Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111688
Yi Teng , Lihui Xu , Hong Pan , Meng Wang , Meiran Dou , Yingxiu Zhang , Xueqiang Fu , Zhangyong Liu , Xinzhe Huang , Hong Zhao
Developing advanced electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials tend to focus on the characteristics of low cost, renewability, environmental friendliness, strong absorption, wide bandwidth, and lightweight. This paper described the preparation of porous carbon electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials with strong absorption, broad bandwidth and thin thickness by one-step charring of corncob, an agricultural waste. The corncob porous carbon (CPC) materials were prepared when the charring temperature was 600 °C, the charring time was 3 h and the activator ratio was 0.25:1. The obtained CPC exhibited porous microstructure with average pore size of approximately 1 μm. Its specific surface area was 713.971 m2·g−1, with pore volume of 0.289 mL·g−1 and high degree graphitization. CPC showed excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance with minimum reflection loss (RL min) of −38.21 dB and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.6 GHz at a relatively thin thickness of 2.0 mm. CPC was capable of absorbing 99.9 % of electromagnetic wave (EMW).
{"title":"Preparation of broad-bandwidth porous carbon electromagnetic wave absorption materials from agricultural waste corncob","authors":"Yi Teng , Lihui Xu , Hong Pan , Meng Wang , Meiran Dou , Yingxiu Zhang , Xueqiang Fu , Zhangyong Liu , Xinzhe Huang , Hong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing advanced electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials tend to focus on the characteristics of low cost, renewability, environmental friendliness, strong absorption, wide bandwidth, and lightweight. This paper described the preparation of porous carbon electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials with strong absorption, broad bandwidth and thin thickness by one-step charring of corncob, an agricultural waste. The corncob porous carbon (CPC) materials were prepared when the charring temperature was 600 °C, the charring time was 3 h and the activator ratio was 0.25:1. The obtained CPC exhibited porous microstructure with average pore size of approximately 1 μm. Its specific surface area was 713.971 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>−1</sup>, with pore volume of 0.289 mL·g<sup>−1</sup> and high degree graphitization. CPC showed excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance with minimum reflection loss (RL <sub>min</sub>) of −38.21 dB and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.6 GHz at a relatively thin thickness of 2.0 mm. CPC was capable of absorbing 99.9 % of electromagnetic wave (EMW).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111688"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111668
M.A. Ali , S. Nath , S. Mahmud , N. Jahan , M.M. Uddin
This study predicted four new MAX phase borides via the DFT method, with a comprehensive and thorough approach. The stability of the predicted phases has been thoroughly studied using formation energy, phonon dispersion curve (PDC), and elastic constants (Cij). The metallic nature of the studied phases is confirmed through the computation of the electronic band structure and density of states (DOS). Their bonding nature is disclosed using the partial density of states, Mulliken population analysis, and charge density mapping. The mechanical behavior is investigated in depth by calculating elastic constants, elastic moduli, Poisson's & Pugh ratio, machinability index, and Vickers hardness. Different anisotropic indices are also computed to demonstrate the elastic anisotropy. The Debye temperature (ΘD), Grüneisen parameter (γ), phonon thermal conductivity (kph), minimum thermal conductivity (kmin), thermal expansion coefficient (TEC), and melting temperature (Tm) are all calculated, and the suitability of the studied phases as thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials has been discussed. Finally, the optical constants are calculated and analyzed, further certifying the metallic nature of the herein-studied phases. The reflectivity spectra of all the herein selected compounds reveal their potential as coating materials to lessen solar heating. Among the studied phases, V2PB exhibits the best thermo-mechanical properties for potential applications in diverse fields, such as structural components and TBC materials. The potential applications of our findings are vast, and the obtained results reveal that the predicted phases are indeed potential alternatives to their counterpart carbides.
