Abstract The objective of this work is to assess the contamination of the Essouk stream, under acid drainage from the Sidi Kambar mine (southwest of Skikda, Algeria), which has been widely exploited during the previous decades. The methodology was conducted to control the current state of water chemistry, its evolution in space and time according to the variation of water physicochemical parameters and the content of trace metals (Pb, Fe, and Zn). In general, Essouk stream are highly sulphated (reached 598.56 mg/L) and have an elevated salinity, resulting in a high conductivity (1925 µS/cm) and presented a low pH (3.01). In addition, Fe, Pb and Zn contents reached 5.17 mg/L, 2.05 mg/L and 4.05 mg/L, respectively. Such results were linked to the bedrock of Sidi Kambar that is composed of galena, pyrite and sphalerite.
{"title":"Surface Water Contamination by Mining Wastes: Case of the Sidi Kambar Region (Skikda North-East Algeria)","authors":"F. Fekrache, K. Boudeffa","doi":"10.2478/eces-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this work is to assess the contamination of the Essouk stream, under acid drainage from the Sidi Kambar mine (southwest of Skikda, Algeria), which has been widely exploited during the previous decades. The methodology was conducted to control the current state of water chemistry, its evolution in space and time according to the variation of water physicochemical parameters and the content of trace metals (Pb, Fe, and Zn). In general, Essouk stream are highly sulphated (reached 598.56 mg/L) and have an elevated salinity, resulting in a high conductivity (1925 µS/cm) and presented a low pH (3.01). In addition, Fe, Pb and Zn contents reached 5.17 mg/L, 2.05 mg/L and 4.05 mg/L, respectively. Such results were linked to the bedrock of Sidi Kambar that is composed of galena, pyrite and sphalerite.","PeriodicalId":11395,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S","volume":"56 1","pages":"49 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79112665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract There have been various environmental issues in the treatment and resource utilisation of solid waste of livestock and poultry industry in Gansu Province. Thus, in this study, manure of cattle, pig, and chicken from farms near the Lanzhou University of Technology in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province were selected as raw materials for composting using 10 % corn stalk as a leavening agent for aerobic static composting. This study focused on bacterial, fungal, and actinomycetes community succession during livestock manure composting and the underlying microbial degradation mechanism. The results demonstrated that during livestock manure composting, the number of the above-mentioned types of microbes was all positively correlated with the temperature of the compost piles. In the initial stage of composting, the number of microbes increased as the temperature increased, and reached the peaks at the highest temperature, after which, their numbers decreased with the decrease in temperature. At the end of composting, in the cattle, pig, and chicken manure compost piles, the number of bacteria were respectively (3.1 ±1.0) · 109 CFU·g−1 d.w., (4.4 ±1.0) · 109 CFU·g−1 d.w. and (6.7 ±1.8) · 109 CFU·g−1 d.w., respectively, those of fungi were (8.6 ±1.2) · 104 CFU·g−1 d.w., (7.2 ±1.6) · 104 CFU·g−1 d.w. and (8.0 ±2.8) · 104 CFU·g−1 d.w., respectively, while those of actinomycetes were (8.8 ±2.2) · 106 CFU·g−1 d.w., (9.5 ±2.1) · 106 CFU·g−1 d.w. and (6.32 ±0.98) · 106 CFU·g−1 d.w., respectively.
