysis of the ethnocultural components of the common Turkic zoolex-eme ат ‘horse’, as a unit of the proverbial picture of the world. The proverbial picture of the world is a fragment of the linguistic picture of the world, which is a linguoculturological and cognitive model of various thematic proverbial groups. The structure of Khakassian proverbs and sayings has phonostylistic features: the obligatory presence of rhyme, assessment of various characteristics of a person and other phenomena of everyday life, figuratively associative com-parison of any properties of a person with objects of nature, including the endowment of animals with traits of a per-son’s character. Thus, the structure of all the proverbs and sayings we analyze is different in using the method of com-parative parallelism, for example, a child and a foal, a man and a horse. In the Khakass worldview philosophy, en-shrined in paremias, ат ‘horse’ is perceived as a true friend, ally and assistant of a person, in particular a man. The proverbs and sayings emphasize the relationship between man and horse, draw a figurative parallel of the positive and negative qualities of their characters, the careful and respectful attitude of man to the horse. In the Khakass national worldview, the horse is also a symbol of prosperity, well-being, therefore, it can also appear in traditional well-wishes, in reflections on the themes of eternity, time, life and death, for example, Ат öлзе, изері халар (Mudroe, 2014, p. 6) ‘Nothing disappears without a trace (lit. if a horse dies, a saddle remains)’. This proverb implies the idea that even if a person leaves this world, his good deeds will remain. The study showed the interconnection of the language and worldview culture of the Khakass ethnic group, which takes a basis in the everyday life of a nomadic society and mani-fests itself in fixed sayings, where the acting character is one of the main symbols of the Turkic world – ат ‘horse’. As far as we know, such signs are broadcast in the proverbial picture of the world and other Turkic peoples, thereby we can note the universality of the peculiarities of updating the ат ‘horse’ concept.
本文对突厥语zoolex-eme的民族文化组成部分进行了语义认知分析，并将其作为世界图景的一个单位。谚语世界图景是语言世界图景的一个片段，是各种主题谚语群体的语言文化学和认知模型。哈萨克谚语和谚语的结构具有音韵学特征:押韵的强制性存在，对人的各种特征和日常生活中的其他现象的评估，将人的任何属性与自然物体进行象征性的联想比较，包括赋予具有人的性格特征的动物。因此，我们使用比较平行法分析的所有谚语和谚语的结构都是不同的，例如，一个孩子和一个小马驹，一个人和一匹马。在哈卡斯的世界观哲学中，“马”被视为一个人，尤其是一个人的真正的朋友、盟友和助手。谚语强调人与马的关系，比喻人与马性格的正反两面，比喻人对马的谨慎和尊重。在Khakass民族的世界观中，马也是繁荣、幸福的象征，因此，它也可以出现在传统的祝福中，在对永恒、时间、生命和死亡主题的反思中，例如Ат öлзе， изері халар (Mudroe, 2014, p. 6)“没有什么会消失得毫无痕迹(例如，如果马死了，马鞍会留下)”。这句谚语的意思是，即使一个人离开了这个世界，他的善行也会继续存在。该研究显示了哈卡斯民族的语言和世界观文化之间的相互联系，这种联系以游牧社会的日常生活为基础，并在固定的谚语中得到体现，其中的角色是突厥世界的主要符号之一-“马”。据我们所知，这样的标志是在世界和其他突厥民族的谚语图片中传播的，因此我们可以注意到更新“马”概念的特殊性的普遍性。
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2022-2-85-99
E. Shestera
Acoustic analysis of the intonation of imperative statements of the Teleut language revealed some patterns in the development of the Teleut intonation system. The new data were compared with those obtained by F. A. Kim when studying similar linguistic material. These patterns are in line with the science of language and are explained by the linguistic situation of the endangered Teleut language. Thus, the new tendencies can be seen in the pronunciation of bilingual speakers of a younger generation. In turn, the features described by F. A. Kim are more characteristic of the speech of the older generation speakers, who consider the Teleut language to be their native language. Each utterance was characterized as having a rheme with a zero topic. The rheme in short imperative statements representing a request, demand, advice, or order was found to have a globally increasing pitch or may be characterized as a fall-rise or rise-fall pitch movement.