{"title":"MAX phase borides, the potential alternative of well-known MAX phase carbides: A case study of V2AB [A = Ge, P, Tl, Zn] via DFT method","authors":"M.A. Ali , S. Nath , S. Mahmud , N. Jahan , M.M. Uddin","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study predicted four new MAX phase borides via the DFT method, with a comprehensive and thorough approach. The stability of the predicted phases has been thoroughly studied using formation energy, phonon dispersion curve (PDC), and elastic constants (<em>C</em><sub>ij</sub>). The metallic nature of the studied phases is confirmed through the computation of the electronic band structure and density of states (DOS). Their bonding nature is disclosed using the partial density of states, Mulliken population analysis, and charge density mapping. The mechanical behavior is investigated in depth by calculating elastic constants, elastic moduli, Poisson's & Pugh ratio, machinability index, and Vickers hardness. Different anisotropic indices are also computed to demonstrate the elastic anisotropy. The Debye temperature (<em>Θ</em><sub>D</sub>), Grüneisen parameter (<em>γ</em>), phonon thermal conductivity (<em>k</em><sub>ph</sub>), minimum thermal conductivity (<em>k</em><sub>min</sub>), thermal expansion coefficient (<em>TEC</em>), and melting temperature (<em>T</em><sub>m</sub>) are all calculated, and the suitability of the studied phases as thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials has been discussed. Finally, the optical constants are calculated and analyzed, further certifying the metallic nature of the herein-studied phases. The reflectivity spectra of all the herein selected compounds reveal their potential as coating materials to lessen solar heating. Among the studied phases, V<sub>2</sub>PB exhibits the best thermo-mechanical properties for potential applications in diverse fields, such as structural components and TBC materials. The potential applications of our findings are vast, and the obtained results reveal that the predicted phases are indeed potential alternatives to their counterpart carbides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111668"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111667
Haozhen Huang , Can Huang , Lang Deng , Dmytro Turkevych , Hao Liu , Cheng Xie , Zhigang Shui , Xin Ming , Jian Tu , Donghua Yang , Xia Chang , Zhiming Zhou
Copper and its alloys are well-known for their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity but are limited by poor mechanical strength and wear resistance. In this study, CuSn19Ti10/diamond composite coatings with strong metallurgical bonding and free from defects such as cracks and porosity were successfully fabricated on pure copper substrates using laser cladding. The process parameters included a laser power of 3000 W, a scanning rate of 15 mm/s, a spot diameter of 2.5 mm, and a lapping rate of 30 %. A comprehensive analysis of the microstructure and wear resistance was performed on coatings with 0, 2.5 %, 5 %, and 10 % (wt%) diamond content using SEM, EDS, XRD, and white light interferometry. The results indicate that the coatings consist of α-(Cu), Cu2SnTi, (Cu, Sn)Ti2, TiC, and diamond phases. The addition of diamond significantly improved both the hardness and wear resistance, with the 5 wt% diamond composite demonstrating the most notable wear resistance. This optimal composition balances diamond content, ensuring effective retention within the CuSn19Ti10 matrix, thereby reducing plastic deformation and minimizing diamond pull-out during wear.
{"title":"Microstructure and wear resistance of the CuSn19Ti10/diamond composite coatings on copper substrate by laser cladding","authors":"Haozhen Huang , Can Huang , Lang Deng , Dmytro Turkevych , Hao Liu , Cheng Xie , Zhigang Shui , Xin Ming , Jian Tu , Donghua Yang , Xia Chang , Zhiming Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper and its alloys are well-known for their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity but are limited by poor mechanical strength and wear resistance. In this study, CuSn19Ti10/diamond composite coatings with strong metallurgical bonding and free from defects such as cracks and porosity were successfully fabricated on pure copper substrates using laser cladding. The process parameters included a laser power of 3000 W, a scanning rate of 15 mm/s, a spot diameter of 2.5 mm, and a lapping rate of 30 %. A comprehensive analysis of the microstructure and wear resistance was performed on coatings with 0, 2.5 %, 5 %, and 10 % (wt%) diamond content using SEM, EDS, XRD, and white light interferometry. The results indicate that the coatings consist of α-(Cu), Cu<sub>2</sub>SnTi, (Cu, Sn)Ti<sub>2</sub>, TiC, and diamond phases. The addition of diamond significantly improved both the hardness and wear resistance, with the 5 wt% diamond composite demonstrating the most notable wear resistance. This optimal composition balances diamond content, ensuring effective retention within the CuSn19Ti10 matrix, thereby reducing plastic deformation and minimizing diamond pull-out during wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111667"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111682
