Diamond and Related Materials最新文献

英文中文

Hard acid doped carbon nitride sensors for detecting Alzheimer's biomarker: Formic acid

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Diamond and Related Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112102

Hafiza Fatima , Sania Ashraf , Ali Raza , Palwasha Sajid , Amir Habib , Adeel Afzal

An inexpensive electrochemical sensor for the detection of formic acid (HCOOH), recently recognized as a biomarker associated with cognitive abilities, can reveal early-stage Alzheimer's disease. In this context, electrochemical sensors based on graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) nanosheets are developed to detect formic acid. Additionally, GCN nanostructures are chemically decorated with various hard-acid cationic dopants, including Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺, and Sn⁴⁺ ions, and treated with formic acid to study the influence of cationic dopants and formic acid treatment on the surface morphology, electrochemical characteristics such as electroactive surface area, heterogeneous rate constant, interfacial charge-transfer resistance, and sensing properties of the resulting Cr-GCN, Fe-GCN, or Sn-GCN materials. Cationic dopants generally enhance the electrochemical properties and effectiveness of the resulting sensors, with Cr-GCN exhibiting the highest sensitivity of 4.87 μA/μM. In contrast, formic acid treatment of pristine and cation-doped GCN has a detrimental effect on the electrocatalytic properties of these materials. Overall, these electrochemical sensors, characterized by their excellent sensitivity, sub-micromolar (< 1 μM) formic acid detection capability, and cost-effectiveness, hold significant potential in facilitating point-of-care testing, disease monitoring, and predicting treatment outcomes related to Alzheimer's disease.

{"title":"Hard acid doped carbon nitride sensors for detecting Alzheimer's biomarker: Formic acid","authors":"Hafiza Fatima , Sania Ashraf , Ali Raza , Palwasha Sajid , Amir Habib , Adeel Afzal","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An inexpensive electrochemical sensor for the detection of formic acid (HCOOH), recently recognized as a biomarker associated with cognitive abilities, can reveal early-stage Alzheimer's disease. In this context, electrochemical sensors based on graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) nanosheets are developed to detect formic acid. Additionally, GCN nanostructures are chemically decorated with various hard-acid cationic dopants, including Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, and Sn<sup>4+</sup> ions, and treated with formic acid to study the influence of cationic dopants and formic acid treatment on the surface morphology, electrochemical characteristics such as electroactive surface area, heterogeneous rate constant, interfacial charge-transfer resistance, and sensing properties of the resulting Cr-GCN, Fe-GCN, or Sn-GCN materials. Cationic dopants generally enhance the electrochemical properties and effectiveness of the resulting sensors, with Cr-GCN exhibiting the highest sensitivity of 4.87 μA/μM. In contrast, formic acid treatment of pristine and cation-doped GCN has a detrimental effect on the electrocatalytic properties of these materials. Overall, these electrochemical sensors, characterized by their excellent sensitivity, sub-micromolar (< 1 μM) formic acid detection capability, and cost-effectiveness, hold significant potential in facilitating point-of-care testing, disease monitoring, and predicting treatment outcomes related to Alzheimer's disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 112102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spherical mesoporous carbon as a dispersive solid phase extraction adsorbent for rapid detection of polychlorinated biphenyls in cigarette papers via GC–MS

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Diamond and Related Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112117

Tong Zheng , Minglu Jin , Fuli Yang , Xupeng Li , Wenyu Wang , Ji Man Kim , Yushan Jin , Xiangai Zhao , Mingshi Jin

In the present work, spherical mesoporous carbon (SMC) materials were synthesized through a one-pot synthesis strategy using sucrose and silica nanoparticles as the carbon framework source and mesopore-generating template. The SMC with a high surface area and uniform pore sizes was obtained by controlling the template size of silica nanoparticles. Subsequently, SMC as a solid-phase dispersion extraction adsorbent coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was utilized for the reliable and rapid determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in cigarette papers. The analytical results indicate that SMC effectively reduced the interference from complex matrices in detecting PCBs. The method demonstrated good trueness (recoveries

>

90 %), precision (RSD

\leq

10 %), with detection limits ranging from 0.62 to 2.97 ng/mL, and a suitable liner range from 10 to 500 ng/mL (R² > 0.995). This method successfully quantified seven target PCBs (PCB18, PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB138, PCB153, and PCB180) in the real cigarette paper samples. The developed method is simple, rapid, and effective, demonstrating great potential for determining PCBs in cigarette paper.

