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Leaching of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soil Stabilised by Portland Cement and Slag Bremen 硅酸盐水泥与矿渣不来梅稳定土壤重金属浸出研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2022-0039
P. Lindh, Polina Lemenkova
Abstract Leaching behaviour is an important evidence of soil quality. The assessment of leaching of heavy metals from the contaminated soil is vital for environmental applications. However, leaching may differ in soil stabilised by various ratios of binders. In this study we measured leaching behaviour of soil contaminated by As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, methyl Hg, aliphatic compounds of hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). To evaluate leaching of these substances we tested the effects of changed amount of binder (120 kg and 150 kg) and binder ratios (70/30 %, 50/50 % and 30/70 %) added to soil samples. Soil was dredged from several stations in Ostrand area, SCA Sundsvall Ortvikens Pappersbruk. The results demonstrated a systematically decreasing leaching with the increased slag. The contribution of this research include: (i) devising systematic approach to extract information on leaching from stabilised soil collected from the coastal area of Bothnian Bay, (ii) developing a workflow for stabilising soils by various combination of Portland cement Basement CEM II/A-V (SS EN 197-1) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), Bremen type (SS EN 15167-1), (iii) determining water ratio and density for the untreated and stabilised soil and performing comparative analysis, (iv) evaluating chemical content of pollutants and toxic elements in the aggregated soil samples. Treatment of the contaminated soil by binders improved its parameters by the increased strength and decreased leaching of heavy metals and toxic elements.
淋滤行为是土壤质量的重要指标。重金属从污染土壤中浸出的评价对环境应用至关重要。然而,在不同比例的粘合剂稳定的土壤中,淋溶可能有所不同。研究了砷、镉、钴、铬、铜、汞、镍、铅、钒、锌、甲基汞、脂肪族烃、多环芳烃(PAHs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)和溶解性有机碳(DOC)污染土壤的淋滤行为。为了评价这些物质的浸出,我们测试了不同黏合剂用量(120 kg和150 kg)和黏合剂配比(70/ 30%、50/ 50%和30/ 70%)对土壤样品的影响。土壤是从osstrand地区的几个站点疏浚的,SCA sundsall Ortvikens Pappersbruk。结果表明,随着渣量的增加,浸出率逐渐降低。本研究的贡献包括:(i)设计一种系统的方法,从从博斯尼安湾沿海地区收集的稳定土壤中提取有关淋滤的信息;(ii)通过波特兰水泥基CEM ii / a - v (SS EN 197-1)和不莱梅型(SS EN 15167-1)的磨粒高炉渣(GGBFS)的各种组合来开发稳定土壤的工作流程;(iii)确定未经处理和稳定的土壤的水比和密度,并进行比较分析。(四)评价聚合土壤样品中污染物和有毒元素的化学含量。用粘结剂处理污染土壤后,土壤强度提高,重金属和有毒元素浸出减少,土壤参数得到改善。
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引用次数: 4
Influence of Vehicular Frequency on Air Quality of Delhi, India 车辆频率对印度德里空气质量的影响
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2022-0034
Vijay Kumar, Sunita Gupta, V. Jolli
Abstract Vehicular traffic has registered a phenomenal growth in the last few decades on Delhi roads, their increasing number is a cause of concern for city planners and administrators as they not only deteriorated the quality of environment but has also affected the human health. In this context, we studied the influence of traffic i.e., vehicular frequency on air quality of Delhi. Five sites were selected in four cardinal directions i.e., North, South, East, West and Centre for which data of air pollutants were already available in public domain (DPCC online website). Vehicular frequencies were recorded for Light Motor Vehicle (LMV) and Heavy Motor Vehicle (HMV) for both weekdays and weekends. Correlative analysis were carried out to study the relationship between vehicular frequency and air pollutants. The study showed, East of Delhi had the highest traffic load followed by North, West, South and Centre. We found statistically significant positive correlation between dust pollution, PM10 (r = 0.8) and PM2.5 (r = 0.6) with vehicular frequency while negative association with ozone (r = –0.5). A weak positive correlation was found with NOx (r = 0.2) while weak negative correlation with SO2 (r = –0.3). The study revealed that vehicular exhaust and their movement contribute in deteriorating the air quality of Delhi. Our findings suggest promotion of usage of public transport along with implementation of BS-VI stage vehicles and development of vegetation filters along the roads with native tree species.