Yixin Yuan, Fuhua Chang, Kejun Bi
Rapid recombination of photoinduced charge carriers and poor photocatalytic degradation performance greatly hinder the large-scale application of g-C3N4 photocatalysis. Therefore, the g-C3N4 is modified by BiPO4 to overcome its poor photocatalytic performance, which is investigated by methylene blue (MB) removal. The S scheme heterojunction is constructed by modifying g-C3N4 with BiPO4, which can effectively preserve the redox activities of holes and electrons on VB and CB, exhibiting good photocatalytic activity. Therefore, the modified g-C3N4 exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity with efficient separation of the photoelectron-hole, compared to pure g-C3N4 and BiPO4. The modified g-C3N4 exhibits large MB degradation removal of 96.7 %, which is significantly larger than the pure g-C3N4 (46.3 %) and BiPO4 (3.3 %) owe to synergy, respectively. The photodegradation rate constant of the modified g-C3N4 is 4.8 and 43 times larger than that of the pure g-C3N4 and BiPO4, respectively. The modified g-C3N4 still has large MB removal of 92.9 % after 5 cycles, indicating excellent stability and recyclability. The fractal density calculation of the modified g-C3N4 is investigated combined with LUMO and HOMO analysis. The MB photocatalytic degradation process follows the S scheme charge transfer mechanism, based on degradation mechanism analysis combined with semiconductor energy band and density functional theory calculation analysis. The MB photocatalytic degradation path is systemically analyzed based on MS-UPLC result analysis, which indicates that MB is finally decomposed into CO2 and H2O, achieving the degradation of MB.
{"title":"Enhanced catalytic activity of modified g-C3N4 heterojunction for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue from wastewater","authors":"Yixin Yuan, Fuhua Chang, Kejun Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid recombination of photoinduced charge carriers and poor photocatalytic degradation performance greatly hinder the large-scale application of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> photocatalysis. Therefore, the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> is modified by BiPO<sub>4</sub> to overcome its poor photocatalytic performance, which is investigated by methylene blue (MB) removal. The S scheme heterojunction is constructed by modifying g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> with BiPO<sub>4</sub>, which can effectively preserve the redox activities of holes and electrons on VB and CB, exhibiting good photocatalytic activity. Therefore, the modified g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity with efficient separation of the photoelectron-hole, compared to pure g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and BiPO<sub>4</sub>. The modified g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> exhibits large MB degradation removal of 96.7 %, which is significantly larger than the pure g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (46.3 %) and BiPO<sub>4</sub> (3.3 %) owe to synergy, respectively. The photodegradation rate constant of the modified g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> is 4.8 and 43 times larger than that of the pure g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and BiPO<sub>4</sub>, respectively. The modified g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> still has large MB removal of 92.9 % after 5 cycles, indicating excellent stability and recyclability. The fractal density calculation of the modified g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> is investigated combined with LUMO and HOMO analysis. The MB photocatalytic degradation process follows the S scheme charge transfer mechanism, based on degradation mechanism analysis combined with semiconductor energy band and density functional theory calculation analysis. The MB photocatalytic degradation path is systemically analyzed based on MS-UPLC result analysis, which indicates that MB is finally decomposed into CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O, achieving the degradation of MB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111682"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Here, we introduce a novel technique that utilizes repeated exposure to low-pressure (2.0 MPa) millisecond acoustic shock waves on a graphite sample to facilitate the successful transformation of graphite into diamond. This transformation is based on a martensitic nucleation mechanism verified through valance-band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic and electron diffraction observations. Typically, diamond formation occurs only under pressures of 50–60 GPa or more in nanosecond dynamic compression experiments. The present work offers a new platform to make synthetic diamonds and a new scientific path for diamond formation.