{"title":"Spherical mesoporous carbon as a dispersive solid phase extraction adsorbent for rapid detection of polychlorinated biphenyls in cigarette papers via GC–MS","authors":"Tong Zheng , Minglu Jin , Fuli Yang , Xupeng Li , Wenyu Wang , Ji Man Kim , Yushan Jin , Xiangai Zhao , Mingshi Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, spherical mesoporous carbon (SMC) materials were synthesized through a one-pot synthesis strategy using sucrose and silica nanoparticles as the carbon framework source and mesopore-generating template. The SMC with a high surface area and uniform pore sizes was obtained by controlling the template size of silica nanoparticles. Subsequently, SMC as a solid-phase dispersion extraction adsorbent coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was utilized for the reliable and rapid determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in cigarette papers. The analytical results indicate that SMC effectively reduced the interference from complex matrices in detecting PCBs. The method demonstrated good trueness (recoveries<span><math><mo>></mo></math></span>90 %), precision (RSD<span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span>10 %), with detection limits ranging from 0.62 to 2.97 ng/mL, and a suitable liner range from 10 to 500 ng/mL (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.995). This method successfully quantified seven target PCBs (PCB18, PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB138, PCB153, and PCB180) in the real cigarette paper samples. The developed method is simple, rapid, and effective, demonstrating great potential for determining PCBs in cigarette paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 112117"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of individual and multiple incorporation of Ag and TiO2 on the properties of DLC films

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Diamond and Related Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112119

Thalita Sani-Taiariol , Gislene Martins , Carolina Hurtado , Dayane Tada , Evaldo Corat , Vladimir Trava-Airoldi

DLC films have properties that make them known as solid lubricants and can be improved by incorporating nanoparticles. This work evaluated the influence of individual and multiple Ag and TiO₂ incorporation on DLC films, with the main objective of its application in high vacuum. Nanoparticle suspensions prepared from Ag and TiO₂ precursor powders in deionized water were incorporated into the DLC films using a pulsed valve coupled to a modified pulsed-DC PECVD system deposition. Raman analysis showed a low graphitic behavior for all samples deposited. The friction coefficient for high vacuum conditions showed that nanoparticles promoted the stabilization of this trybo-parameter compared to the coatings without modification and reduced the running-in period. The percentages reduction were 42.9 %, 64.3 %, 14.3 %, and 21.4 % for the samples with 30 % TiO₂, 70 % TiO₂, 100 % TiO₂, and 100 % Ag, respectively, considering pure DLC films. C_L1 increased 40 %, 220 % 240 %, and 160 % for 30 % TiO₂, 70 % TiO₂, 100 % TiO₂, and 100 % Ag, while C_L2 increased 30 %, 170.6 %, 100 %, and 152.9 % for 30 % TiO₂, 70 % TiO₂, 100 % TiO₂, and 100 % Ag, compared to pure DLC films. There was a slight reduction in the hardness values of the films containing NPs compared to pure DLC or with only water. All films were classified as HF1 or HF2, by the VDI 3198 standard.

{"title":"Effect of individual and multiple incorporation of Ag and TiO2 on the properties of DLC films","authors":"Thalita Sani-Taiariol , Gislene Martins , Carolina Hurtado , Dayane Tada , Evaldo Corat , Vladimir Trava-Airoldi","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DLC films have properties that make them known as solid lubricants and can be improved by incorporating nanoparticles. This work evaluated the influence of individual and multiple Ag and TiO<sub>2</sub> incorporation on DLC films, with the main objective of its application in high vacuum. Nanoparticle suspensions prepared from Ag and TiO<sub>2</sub> precursor powders in deionized water were incorporated into the DLC films using a pulsed valve coupled to a modified pulsed-DC PECVD system deposition. Raman analysis showed a low graphitic behavior for all samples deposited. The friction coefficient for high vacuum conditions showed that nanoparticles promoted the stabilization of this trybo-parameter compared to the coatings without modification and reduced the running-in period. The percentages reduction were 42.9 %, 64.3 %, 14.3 %, and 21.4 % for the samples with 30 % TiO<sub>2</sub>, 70 % TiO<sub>2</sub>, 100 % TiO<sub>2</sub>, and 100 % Ag, respectively, considering pure DLC films. C<sub>L1</sub> increased 40 %, 220 % 240 %, and 160 % for 30 % TiO<sub>2</sub>, 70 % TiO<sub>2</sub>, 100 % TiO<sub>2</sub>, and 100 % Ag, while C<sub>L2</sub> increased 30 %, 170.6 %, 100 %, and 152.9 % for 30 % TiO<sub>2</sub>, 70 % TiO<sub>2</sub>, 100 % TiO<sub>2</sub>, and 100 % Ag, compared to pure DLC films. There was a slight reduction in the hardness values of the films containing NPs compared to pure DLC or with only water. All films were classified as HF1 or HF2, by the VDI 3198 standard.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Green biosynthesized NiFe2O4 coated with rGO for efficient photocatalytic degradation of plastic additives: Synthesis, mechanism, and kinetics