在过去的几十年里,车辆交通在德里的道路上出现了惊人的增长,其数量的增加引起了城市规划者和管理者的关注,因为它们不仅恶化了环境质量,而且影响了人类健康。在此背景下,我们研究了交通,即车辆频率对德里空气质量的影响。在北、南、东、西和中四个主要方向上选择了五个地点,这些地点的空气污染物数据已经在公共领域提供(污染防治委员会在线网站)。在工作日和周末记录轻型机动车辆(LMV)和重型机动车辆(HMV)的车辆频率。通过相关分析研究了机动车频率与大气污染物的关系。研究显示,德里东部的交通负荷最高,其次是北部、西部、南部和中部。我们发现粉尘污染、PM10 (r = 0.8)和PM2.5 (r = 0.6)与车辆频率呈正相关(r = -0.5),与臭氧呈负相关(r = -0.5)。与NOx呈弱正相关(r = 0.2),与SO2呈弱负相关(r = -0.3)。该研究表明,汽车尾气及其移动导致了德里空气质量的恶化。我们的研究结果建议促进公共交通的使用,同时实施BS-VI阶段车辆,并在种植本地树种的道路沿线开发植被过滤器。
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引用次数: 1
Nitrogen Removal and Sludge Reduction in Anoxic-Aerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor with Alkaline-H2O2 Disintegration 碱性- h2o2分解厌氧-好氧序批式反应器的脱氮及污泥减量
Pub Date : 2022-10-21 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2022-0035
E. Gürtekin
Abstract In this study, alkaline-H2O2 sludge disintegration was combined with anoxic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The carbon obtained by alkaline-H2O2 sludge disintegration was used in the denitrification process and sludge reduction was achieved in the SBR process. In the SBR process, a 9 % increase in nitrogen removal efficiency was achieved with the improvement in the denitrification process. A sludge reduction efficiency of 43 % was obtained in the SBR process with alkaline-H2O2 sludge disintegration. A synergistic effect was obtained in the combination of alkaline and H2O2 methods and the sludge reduction increased by 8 %. By combining sludge disintegration into the SBR process, it is possible to reduce the amount of sludge formed, which is an important environmental problem, and to provide carbon source for the denitrification process.
摘要本研究将碱性- h2o2污泥分解与厌氧-好氧序批式反应器(SBR)相结合。碱- h2o2污泥分解获得的碳用于反硝化工艺,并在SBR工艺中实现污泥减量。在SBR工艺中,随着反硝化工艺的改进,脱氮效率提高了9%。采用碱- h2o2分解SBR工艺,污泥减量率达43%。碱法与H2O2法联合使用,污泥减量提高8%。通过将污泥分解结合到SBR工艺中,可以减少污泥的形成量,这是一个重要的环境问题,并为反硝化过程提供碳源。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainable Innovation on Urban Landscape Construction and Ecological Water Environment Governance Process 城市景观建设的可持续创新与生态水环境治理进程
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2022-0021
Ke Li
Abstract In recent years, various cities have continued to build urban landscapes with typical characteristics, but most of the urban landscape constructions are too similar. There is even a problem that the urban landscape is not recognised by the local people, and the same is true for the problem of ecological water governance. This article aims to study the sustainable innovation of urban landscape construction and ecological water environment governance process. To this end, this article proposes fuzzy comprehensive evaluation criteria and goals, through this evaluation system to evaluate the urban landscape construction and ecological water environment management process, and at the same time design experiments to investigate. The experimental results of this paper show that the evaluation system can help improve the urban landscape construction and ecological water environment management. At the same time, the analysis results show that under this evaluation system, urban residents’ satisfaction with the urban landscape has increased by 47 %. At the same time, the effect of water treatment has also been improved, with an improvement effect of 31 %. For the actual governance process, the effect is huge.