在这里，我们介绍了一种新技术，它利用在石墨样品上反复暴露于低压（2.0 兆帕）毫秒级声波冲击波来促进石墨向金刚石的成功转化。这种转变是基于马氏体成核机制，通过价带 X 射线光电子能谱和电子衍射观察得到验证。通常情况下，只有在纳秒级动态压缩实验中，压力达到 50-60 GPa 或更高时才会形成金刚石。本研究为制造合成金刚石提供了一个新的平台，也为金刚石的形成提供了一条新的科学途径。
{"title":"Acoustic shock wave-induced sp2-to-sp3-type phase transition-part II: Evidence of the presence of diamond from valance band spectra and electronic diffraction pattern","authors":"Sivakumar Aswathappa , S. Sahaya Jude Dhas , Raju Suresh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here, we introduce a novel technique that utilizes repeated exposure to low-pressure (2.0 MPa) millisecond acoustic shock waves on a graphite sample to facilitate the successful transformation of graphite into diamond. This transformation is based on a martensitic nucleation mechanism verified through valance-band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic and electron diffraction observations. Typically, diamond formation occurs only under pressures of 50–60 GPa or more in nanosecond dynamic compression experiments. The present work offers a new platform to make synthetic diamonds and a new scientific path for diamond formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111680"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111681
Lei Guo , Jintao Song , Chen Xu , Chuqing Cao , Xiaohui Liu , Chenxiao Li , Bei Wang , Jizhuang Hui
Abrasive grains and the associated bonding agent are the two significant components in the manufacturing of fixed abrasive machining tools. The material properties and interfacial bonding behavior between the grains and the bonding matrix determine machining performance. In precision machining processes with diamond abrasives, the primary failure modes of fixed abrasive tools are grain dislodgement and premature loss, leading to abrupt change in machining load and ultimately causing inaccurate and inefficient machining performance. This study develops a comprehensive model for understanding abrasive grain retention and interfacial failure mechanisms in resin-bonded diamond tools. Finite element analysis of a single diamond grain embedded in a resin matrix was conducted to examine the influence of the grain shape, protruding height, and orientation angle on critical interfacial failure force. A series of single diamond scratching experiments validated the model, revealing that the maximum retention force reached 43.56 N for grains with a 0.9 mm protruding height and a 60° orientation angle. The results also show that, within a specific grain size range, grain shape—quantified by the sphere deviation coefficient proposed in this paper, has the greatest impact on retention and failure behavior. Protruding height plays a secondary role, while the contribution of orientation angle is minimal. These findings provide valuable insights for the design, manufacture, and optimization of precision abrasive machining tools, particularly for applications requiring high precision and reliability.
{"title":"Retention and interfacial failure mechanism of single diamond grains in resin-bonded grinding tools","authors":"Lei Guo , Jintao Song , Chen Xu , Chuqing Cao , Xiaohui Liu , Chenxiao Li , Bei Wang , Jizhuang Hui","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abrasive grains and the associated bonding agent are the two significant components in the manufacturing of fixed abrasive machining tools. The material properties and interfacial bonding behavior between the grains and the bonding matrix determine machining performance. In precision machining processes with diamond abrasives, the primary failure modes of fixed abrasive tools are grain dislodgement and premature loss, leading to abrupt change in machining load and ultimately causing inaccurate and inefficient machining performance. This study develops a comprehensive model for understanding abrasive grain retention and interfacial failure mechanisms in resin-bonded diamond tools. Finite element analysis of a single diamond grain embedded in a resin matrix was conducted to examine the influence of the grain shape, protruding height, and orientation angle on critical interfacial failure force. A series of single diamond scratching experiments validated the model, revealing that the maximum retention force reached 43.56 N for grains with a 0.9 mm protruding height and a 60° orientation angle. The results also show that, within a specific grain size range, grain shape—quantified by the sphere deviation coefficient proposed in this paper, has the greatest impact on retention and failure behavior. Protruding height plays a secondary role, while the contribution of orientation angle is minimal. These findings provide valuable insights for the design, manufacture, and optimization of precision abrasive machining tools, particularly for applications requiring high precision and reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111681"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111683
Jinyi Chen , Hanieh Akbari , Hong Zhang , Dan J.L. Brett , Jian Guo , Srinivas Gadipelli
Zinc-air batteries with high theoretical energy density, earth-abundant raw materials, eco-friendliness and safety are considered as promising next generation energy devices. Their commercial advancement can be boosted with the development of inexpensive and high-performing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. The precious platinum-group metal-based nanoparticles dispersed in conducting carbon black (e.g., Pt/C) are the typical ORR catalysts. The iron‑nitrogen‑carbon-based materials, specifically comprising atomic-level iron‑nitrogen coordination in hierarchical porous carbon support (usually denoted as Fe1-Nx-C), have shown promising electrocatalytic activities by delivering important half-wave and on-set potentials and reduction current densities along with high durability. This has been attributed to the favorable adsorptive and reduction ability of Fe1-Nx centers for molecular oxygen in alkaline electrolyte. Numerous studies have been focused on rational design of the hierarchically porous structures to enhance the accessibility of active Fe1-Nx sites and mass-transfer characteristics for efficient oxygen reduction and intermediate species. Therefore, in this review, several design strategies relevant to the template and self-template synthesis routes for hierarchically porous Fe1-Nx-C catalysts are insightfully presented. A detailed discussion is offered on the ORR activity and performance of Fe1-Nx-C catalysts in zinc-air batteries. Further opportunities and challenges for the rational design and application of Fe1-Nx-C catalysts are also discussed.
