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Experimental Analysis on the Thermal Characteristics of the Lithium-ion Battery During the Aging Cycles 锂离子电池老化循环热特性的实验分析
Pub Date : 2019-10-31 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/iceee2019/31809
Yong Tian, Zhibing Zeng, Xiaoyu Li, Lijuan Xiang, Jindong Tian
This paper investigates the thermal characteristic and heat generation mechanism of the lithium-ion battery during the aging cycles. The surface temperature distribution and the thermal characteristic of the battery were analyzed based on the infrared images. Results indicated that the surface temperature distribution of the battery is greatly dependent on the state of charge (SOC). The endothermic peak caused by the entropy heat coefficient of the reversible reaction heat gradually disappears as the increase of the discharge rate. The negative electrode has the highest temperature during the discharge process. The temperature rise of the battery gets higher as the battery ages, that is, the total heat output of the battery increases. However, the reversible reaction heat of the battery has little change with the increase of the aging cycles. The results of thermal behaviors analysis are conducive to understand the safety management and build a reliable thermal model for high energy density lithium-ion battery.
研究了锂离子电池在老化循环过程中的热特性和产热机理。基于红外图像分析了电池的表面温度分布和热特性。结果表明,电池的表面温度分布与荷电状态(SOC)有很大关系。可逆反应热的熵热系数引起的吸热峰随着流量的增加逐渐消失。在放电过程中,负极的温度最高。随着电池的老化,电池的温升越来越高,即电池的总发热量增加。而随着老化循环次数的增加,电池的可逆反应热变化不大。热行为分析结果有助于理解高能量密度锂离子电池的安全管理,建立可靠的热模型。
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引用次数: 0
LCA Analysis of Anaerobic Digestion Plant Fed with Canteen Food Waste in a University in China 某高校食堂餐厨垃圾厌氧消化植物的LCA分析
Pub Date : 2019-10-31 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/iceee2019/31749
Hewen Zhou, Q. Yang, Mengmeng Shi, Jiashuo Li, Haiping Yang, Federica Liberti, Pietro Bartoccid, F. Fantozzi
The amount of food waste in China's catering industry is approximately 17 to 18 Mt per year (about 20% of total food losses). China's National Development and Reform commission has currently ratified 100 pilot cities in five batches over 2011 to 2015 to implement food waste treatment projects. Almost the 80% of these projects is based on anaerobic digestion. So it is very important to understand clearly which is the environmental impact of these new bioenergy chains (especially in the small scale). For this reason a Life Cycle Assessment case study is presented in this work, based on a 156 kWe anaerobic digestion plant, fed with waste food produced by 29 canteens, which are present in the campus of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). The obtained results show that, respect to the reference scenario, the presented case study has lower environmental burden in all the considered impact categories. When the waste food is compared with other feedstock to produce biogas, the only negative impact is on the eutrophication category. About 0.00084 kgPO4 3- are emitted per kWhe produced. This negative impact is mainly due to the reuse of the digestate as soil amendment.
中国餐饮业每年的食物浪费量约为1700万至1800万吨(约占总食物损失的20%)。中国国家发展和改革委员会目前已批准在2011年至2015年期间分五批100个试点城市实施食物垃圾处理项目。几乎80%的项目都是基于厌氧消化。因此,清楚地了解这些新的生物能源链对环境的影响是非常重要的(特别是在小规模的情况下)。基于这个原因,本研究提出了一个生命周期评估案例研究,该研究基于一个156 kWe的厌氧消化工厂,该工厂以华中科技大学校园内29个食堂产生的废弃食物为食。结果表明,相对于参考情景,本案例研究在所有考虑的影响类别中都具有较低的环境负担。当废物食物与其他原料相比产生沼气时,唯一的负面影响是在富营养化类别上。每生产一千瓦时排放约0.00084千克po3 -。这种负面影响主要是由于消化液作为土壤改良剂的再利用。
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引用次数: 0
Efficiency Optimization Control of Direct Drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor 直驱永磁同步电机效率优化控制
Pub Date : 2019-10-31 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/iceee2019/31816
Chengming Zhang, Jiwei Cao, Qingbo Guo, Liyi Li, Mingyi Wang, Jiaxi Liu
High-performance permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) systems used in electric vehicle(EV) are required to deliver high efficiency over the wide speed and torque ranges. This paper proposes a novel efficiency optimization control strategy of PMSM system EV which can maximize the system efficiency in both steady and dynamic state. As the PMSM is directly connected with the load, caused the output torque of motor is a function of the rotate speed, this study is focused on the dynamic system model with the driving cycle which considers about motor copper loss, motor iron loss and inverter loss. Based on the dynamic system model, the proposed control strategy can optimize motor loss and inverter loss together, by which the system efficiency is increased over the whole operation duty. Compared with traditional control strategy, the proposed control strategy can decrease the energy consumption over the whole driving cycle. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results verifies the validity of proposed efficiency optimization control strategy.