近年来,各城市不断建设具有典型特色的城市景观,但大多数城市景观建设过于相似。甚至出现了城市景观不被当地人认可的问题,生态水治理问题也是如此。本文旨在研究城市景观建设的可持续创新与生态水环境治理过程。为此,本文提出模糊综合评价标准和目标,通过该评价体系对城市景观建设和生态水环境治理过程进行评价,同时设计实验进行调查。实验结果表明,该评价体系有助于改善城市景观建设和生态水环境管理。同时,分析结果表明,在该评价体系下,城市居民对城市景观的满意度提高了47%。同时,水处理效果也得到了提高,改善效果达31%。对于实际的治理过程,影响是巨大的。
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引用次数: 0
Study on Cutting Cultivation Technology and Rooting Mechanism of Cyclocarya paliurus 柳青扦插栽培技术及生根机理研究
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2022-0027
Wanxia Yang, Jiaqi Zhuang, Siyu Ding, Mei Zhang, Yuan Tian, Shi-Peng Wan, S. Fang
Abstract Cyclocarya paliurus is an important rare and multipurpose tree species in China. In view of the difficulty of asexual propagation of Cyclocarya paliurus, this paper explores the technical system of Cyclocarya paliurus cutting propagation from the aspects of cutting collection position and time, tannin removal pretreatment, hormone treatment, sand storage treatment, cutting matrix, environmental factors and physical factors, and discusses its internal physiological changes in the process of cutting rooting. This paper attempts to clarify the physiological characteristics of Cyclocarya paliurus in the process of cutting propagation and rooting. The results of this study can provide technical support and theoretical basis for the cuttings propagation of Cyclocarya paliurus. The results show that the rooting rate of cuttings inserted on the mixture of perlite and vermiculite is up to 32.2 %. In summer, when the middle and upper parts of branches were treated with 300 mg/L rooting powder No. 1 and GGR-6 (Green Growth Regulator-6) mixture, the rooting rate was up to 44.4 %; in winter, the rooting rate of the base of branches was 36.7 % under the same treatment. During the rooting process of Cyclocarya paliurus, a large number of nutrients such as soluble sugar, starch and soluble protein were consumed. SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), POD (Peroxidase), and PPO (Polyphenol oxidase) are closely related to cutting and rooting. High activity SOD and POD are conducive to the expansion of cuttings, and high activity SOD and PPO are conducive to improving the stress resistance of cuttings. Hormone treatment can improve the enzyme activity and make the enzyme activity change in the direction conducive to rooting. The change of endogenous hormone content in cuttings reflects the rooting ability of Cyclocarya paliurus. Substrate heating and hormone treatment can regulate the content of endogenous hormone in cuttings during the rooting process, so as to affect the rooting effect, the stable total nitrogen content in cuttings was conducive to root formation.
摘要青柳树是中国重要的稀有多用途树种。针对绿跑石无性繁殖困难的问题,从采伐位置和时间、去单宁预处理、激素处理、蓄沙处理、扦插基质、环境因素、物理因素等方面探讨了绿跑石扦插繁殖的技术体系,探讨了其扦插生根过程中的内在生理变化。本文试图阐明柳青扦插繁殖和生根过程中的生理特征。本研究结果可为青环兰扦插繁殖提供技术支持和理论依据。结果表明,插插在珍珠岩和蛭石混合物上的插条生根率可达32.2%。夏季,枝条中上部分别用300 mg/L生根粉1号和绿色生长调节剂-6 (Green Growth regulation -6)混合物处理,生根率可达44.4%;冬季相同处理下,枝条基部生根率为36.7%。青柳根在生根过程中消耗了大量的可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白质等营养物质。SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、POD(过氧化物酶)和PPO(多酚氧化酶)与扦插生根密切相关。高活性的SOD和POD有利于岩屑膨胀,高活性的SOD和PPO有利于提高岩屑的抗逆性。激素处理能提高酶活性,使酶活性向有利于生根的方向变化。插条内源激素含量的变化反映了柳条的生根能力。基质加热和激素处理可调节生根过程中插条内源激素含量,从而影响生根效果,稳定的插条全氮含量有利于根系形成。
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引用次数: 2
Research on Rural Environmental Pollution Control Path Under Administrative Intervention Mechanism 行政干预机制下农村环境污染治理路径研究
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2022-0028
Lei Wu, C. Wang
Abstract With the continuous development of urbanisation, the economic level of rural areas has improved greatly. However, due to the development of industry and the leap in the economy, the rural environment has suffered unprecedented damage. Taking Zhejiang Province as an example, this paper explores the rural environmental pollution control path under the government intervention mechanism. Firstly, it analyses the functions of the government in rural environmental pollution control. Then, taking Huzhou as an example, this paper empirically evaluates the willingness to pay for the treatment of living environment pollution in rural areas of Huzhou based on the CVM (Contingent Valuation Method) and analyses the decentralised domestic sewage treatment mode, multi household domestic sewage treatment mode, and waste collaborative treatment mode from the perspective of treatment technology and policy system. Finally, it is proposed that to speed up the governance of the rural environment, and we must strengthen the administrative intervention of the government in rural environmental governance. The government should improve the environmental protection awareness of leaders at all levels and the masses and enrich farmers’ environmental governance knowledge and technical training. Based on the theory of environmental economics, agricultural economics, and decision-making behaviour, this paper analyses the influence mechanism of farmers’ decision-making behaviour and government intervention in rural non-point source pollution control.