{"title":"Study on the Ecological Succession of Microbial Communities During Hot Composting of Livestock Manure","authors":"X. Zhen, T. Dong, Jia Liu, Miao Luo, Shun-Jie Li","doi":"10.2478/eces-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There have been various environmental issues in the treatment and resource utilisation of solid waste of livestock and poultry industry in Gansu Province. Thus, in this study, manure of cattle, pig, and chicken from farms near the Lanzhou University of Technology in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province were selected as raw materials for composting using 10 % corn stalk as a leavening agent for aerobic static composting. This study focused on bacterial, fungal, and actinomycetes community succession during livestock manure composting and the underlying microbial degradation mechanism. The results demonstrated that during livestock manure composting, the number of the above-mentioned types of microbes was all positively correlated with the temperature of the compost piles. In the initial stage of composting, the number of microbes increased as the temperature increased, and reached the peaks at the highest temperature, after which, their numbers decreased with the decrease in temperature. At the end of composting, in the cattle, pig, and chicken manure compost piles, the number of bacteria were respectively (3.1 ±1.0) · 109 CFU·g−1 d.w., (4.4 ±1.0) · 109 CFU·g−1 d.w. and (6.7 ±1.8) · 109 CFU·g−1 d.w., respectively, those of fungi were (8.6 ±1.2) · 104 CFU·g−1 d.w., (7.2 ±1.6) · 104 CFU·g−1 d.w. and (8.0 ±2.8) · 104 CFU·g−1 d.w., respectively, while those of actinomycetes were (8.8 ±2.2) · 106 CFU·g−1 d.w., (9.5 ±2.1) · 106 CFU·g−1 d.w. and (6.32 ±0.98) · 106 CFU·g−1 d.w., respectively.","PeriodicalId":11395,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S","volume":"71 1","pages":"79 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76010898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Driven by national policies and international competitions, China’s winter sports and industry development will enter a new course. How to release the enormous potential skiing demand in China is significant to drive 300 million people to participate in winter sports and promote the development of China’s ice and snow industry, and defining the restrictive factors is a necessary prerequisite to realise the effective transformation of potential demand to actual growth power. Based on the in-depth information, this paper further analyses the influence of environmental factors on the development of winter sports. The research shows that the number of skiers about 20 times is the highest, up to 75.5 %, followed by the number of skiers about five times, up to 67.4 %. Then about ten times accounted for 48.6 %, and finally, about 15 times accounted for 37.6 %. This frequency can fully satisfy skiing enthusiasts to enjoy leisure activities, experience modern life fashion, use skiing to increase social opportunities, delight body and mind, and improve health. Based on the in-depth information, this paper reveals the shortcomings and existing environmental factors of China’s winter sports development. It provides a reference for the rational utilisation and development of ice and snow resources and the scientific and practical development of China’s winter sports.
{"title":"Model of Deep Information Environmental Factors on the Development of ICE and Snow Sports","authors":"Yongguo Zhu, Qiao Li, Zhanpeng Ying, Shuxin Tian","doi":"10.2478/eces-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Driven by national policies and international competitions, China’s winter sports and industry development will enter a new course. How to release the enormous potential skiing demand in China is significant to drive 300 million people to participate in winter sports and promote the development of China’s ice and snow industry, and defining the restrictive factors is a necessary prerequisite to realise the effective transformation of potential demand to actual growth power. Based on the in-depth information, this paper further analyses the influence of environmental factors on the development of winter sports. The research shows that the number of skiers about 20 times is the highest, up to 75.5 %, followed by the number of skiers about five times, up to 67.4 %. Then about ten times accounted for 48.6 %, and finally, about 15 times accounted for 37.6 %. This frequency can fully satisfy skiing enthusiasts to enjoy leisure activities, experience modern life fashion, use skiing to increase social opportunities, delight body and mind, and improve health. Based on the in-depth information, this paper reveals the shortcomings and existing environmental factors of China’s winter sports development. It provides a reference for the rational utilisation and development of ice and snow resources and the scientific and practical development of China’s winter sports.","PeriodicalId":11395,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S","volume":"66 1","pages":"133 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72868642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The development of industrial Internet technology enterprises plays an important supporting role in green water and green mountains, as a forestry industry with both economic value and ecological value. at present, it is facing a good opportunity for development. However, industrial Internet technology enterprises are faced with many risks, such as long investment cycle, low comparative income, and their ecological value is easy to be ignored. Based on FCFF model and LINEST function, this paper studies the enterprise value evaluation and ecological development. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the economic value of industrial Internet technology enterprises is greatly affected by non-financial factors; (2) the excess income of industrial Internet technology enterprises is affected by ecological improvement. (3) under the background of green finance, the comprehensive operation ability of enterprises can be effectively improved through internal control of enterprises, formulation of government laws and supervision of social enterprises. This study has important theoretical and practical significance for China to scientifically and reasonably evaluate the value of industrial Internet technology enterprises.
