Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113351
Zhenyan Duan , Tao Chen , Yuhao Suo , Haohui Shi , Junpeng Ye
Accurately characterizing surface quality is a prerequisite for the subsequent optimization of the processing scheme when processing of composites such as carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites (Cf/SiCs). Properties such as the scale-free nature of the fractal dimension make it independent of the measuring accuracy of the instrument. In this study, the surface quality characterization of Cf/SiCs after two-dimensional ultrasonic-assisted grinding (2D-UAG) was explored using fractal dimension Ds. Firstly, Cf/SiCs were classified into three fiber arrangement directions, i.e., perpendicular, longitudinal, and transverse. Secondly, the fractal characteristics of Cf/SiCs in the three fiber orientations were demonstrated. The results showed that the self-similar magnification interval of the Cf/SiCs' image with longitudinal and vertical fiber arrangement is 200×–500× magnification. In addition, Cf/SiCs with different fiber orientation directions exhibited different material removal mechanisms, which in turn affected their surface quality. Cf/SiCs with perpendicular fiber arrangement have the best machined surface quality, while Cf/SiCs with longitudinal fiber arrangement have the worst machined surface quality.
{"title":"Research on surface quality assessment using fractal dimension for two-dimensional ultrasonic-assisted grinding of unidirectional Cf/SiC composites","authors":"Zhenyan Duan , Tao Chen , Yuhao Suo , Haohui Shi , Junpeng Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately characterizing surface quality is a prerequisite for the subsequent optimization of the processing scheme when processing of composites such as carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites (C<sub>f</sub>/SiCs). Properties such as the scale-free nature of the fractal dimension make it independent of the measuring accuracy of the instrument. In this study, the surface quality characterization of C<sub>f</sub>/SiCs after two-dimensional ultrasonic-assisted grinding (2D-UAG) was explored using fractal dimension <em>D</em><sub>s</sub>. Firstly, C<sub>f</sub>/SiCs were classified into three fiber arrangement directions, i.e., perpendicular, longitudinal, and transverse. Secondly, the fractal characteristics of C<sub>f</sub>/SiCs in the three fiber orientations were demonstrated. The results showed that the self-similar magnification interval of the C<sub>f</sub>/SiCs' image with longitudinal and vertical fiber arrangement is 200×–500× magnification. In addition, C<sub>f</sub>/SiCs with different fiber orientation directions exhibited different material removal mechanisms, which in turn affected their surface quality. C<sub>f</sub>/SiCs with perpendicular fiber arrangement have the best machined surface quality, while C<sub>f</sub>/SiCs with longitudinal fiber arrangement have the worst machined surface quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113351"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Activated carbon (AC) is known for its excellent adsorption, which can be improved by surface and inner modification. This study investigates three key points. First, the effect of phosphoric acid impregnation (30, 60, 100, and 150 wt%) on crystallinity, surface chemistry, thermal stability, and adsorption of Methylene blue (MB) and Orange G (OG). TGA, XRD, and FT-IR results showed that phosphoric acid enhanced thermal stability, decreased crystallinity, and increased surface functional groups. These structural and chemical changes led to significant increases in adsorption capacity, from 77.126 to 514.405 mg/g for MB at pH 10 and from 16.813 to 254.900 mg/g for OG at pH 2.
Second, the effect of surface and internal modifications using Citric acid (C-ACs) and Thiourea (T-ACs) on activated carbon, including its elemental composition and morphology, were investigated through FTIR, XPS, and SEM-EDS analyses. The successful introduction of new surface functionalities was confirmed by the emergence of thiocarbonyl (HN–C=S) groups after Thiourea modification and ester (O–C=O) groups following Citric acid treatment. After modification, the adsorption capacity of OG slightly decreased to 239.029 mg/g at pH 2, whereas MB adsorption capacity further increased, reaching 536.600 mg/g at pH 10.
