Medical tourism has emerged as a focal point in the realm of global healthcare, generating heightened interest and competitive advantage within the medical industry worldwide. This trend aligns with the increasing focus on tourism development. Within this paradigm, the current qualitative study investigated the relationship between medical tour services and the behavioural intentions exhibited by tourists in Penang. Through semi-structured interviews with five tourists who sought medical tour services in Penang, this study uncovered a multifaceted landscape. The combination of factors from the fields of medical and tourism services shapes tourists’ inclinations. The key factors include the affordability of pricing, the quality of medical services, and the promptness of service provision. Also, tourism service factors, including the attractiveness of tourist attractions, the suitability of accommodations to meet tourist needs, and the provision of well-being programmes, contributed to the increase in medical tourism in Penang. This study has significant implications for improving the service delivery of medical tourism and serves as a reference for future researchers. In conclusion, the study provides a perspective on the relationship between medical tour services and tourists’ behavioural intentions, inviting further exploration into medical tourism in Malaysia.
{"title":"Exploring the Nexus between Healthcare Tourism Services and Tourists’ Behavioural Intentions in Penang: A Comprehensive Analysis","authors":"Nuraini Syakirah Shahabuddin, Siti Aisah Abas, Zaharah MOHAMED RANI, Norhazliza Abd Halim","doi":"10.24191/e-aj.v12isi.24462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/e-aj.v12isi.24462","url":null,"abstract":"Medical tourism has emerged as a focal point in the realm of global healthcare, generating heightened interest and competitive advantage within the medical industry worldwide. This trend aligns with the increasing focus on tourism development. Within this paradigm, the current qualitative study investigated the relationship between medical tour services and the behavioural intentions exhibited by tourists in Penang. Through semi-structured interviews with five tourists who sought medical tour services in Penang, this study uncovered a multifaceted landscape. The combination of factors from the fields of medical and tourism services shapes tourists’ inclinations. The key factors include the affordability of pricing, the quality of medical services, and the promptness of service provision. Also, tourism service factors, including the attractiveness of tourist attractions, the suitability of accommodations to meet tourist needs, and the provision of well-being programmes, contributed to the increase in medical tourism in Penang. This study has significant implications for improving the service delivery of medical tourism and serves as a reference for future researchers. In conclusion, the study provides a perspective on the relationship between medical tour services and tourists’ behavioural intentions, inviting further exploration into medical tourism in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"106 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138958864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of entrepreneurship is widely prevalent in education, particularly at the higher education level, with Indonesia being no exception. The presence of one of the programmes under the Ministry of Education and Culture (Mendikbud), namely the Independent Learning Campus (MBKM), is evidence of the emphasis placed on entrepreneurship. This initiative promotes the incorporation of entrepreneurial courses into the curricula of educational institutions. When developing the curriculum, educational institutions should possess an understanding of the determinants that foster entrepreneurial aspirations. This study aimed to ascertain the determinants that foster entrepreneurial inclinations among students at UC Makassar. The research was undertaken from June to July 2023, focusing on students enrolled at UC Makassar who completed at least one year of study. The study included a total of 34 participants, who were students from various academic disciplines at UC Makassar. The research method employed in this study was a quantitative approach, which was assessed through the SmartPLS software. The findings of this study indicated that the perceived Desirability, Feasibility, and inclination to act are influential factors in fostering entrepreneurial intention among students at UC Makassar.