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Diamond and Related Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112115

Bharti Agarwal , Manviri Rani , Uma Shanker

Plastic additives, Bisphenol A (BPA), and Allyl 2,4,6-tribormorphenyl ether (ATE) are causing potential risks due to their persistence and incomplete degradation in environmental matrices. Therefore, their extinction by superior materials from the environment is imperative. The nanocomposite rGO@NiFe₂O₄ was green-biosynthesized using A Indica leaves extract to complement green chemistry principles and ensure ecofriendly ness. The rGO@NiFe₂O₄ was utilized to degrade BPA and ATE from wastewater due to its superior photocatalytic activity, large surface area (98 m² g⁻¹), small band gap (2.45 eV), more considerable particle stability (−42.9 mV). This showed the lesser rate of recombination of charge carriers, strong cross-linking with pollutants, and catalytic free radical generation, driven by the synergistic effect of rGO's high conductivity and NiFe₂O₄'s magnetic properties and visible-light adsorption. Ideal removal conditions include a dose of 20 mg of nanocatalyst at 2 mg/L concentration at balanced pH. High degradation of BPA (92 %) and ATE (95 %) was accomplished by the rGO@NiFe₂O₄ in <120 min, followed by first-order kinetics. Its stability revealed by EIS Nyquist plots and high reusability up to 8 consecutive cycles advocated excellent catalytic performance. This study highlights the significance of integrating green synthesis methods with advanced photocatalytic materials for eradicating plastic additives and other pollutants and further research and development.

{"title":"Green biosynthesized NiFe2O4 coated with rGO for efficient photocatalytic degradation of plastic additives: Synthesis, mechanism, and kinetics","authors":"Bharti Agarwal , Manviri Rani , Uma Shanker","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic additives, Bisphenol A (BPA), and Allyl 2,4,6-tribormorphenyl ether (ATE) are causing potential risks due to their persistence and incomplete degradation in environmental matrices. Therefore, their extinction by superior materials from the environment is imperative. The nanocomposite rGO@NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was green-biosynthesized using <em>A Indica</em> leaves extract to complement green chemistry principles and ensure ecofriendly ness. The rGO@NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was utilized to degrade BPA and ATE from wastewater due to its superior photocatalytic activity, large surface area (98 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>), small band gap (2.45 eV), more considerable particle stability (−42.9 mV). This showed the lesser rate of recombination of charge carriers, strong cross-linking with pollutants, and catalytic free radical generation, driven by the synergistic effect of rGO's high conductivity and NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>'s magnetic properties and visible-light adsorption. Ideal removal conditions include a dose of 20 mg of nanocatalyst at 2 mg/L concentration at balanced pH. High degradation of BPA (92 %) and ATE (95 %) was accomplished by the rGO@NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> in <120 min, followed by first-order kinetics. Its stability revealed by EIS Nyquist plots and high reusability up to 8 consecutive cycles advocated excellent catalytic performance. This study highlights the significance of integrating green synthesis methods with advanced photocatalytic materials for eradicating plastic additives and other pollutants and further research and development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 112115"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A single-fed, left-handed circularly polarized array antenna with fractal graphene slots and SiO2 dielectric substrate for terahertz applications

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Diamond and Related Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112112

Abdelaaziz El ansari , Abdelhak Bendali , Fatima Younis , Najiba El Amrani El Idrissi

This article introduces a compact, single-fed, left-handed circularly polarized (LHCP) slotted array antenna designed for terahertz (THz) wireless communication applications. The antenna utilizes a graphene-based design with a silicon dioxide substrate, optimized for operation in the THz band. Initially The fundamental element exhibits linear polarization. To generate left-hand circular polarization (LHCP), two orthogonal resonant modes with uniform magnitude and a 90° phase difference are realized through an iterative seven-step optimization process involving truncated opposite diagonal corners, fractal slots, and a circular slot. These steps ensure optimal resonance at 2.45THz with improved reflection loss and axial ratio characteristics. To enhance gain while preserving LHCP performance, a T power divider is employed to feed two identical LHCP elements. The resulting antenna array, with overall dimensions of 54 × 104 × 1.57 μm³, demonstrates enhanced performance, including 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 206 GHz (2.343–2.54 THz), a 10 dB return loss bandwidth of 206 GHz (2.343–2.54 THz), a peak gain of 8.66 dB, and a peak radiation efficiency of 99 %. These results highlight the antenna's potential for high-performance wireless communication in the THz spectral band (2.325–2.53 THz).