{"title":"Recent advances in design of hierarchically porous Fe1-Nx-C based electrocatalysts for zinc-air batteries","authors":"Jinyi Chen , Hanieh Akbari , Hong Zhang , Dan J.L. Brett , Jian Guo , Srinivas Gadipelli","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc-air batteries with high theoretical energy density, earth-abundant raw materials, eco-friendliness and safety are considered as promising next generation energy devices. Their commercial advancement can be boosted with the development of inexpensive and high-performing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. The precious platinum-group metal-based nanoparticles dispersed in conducting carbon black (e.g., Pt/C) are the typical ORR catalysts. The iron‑nitrogen‑carbon-based materials, specifically comprising atomic-level iron‑nitrogen coordination in hierarchical porous carbon support (usually denoted as Fe<sub>1</sub>-N<sub>x</sub>-C), have shown promising electrocatalytic activities by delivering important half-wave and on-set potentials and reduction current densities along with high durability. This has been attributed to the favorable adsorptive and reduction ability of Fe<sub>1</sub>-N<sub>x</sub> centers for molecular oxygen in alkaline electrolyte. Numerous studies have been focused on rational design of the hierarchically porous structures to enhance the accessibility of active Fe<sub>1</sub>-N<sub>x</sub> sites and mass-transfer characteristics for efficient oxygen reduction and intermediate species. Therefore, in this review, several design strategies relevant to the template and self-template synthesis routes for hierarchically porous Fe<sub>1</sub>-N<sub>x</sub>-C catalysts are insightfully presented. A detailed discussion is offered on the ORR activity and performance of Fe<sub>1</sub>-N<sub>x</sub>-C catalysts in zinc-air batteries. Further opportunities and challenges for the rational design and application of Fe<sub>1</sub>-N<sub>x</sub>-C catalysts are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111683"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111684
Cheng Chen , Boyuan Gao , Jiaxuan Xue , Zhihao Li , Jixin Wang , Yang Dai , Zhiyong Zhang , Wu Zhao , Johan Stiens
Graphene has great application potential in the field of electromagnetic modulation field because of its excellent physical and electronic properties. Studies have demonstrated that the properties of graphene films with different layers are also different due to the difference in energy band structure. Nowadays, the modulation mechanism of monolayer graphene (MLG) and bilayer graphene (BLG) has been gradually discovered, but for graphene with more than three layers, the mechanism of whether it is tunable remains to be explored, especially on the proving from an experimental perspective. In this study, the CVD-prepared highly homogeneous few-layer graphene (FLG) film was combined with SiO2 nanolayers and P-doped Si substrate to form an MIS-like capacitor structure, a unique electromagnetic behavior of mutant amplitude modulation exhibited by FLG film was found, which was different from that of mono- and bi-layers of graphene. The results show that the structure exhibits obvious modulation behavior in the ultra-wideband frequency of 500–750 GHz and the bias of 0.9 V, up to 3.1 dB. This study makes a new supplement to a gap in the EM modulation system of graphene series material.