{"title":"An Analysis of Determinants Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention Among Students at UC Makassar","authors":"Justin Wijaya, Sinar Dharmayana Putra, Novika Ayu Triany, Adindah Novihartina Jafar, Cipta Canggih Perdana, Novalina Gloria Simanungkalit","doi":"10.24191/e-aj.v12isi.24438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/e-aj.v12isi.24438","url":null,"abstract":"The study of entrepreneurship is widely prevalent in education, particularly at the higher education level, with Indonesia being no exception. The presence of one of the programmes under the Ministry of Education and Culture (Mendikbud), namely the Independent Learning Campus (MBKM), is evidence of the emphasis placed on entrepreneurship. This initiative promotes the incorporation of entrepreneurial courses into the curricula of educational institutions. When developing the curriculum, educational institutions should possess an understanding of the determinants that foster entrepreneurial aspirations. This study aimed to ascertain the determinants that foster entrepreneurial inclinations among students at UC Makassar. The research was undertaken from June to July 2023, focusing on students enrolled at UC Makassar who completed at least one year of study. The study included a total of 34 participants, who were students from various academic disciplines at UC Makassar. The research method employed in this study was a quantitative approach, which was assessed through the SmartPLS software. The findings of this study indicated that the perceived Desirability, Feasibility, and inclination to act are influential factors in fostering entrepreneurial intention among students at UC Makassar.","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"57 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.24191/e-aj.v12isi.24463
Khaslinda Akasyah Mujin, Kai Xin Tay
Over the past few years, there has been a gradual yet consistent surge in the utilization of virtual tourism (VT) within the tourism industry despite the challenges posed by the recent COVID-19 outbreak. Similarly, there is a prevailing belief that VT in the educational sector holds considerable value and offers substantial benefits in shaping an innovative educational experience. However, VT is still seen as a new thing in Malaysia’s education sector. Thus, this research aims to examine the undergraduate students’ VT adoption by using Value-based Adoption Model (VAM). Employing a quantitative method, 306 completed questionnaires were analyzed using Stata (version 14.2) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The empirical results revealed that the perceived usefulness and enjoyment were positively affecting the VT behavioural intention. However, the perceived cost was found to be statistically significant and positively affected the behavioural intent of VT. The high cost of using VT shows that sacrifices are required. Therefore, the perceived cost would not be a barrier to students taking up VT. This study was limited to only focusing on examining undergraduate students’ VT behavioural intention. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of VT adoption, future research could consider extending the study to include a wider demographic range. Considering the evolving nature of technology and tourism trends, longitudinal studies could be conducted to track changes in VT adoption patterns over time, providing valuable insights into the long-term impact of VT on the tourism industry.
{"title":"Application of VAM to Examine the Virtual Tourism Adoption among Undergraduate Students in Malaysia","authors":"Khaslinda Akasyah Mujin, Kai Xin Tay","doi":"10.24191/e-aj.v12isi.24463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/e-aj.v12isi.24463","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few years, there has been a gradual yet consistent surge in the utilization of virtual tourism (VT) within the tourism industry despite the challenges posed by the recent COVID-19 outbreak. Similarly, there is a prevailing belief that VT in the educational sector holds considerable value and offers substantial benefits in shaping an innovative educational experience. However, VT is still seen as a new thing in Malaysia’s education sector. Thus, this research aims to examine the undergraduate students’ VT adoption by using Value-based Adoption Model (VAM). Employing a quantitative method, 306 completed questionnaires were analyzed using Stata (version 14.2) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The empirical results revealed that the perceived usefulness and enjoyment were positively affecting the VT behavioural intention. However, the perceived cost was found to be statistically significant and positively affected the behavioural intent of VT. The high cost of using VT shows that sacrifices are required. Therefore, the perceived cost would not be a barrier to students taking up VT. This study was limited to only focusing on examining undergraduate students’ VT behavioural intention. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of VT adoption, future research could consider extending the study to include a wider demographic range. Considering the evolving nature of technology and tourism trends, longitudinal studies could be conducted to track changes in VT adoption patterns over time, providing valuable insights into the long-term impact of VT on the tourism industry.","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139168554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.24191/e-aj.v12isi.25000
Carolina Novi Mustikarini, C. Tanesia, Tony Antonio, Y. Suade, Asriah Syam, Salmah Sharon
The Glass Ceiling Effect is a phenomenon that portrays intangible obstacles often interfering the career advancement of talented people, especially women, to top-level management positions. This article aims to explore the underlying factors of the Glass Ceiling Effect in Indonesia, with a focus on the career challenges faced by women and the barriers in achieving gender equality in the workplace. The study included 100 female respondents working in various sectors. The research findings show that there are several factors reflecting the Glass Ceiling Effect such as Internal Business Structure, Social Challenges, Situational Challenges, and Individual Challenges. On the other hand, the Government Challenge factor does not reflect the Glass Ceiling Effect.