{"title":"The Interaction and Coupling Between Enterprise Value Evaluation and Regional Ecological Environment","authors":"Guopeng Zhang, Xin-Ran Chen, Zhi-Ren Li","doi":"10.2478/eces-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The development of industrial Internet technology enterprises plays an important supporting role in green water and green mountains, as a forestry industry with both economic value and ecological value. at present, it is facing a good opportunity for development. However, industrial Internet technology enterprises are faced with many risks, such as long investment cycle, low comparative income, and their ecological value is easy to be ignored. Based on FCFF model and LINEST function, this paper studies the enterprise value evaluation and ecological development. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the economic value of industrial Internet technology enterprises is greatly affected by non-financial factors; (2) the excess income of industrial Internet technology enterprises is affected by ecological improvement. (3) under the background of green finance, the comprehensive operation ability of enterprises can be effectively improved through internal control of enterprises, formulation of government laws and supervision of social enterprises. This study has important theoretical and practical significance for China to scientifically and reasonably evaluate the value of industrial Internet technology enterprises.","PeriodicalId":11395,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S","volume":"37 1","pages":"125 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81525718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper presents selected aspects of calculations and modelling of variograms from measurements of soil surface magnetic susceptibility for rapid screening of surface soil contamination with Technogenic Magnetic Particles (TMP). In particular, the methodology of variogram analysis in the case of multiple magnetometric measurements in one measurement location with the use of the MS2D Bartington sensor was discussed. A new approach to analysing such measurements was proposed that allows determining and using the nugget effect from standard, already existing measurements. This is of key importance for the quality of spatial analyses, and thus the screening results obtained by means of field magnetometry. In the paper, it was shown, step by step, that averaging the measurements performed at one measurement point during the calculation of the empirical variograms does not result in the loss of information on spatial variability in the microscale. As it was calculated non-averaged measurements were characterised by the nugget-to-sill ratio of about 96 % which was much higher than in the case of averaged measurements (close to 0 %). A range of correlation was similar in both cases and was equal to about 300 m - 400 m. The local variogram revealed a range of correlation of about 80 cm. As a result, the screening results are more reliable than is the case with the traditional procedure. An additional advantage of the work was the performance of all calculations in free R software.
{"title":"On the Influence of the Nugget Effect on the Efficiency of Magnetometric Soil Surface Screening","authors":"J. Zawadzki, P. Fabijańczyk","doi":"10.2478/eces-2022-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2022-0038","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents selected aspects of calculations and modelling of variograms from measurements of soil surface magnetic susceptibility for rapid screening of surface soil contamination with Technogenic Magnetic Particles (TMP). In particular, the methodology of variogram analysis in the case of multiple magnetometric measurements in one measurement location with the use of the MS2D Bartington sensor was discussed. A new approach to analysing such measurements was proposed that allows determining and using the nugget effect from standard, already existing measurements. This is of key importance for the quality of spatial analyses, and thus the screening results obtained by means of field magnetometry. In the paper, it was shown, step by step, that averaging the measurements performed at one measurement point during the calculation of the empirical variograms does not result in the loss of information on spatial variability in the microscale. As it was calculated non-averaged measurements were characterised by the nugget-to-sill ratio of about 96 % which was much higher than in the case of averaged measurements (close to 0 %). A range of correlation was similar in both cases and was equal to about 300 m - 400 m. The local variogram revealed a range of correlation of about 80 cm. As a result, the screening results are more reliable than is the case with the traditional procedure. An additional advantage of the work was the performance of all calculations in free R software.","PeriodicalId":11395,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S","volume":"12 1","pages":"525 - 535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85370347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Mohammadi Ziarani, Mahdieh Khademi, Fatemeh Mohajer, A. Badiei, R. Varma
Abstract 2,2-bis(1H-indol-3-yl)acenaphthylene-1(2H)-ones were synthesised by the reaction of acenaphthenequinone and 2 equivalents of indole using Fe3O4@SiO2@Si-Pr-NH-CH2CH2NH2 as the basic magnetic nanocatalyst, assembled under greener and sustainable conditions in high purity and yields. Furthermore, the photoluminescence properties of 2,2-bis(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acenaphthylene-1(2H)-one were exploited for the sensing of copper ions in the mixed solvent systems comprising H2O and CH3CN in excitation wavelength at 410 nm with a detection limit of 9.5 ∙ 10–6 M.