{"title":"A single-fed, left-handed circularly polarized array antenna with fractal graphene slots and SiO2 dielectric substrate for terahertz applications","authors":"Abdelaaziz El ansari , Abdelhak Bendali , Fatima Younis , Najiba El Amrani El Idrissi","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article introduces a compact, single-fed, left-handed circularly polarized (LHCP) slotted array antenna designed for terahertz (THz) wireless communication applications. The antenna utilizes a graphene-based design with a silicon dioxide substrate, optimized for operation in the THz band. Initially The fundamental element exhibits linear polarization. To generate left-hand circular polarization (LHCP), two orthogonal resonant modes with uniform magnitude and a 90° phase difference are realized through an iterative seven-step optimization process involving truncated opposite diagonal corners, fractal slots, and a circular slot. These steps ensure optimal resonance at 2.45THz with improved reflection loss and axial ratio characteristics. To enhance gain while preserving LHCP performance, a T power divider is employed to feed two identical LHCP elements. The resulting antenna array, with overall dimensions of 54 × 104 × 1.57 μm<sup>3</sup>, demonstrates enhanced performance, including 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 206 GHz (2.343–2.54 THz), a 10 dB return loss bandwidth of 206 GHz (2.343–2.54 THz), a peak gain of 8.66 dB, and a peak radiation efficiency of 99 %. These results highlight the antenna's potential for high-performance wireless communication in the THz spectral band (2.325–2.53 THz).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 112112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural modification in bulk synthetic diamond by ultrashort mid-IR laser pulses

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Diamond and Related Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112114

Petr Pakholchuk , Nikita Smirnov , Nikolay Busleev , Alexey Gorevoy , Pavel Danilov , Victor Vins , Sergey Kudryashov

Red synthetic diamond synthesized at high pressure and high temperature (HPHT), e-beam exposed and post-annealed, was exposed in its bulk to 150-fs laser pulses at the 4673-nm wavelength, corresponding to the intrinsic two-phonon absorption of diamond, after their focusing by a reflective objective with a numerical aperture of 0.5. The obtained arrays of laser-irradiated micrometer-scale regions were characterized by optical transmission, FTIR and 3D-confocal photoluminescence (PL) microspectroscopies at room temperature, exhibiting minor local reduction of NV-centers and related H1a-centers, while the simultaneous minor increase of H3(H4)-center content.

引用次数: 0

Novel growth process in the synthesis of heavily phosphorus-doped nanocrystalline diamond layers

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Diamond and Related Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112118

Kil-dong Sung , Stefan Andrei Irimiciuc , Jaromír Kopeček , Ladislav Fekete , Zdeněk Weiss , Jan Pech , Vincent Mortet

Phosphorus-doped diamond (PDD) offers significant potential for innovative applications, yet traditional growth techniques face difficulties in achieving high levels of phosphorus incorporation. This study presents a novel growth process to enhance phosphorus incorporation into diamond layers through transient plasma conditions under CH₄ gas pulsing. Unlike conventional approaches, heavily PDD layers ([P] ∼3 × 10²⁰ atoms/cm³) are obtained at low phosphine concentrations by utilizing phosphorus contamination as the primary source of PH radicals. Time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy analysis reveals that, when the CH₄ gas flow is turned off, the distinct relaxation dynamics of CH and PH radicals promote a non-equilibrium plasma state in which sufficient quantities of both radicals coexist. Additionally, the enhanced hydrogen etching process leads to the formation of faceted crystalline grains with reduced nucleation density and fewer non-diamond compounds. In contrast to the fine grains typically observed in conventional heavily PDD nanocrystalline layers, the phosphorus concentration exhibits a proportional trend with grain size, suggesting that phosphorus is primarily incorporated within the diamond grains rather than at grain boundaries. These findings pave the way for achieving heavily PDD layers with precise microstructural control, supporting the development of advanced devices.