{"title":"From Awareness To Action: Addressing The Underlying Factors Of The Glass Ceiling Effect For Women In Multiple Sectors","authors":"Carolina Novi Mustikarini, C. Tanesia, Tony Antonio, Y. Suade, Asriah Syam, Salmah Sharon","doi":"10.24191/e-aj.v12isi.25000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/e-aj.v12isi.25000","url":null,"abstract":"The Glass Ceiling Effect is a phenomenon that portrays intangible obstacles often interfering the career advancement of talented people, especially women, to top-level management positions. This article aims to explore the underlying factors of the Glass Ceiling Effect in Indonesia, with a focus on the career challenges faced by women and the barriers in achieving gender equality in the workplace. The study included 100 female respondents working in various sectors. The research findings show that there are several factors reflecting the Glass Ceiling Effect such as Internal Business Structure, Social Challenges, Situational Challenges, and Individual Challenges. On the other hand, the Government Challenge factor does not reflect the Glass Ceiling Effect.","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"21 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138955289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.24191/e-aj.v12isi.24441
Michelina David, Tania Maria Tangit, S. H. Mogindol
This study aimed to study the intentions of Malaysian domestic travellers to visit Sabah after the COVID-19 travel restrictions were lifted by exploring the variables of fear of COVID-19, travel anxiety, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and risk attitude. This study utilizes the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to explore factors impacting travel intentions in a post-pandemic context. SPSS and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) were used to analyse the 303 online survey respondents. The study reveals diverse perceptions among Malaysian domestic visitors regarding travel to Sabah after COVID-19 travel restrictions. Fear of COVID-19 and risk attitude were found to have no significant impact on travel intentions. However, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms, and travel anxiety showed significant relationships with travel intention. The findings offer practical implications for tourism stakeholders to develop targeted strategies for attracting and accommodating domestic travellers in Sabah while contributing to existing knowledge in the tourism and educational field. This study incorporated the TPB model by adding more variables, resulting in a more powerful explanation of post-pandemic travel intentions.
{"title":"DOMESTIC VISITORS’ TRAVEL INTENTION TO SABAH POST COVID-19 TRAVEL RESTRICTION","authors":"Michelina David, Tania Maria Tangit, S. H. Mogindol","doi":"10.24191/e-aj.v12isi.24441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/e-aj.v12isi.24441","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to study the intentions of Malaysian domestic travellers to visit Sabah after the COVID-19 travel restrictions were lifted by exploring the variables of fear of COVID-19, travel anxiety, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and risk attitude. This study utilizes the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to explore factors impacting travel intentions in a post-pandemic context. SPSS and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) were used to analyse the 303 online survey respondents. The study reveals diverse perceptions among Malaysian domestic visitors regarding travel to Sabah after COVID-19 travel restrictions. Fear of COVID-19 and risk attitude were found to have no significant impact on travel intentions. However, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms, and travel anxiety showed significant relationships with travel intention. The findings offer practical implications for tourism stakeholders to develop targeted strategies for attracting and accommodating domestic travellers in Sabah while contributing to existing knowledge in the tourism and educational field. This study incorporated the TPB model by adding more variables, resulting in a more powerful explanation of post-pandemic travel intentions.","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138956106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.24191/e-aj.v12isi.24485
Kai Xin Tay Tay, Grace Ing Phang, Jennifer Kim Lian Chan
This study adopted a multi-stage and multi-method approach to identify the river tourism product development and related marketing strategies in Malaysia. Using Smith’s (1994) tourism product model, the study aimed to examine how all five elements of the model contribute to the development of river tourismproducts. The study utilised an inductive approach, incorporating observation and focus group discussions (FGDs) to explore the development of the Putatan-Petagas River tourism product and its marketing strategies. The analysis revealed five themes, categorised into six sections, with physical plants having two sections, including resources and potential areas for river tourism product development, service, hospitality, freedom of choice, and involvement. The findings provide a robust examination of TPD and marketing strategies for river tourism products and highlight the importance of considering all elements of the tourism product model for success. This study offers insights into the development and marketing of river tourism products, which can assist in the planning and promotion of sustainable tourism in Malaysia