Finally, Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Non-Covalent Interaction (NCI) analyses provided molecular-level insight into the adsorption mechanism, demonstrating that MB exhibits higher reactivity than OG due to its lower energy gap and stronger interactions with electron-rich surface sites. π–π stacking was identified as the dominant interaction, supported by electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals interactions.
{"title":"Citric acid and thiourea functionalized activated carbon for efficient removal of anionic and cationic dyes: A combined experimental and DFT approach","authors":"Hamza Megherbi , Aghilas Brahmi , Faïza Diaba , Abdelbaki Reffas","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Activated carbon (AC) is known for its excellent adsorption, which can be improved by surface and inner modification. This study investigates three key points. First, the effect of phosphoric acid impregnation (30, 60, 100, and 150 wt%) on crystallinity, surface chemistry, thermal stability, and adsorption of Methylene blue (MB) and Orange G (OG). TGA, XRD, and FT-IR results showed that phosphoric acid enhanced thermal stability, decreased crystallinity, and increased surface functional groups. These structural and chemical changes led to significant increases in adsorption capacity, from 77.126 to 514.405 mg/g for MB at pH 10 and from 16.813 to 254.900 mg/g for OG at pH 2.</div><div>Second, the effect of surface and internal modifications using Citric acid (C-ACs) and Thiourea (T-ACs) on activated carbon, including its elemental composition and morphology, were investigated through FTIR, XPS, and SEM-EDS analyses. The successful introduction of new surface functionalities was confirmed by the emergence of thiocarbonyl (HN–C=S) groups after Thiourea modification and ester (O–C=O) groups following Citric acid treatment. After modification, the adsorption capacity of OG slightly decreased to 239.029 mg/g at pH 2, whereas MB adsorption capacity further increased, reaching 536.600 mg/g at pH 10.</div><div>Finally, Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Non-Covalent Interaction (NCI) analyses provided molecular-level insight into the adsorption mechanism, demonstrating that MB exhibits higher reactivity than OG due to its lower energy gap and stronger interactions with electron-rich surface sites. π–π stacking was identified as the dominant interaction, supported by electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113353"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113336
Wenli Xu , Chang Wang , Yu Wang , Shuang Li , Dan Liu , Yuyang Cen , Xinyu Liu , Jiayi Peng , Zhengkui Zhang , Jiaojiao Zhao
Melanoma, a highly aggressive cutaneous tumor, demands the development of highly biocompatible and efficient photothermal nanomaterials to advance photothermal therapy. In this study, we synthesized saffron-derived carbon dots (S-CDs) via a solvothermal method using saffron, a traditional Chinese medicine, as the carbon source. Characterization by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that the S-CDs are well-monodispersed with an average size of about 2.4 nm and exhibit a photothermal conversion efficiency of 31.9%. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, S-CDs demonstrated both concentration-dependent temperature increase and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The critical role of ROS in the cytotoxic mechanism was confirmed by scavenger assays. To enhance tumor retention, we developed an injectable hydrogel (S-CDs@HA) by encapsulating S-CDs into an aldehyde-modified hyaluronic acid matrix. The hydrogel exhibited sustained release kinetics, enabling sustained release over 144 h. In a B16F10 melanoma mouse model, local administration of S-CDs@HA combined with laser irradiation significantly suppressed tumor growth, as evidenced by histopathological analysis revealing extensive necrosis and decreased proliferation. No systemic toxicity was observed based on body weight monitoring and organ histology. This work thus presents not only a novel natural product-derived photothermal agent but also delivers an injectable hydrogel platform for the synergistic photothermal and ROS-mediated therapy of melanoma.