{"title":"The Synthesis of 2,2-BIS(1-INDOL-3-YL)Acenaphthylene-1(2)-Ones Using Nanocatalysis: Fluorescent Sensing for Cu2+ Ions","authors":"G. Mohammadi Ziarani, Mahdieh Khademi, Fatemeh Mohajer, A. Badiei, R. Varma","doi":"10.2478/eces-2022-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2022-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract 2,2-bis(1H-indol-3-yl)acenaphthylene-1(2H)-ones were synthesised by the reaction of acenaphthenequinone and 2 equivalents of indole using Fe3O4@SiO2@Si-Pr-NH-CH2CH2NH2 as the basic magnetic nanocatalyst, assembled under greener and sustainable conditions in high purity and yields. Furthermore, the photoluminescence properties of 2,2-bis(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acenaphthylene-1(2H)-one were exploited for the sensing of copper ions in the mixed solvent systems comprising H2O and CH3CN in excitation wavelength at 410 nm with a detection limit of 9.5 ∙ 10–6 M.","PeriodicalId":11395,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S","volume":"23 1","pages":"463 - 475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83852498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper presents the effect of selected alcohols on the fluidity of liposome membranes obtained in sonication of DPPC lecithin. Using the EPR technique, the duality of propanol, n-butanol and pentanol on the behaviour of the aqueous dispersion of liposomes was demonstrated. It was shown that after exceeding a certain concentration, these alcohols initiate dispersion foaming, leading to phase separation: liposome dispersion - lipid foam. The influence of the shape of the molecule and the length of hydrocarbon chains on the effectiveness of destabilisation of the structure of lipid membranes was indicated.
{"title":"The Impact of Propanol, N-Butanol and Pentanol on Aqueous Dispersions of Sonicated Liposomes. EPR Study","authors":"Agnieszka Bartnikowska, B. Pytel, D. Man","doi":"10.2478/eces-2022-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2022-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the effect of selected alcohols on the fluidity of liposome membranes obtained in sonication of DPPC lecithin. Using the EPR technique, the duality of propanol, n-butanol and pentanol on the behaviour of the aqueous dispersion of liposomes was demonstrated. It was shown that after exceeding a certain concentration, these alcohols initiate dispersion foaming, leading to phase separation: liposome dispersion - lipid foam. The influence of the shape of the molecule and the length of hydrocarbon chains on the effectiveness of destabilisation of the structure of lipid membranes was indicated.","PeriodicalId":11395,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S","volume":"87 1","pages":"565 - 579"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87439725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Marrouchi, Moufida Abdennadher, W. Feki-Sahnoun, Zeineb Marzougui, I. Hamza, A. Hamza, R. Kharrat
Abstract As part of the routine control of the Tunisian network for the monitoring of the most problematic microalgae species Karenia selliformis and Alexandrium minutum and for the study of hydrophilic and lipophilic marine biotoxin profiles, clams and seawater samples from Boughrara lagoon were analysed during the past decade. The results showed that the abundance of Karenia selliformis and Alexandrium minutum in the Boughrara lagoon exhibited significant variability at annual scales. K. selliformis was recorded in all sampling years with interannual variability. Among the nine sampled years, 2010, 2012, 2016 and 2017 were, respectively, the most significant in terms of mean abundance (2.85, 2.42, 1.38, 1.69) ∙ 105 cells L–1. A. minutum species were observed in the water column during all investigated years except in 2013, 2016 and 2017, but in low concentrations compared to K. selliformis (≤ 7.4 ∙ 102 cells L–1). Using LC-FLD, traces of paralytic toxins (C1 and GTX-2) were detected in some clam samples. Their concentrations were largely below the regulatory limit. For the first time, N-sulfocarbamoyl gonyautoxin-2 (C-1) and gonyautoxin 2 (GTX-2) were detected in some clam samples from this region. LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of gymnodimines in some samples. The main peak corresponds to the GYM-A with high concentrations generally above 1 mg kg–1 of clams meat, which confirms the persistence of this neurotoxin in Boughrara lagoon.