{"title":"Developing River Tourism Products and The Marketing Strategies: Observation and Focus Group Discussion Approach","authors":"Kai Xin Tay Tay, Grace Ing Phang, Jennifer Kim Lian Chan","doi":"10.24191/e-aj.v12isi.24485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/e-aj.v12isi.24485","url":null,"abstract":"This study adopted a multi-stage and multi-method approach to identify the river tourism product development and related marketing strategies in Malaysia. Using Smith’s (1994) tourism product model, the study aimed to examine how all five elements of the model contribute to the development of river tourismproducts. The study utilised an inductive approach, incorporating observation and focus group discussions (FGDs) to explore the development of the Putatan-Petagas River tourism product and its marketing strategies. The analysis revealed five themes, categorised into six sections, with physical plants having two sections, including resources and potential areas for river tourism product development, service, hospitality, freedom of choice, and involvement. The findings provide a robust examination of TPD and marketing strategies for river tourism products and highlight the importance of considering all elements of the tourism product model for success. This study offers insights into the development and marketing of river tourism products, which can assist in the planning and promotion of sustainable tourism in Malaysia","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"109 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138958603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-26DOI: 10.24191/e-aj.v12i2.23992
Nurazleena Ismail, Hilmiah Ahmad
Many people claim that they feel burdened with their debt such as personal loans, hire purchases, housing loans, credit cards, and education loans. The burden that they carry has affected their life such as being unable to pay their debts. They want to live in luxury without thinking about the effect that will drag them to bankruptcy because of many factors that occur while managing their consumer debt. Thus, this study aims to examine the relationship between cognitive, emotional, and behavioural, and consumer debt management among government employees. This study is a descriptive study that distributed a questionnaire to collect the data and used SPSS to analyse the data. The target population is individuals who are employees from government organizations who have experienced using credit for their daily spending, purchasing assets, financing, and investing activities. The questionnaires were equally distributed to 100 employees from 10 government organizations from different positions. It found that there is a significant relationship between behavioural and consumer debt management. However, there is no significant relationship between cognitive and emotional consumer debt management. Good debt management improves the behaviour of government employees to pay their debts every month and understand the relationship between solvency and credit history. In contrast, government employees do not seriously think of their debt and are not emotional when making a decision to do financing. Future research is necessary to investigate how culture and socioeconomic status affect cognitive processes in relation to managing debt. Research should also examine how FinTech applications, including budgeting apps and AI-powered financial guidance, impact individuals' cognitive decision-making processes and their debt management results.
{"title":"CONSUMER DEBT MANAGEMENT AMONG GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES: COGNITIVE, EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIOURAL","authors":"Nurazleena Ismail, Hilmiah Ahmad","doi":"10.24191/e-aj.v12i2.23992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/e-aj.v12i2.23992","url":null,"abstract":"Many people claim that they feel burdened with their debt such as personal loans, hire purchases, housing loans, credit cards, and education loans. The burden that they carry has affected their life such as being unable to pay their debts. They want to live in luxury without thinking about the effect that will drag them to bankruptcy because of many factors that occur while managing their consumer debt. Thus, this study aims to examine the relationship between cognitive, emotional, and behavioural, and consumer debt management among government employees. This study is a descriptive study that distributed a questionnaire to collect the data and used SPSS to analyse the data. The target population is individuals who are employees from government organizations who have experienced using credit for their daily spending, purchasing assets, financing, and investing activities. The questionnaires were equally distributed to 100 employees from 10 government organizations from different positions. It found that there is a significant relationship between behavioural and consumer debt management. However, there is no significant relationship between cognitive and emotional consumer debt management. Good debt management improves the behaviour of government employees to pay their debts every month and understand the relationship between solvency and credit history. In contrast, government employees do not seriously think of their debt and are not emotional when making a decision to do financing. Future research is necessary to investigate how culture and socioeconomic status affect cognitive processes in relation to managing debt. Research should also examine how FinTech applications, including budgeting apps and AI-powered financial guidance, impact individuals' cognitive decision-making processes and their debt management results.","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139235643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-26DOI: 10.24191/e-aj.v12i2.23628
Nur Masriyah Hamzah, Syafawati Matkhairuddin