{"title":"Saffron-derived carbon dot-embedded hyaluronic acid hydrogels for synergistic photothermal and ROS-mediated therapy of melanoma","authors":"Wenli Xu , Chang Wang , Yu Wang , Shuang Li , Dan Liu , Yuyang Cen , Xinyu Liu , Jiayi Peng , Zhengkui Zhang , Jiaojiao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melanoma, a highly aggressive cutaneous tumor, demands the development of highly biocompatible and efficient photothermal nanomaterials to advance photothermal therapy. In this study, we synthesized saffron-derived carbon dots (S-CDs) <em>via</em> a solvothermal method using saffron, a traditional Chinese medicine, as the carbon source. Characterization by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that the S-CDs are well-monodispersed with an average size of about 2.4 nm and exhibit a photothermal conversion efficiency of 31.9%. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, S-CDs demonstrated both concentration-dependent temperature increase and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The critical role of ROS in the cytotoxic mechanism was confirmed by scavenger assays. To enhance tumor retention, we developed an injectable hydrogel (S-CDs@HA) by encapsulating S-CDs into an aldehyde-modified hyaluronic acid matrix. The hydrogel exhibited sustained release kinetics, enabling sustained release over 144 h. In a B16F10 melanoma mouse model, local administration of S-CDs@HA combined with laser irradiation significantly suppressed tumor growth, as evidenced by histopathological analysis revealing extensive necrosis and decreased proliferation. No systemic toxicity was observed based on body weight monitoring and organ histology. This work thus presents not only a novel natural product-derived photothermal agent but also delivers an injectable hydrogel platform for the synergistic photothermal and ROS-mediated therapy of melanoma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113336"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113340
Katarzyna Mielech-Łukasiewicz , Paulina Danilczyk
The work presents a new procedure of determination of an antifungal agent tolnaftate (TLN). A quick and simple analysis is proposed, based on the reaction of electrochemical oxidation of the studied analyte on a first-time used bare boron-doped diamond electrode. Before the measurement, the BDD electrode was subject to procedure, which, however, involved an innovative approach of multiple cycling in electrolyte with 0.1 mol/L solution of NaClO4, in the potential range from −2.9 V to +0.3 V. Sensitive and accurate determination of TLN was possible on an unmodified BDD electrode with the use of square wave voltammetry (SWV), never used with this analyte before. The environment of the studied reaction was optimized in the work, and the B-R buffer with pH = 2.09 proved to be the best electrolyte. An irreversible oxidation peak was obtained in the solution at the potential of 1.3 V (vs. SCE). The analysis of the impact of scan rate on the height of TLN oxidation peak led to the conclusion that the recorded currents have a diffusion character. In the optimum conditions of SWV operation parameters, a linear range of concentrations was obtained from 4.9·10−6 to 8.6·10−5 mol/L, with LOD of 4.3·10−7 mol/L, LOQ of 1.3·10−6 mol/L, and the coefficient of determination close to one (0.9977). TLN was successfully determined in a pharmaceutical preparation and in artificial sweat. The obtained recovery of the proposed procedure was in the range from 94.95% to 100.92%.
{"title":"Application of an unmodified boron-doped diamond electrode for the determination of tolnaftate in pharmaceutical samples and artificial sweat samples","authors":"Katarzyna Mielech-Łukasiewicz , Paulina Danilczyk","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The work presents a new procedure of determination of an antifungal agent tolnaftate (TLN). A quick and simple analysis is proposed, based on the reaction of electrochemical oxidation of the studied analyte on a first-time used bare boron-doped diamond electrode. Before the measurement, the BDD electrode was subject to procedure, which, however, involved an innovative approach of multiple cycling in electrolyte with 0.1 mol/L solution of NaClO<sub>4</sub>, in the potential range from −2.9 V to +0.3 V. Sensitive and accurate determination of TLN was possible on an unmodified BDD electrode with the use of square wave voltammetry (SWV), never used with this analyte before. The environment of the studied reaction was optimized in the work, and the B-R buffer with pH = 2.09 proved to be the best electrolyte. An irreversible oxidation peak was obtained in the solution at the potential of 1.3 V (vs. SCE). The analysis of the impact of scan rate on the height of TLN oxidation peak led to the conclusion that the recorded currents have a diffusion character. In the optimum conditions of SWV operation parameters, a linear range of concentrations was obtained from 4.9·10<sup>−6</sup> to 8.6·10<sup>−5</sup> mol/L, with LOD of 4.3·10<sup>−7</sup> mol/L, LOQ of 1.3·10<sup>−6</sup> mol/L, and the coefficient of determination close to one (0.9977). TLN was successfully determined in a pharmaceutical preparation and in artificial sweat. The obtained recovery of the proposed procedure was in the range from 94.95% to 100.92%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113340"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113329