用于电动汽车(EV)的高性能永磁同步电机(PMSM)系统需要在宽速度和扭矩范围内提供高效率。本文提出了一种新的永磁同步电机系统EV效率优化控制策略,使系统在稳态和动态状态下都能实现效率最大化。由于永磁同步电机与负载直接相连,电机的输出转矩是转速的函数,因此本文主要研究考虑电机铜损、电机铁损和逆变器损耗的具有驱动周期的动态系统模型。基于动态系统模型,提出的控制策略可以同时优化电机损耗和逆变器损耗,从而提高系统的整体运行效率。与传统的控制策略相比,所提出的控制策略可以降低整个行驶周期的能耗。理论分析和实验结果验证了所提出的效率优化控制策略的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
A Novel Method for Estimating State-of-Charge of Lithium-ion Battery Pack Based on General Open Circuit Voltage 一种基于总开路电压估算锂离子电池组充电状态的新方法
Pub Date : 2019-10-31 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/iceee2019/31817
Hao Lei, Xiaokai Chen, R. Xiong
The relationship between open-circuit-voltage (OCV) and the state of charge (SOC) has shown a considerable influence on the accuracy of SOC estimation. In this study, in order to deal with the uncertainty and inconsistency of the OCV curve in the battery pack, a novel method for SOC estimation based on the general OCV is proposed. The general OCV unifies the OCV curves of all the cells in the battery pack and can be used to solve the OCV derivative in EKF-based SOC estimation, but it brings model deviation meanwhile. Therefore, the battery model is corrected by the model bias, which is obtained by online identification with other model parameters. The case study results show that the results of SOC estimation is accurate and stable, with the maximum absolute error less than 6% at 0°C, 4% at 25°C and 45°C.
开路电压(OCV)与荷电状态(SOC)之间的关系对荷电状态估计的准确性有相当大的影响。本研究针对电池组中OCV曲线的不确定性和不一致性,提出了一种基于通用OCV的电池荷电状态估计方法。通用OCV统一了电池组中所有电池的OCV曲线,可用于求解基于ekf的荷电状态估计中的OCV导数,但同时也带来了模型偏差。因此,通过与其他模型参数在线辨识得到的模型偏差对电池模型进行校正。实例研究结果表明,SOC估算结果准确稳定,在0°C、25°C和45°C条件下最大绝对误差小于6%。
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引用次数: 0
A Pragmatic Dynamic Lane-changing Trajectory Planning Model for Autonomous Vehicles 一种实用的自动驾驶汽车动态变道轨迹规划模型
Pub Date : 2019-10-31 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/iceee2019/31790
Yonggang Liu, Xiao Wang, Liang Li, Shuo Cheng, Zheng Chen
Automatic lane change is a complex and essential part of autonomous vehicle control. Existing researches on autonomous vehicle technology mainly focused on avoiding obstacles, but few studies have focused on the issue of dynamic lane change. Moreover, existing dynamic lane-changing models were based on some certain assumptions. Considering that the actual road is not a complete straight line and the function of the road cannot be accurately established, this paper establishes a cubic polynomial path planning model based on discrete global trajectory points. Then, in order to ensure the trajectory’s safety, comfort and efficiency, an all-sided trajectory optimization function is proposed. At last, simulation verifications are carried out. Results show that the proposed method can generate a splendid lanechanging trajectory.