Employees serve as a strategic resource for a company, providing a competitive edge through distinct offerings from its staff. Crafting and implementing a rewards program, encompassing non-monetary inducements, becomes somewhat intricate when striving for mutual gains between the employer and the workforce. To sustain the valuable input of employees, the organization must make substantial investments in meeting their requirements via a comprehensive reward structure. This research aims to uncover the influencing factors of non-financial rewards on employee job satisfaction and establish the correlation between non-financial rewards and job satisfaction. The study focused on employees at the Rubber Industry Smallholders Development Authority office in Selangor as its sample group. A total of 40 questionnaires were distributed, resulting in 36 collected responses that were subsequently analysed. Descriptive analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science version 28. In addition, Pearson correlation and regression analyses were performed to ascertain the connection between the independent and dependent variables. The study's findings indicate that several key factors have a notable impact on employees' job satisfaction. These include receiving formal praise (μ=4.167), understanding employee behaviour (μ=4.028), receiving appropriate recognition (μ=4.000), obtaining continuous feedback (μ=4.000), gaining informal praise (μ=3.944), and frequently receiving recognition from a manager (μ=3.944). Furthermore, the results reveal a strong positive correlation between non-financial rewards and job satisfaction (r (34) = .966, p = .001), thereby supporting hypothesis 1. This suggests that non-financial rewards play a significant role in elevating employees' job satisfaction and potentially enhancing the organisation's overall efficiency. Consequently, the outcomes of this study can serve as a valuable guideline for the RISDA organisation to enhance its reward system, with the potential to fulfil employees' needs and concurrently achieve heightened employee satisfaction.
{"title":"IMPACT OF NON-FINANCIAL REWARDS ON EMPLOYEES' JOB SATISFACTION","authors":"Nur Masriyah Hamzah, Syafawati Matkhairuddin","doi":"10.24191/e-aj.v12i2.23628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/e-aj.v12i2.23628","url":null,"abstract":"Employees serve as a strategic resource for a company, providing a competitive edge through distinct offerings from its staff. Crafting and implementing a rewards program, encompassing non-monetary inducements, becomes somewhat intricate when striving for mutual gains between the employer and the workforce. To sustain the valuable input of employees, the organization must make substantial investments in meeting their requirements via a comprehensive reward structure. This research aims to uncover the influencing factors of non-financial rewards on employee job satisfaction and establish the correlation between non-financial rewards and job satisfaction. The study focused on employees at the Rubber Industry Smallholders Development Authority office in Selangor as its sample group. A total of 40 questionnaires were distributed, resulting in 36 collected responses that were subsequently analysed. Descriptive analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science version 28. In addition, Pearson correlation and regression analyses were performed to ascertain the connection between the independent and dependent variables. The study's findings indicate that several key factors have a notable impact on employees' job satisfaction. These include receiving formal praise (μ=4.167), understanding employee behaviour (μ=4.028), receiving appropriate recognition (μ=4.000), obtaining continuous feedback (μ=4.000), gaining informal praise (μ=3.944), and frequently receiving recognition from a manager (μ=3.944). Furthermore, the results reveal a strong positive correlation between non-financial rewards and job satisfaction (r (34) = .966, p = .001), thereby supporting hypothesis 1. This suggests that non-financial rewards play a significant role in elevating employees' job satisfaction and potentially enhancing the organisation's overall efficiency. Consequently, the outcomes of this study can serve as a valuable guideline for the RISDA organisation to enhance its reward system, with the potential to fulfil employees' needs and concurrently achieve heightened employee satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139236298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-26DOI: 10.24191/e-aj.v12i2.23933
Jing Yi Lui, Elizabeth Ai Lin Voong, M. L. Voon, Tze-Yin Lim
The level of employee engagement maintains a pivotal influence on overall staff and career development, as well as organizational growth. By integrating leadership and social exchange theories, this study assessed whether transformational and transactional leadership styles influence employee engagement in private sector organizations operating in the Tiger Cub Economy of Malaysia. Using snowball sampling, primary data was collected from 203 private sector staff across various industries in Malaysia through the distribution of survey questionnaires. The results of correlation and regression analyses indicated that both transformational and transactional leadership significantly increase employee engagement. Though transactional leadership demonstrated a stronger effect on engagement than transformational leadership, this difference was not statistically significant. The findings enhance the understanding of the extent to which the transformational and transactional leadership styles influence employee engagement in the private sector of a developing economy and country. The implications of the findings for theory and practice are discussed in this paper, along with future research directions.