Zhenfei Lv , Xuejia Zhang , Chong Lan , Jiahua Gao , Junchi Weng , Haotian Fan , Xu Lu , Xiulin Shen
The intensifying electromagnetic pollution in the 5G era urgently demands the development of highly efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials. This study employs a surfactant-assisted solvothermal method, utilizing methylene blue-saturated woody activated carbon (SWAC) as a sustainable carbon matrix, to successfully synthesize a series of cobalt-doped CoxMn1-xFe2O4/SWAC composites with tunable molar ratios. By optimizing the Co/Mn molar ratio, the composite exhibits outstanding microwave absorption performance at an ultra-thin thickness of just 1.34 mm when x = 0.6: minimum reflection loss (RLmin) reaches −55.67 dB, and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) spans 2.16 GHz (15.84–18 GHz). Its matched thickness was significantly reduced by 57% compared to the control sample. The performance enhancement stems from multiscale synergistic effects induced by cobalt doping: cobalt enhances hysteresis loss and optimizes the natural resonant frequency; the difference in ionic radii between Co2+ and Mn2+ ions induces lattice distortion, promoting interfacial polarization. These mechanisms collectively optimize the material's impedance matching and attenuation capabilities, realizing a synergistic magnetoelectric loss mechanism. This study provides a novel strategy for designing lightweight, high-performance, and sustainable broadband electromagnetic wave absorbers.
{"title":"Cobalt-doped CoxMn1-xFe2O4/SWAC composites for ultra-thin and high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Zhenfei Lv , Xuejia Zhang , Chong Lan , Jiahua Gao , Junchi Weng , Haotian Fan , Xu Lu , Xiulin Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intensifying electromagnetic pollution in the 5G era urgently demands the development of highly efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials. This study employs a surfactant-assisted solvothermal method, utilizing methylene blue-saturated woody activated carbon (SWAC) as a sustainable carbon matrix, to successfully synthesize a series of cobalt-doped Co<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>1-x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/SWAC composites with tunable molar ratios. By optimizing the Co/Mn molar ratio, the composite exhibits outstanding microwave absorption performance at an ultra-thin thickness of just 1.34 mm when x = 0.6: minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) reaches −55.67 dB, and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) spans 2.16 GHz (15.84–18 GHz). Its matched thickness was significantly reduced by 57% compared to the control sample. The performance enhancement stems from multiscale synergistic effects induced by cobalt doping: cobalt enhances hysteresis loss and optimizes the natural resonant frequency; the difference in ionic radii between Co<sup>2+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup> ions induces lattice distortion, promoting interfacial polarization. These mechanisms collectively optimize the material's impedance matching and attenuation capabilities, realizing a synergistic magnetoelectric loss mechanism. This study provides a novel strategy for designing lightweight, high-performance, and sustainable broadband electromagnetic wave absorbers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113329"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systematic experimental studies were conducted to engineer optimized composite electrode structures for high-performance supercapacitors. Sea urchin-shaped NiCo2O4 (NICO) nanostructures were combined with two carbonaceous materials, activated carbon (AC) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), to maximize electrochemical properties. NICO/AC and NICO/MWCNT composites were fabricated using a physical blending technique. The two symmetric supercapacitor cell configurations NICO/AC||NICO/AC and NICO/MWCNT||NICO/MWCNT were fabricated. Among the above devices, the NICO/MWCNT-based device exhibited superior electrochemical performance with a high specific capacitance of 514 F g−1 at discharge current density of 2 A g−1, and exceptional energy density of 29.4 Wh kg−1 and power density of 4000 W kg−1. Notably, the device maintained 92.1% of its original capacitance after 4000 cycles with tremendous stability. Additionally, a 2032-coin cell device made of the optimized composite powered a blue LED uninterrupted for 35 min, which proves its feasibility for practical energy storage applications. These findings validate carbon-decorated sea urchin-shaped NiCo2O4 as an effective electrode material for prospective high-energy technologies.