自动变道是自动驾驶汽车控制系统中一个复杂而重要的组成部分。现有的自动驾驶汽车技术研究主要集中在避障问题上,而对动态变道问题的研究较少。此外,现有的动态变道模型都是建立在一定的假设基础上的。考虑到实际道路不是一条完整的直线,无法准确建立道路的功能,本文建立了基于离散全局轨迹点的三次多项式路径规划模型。然后,为了保证轨迹的安全性、舒适性和高效性,提出了一种全方位的轨迹优化函数。最后进行了仿真验证。实验结果表明,该方法能生成较好的变道轨迹。
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引用次数: 0
Load Frequency Control Based on Equivalent-input-disturbance Method for Isolated Small Hybrid Power System 基于等效输入扰动法的隔离型小型混合电力系统负荷频率控制
Pub Date : 2019-10-31 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/iceee2019/31785
Chunsheng Wang, Jiamin Li, Yukun Hu, Xin Zhang, L. Varga
In any isolated small power system employing a mix of renewable energy (RE) technology and legacy technology, frequency deviation is inevitable due to RE fluctuations and load demand variations. Therefore, an appropriate frequency control scheme is essential. This paper presents an Equivalent-Input-Disturbance (EID) control for load frequency control of isolated small hybrid renewable energy power system. EID method is applied to regulate the output power of the diesel generator and electric vehicle (EV) to maintain the power balance and ultimately maintain the frequency within normal range. Simulation studies show that this strategy has higher flexibility and control performance than the traditional PI method.
在任何采用可再生能源技术和传统技术混合的孤立小型电力系统中,由于可再生能源的波动和负载需求的变化,频率偏差是不可避免的。因此,适当的频率控制方案是必不可少的。提出了一种适用于隔离型小型混合可再生能源电力系统负荷频率控制的等效输入扰动控制方法。采用EID方法调节柴油发电机和电动汽车的输出功率,保持功率平衡,最终使频率保持在正常范围内。仿真研究表明,该策略比传统的PI方法具有更高的灵活性和控制性能。
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引用次数: 0
An Experimental Study on Compressed Carbon dioxide Energy Storage 压缩二氧化碳储能的实验研究
Pub Date : 2019-10-31 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/iceee2019/31825
J. Yao, Yukun Hu, Shengchun Liu, Hailong Li
The massive use of renewable energy has driven the development of energy storage. Compressed CO2 energy storage technology is a promising technology. To gain a deeper understanding of the process of compressing carbon dioxide energy storage (CCES) technology, in order to support technological advances, this paper experimentally studied the performance of compressed CO2 energy storage system. The key parameters, such as the pressure of the storage tanks, the power consumption of the compressor, and the power of the expander were investigated.
可再生能源的大量使用带动了储能的发展。压缩CO2储能技术是一项很有前途的技术。为了更深入地了解压缩二氧化碳储能(CCES)技术的过程,为了支持技术进步,本文对压缩二氧化碳储能系统的性能进行了实验研究。对储罐压力、压缩机功耗、膨胀机功率等关键参数进行了研究。
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引用次数: 1
Impacts of External Short Circuit on Lithium-ion Battery Performance under Different Duration Time 外部短路对不同持续时间下锂离子电池性能的影响
Pub Date : 2019-10-31 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/iceee2019/31644
Zeyu Chen, R. Xiong, Bo Zhang, X. Cai
External short circuit (ESC) is one of the most ubiquitous faults that may occur during the battery utilization in electric vehicles (EVs). ESC causes the high temperature rise and may destroy the battery if it lasts long enough. However, the damage generation characters between the ESC occurrence and the battery destruction are not clear. In this study, the ESC characters under the varying duration time and the damage impacts are investigated. A novel experimental study on the ESC with incremental duration is proposed and the damage effects are analyzed via the changes of the battery characters, Secondly, the battery destruction is proved to be abruptly generated right after a critical time. The electrochemical mechanism implied with critical time is analyzed. Finally, the curved surface of the ESC critical time against the varying battery working conditions is disclosed.