{"title":"The Dance of Leadership: Unravelling the Impact of Leadership Styles on Employee Engagement in Malaysia's Private Sector","authors":"Jing Yi Lui, Elizabeth Ai Lin Voong, M. L. Voon, Tze-Yin Lim","doi":"10.24191/e-aj.v12i2.23933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/e-aj.v12i2.23933","url":null,"abstract":"The level of employee engagement maintains a pivotal influence on overall staff and career development, as well as organizational growth. By integrating leadership and social exchange theories, this study assessed whether transformational and transactional leadership styles influence employee engagement in private sector organizations operating in the Tiger Cub Economy of Malaysia. Using snowball sampling, primary data was collected from 203 private sector staff across various industries in Malaysia through the distribution of survey questionnaires. The results of correlation and regression analyses indicated that both transformational and transactional leadership significantly increase employee engagement. Though transactional leadership demonstrated a stronger effect on engagement than transformational leadership, this difference was not statistically significant. The findings enhance the understanding of the extent to which the transformational and transactional leadership styles influence employee engagement in the private sector of a developing economy and country. The implications of the findings for theory and practice are discussed in this paper, along with future research directions.","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139235494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-26DOI: 10.24191/e-aj.v12i2.23968
Sharifah Syazwa Amierah Syed Khalid, Amir Lukman Abd Rahman
Banking institutions’ handling of complaints in today’s context has become one of the most highlighted areas in customer service. Customer complaints are the basis of any organisation, and an organisation’s ability to handle its customers reflects the competitive spirit in the business area. The resolution quality is what makes an organisation different from the others. Every business entity has now used an advanced tool to create customer satisfaction, and social media is a tool that has become familiar and popular among the public. Considering these phenomena, the banking industry has adopted social media to communicate with its customers. Subsequently, there are thousands of complaints posted through the social media platform and viral issues in social media could damage the organisation, affecting the profit made. While a happy customer could spread the information to 10 people, an unhappy customer could spread that issue to thousands of people on social media in a matter of seconds. Thus, the banking institution must strategize its standard of procedure in handling complaints so it would be beneficial instead of damaging. The present paper will analyse the types of complaints made by customers through the banking social media platform and the type of resolution the institution gave to rectify and solve the complaints. Findings showed that the highest type of customer complaint would be related to a banking service issue, followed by delayed service, general information, and issues on a social media campaign. In contrast, the most used type of resolution would focus more on explaining the predicaments, followed by resolution quality, being courteous, apology and accessibility.
{"title":"The Art of Complaints: Analysing Complaints Management from a Social Media Banking Account","authors":"Sharifah Syazwa Amierah Syed Khalid, Amir Lukman Abd Rahman","doi":"10.24191/e-aj.v12i2.23968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/e-aj.v12i2.23968","url":null,"abstract":"Banking institutions’ handling of complaints in today’s context has become one of the most highlighted areas in customer service. Customer complaints are the basis of any organisation, and an organisation’s ability to handle its customers reflects the competitive spirit in the business area. The resolution quality is what makes an organisation different from the others. Every business entity has now used an advanced tool to create customer satisfaction, and social media is a tool that has become familiar and popular among the public. Considering these phenomena, the banking industry has adopted social media to communicate with its customers. Subsequently, there are thousands of complaints posted through the social media platform and viral issues in social media could damage the organisation, affecting the profit made. While a happy customer could spread the information to 10 people, an unhappy customer could spread that issue to thousands of people on social media in a matter of seconds. Thus, the banking institution must strategize its standard of procedure in handling complaints so it would be beneficial instead of damaging. The present paper will analyse the types of complaints made by customers through the banking social media platform and the type of resolution the institution gave to rectify and solve the complaints. Findings showed that the highest type of customer complaint would be related to a banking service issue, followed by delayed service, general information, and issues on a social media campaign. In contrast, the most used type of resolution would focus more on explaining the predicaments, followed by resolution quality, being courteous, apology and accessibility.","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139235462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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