随着城市化的不断发展,农村的经济水平有了很大的提高。然而,由于工业的发展和经济的飞跃,农村环境受到了前所未有的破坏。本文以浙江省为例,探索政府干预机制下的农村环境污染治理路径。首先,分析了政府在农村环境污染治理中的作用。然后,以湖州市为例,基于条件价值法(CVM)对湖州市农村生活环境污染治理的支付意愿进行实证评估,并从处理技术和政策体系的角度对分散式生活污水处理模式、多户生活污水处理模式和垃圾协同处理模式进行分析。最后,提出要加快农村环境治理,必须加强政府对农村环境治理的行政干预。政府要提高各级领导和群众的环境保护意识,丰富农民环境治理知识和技术培训。基于环境经济学、农业经济学和决策行为理论,分析了农民决策行为和政府干预对农村面源污染治理的影响机制。
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引用次数: 3
Research on the Impacts of Information Capacity on Farmers’ Green Prevention and Control Technology Adoption 信息能力对农户绿色防控技术采用的影响研究
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2022-0022
Q. Wu, Shujie Gao, Xulong Wang, Yushuai Zhao
Abstract This study was carried out to reveal the key factors affecting farmers’ green prevention and control technology adoption and to deeply analyse the influence of different generations of farmers’ information capacity on green prevention and control technology adoption. Based on the survey data of 509 farmers in Liaoning Province and the probit model and logit model, this paper conducted an empirical analysis of the farmers’ green prevention and control technology adoption, and analysed the differences in farmers’ adoption of green prevention and control technology from the perspective of intergenerational difference. The research results show as follows: First, information capacity has a significant positive impact on farmers’ green prevention and control technology adoption; Second, the influence of information capacity on the green prevention and control technology adoption of different generations of farmers is different. Information consciousness has more significant influences on farmers in the new and middle-generations; information needs have more significant influences on farmers in the new and old generations; information use only has significant influences on farmers in the middle-generation. Therefore, in order to increase the probability of farmers’ green prevention and control technology adoption, it is necessary to not only pay attention to the influence of farmers’ information capacity, but also fully consider the different stages of the life cycle of different generations of farmers and their own endowment differences.
摘要本研究旨在揭示影响农户绿色防控技术采用的关键因素,深入分析不同代际农户信息能力对绿色防控技术采用的影响。本文基于辽宁省509名农户的调查数据,运用probit模型和logit模型,对农户绿色防治技术采用情况进行实证分析,从代际差异的角度分析农户绿色防治技术采用的差异。研究结果表明:第一,信息能力对农户绿色防控技术采用具有显著的正向影响;第二,信息能力对不同代际农民采用绿色防控技术的影响是不同的。信息意识对新、中一代农民的影响更为显著;信息需求对新老一代农民的影响更为显著;信息使用仅对中青年农民有显著影响。因此,要提高农民采用绿色防控技术的概率,既要关注农民信息能力的影响,又要充分考虑不同代际农民生命周期的不同阶段和自身禀赋差异。
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引用次数: 4
Research on Coping Behaviour of School Sports Participants in Smog Environment Based on Risk Cognition and Communication 基于风险认知与沟通的雾霾环境下学校体育参与者应对行为研究
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2022-0026
Xianjia Zhao, Shijia Fang
Abstract In recent years, smog has become one of the most disastrous weather events in China, hurting daily life and seriously affecting public health. To explore the school sports participants in a smog environment based on risk cognition and communication. This study used literature, questionnaire, and other research methods to deeply understand the current situation of school physical education in the haze weather environment. The spatial autocorrelation index tested the spatial agglomeration characteristics of smog pollution. As was evidenced, sports in a smog environment can cause physical discomfort and mild psychological stress. The significant difference in maximal oxygen uptake was p < 0.01. The level of students’ perception of smog positively correlates with students’ active of physical exercise, and it has a significant predictive effect. The explanatory power of smog perception level to resisting coping behaviour is 49.5 % (R2 = 0.495, P < 0.001). Under the influence of smog, participants in school sports activities showed high smog risk cognition and weak coping behaviour, and schools showed low smog risk communication. Experience and policy supervision explain 50.1 % of the information on risk communication influencing factors, with high explanatory power. One can conclude that outdoor teaching and practice in physical education classes should be carried out because the outdoor air does not influence the human body to enhance physical fitness and health.