外部短路(ESC)是电动汽车电池在使用过程中最常见的故障之一。ESC会导致温度升高,如果持续时间过长,可能会损坏电池。然而,ESC发生与电池破坏之间的损伤产生特征尚不清楚。研究了不同持续时间下的ESC特性和损伤影响。提出了一种新的持续时间增加的ESC实验研究方法,并通过电池特性的变化分析了其损伤效应。其次,证明了电池破坏是在临界时间后突然发生的。分析了临界时间隐含的电化学机理。最后,公开了不同电池工作条件下ESC临界时间的曲面。
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引用次数: 0
Components of a Technology Roadmap for Automated Excavation 自动挖掘技术路线图的组成部分
Pub Date : 2019-10-31 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/iceee2019/31813
S. Naghshbandi, L. Varga, Yukun Hu
In the construction industry, especially in earthmoving equipment, automation has received a great deal of attention. Fully environmentally friendly automatic construction equipment, such as excavators, are perceived as vital for safe, productive, and resilient future construction sites. However, there is much uncertainty about the technologies which need to be adopted and developed in order to effectively achieve this end and provide the industry with strategic direction. This paper explores current academic thinking about technology roadmaps and technological innovations of excavation operations, in order to identify the components for automated excavation technology roadmaps. Literature in well-established databases are identified using robust search strategies. Text mining, a quantitative approach, was used to analyse and organise findings. Three main technology innovation categories were identified: 1) real time positioning systems; 2) technologies to detect over ground objects, 3) technologies to detect below underground objects. In addition, multi-sensory data fusion methods are identified as an essential and vital requirement for construction automation.
在建筑行业,尤其是土方设备中,自动化已经受到了极大的关注。完全环保的自动施工设备,如挖掘机,被认为是安全、高效和弹性的未来建筑工地的关键。然而,为了有效地实现这一目标并为行业提供战略方向,需要采用和开发的技术存在很大的不确定性。本文探讨了目前关于挖掘作业技术路线图和技术创新的学术思考,以确定自动化挖掘技术路线图的组成部分。文献在完善的数据库被确定使用稳健的搜索策略。文本挖掘是一种定量方法,用于分析和组织发现。确定了三个主要的技术创新类别:1)实时定位系统;2)探测地面物体的技术,3)探测地下物体的技术。此外,多感官数据融合方法被认为是建筑自动化的基本和重要要求。
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引用次数: 0
Remote Sensing Monitoring and Numerical Simulation Coupling Studies on Frozen Soil in Cold Regions 寒区冻土遥感监测与数值模拟耦合研究
Pub Date : 2019-10-31 DOI: 10.12783/dteees/iceee2019/31791
Huiran Gao, Wanchang Zhang, Hao Chen
As an important data source of frozen soil, remote sensing monitoring information has not been fully utilized in the numerical model of frozen soil processes. Few researches exist involving the integration of the two monitoring methods. Following this study, a distributed numerical model for frozen soil processes based on coupled water-heat transferring theory in association with the previously obtained remotely sensed frozen soil datasets will be developed. Parameters characterized the frozen soil status, such as distributions of frozen soils in different types, soil ice content in different times and so on, could be simulated with the developed model. The numerical model systematically integrates the information of surface soil F/T states and considers its impact on the processes of evapotranspiration, infiltration and runoff generation. Several hydrological processes were integrated in the model. Finally, the remote sensing monitoring and numerical simulation coupling method was validated by the in-situ observations over a remote area near the town of Naqu on the East-Central Tibetan Plateau. The results shown that the overall accuracy of the discrimination algorithm based on passive microwave remote sensing was more than 95%. Under the correction of remote sensing monitoring information of frozen soil in the process of numerical simulation, the efficiency of the model and the accuracy of simulation results have been significantly improved.
遥感监测信息作为冻土的重要数据源,在冻土过程数值模型中尚未得到充分利用。将两种监测方法结合起来的研究很少。在此基础上,结合已有的遥感冻土数据集,建立了基于水-热耦合理论的冻土过程分布式数值模型。所建立的模型可以模拟不同类型冻土分布、不同时间土壤冰含量等表征冻土状态的参数。该数值模型系统地整合了地表土壤F/T状态信息,并考虑了其对蒸散发、入渗和产流过程的影响。几个水文过程被整合到模型中。最后,通过青藏高原中东部那曲镇附近偏远地区的现场观测,验证了遥感监测与数值模拟耦合方法的有效性。结果表明,基于被动微波遥感的识别算法总体精度在95%以上。在数值模拟过程中对冻土遥感监测信息进行校正后,模型的效率和模拟结果的准确性得到了显著提高。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Sciences
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