为了优化高性能超级电容器的复合电极结构，进行了系统的实验研究。将海胆形状的NiCo2O4 （NICO）纳米结构与活性炭（AC）和多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）两种碳质材料结合，以最大限度地提高电化学性能。采用物理共混技术制备NICO/AC和NICO/MWCNT复合材料。制备了NICO/AC||NICO/AC和NICO/MWCNT||NICO/MWCNT两种对称的超级电容器电池结构。在上述器件中，NICO/ mwcnts基器件表现出优异的电化学性能，在放电电流密度为2 a g−1时具有514 F g−1的高比电容，能量密度为29.4 Wh kg−1，功率密度为4000 W kg−1。值得注意的是，该器件在4000次循环后保持了92.1%的原始电容，并具有极大的稳定性。此外，由优化的复合材料制成的2032硬币电池装置为蓝色LED不间断供电35分钟，这证明了其在实际储能应用中的可行性。这些发现证实了碳装饰海胆形状的NiCo2O4是未来高能技术的有效电极材料。
{"title":"Hierarchically organized carbon-modified sea-urchin NiCo2O4 electrodes for high-performance symmetric supercapacitors","authors":"Ritesh Kumar , Shweta Tanwar , Shivani Kalia , Diksha , Rajesh K. Singh , A.L. Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Systematic experimental studies were conducted to engineer optimized composite electrode structures for high-performance supercapacitors. Sea urchin-shaped NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (NICO) nanostructures were combined with two carbonaceous materials, activated carbon (AC) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), to maximize electrochemical properties. NICO/AC and NICO/MWCNT composites were fabricated using a physical blending technique. The two symmetric supercapacitor cell configurations NICO/AC||NICO/AC and NICO/MWCNT||NICO/MWCNT were fabricated. Among the above devices, the NICO/MWCNT-based device exhibited superior electrochemical performance with a high specific capacitance of 514 F g<sup>−1</sup> at discharge current density of 2 A g<sup>−1</sup>, and exceptional energy density of 29.4 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> and power density of 4000 W kg<sup>−1</sup>. Notably, the device maintained 92.1% of its original capacitance after 4000 cycles with tremendous stability. Additionally, a 2032-coin cell device made of the optimized composite powered a blue LED uninterrupted for 35 min, which proves its feasibility for practical energy storage applications. These findings validate carbon-decorated sea urchin-shaped NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as an effective electrode material for prospective high-energy technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113335"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113350
Bandana Priyadarshini, Amitava Ghosh
The present work investigates anti-frictional characteristics of DI water-based diamond/WS₂ mono and hybrid nanofluids and explores the working mechanisms in a tribo-test which mimics real time tribo-interfaces, which evolve in an abrasive machining process. SDS is used as surfactant to produce all nanofluids to ensure stability. The hybrid nanofluid exhibited moderate zeta potential (‐40 mV) and the lowest wetting angle (33°) among all nanofluids. Anti-frictional characteristics are assessed at 10, 20 and 30 N loads using two different tribo-pair configurations. The first one is the standard ball-on-disc setup, where both ball and pin are made of AISI52100 steel. The second configuration is the customized pin-on-disc tribo-pair where a steel pin brazed with microcrystalline cBN abrasives (tool) slides against AISI 52100 steel disc (workpiece). In ball-on-disc test, WS₂ and hybrid nanofluid outperformed diamond nanofluid for reducing friction at tribo-interface at all three load conditions. In pin-on-disc configuration, which is closer to real-time condition, the maximum reduction in CoF from that in dry sliding is nearly 60%, but with diamond nanofluid at 10 N load. However, hybrid nanofluid, combining the synergistic micro–ball-bearing effect of diamond nanoparticles with the sheared exfoliation of WS₂ layers, is more effective at higher loads, achieving CoF reductions of 45% at 20 N and 40% at 30 N compared to dry sliding. Such deviation in tribological behaviour of mono and hybrid nanofluid underscores the necessity of customized tribo-pair configurations for reliable performance evaluation and proper selection of cutting fluid prior to real-time abrasive machining tests.
