Zaireen Zuleiqha Zainol Abidin, Mohd Syuhaidi Abu Bakar
The majority of research that exists on mental illness refers to the portrayals of adults with mental illness in films and television shows but limited research has been conducted on the portrayals of teenagers suffering from mental illness through a medium such as young adult literature. This study discussed and discovered the elements of depression behaviors depicted in the novel ―All the Bright Places‖ by Jennifer Niven (2015). The writers chose to study the two main characters, Theodore Finch and Violet Markey, and explored the elements of depression behaviors in the novel. Each text was descriptively examined using textual analysis and coded using a coding book. It was found that the novel depicts all elements of cognitive distortions in Beck's Cognitive Theory of Depression (All-Or-Nothing Thinking, Overgeneralization, Magnification and Minimizing, Personalizing, Mental Filter, Jumping to Conclusions, Labelling, Emotional Reasoning, Mind Reading; and Disqualifying the Positive). To conclude, Niven has addresses not only depression and also suicide with a seriousness and realism. A beautiful juxtaposition. Despite the ending, she leaves the reader with a sense of hope, that it will get better although never easier. Keywords: Young Adult Literature, Depression, All the Bright Places
{"title":"A STUDY OF THE ELEMENTS OF DEPRESSION IN “ALL THE BRIGHT PLACES” (2015)","authors":"Zaireen Zuleiqha Zainol Abidin, Mohd Syuhaidi Abu Bakar","doi":"10.24191/e-aj.v9i1.9520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/e-aj.v9i1.9520","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of research that exists on mental illness refers to the portrayals of adults with mental illness in films and television shows but limited research has been conducted on the portrayals of teenagers suffering from mental illness through a medium such as young adult literature. This study discussed and discovered the elements of depression behaviors depicted in the novel ―All the Bright Places‖ by Jennifer Niven (2015). The writers chose to study the two main characters, Theodore Finch and Violet Markey, and explored the elements of depression behaviors in the novel. Each text was descriptively examined using textual analysis and coded using a coding book. It was found that the novel depicts all elements of cognitive distortions in Beck's Cognitive Theory of Depression (All-Or-Nothing Thinking, Overgeneralization, Magnification and Minimizing, Personalizing, Mental Filter, Jumping to Conclusions, Labelling, Emotional Reasoning, Mind Reading; and Disqualifying the Positive). To conclude, Niven has addresses not only depression and also suicide with a seriousness and realism. A beautiful juxtaposition. Despite the ending, she leaves the reader with a sense of hope, that it will get better although never easier. \u0000Keywords: Young Adult Literature, Depression, All the Bright Places","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"250 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80689090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Abd-el-Aziz, J. A. Jimoh, Abdullahi Muhammad Hassan
The study identified basic technology difficult topics in upper basic curriculum as perceived by teachers and students in Ibadan metropolis. A research question and one hypothesis guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey of the correlational research design using multi-stage sampling technique. “Questionnaire for Identification of Basic Technology Difficult Topics in Upper Basic Education” (QIBT-DTUBE) was the main instrument for data collection. Face and content validity of QIBT-DTUBE was established by three technology education experts. The reliability coefficient for QIBT-DTUBE yielded 0.91 using Cronbach Alpha reliability technique. Research questions were analyzed using Mean and Standard deviation while the null hypotheses were tested at .05 level of significance using t-test statistics. Result obtained indicated that teachers and students perceived ten topics as difficult to teach and learn while the students identified additional nine topics that are difficult to learn. More so, a significant difference exists between the mean ratings of upper basic education teachers and students on their perceived levels of difficulty of basic technology topics. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that basic technology specialist teachers be supported with appropriate trainings and refresher courses on all the topics identified as difficult. Keywords: Difficult Topics, Basic Technology, Basic Education Curriculum, Teachers’ Perception, Students’ Perception