石墨烯因其优异的物理和电子特性，在电磁调制领域具有巨大的应用潜力。研究表明，由于能带结构的不同，不同层的石墨烯薄膜也具有不同的特性。目前，单层石墨烯（MLG）和双层石墨烯（BLG）的调制机理已逐渐被发现，但对于三层以上的石墨烯，其机理是否可调还有待探索，尤其是从实验角度证明。本研究将 CVD 制备的高度均匀的少层石墨烯（FLG）薄膜与 SiO2 纳米层和掺杂 P 的硅衬底相结合，形成了一种类似 MIS 的电容器结构，发现了 FLG 薄膜所表现出的不同于单层和双层石墨烯的突变调幅的独特电磁行为。结果表明，该结构在 500-750 GHz 的超宽带频率和 0.9 V 的偏压下表现出明显的调制行为，最高可达 3.1 dB。这项研究为石墨烯系列材料电磁调制系统的空白做了新的补充。
{"title":"Mutant amplitude modulation behavior of MIS-like structure of few-layer graphene/SiO2/p-Si in 500–750 GHz band","authors":"Cheng Chen , Boyuan Gao , Jiaxuan Xue , Zhihao Li , Jixin Wang , Yang Dai , Zhiyong Zhang , Wu Zhao , Johan Stiens","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene has great application potential in the field of electromagnetic modulation field because of its excellent physical and electronic properties. Studies have demonstrated that the properties of graphene films with different layers are also different due to the difference in energy band structure. Nowadays, the modulation mechanism of monolayer graphene (MLG) and bilayer graphene (BLG) has been gradually discovered, but for graphene with more than three layers, the mechanism of whether it is tunable remains to be explored, especially on the proving from an experimental perspective. In this study, the CVD-prepared highly homogeneous few-layer graphene (FLG) film was combined with SiO<sub>2</sub> nanolayers and P-doped Si substrate to form an MIS-like capacitor structure, a unique electromagnetic behavior of mutant amplitude modulation exhibited by FLG film was found, which was different from that of mono- and bi-layers of graphene. The results show that the structure exhibits obvious modulation behavior in the ultra-wideband frequency of 500–750 GHz and the bias of 0.9 V, up to 3.1 dB. This study makes a new supplement to a gap in the EM modulation system of graphene series material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111684"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111679
Hamza Daoudi , Zineb Kassab , Abdelwahed Chari , Jones Alami , Mouad Dahbi , Mounir El Achaby
Hard Carbon (HC) has emerged as a viable candidate for the negative electrode material in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). This study focuses on the development of a novel HC-negative electrode derived from the pyrolysis of Stipa tenacissima fibers (STF). Prior to pyrolysis, STF underwent a hot water wash pre-treatment, and various pyrolysis temperatures (800 °C, 1000 °C, and 1300 °C) were investigated to elucidate their influence on HC properties and performance. Structural analysis revealed significant differences in the HC structure, highlighting a direct correlation between capacity improvement and the size of accessible micropores for sodium insertion. Composite electrodes were assembled and evaluated in non-aqueous sodium half-cells to assess HC's performance. Notably, increasing the pyrolysis temperature resulted in higher reversible capacity (RC). Specifically, HC prepared at 1300 °C exhibited an RC of 270 mAh g−1, initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of approximately 60 %, and exceptional reversibility with 99 % capacity retention after 90 cycles at a 25 mA g−1 of current density (CD). These results surpassed those obtained with HC prepared at 800 °C and 1000 °C. Moreover, this study explores the biological, biochemical, biophysical, and structural advantages conferred by STF, making it a promising component in SIBs, with the ultimate goal of establishing long-lasting, high-performance battery systems.