{"title":"Potential of diamond and tungsten disulfide water-based hybrid nanofluid aerosols at abrasive tool-work tribo-interfaces as lubricant medium and mechanism of lubrication","authors":"Bandana Priyadarshini, Amitava Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work investigates anti-frictional characteristics of DI water-based diamond/WS₂ mono and hybrid nanofluids and explores the working mechanisms in a tribo-test which mimics real time tribo-interfaces, which evolve in an abrasive machining process. SDS is used as surfactant to produce all nanofluids to ensure stability. The hybrid nanofluid exhibited moderate zeta potential (‐40 mV) and the lowest wetting angle (33°) among all nanofluids. Anti-frictional characteristics are assessed at 10, 20 and 30 N loads using two different tribo-pair configurations. The first one is the standard ball-on-disc setup, where both ball and pin are made of AISI52100 steel. The second configuration is the customized pin-on-disc tribo-pair where a steel pin brazed with microcrystalline cBN abrasives (tool) slides against AISI 52100 steel disc (workpiece). In ball-on-disc test, WS₂ and hybrid nanofluid outperformed diamond nanofluid for reducing friction at tribo-interface at all three load conditions. In pin-on-disc configuration, which is closer to real-time condition, the maximum reduction in CoF from that in dry sliding is nearly 60%, but with diamond nanofluid at 10 N load. However, hybrid nanofluid, combining the synergistic micro–ball-bearing effect of diamond nanoparticles with the sheared exfoliation of WS₂ layers, is more effective at higher loads, achieving CoF reductions of 45% at 20 N and 40% at 30 N compared to dry sliding. Such deviation in tribological behaviour of mono and hybrid nanofluid underscores the necessity of customized tribo-pair configurations for reliable performance evaluation and proper selection of cutting fluid prior to real-time abrasive machining tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113350"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113347
Sergey A. Grudinkin , Kirill V. Bogdanov , Mikhail A. Baranov , Anton P. Tkach , Kirill I. Annas , Valery G. Golubev , Alexander V. Baranov
A comparative study on two methods for the synthesis of nano- and microdiamonds doped with GeV− and SiV− color centers, which emit simultaneously at 602 and 738 nm, was conducted. The results show that sequential doping of the growing crystal with Ge and Si atoms is preferable to parallel doping. This preference is due to the fact that the optimal growth conditions for achieving the highest emission intensity of each center differ significantly, including the methane concentration in the CH4/H2 gas mixture, the substrate temperature, and the growth time.
{"title":"Hot filament CVD growth of diamond sub-microcrystals with luminescent GeV− and SiV− color centers: parallel versus sequential doping with Ge and Si atoms","authors":"Sergey A. Grudinkin , Kirill V. Bogdanov , Mikhail A. Baranov , Anton P. Tkach , Kirill I. Annas , Valery G. Golubev , Alexander V. Baranov","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comparative study on two methods for the synthesis of nano- and microdiamonds doped with GeV<sup><strong>−</strong></sup> and SiV<sup><strong>−</strong></sup> color centers, which emit simultaneously at 602 and 738 nm, was conducted. The results show that sequential doping of the growing crystal with Ge and Si atoms is preferable to parallel doping. This preference is due to the fact that the optimal growth conditions for achieving the highest emission intensity of each center differ significantly, including the methane concentration in the CH<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub> gas mixture, the substrate temperature, and the growth time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113347"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113348
Jinwoo Park , Sang Kyu Park , Seung-Yeol Jeon , Jungwon Kim , Hyungbum Park
This study investigates the molecular-level behavior and performance of carbon nanotube-based hydrogen storage systems using tight-binding simulations. Dynamic analysis of the effects of nanotube radius and metal additives revealed that while the absolute number of molecules adsorbed increases with increasing radius, the weight-based storage capacity ultimately decreases because the increase in the mass of the nanotube itself dominates. Conversely, doping titanium and lithium nanoparticles significantly enhances storage capacity through strong metal‑hydrogen interactions such as chemisorption and Kubas interaction. Specifically, doping with titanium nanoparticles promotes hydrogen storage on the CNT surface, resulting in enhanced reversible hydrogen storage capacity compared to other metal additives. Analysis results confirmed a critical point of initial hydrogen density of 0.015 g/cc, below which storage performance deteriorates rapidly due to kinetic energy imbalance. With effective storage capacities approximately up to 3.72 wt%, these findings offer essential foundational data for optimizing the design of high-efficiency hydrogen storage materials.