近年来,雾霾已成为中国最具灾害性的天气事件之一,危害着人们的日常生活,严重影响着公众健康。探讨雾霾环境下学校体育参与者的风险认知与沟通。本研究采用文献资料法、问卷调查法等研究方法,深入了解雾霾天气环境下学校体育教学的现状。空间自相关指数检验了雾霾污染的空间集聚特征。有证据表明,在雾霾环境中运动可能会导致身体不适和轻微的心理压力。最大摄氧量差异有统计学意义(p < 0.01)。学生雾霾感知水平与学生体育锻炼积极性呈正相关,具有显著的预测作用。雾霾感知水平对抵抗应对行为的解释力为49.5% (R2 = 0.495, P < 0.001)。受雾霾影响,学校体育活动参与者雾霾风险认知较高,应对行为较弱,学校雾霾风险沟通较低。经验和政策监管解释了50.1%的风险沟通影响因素信息,具有较高的解释力。可以得出结论,在体育课中应该进行户外教学和实践,因为室外空气对人体没有影响,可以增强体质和健康。
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引用次数: 0
Corporate Environmental Management and Sustainable Operation: Theory and Application 企业环境管理与可持续经营:理论与应用
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2022-0020
Wei Liu, S. Tsai, Chia-Huei Wu, Xuefeng Shao, M. Wacławek
Abstract Industrial pollution and over-exploitation of natural resources adversely affect the environment and are also a serious threat to society and economy development. At present, climate change, destruction of the ozone layer, water shortage, and sharp reduction of biodiversity have also become widespread environmental problems. Therefore, people have started to explore how to solve the environmental pollution problems in the process of economic development from corporate environmental management. In addition to corporate environmental management, we also focus on the study of sustainable operation. Improving operational efficiency can also effectively reduce environmental pollution and promote sustainable development. This special issue of Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S (ECE S) collects 10 articles focusing on challenges and issues in corporate environmental management and sustainable operation, aiming to share and discuss the latest advances and future trends of theories and applications in academia, promote innovation in rural economic development models, improve the ecological environment, and bring practical insights and experiences to industry developers.
工业污染和对自然资源的过度开发对环境产生了不良影响,对社会经济发展也构成了严重威胁。目前,气候变化、臭氧层破坏、水资源短缺、生物多样性急剧减少也成为普遍存在的环境问题。因此,人们开始从企业环境管理入手,探索如何解决经济发展过程中的环境污染问题。除了企业环境管理,我们也注重可持续经营的研究。提高运营效率还能有效减少环境污染,促进可持续发展。本期《生态化学与工程S》(ECE S)特刊收录10篇文章,聚焦企业环境管理和可持续经营面临的挑战和问题,旨在分享和探讨学术界理论和应用的最新进展和未来趋势,推动农村经济发展模式创新,改善生态环境,为行业开发者带来实践见解和经验。
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引用次数: 14
Evaluation System of Rural Sustainable Tourism Land Based on Ecosystem Service Value 基于生态系统服务价值的乡村可持续旅游用地评价体系
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2022-0025
Rong Mei, Lirong Han
Abstract With the development of the economy, people’s living standards are getting higher and higher. People will look for ways to relax after busy work, and rural tourism is a slow-paced life. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the evaluation system of rural sustainable tourism land based on ecosystem service value. In this paper, an evaluation model based on AHP and association rules is proposed, and the two methods are described in detail. The experimental results of this paper show that the number of tourists has increased from 12 % in 2014 to 24.9 % in 2020, and the growth rate of tourism revenue has increased from 24 % in 2014 to 30 % in 2020. Rural tourism is an important part of tourism and an important force to implement the strategy of rural revitalisation. It plays an important role in accelerating the modernisation of agriculture and rural areas, the integrated development of urban and rural areas, and poverty alleviation in poor areas. The number of farm stays has increased from 1.9 million in 2014 to 3.25 million in 2020. It can be seen that with the growth of time, the rapid development of the economy, and increasing people who love to travel, this has led to changes in the utilisation rate of rural land. Therefore, the research on the evaluation system of rural sustainable tourism land based on ecosystem service value is very meaningful.
随着经济的发展,人们的生活水平越来越高。人们会在忙碌的工作之余寻找放松的方式,而乡村旅游是一种慢节奏的生活。本文旨在分析基于生态系统服务价值的乡村可持续旅游用地评价体系。本文提出了一种基于AHP和关联规则的评价模型,并对两种方法进行了详细的描述。本文的实验结果表明,游客数量从2014年的12%增长到2020年的24.9%,旅游收入增长率从2014年的24%增长到2020年的30%。乡村旅游是旅游业的重要组成部分,是实施乡村振兴战略的重要力量。对加快推进农业农村现代化、促进城乡一体化发展、促进贫困地区脱贫攻坚具有重要作用。农场停留的人数从2014年的190万增加到2020年的325万。可以看出,随着时间的增长,经济的快速发展,越来越多的人喜欢旅游,这导致了农村土地利用率的变化。因此,研究基于生态系统服务价值的乡村可持续旅游用地评价体系具有十分重要的意义。
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引用次数: 1
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Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S
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