{"title":"Novel growth process in the synthesis of heavily phosphorus-doped nanocrystalline diamond layers","authors":"Kil-dong Sung , Stefan Andrei Irimiciuc , Jaromír Kopeček , Ladislav Fekete , Zdeněk Weiss , Jan Pech , Vincent Mortet","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorus-doped diamond (PDD) offers significant potential for innovative applications, yet traditional growth techniques face difficulties in achieving high levels of phosphorus incorporation. This study presents a novel growth process to enhance phosphorus incorporation into diamond layers through transient plasma conditions under CH<sub>4</sub> gas pulsing. Unlike conventional approaches, heavily PDD layers ([P] ∼3 × 10<sup>20</sup> atoms/cm<sup>3</sup>) are obtained at low phosphine concentrations by utilizing phosphorus contamination as the primary source of PH radicals. Time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy analysis reveals that, when the CH<sub>4</sub> gas flow is turned off, the distinct relaxation dynamics of CH and PH radicals promote a non-equilibrium plasma state in which sufficient quantities of both radicals coexist. Additionally, the enhanced hydrogen etching process leads to the formation of faceted crystalline grains with reduced nucleation density and fewer non-diamond compounds. In contrast to the fine grains typically observed in conventional heavily PDD nanocrystalline layers, the phosphorus concentration exhibits a proportional trend with grain size, suggesting that phosphorus is primarily incorporated within the diamond grains rather than at grain boundaries. These findings pave the way for achieving heavily PDD layers with precise microstructural control, supporting the development of advanced devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deep-eutectic solvent-assisted synthesis of bismuth tungstate microsphere impregnated with rGO for the maximization of 4-nitrophenol and acid orange 10 degradation through photocatalysis

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Diamond and Related Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112111

A. Satish , Rama Krishna Chava , T. Pusphagiri , E. Ranjith Kumar , Mano Ganapathy , S. Mani Naidu , M. Saravanakumar , A.F. Abd El-Rehim , Misook Kang

The work aimed to develop and investigate an effective photocatalyst of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-modified bismuth tungstate (Bi₂WO₆, BW) using a deep eutectic solvent. Many methods including powder XRD, FT-IR, SEM, HRTEM, EDXS, HR-XPS, PL, EIS, and UV–visible DRS, are employed to investigate structural, morphological, chemical, and optical properties. The rGO-modified Bi₂WO₆ catalyst had the maximum photocatalytic efficiency on 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and acid orange 10 (AO 10) degradation, with 93.54 % and 96.88 %, respectively. Scavenging studies found that holes (h⁺) are the dominant active species for the removal of AO 10, indicating that they are effectively implicated in photogenerated pollutant fragmentation. The heterostructure exhibited a lower charge recombination rate, which was owing to the fast transport of photoexcited electrons (eˉ) from the conduction band (CB) of the Bi₂WO₆ and contact between Bi₂WO₆ and rGO facilitated synergistic charge transfer. The photocatalyst demonstrated outstanding stability, retaining 89.43 and 90.62 % after 5 cycles of 4-NP and AO 10 degradation, respectively. The outcomes of the present research emphasized the practical employment of the rGO-modified Bi₂WO₆-DES heterostructure towards environmental remediation.

{"title":"Deep-eutectic solvent-assisted synthesis of bismuth tungstate microsphere impregnated with rGO for the maximization of 4-nitrophenol and acid orange 10 degradation through photocatalysis","authors":"A. Satish , Rama Krishna Chava , T. Pusphagiri , E. Ranjith Kumar , Mano Ganapathy , S. Mani Naidu , M. Saravanakumar , A.F. Abd El-Rehim , Misook Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The work aimed to develop and investigate an effective photocatalyst of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-modified bismuth tungstate (Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub>, BW) using a deep eutectic solvent. Many methods including powder XRD, FT-IR, SEM, HRTEM, EDXS, HR-XPS, PL, EIS, and UV–visible DRS, are employed to investigate structural, morphological, chemical, and optical properties. The rGO-modified Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> catalyst had the maximum photocatalytic efficiency on 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and acid orange 10 (AO 10) degradation, with 93.54 % and 96.88 %, respectively. Scavenging studies found that holes (h<sup>+</sup>) are the dominant active species for the removal of AO 10, indicating that they are effectively implicated in photogenerated pollutant fragmentation. The heterostructure exhibited a lower charge recombination rate, which was owing to the fast transport of photoexcited electrons (eˉ) from the conduction band (CB) of the Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> and contact between Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> and rGO facilitated synergistic charge transfer. The photocatalyst demonstrated outstanding stability, retaining 89.43 and 90.62 % after 5 cycles of 4-NP and AO 10 degradation, respectively. The outcomes of the present research emphasized the practical employment of the rGO-modified Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub>-DES heterostructure towards environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 112111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye under visible LED light using composites of g- C3N4 and activated biochar derived from coconut shells.