对特留特语祈使句语调的声学分析揭示了特留特语语调系统发展的一些规律。新的数据与F. A. Kim在研究类似语言材料时获得的数据进行了比较。这些模式符合语言科学，并可以用濒临灭绝的特留特语的语言状况来解释。因此，在年轻一代的双语者的发音中可以看到新的趋势。反过来，F. A. Kim所描述的特征更符合老一辈人的语言特征，他们认为特留特语是他们的母语。每个话语的特点是有一个无主题的述位。短祈使句中代表请求、要求、建议或命令的述位具有全局递增的音高，也可以表现为降-升或升-降的音高运动。
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2019-1-74-83
A. Ozonova
Semantics of subjunctive mood are expressed in most Turkic languages, however, subjunctive mood itself is not always included in the system of grammatical mood forms in descriptive grammars of specific languages. Analytical forms consisting of future tense participles of the main verbs and past tense forms of the auxiliary verbs serve as subjunctive mood markers in Turkic languages (excluding Khakas). In the following article, we analyze the structure, semantics, and functioning of the Altai subjunctive mood. The following analytical forms serve as subjunctive mood markers: -ar/-bas edi и -ɣaj/-baɣaj edi. The first form consists of the future-present tense participial form with -ar/-bas and the auxiliary verb e- ‘to be, to become’ in the past tense form with -di; the second one consists of the desiderative form -ɣaj and the same auxiliary verb e- ‘to be, to become’ in the past tense form with -di. The form -ar/-bas edi is the base form actively functioning as expression of subjunctive mood. In the Altai language, subjunctive mood functions actively in conditional and, less commonly, in conditional-concessive constructions. Subjunctive mood marks the main parts of these constructions and predicates in simple sentences. Subjunctive mood denotes contrafactive situations in the past, and hypothetical situations in the future. Contrafactive situations are not real. They never happened in the past, do not exist in the present, and will not take place in the future. The subjunctive form -ar/-bas edi as a finite predicate in simple sentences also expresses the meaning of non- categoricalness, which is used in dialogues in order to soften the speakers declaration of intent or to make a statement less categorical.
大多数突厥语都表达虚拟语气的语义，但在特定语言的描述性语法中，虚拟语气本身并不总是包含在语法语气形式体系中。主要动词的将来时分词和助动词的过去时组成的分析形式是突厥语(不包括卡卡斯语)的虚拟语气标记。在接下来的文章中，我们分析了阿尔泰虚拟语气的结构、语义和功能。下面的分析形式可以作为虚拟语气标记:-ar/-bas edi * * /-ba * aj edi。第一种形式由将来现在时分词形式-ar/-bas和助动词e-“to be, to become”组成，过去时形式-di;第二种是由祈愿形式- - - aj和同样的助动词- - -过去时形式- - -di组成的。-ar/-bas edi是主动表达虚拟语气的基本形式。在阿尔泰语中，虚拟语气在条件句中起着积极的作用，在条件-让步句中也不太常见。虚拟语气是这些结构和谓语在简单句中的主要组成部分。虚拟语气表示过去的契约情况，未来的假设情况。相反的情况是不真实的。它们过去从未发生过，现在不存在，将来也不会发生。虚拟语气-ar/- has在简单句中作为有限谓语也表达非直言性的意思，在对话中使用，以软化说话人的意图声明或使陈述不那么直言。
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25205/2312-6337-2022-1-89-99
T. V. Dayneko
{"title":"The work of a lifetime:Interview with Evgenia Nikolaevna Kuz’mina (on her 75th birthday)","authors":"T. V. Dayneko","doi":"10.25205/2312-6337-2022-1-89-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2022-1-89-99","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":112261,"journal":{"name":"Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133231722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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