硬碳（HC）已成为钠离子电池（SIB）负极材料的可行候选材料。本研究的重点是开发一种新型碳氢化合物负极材料，这种材料来源于热解 Stipa tenacissima 纤维（STF）。在热解之前，STF 经过热水洗涤预处理，并研究了不同的热解温度（800 ℃、1000 ℃ 和 1300 ℃），以阐明它们对碳氢化合物特性和性能的影响。结构分析揭示了碳氢化合物结构的显著差异，突出了容量提高与钠插入的可进入微孔大小之间的直接关系。在非水钠半电池中组装和评估了复合电极，以评估碳氢化合物的性能。值得注意的是，提高热解温度可获得更高的可逆容量（RC）。具体来说，在 1300 °C 下制备的 HC 的可逆容量为 270 mAh g-1，初始库仑效率（ICE）约为 60%，并且具有优异的可逆性，在 25 mA g-1 的电流密度（CD）下循环 90 次后，容量保持率为 99%。这些结果超过了在 800 °C 和 1000 °C 下制备的碳氢化合物。此外，本研究还探讨了 STF 在生物、生物化学、生物物理和结构方面的优势，使其成为 SIB 中一种前景广阔的成分，最终目标是建立长效、高性能的电池系统。
{"title":"Single-step pyrolysis of Stipa Tenacissima fibers to hard carbon: A potential route for sodium-ion battery anodes","authors":"Hamza Daoudi , Zineb Kassab , Abdelwahed Chari , Jones Alami , Mouad Dahbi , Mounir El Achaby","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hard Carbon (HC) has emerged as a viable candidate for the negative electrode material in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). This study focuses on the development of a novel HC-negative electrode derived from the pyrolysis of <em>Stipa tenacissima</em> fibers (STF). Prior to pyrolysis, STF underwent a hot water wash pre-treatment, and various pyrolysis temperatures (800 °C, 1000 °C, and 1300 °C) were investigated to elucidate their influence on HC properties and performance. Structural analysis revealed significant differences in the HC structure, highlighting a direct correlation between capacity improvement and the size of accessible micropores for sodium insertion. Composite electrodes were assembled and evaluated in non-aqueous sodium half-cells to assess HC's performance. Notably, increasing the pyrolysis temperature resulted in higher reversible capacity (RC). Specifically, HC prepared at 1300 °C exhibited an RC of 270 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>, initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of approximately 60 %, and exceptional reversibility with 99 % capacity retention after 90 cycles at a 25 mA g<sup>−1</sup> of current density (CD). These results surpassed those obtained with HC prepared at 800 °C and 1000 °C. Moreover, this study explores the biological, biochemical, biophysical, and structural advantages conferred by STF, making it a promising component in SIBs, with the ultimate goal of establishing long-lasting, high-performance battery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111679"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111678
Alireza Aldaghi , Najmeh Rezazadeh , Mohammad Gheibi , Hassan Monhemi , Mohammad Eftekhari
Mercury ion (Hg2+) finds a broad industrial application and due to its significant toxicity to both humans and aquatic life, development of highly effective adsorbents for its removal holds considerable importance. This study introduces a green adsorbent consisting of tin sulfide (SnS)‑carbon microplates synthesized through a straightforward one-step hydrothermal process followed by its application for the removal of Hg2+ from water samples. The synthesized adsorbent is characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Through the optimization of crucial parameters and with thanks to the effective interaction between S atoms (soft base) of SnS-C adsorbent and Hg2+ (soft acid), an impressive Hg2+ removal percentage of approximately 99.0 % is achieved for 100 mg L−1 Hg2+. Interpreting of isotherm models indicate that Hg2+ adsorption conforms to the Langmuir isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 238.1 mg/g. Finally, the SnS-Carbon microplate adsorbent exhibits notable advantages, including a green and convenient synthesis route (achieved through a one-step hydrothermal method) and high efficiency, making it a potent adsorbent for the decontamination of Hg2+ from water samples.
{"title":"Hydrothermally synthesis of a green SnS-Carbon microplate adsorbent for the removal of mercury ion from water samples","authors":"Alireza Aldaghi , Najmeh Rezazadeh , Mohammad Gheibi , Hassan Monhemi , Mohammad Eftekhari","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mercury ion (Hg<sup>2+</sup>) finds a broad industrial application and due to its significant toxicity to both humans and aquatic life, development of highly effective adsorbents for its removal holds considerable importance. This study introduces a green adsorbent consisting of tin sulfide (SnS)‑carbon microplates synthesized through a straightforward one-step hydrothermal process followed by its application for the removal of Hg<sup>2+</sup> from water samples. The synthesized adsorbent is characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Through the optimization of crucial parameters and with thanks to the effective interaction between S atoms (soft base) of SnS-C adsorbent and Hg<sup>2+</sup> (soft acid), an impressive Hg<sup>2+</sup> removal percentage of approximately 99.0 % is achieved for 100 mg L<sup>−1</sup> Hg<sup>2+</sup>. Interpreting of isotherm models indicate that Hg<sup>2+</sup> adsorption conforms to the Langmuir isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 238.1 mg/g. Finally, the SnS-Carbon microplate adsorbent exhibits notable advantages, including a green and convenient synthesis route (achieved through a one-step hydrothermal method) and high efficiency, making it a potent adsorbent for the decontamination of Hg<sup>2+</sup> from water samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111678"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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