{"title":"Marine Biotoxin Profile and Karenia selliformis and Alexandrium minitum Occurrence in Boughrara Lagoon During the Last Decade","authors":"R. Marrouchi, Moufida Abdennadher, W. Feki-Sahnoun, Zeineb Marzougui, I. Hamza, A. Hamza, R. Kharrat","doi":"10.2478/eces-2022-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2022-0037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As part of the routine control of the Tunisian network for the monitoring of the most problematic microalgae species Karenia selliformis and Alexandrium minutum and for the study of hydrophilic and lipophilic marine biotoxin profiles, clams and seawater samples from Boughrara lagoon were analysed during the past decade. The results showed that the abundance of Karenia selliformis and Alexandrium minutum in the Boughrara lagoon exhibited significant variability at annual scales. K. selliformis was recorded in all sampling years with interannual variability. Among the nine sampled years, 2010, 2012, 2016 and 2017 were, respectively, the most significant in terms of mean abundance (2.85, 2.42, 1.38, 1.69) ∙ 105 cells L–1. A. minutum species were observed in the water column during all investigated years except in 2013, 2016 and 2017, but in low concentrations compared to K. selliformis (≤ 7.4 ∙ 102 cells L–1). Using LC-FLD, traces of paralytic toxins (C1 and GTX-2) were detected in some clam samples. Their concentrations were largely below the regulatory limit. For the first time, N-sulfocarbamoyl gonyautoxin-2 (C-1) and gonyautoxin 2 (GTX-2) were detected in some clam samples from this region. LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of gymnodimines in some samples. The main peak corresponds to the GYM-A with high concentrations generally above 1 mg kg–1 of clams meat, which confirms the persistence of this neurotoxin in Boughrara lagoon.","PeriodicalId":11395,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S","volume":"25 1","pages":"501 - 510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76737245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Wolny-Koładka, Lidia Marcińska-Mazur, R. Jarosz, M. Juda, T. Lošák, M. Mierzwa-Hersztek
Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of mineral-organic mixture on changes in the abundance of selected soil microorganisms. The experiment contained: soil with NPK (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus) + 3 % or 6 % lignite (MF+CW3 %, MF+CW6 %) and 3 % zeolite-carbon composite (NaX-C); soil with NPK + 3 % or 6 % leonardite (MF+CL3 %, MF+CL6 %) and 3 % NaX-C; soil without fertilisation (C); soil fertilised with mineral NPK fertilisers (MF). Plants participating in the experiment were spring wheat and spring oilseed rape. The presence of the selected microorganisms was determined: Azotobacter spp., actinomycetes, ammonifiers, bacteria and mold fungi. Using Koch’s serial dilution method, the abundance of selected soil microorganisms was performed. The conducted research allows to conclude that the abundance of detected microorganisms depended on both the applied fertilisation and the plant grown. For the spring oilseed rape, the highest abundance of microorganisms was determined in treatments where fertilisation with lignite mixtures was applied, while for spring wheat, with leonardite mixtures. Increasing (from 3 % to 6 %) the share of lignite and leonardite in fertiliser mixtures did not translate into a proportional growth in the abundance of microorganisms, so such a treatment has no economic justification. Given their alkaline pH, the mixtures used can be a substitute for calcium fertilisers to improve soil properties and, consequently, protect soil organic matter from degradation.