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Diamond and Related Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112109

D. Divya , K. Binitta , Shijo Thomas

Graphitic Carbon Nitride(g-C₃N₄) and its composites with carbon materials are promising alternatives in photocatalysis due to their metal-free characteristics, cost-effectiveness, and desirable photoelectric properties. Compositing g-C₃N₄ with Activated Biochar (AB) derived from coconut shell, an agricultural waste product, is an environmentally responsible method of reusing carbon-rich biomass. This study successfully synthesised a novel composite of g-C₃N₄ and AB through a simple thermal calcination process. Material characterisation revealed that AB was effectively incorporated into the g-C₃N₄ framework. Among the various synthesised composites, AB-g-C₃N₄ in the ratio 1:10 exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency of 98.7 % in 120 min by degrading Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under visible LED light irradiation. The addition of AB enhanced the photocatalyst's surface area, broadened the light absorption in the visible range, and served as an electron acceptor for transferring the photogenerated electrons, thus reducing the electron-hole recombination. Additionally, the composite exhibited excellent stability, maintaining over 84 % of its efficiency even after five consecutive cycles. The analytical results were used to propose a possible mechanism of photocatalytic degradation. This study presents a novel approach by integrating AB with g-C₃N₄ to create a well-defined heterojunction, improving charge separation and electron mobility. This work introduces a straightforward and pragmatic method to maximise the overall performance of g-C₃N₄-based photocatalysts.

氮化石墨碳（g-C3N4）及其与碳材料的复合材料因其不含金属的特性、成本效益和理想的光电特性而成为光催化领域前景广阔的替代品。将 g-C3N4 与从椰子壳（一种农业废料）中提取的活性生物炭 (AB) 复合是一种对环境负责的富碳生物质再利用方法。本研究通过简单的热煅烧工艺成功合成了 g-C3N4 和 AB 的新型复合材料。材料特性分析表明，AB 有效地融入了 g-C3N4 框架。在合成的各种复合材料中，AB-g-C3N4 的比例为 1:10，在可见 LED 光照射下，120 分钟内降解罗丹明 B（RhB）染料的光催化效率最高，达到 98.7%。AB 的添加增强了光催化剂的表面积，拓宽了其在可见光范围内的光吸收，并可作为电子受体转移光生电子，从而减少电子-空穴重组。此外，这种复合材料还表现出卓越的稳定性，即使在连续使用五个周期后，其效率仍能保持在 84% 以上。分析结果用于提出光催化降解的可能机制。这项研究提出了一种新方法，即通过将 AB 与 g-C₃N₄ 集成来创建一个定义明确的异质结，从而改善电荷分离和电子迁移率。这项工作介绍了一种简单实用的方法，可最大限度地提高基于 g-C3N4 的光催化剂的整体性能。

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引用次数: 0

Development of oxidation-resistant carbon fibers and evaluation of their performance in a carbon matrix composite

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Diamond and Related Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112105

Bhavika Chouhan , Nikhil Vekariya , Bikash Raut , Ashish Jaswal , Jignesh Valand , Swati Sharma

Here we report on a novel approach to achieve an inherent oxidation protection up to 620 °C in electrospun carbon fiber (CF) mats by incorporating a SiO₂ precursor into a CF precursor polymer. A carbon/carbon (C/C) composite is prepared using these CF mats in a pitch-derived carbon matrix and its performance is evaluated. Oxidation resistance in CFs is achieved by a controlled addition of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) directly into the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) prior to electrospinning. The concentration of PDMS is optimized such that the mechanical properties of the fibers remain within the usable range. C/C composite prepared using these fibers is characterized for its thermal and mechanical properties through flame treatment and compression tests, respectively. The composite, having <0.5 wt% CFs in a carbon matrix, shows a good thermal stability and retains ~60 % weight at 800 °C in zero air atmosphere. Addition of electrospun CFs has improved its mechanical properties, which are evaluated against those of the matrix material. The prepared composite exhibits a compressive strength of ~68 MPa and Rockwell hardness of ~72 HRB. Flame treatment tests indicate a lower surface erosion and weight loss in the composite caused by a thermal shock when compared to the matrix. The fabrication method is simple, low-cost, and suitable for research applications such as device fabrication.

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