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Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113346
Jitha S. Jayan , Sajitha S. Jayan , Appukuttan Saritha
The size-dependent optical properties, high surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and favourable electrical conductivity of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) make them highly promising for use in optoelectronics and energy storage. GQDs synthesized in powder form can facilitate storage, transport, and integration into devices for sensing, electronics, bioimaging, and supercapacitors. In the current study GQDs with an average size of 6.46 nm are prepared from tender coconut water in the powder form. The graphitic nature and the surface functionalities in the synthesized GQDs were confirmed by the help of FTIR, Raman, XRD and XPS analysis. The powder GQDs are capable of dispersing in water and shows photoluminescence characteristics with a quantum yield of 19.3%. The synthesized GQDs show better electrical conductivities over Graphene Oxide (GO) and better charge transfer performance as evident from the electrochemical studies. Moreover, the synthesized GQDs shows better thermal stability over GO synthesized via Hummer's method. The cyclic voltammetry studies (CV) reveal that GQDs shows a specific capacitance of 10.6 F g−1, which is 27.4 time higher than that of GO.
石墨烯量子点（GQDs）具有尺寸相关的光学特性、高表面积、可调的表面化学性质和良好的导电性，使其在光电子学和储能方面具有很高的应用前景。以粉末形式合成的GQDs可以促进存储，运输和集成到传感，电子，生物成像和超级电容器的设备中。在目前的研究中，GQDs的平均尺寸为6.46 nm，由嫩椰子水制成粉末状。利用红外光谱（FTIR）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、x射线衍射（XRD）和XPS等分析手段对合成的GQDs的石墨性质和表面官能团进行了表征。粉末GQDs在水中具有良好的分散性能，并表现出光致发光特性，量子产率为19.3%。电化学研究表明，合成的GQDs比氧化石墨烯（GO）具有更好的导电性和更好的电荷转移性能。此外，合成的GQDs比通过Hummer方法合成的氧化石墨烯具有更好的热稳定性。循环伏安研究（CV）表明，GQDs的比电容为10.6 F g−1，是GO的27.4倍。
{"title":"Synthesis of fluorescent graphene quantum dots from tender coconut water","authors":"Jitha S. Jayan , Sajitha S. Jayan , Appukuttan Saritha","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The size-dependent optical properties, high surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and favourable electrical conductivity of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) make them highly promising for use in optoelectronics and energy storage. GQDs synthesized in powder form can facilitate storage, transport, and integration into devices for sensing, electronics, bioimaging, and supercapacitors. In the current study GQDs with an average size of 6.46 nm are prepared from tender coconut water in the powder form. The graphitic nature and the surface functionalities in the synthesized GQDs were confirmed by the help of FTIR, Raman, XRD and XPS analysis. The powder GQDs are capable of dispersing in water and shows photoluminescence characteristics with a quantum yield of 19.3%. The synthesized GQDs show better electrical conductivities over Graphene Oxide (GO) and better charge transfer performance as evident from the electrochemical studies. Moreover, the synthesized GQDs shows better thermal stability over GO synthesized via Hummer's method. The cyclic voltammetry studies (CV) reveal that GQDs shows a specific capacitance of 10.6 F g<sup>−1</sup>, which is 27.4 time higher than that of GO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113346"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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