{"title":"Effect of Soil Application of Zeolite-Carbon Composite, Leonardite and Lignite on the Microorganisms","authors":"K. Wolny-Koładka, Lidia Marcińska-Mazur, R. Jarosz, M. Juda, T. Lošák, M. Mierzwa-Hersztek","doi":"10.2478/eces-2022-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2022-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of mineral-organic mixture on changes in the abundance of selected soil microorganisms. The experiment contained: soil with NPK (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus) + 3 % or 6 % lignite (MF+CW3 %, MF+CW6 %) and 3 % zeolite-carbon composite (NaX-C); soil with NPK + 3 % or 6 % leonardite (MF+CL3 %, MF+CL6 %) and 3 % NaX-C; soil without fertilisation (C); soil fertilised with mineral NPK fertilisers (MF). Plants participating in the experiment were spring wheat and spring oilseed rape. The presence of the selected microorganisms was determined: Azotobacter spp., actinomycetes, ammonifiers, bacteria and mold fungi. Using Koch’s serial dilution method, the abundance of selected soil microorganisms was performed. The conducted research allows to conclude that the abundance of detected microorganisms depended on both the applied fertilisation and the plant grown. For the spring oilseed rape, the highest abundance of microorganisms was determined in treatments where fertilisation with lignite mixtures was applied, while for spring wheat, with leonardite mixtures. Increasing (from 3 % to 6 %) the share of lignite and leonardite in fertiliser mixtures did not translate into a proportional growth in the abundance of microorganisms, so such a treatment has no economic justification. Given their alkaline pH, the mixtures used can be a substitute for calcium fertilisers to improve soil properties and, consequently, protect soil organic matter from degradation.","PeriodicalId":11395,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S","volume":"1997 1","pages":"553 - 563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86243399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Draženko Bjelić, B. Malinovic, Dragana Nešković Markić
Abstract Waste transport is just one of the segments in the solid municipal waste management. Throughout the entire waste life cycle, starting by generation of waste, via storing, collecting, transporting, recycling, treating and depositing, several different polluting substances are emitted. The solid waste transport, apropos, transporting vehicles emit into the air different pollution substances such as CO2, CO, NOx, NMVOC, PM, PAHs etc. These substances can present certain problems for human health and environment. The research subject of this study is the analysis of solid waste transportation within the Banja Luka region (B&H), from towns and municipalities belonging to the region and transporting their mixed municipal waste to the Banja Luka landfill. In the analysis, following parameters are included: distance to the landfill, type of vehicle used for the waste transportation, type of the engine, vehicle capacity and the number of tours during a year. The study estimates the emission of CO, NOx, NMVOC, and PM2.5 during one year using the listed parameters and by applying EMEP/EEA guidelines for estimating the emission of polluting substances into the air. The largest emission of polluting substances (CO, NOx, NMVOC and PM2.5) is from the oldest vehicles. The newest vehicles had a significantly lesser emission of these polluting substances into the air. The recommendation for decreasing the emission from the transportation vehicles is to organise the transfer-stations, procure new vehicles, optimise the collection routes and decrease the number of tours, as well as to better the usage of the vehicle capacity level.
{"title":"Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste Transport Vehicles: Case Study Banja Luka Region (B&H)","authors":"Draženko Bjelić, B. Malinovic, Dragana Nešković Markić","doi":"10.2478/eces-2022-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2022-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Waste transport is just one of the segments in the solid municipal waste management. Throughout the entire waste life cycle, starting by generation of waste, via storing, collecting, transporting, recycling, treating and depositing, several different polluting substances are emitted. The solid waste transport, apropos, transporting vehicles emit into the air different pollution substances such as CO2, CO, NOx, NMVOC, PM, PAHs etc. These substances can present certain problems for human health and environment. The research subject of this study is the analysis of solid waste transportation within the Banja Luka region (B&H), from towns and municipalities belonging to the region and transporting their mixed municipal waste to the Banja Luka landfill. In the analysis, following parameters are included: distance to the landfill, type of vehicle used for the waste transportation, type of the engine, vehicle capacity and the number of tours during a year. The study estimates the emission of CO, NOx, NMVOC, and PM2.5 during one year using the listed parameters and by applying EMEP/EEA guidelines for estimating the emission of polluting substances into the air. The largest emission of polluting substances (CO, NOx, NMVOC and PM2.5) is from the oldest vehicles. The newest vehicles had a significantly lesser emission of these polluting substances into the air. The recommendation for decreasing the emission from the transportation vehicles is to organise the transfer-stations, procure new vehicles, optimise the collection routes and decrease the number of tours, as well as to better the usage of the vehicle capacity level.","PeriodicalId":11395,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S","volume":"1 1","pages":"487 - 500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80159087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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