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC TECHNOLOGY DIFFICULT TOPICS AS PERCEIVED BY UPPER BASIC EDUCATION TEACHERS AND STUDENTS IN IBADAN METROPOLIS","authors":"A. A. Abd-el-Aziz, J. A. Jimoh, Abdullahi Muhammad Hassan","doi":"10.24191/e-aj.v9i1.9519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/e-aj.v9i1.9519","url":null,"abstract":"The study identified basic technology difficult topics in upper basic curriculum as perceived by teachers and students in Ibadan metropolis. A research question and one hypothesis guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey of the correlational research design using multi-stage sampling technique. “Questionnaire for Identification of Basic Technology Difficult Topics in Upper Basic Education” (QIBT-DTUBE) was the main instrument for data collection. Face and content validity of QIBT-DTUBE was established by three technology education experts. The reliability coefficient for QIBT-DTUBE yielded 0.91 using Cronbach Alpha reliability technique. Research questions were analyzed using Mean and Standard deviation while the null hypotheses were tested at .05 level of significance using t-test statistics. Result obtained indicated that teachers and students perceived ten topics as difficult to teach and learn while the students identified additional nine topics that are difficult to learn. More so, a significant difference exists between the mean ratings of upper basic education teachers and students on their perceived levels of difficulty of basic technology topics. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that basic technology specialist teachers be supported with appropriate trainings and refresher courses on all the topics identified as difficult. \u0000Keywords: Difficult Topics, Basic Technology, Basic Education Curriculum, Teachers’ Perception, Students’ Perception","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82520552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tan Yun Hoong, Paul Gnanaselvam Pakirnathan, Irene Law Hong Ling
With the rising ownership of mobile phones and access to social media, school teachers have noted and reported on the increase in secondary school students’ use of verbal aggressive behaviours at school compared to the past. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the effect of media violence on the verbal aggressive behaviours of male and female Chinese independent secondary school students in Malaysia. In this quantitative study, 380 male and female Malaysian secondary school students enrolled in Forms Three to Five were selected through simple random sampling method. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed through a survey form. The Free Time Questionnaire (Gunderson, 2006), Content-Based Media Exposure Scale (Den Hamer, 2017), and the Verbal Aggressive Scale (Infante& Wigley,1986) were used to collect data. The data were then analysed using the SPSS- 23. The results showed that the most popular media used among Malaysian secondary school students were videos and computer games. The results also showed that media violence significantly affected the verbal aggressive behaviours of Malaysian Chinese independent secondary school students. However, there was no significant difference between male and female students in indulging in verbally aggressive behaviours. Thus, the results of this study are significant for parents, educators and school administrators to be aware on the types of media violence that could indirectly stimulate students to committing verbally aggressive behaviours which in turn lead to other negative socio-communicative implications. Keywords: Social Media, Teenagers, Verbal Aggressive Behaviour
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF MEDIA VIOLENCE ON THE VERBAL AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOURS OF MALAYSIAN CHINESE INDEPENDENT SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS","authors":"Tan Yun Hoong, Paul Gnanaselvam Pakirnathan, Irene Law Hong Ling","doi":"10.24191/e-aj.v9i1.9523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/e-aj.v9i1.9523","url":null,"abstract":"With the rising ownership of mobile phones and access to social media, school teachers have noted and reported on the increase in secondary school students’ use of verbal aggressive behaviours at school compared to the past. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the effect of media violence on the verbal aggressive behaviours of male and female Chinese independent secondary school students in Malaysia. In this quantitative study, 380 male and female Malaysian secondary school students enrolled in Forms Three to Five were selected through simple random sampling method. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed through a survey form. The Free Time Questionnaire (Gunderson, 2006), Content-Based Media Exposure Scale (Den Hamer, 2017), and the Verbal Aggressive Scale (Infante& Wigley,1986) were used to collect data. The data were then analysed using the SPSS- 23. The results showed that the most popular media used among Malaysian secondary school students were videos and computer games. The results also showed that media violence significantly affected the verbal aggressive behaviours of Malaysian Chinese independent secondary school students. However, there was no significant difference between male and female students in indulging in verbally aggressive behaviours. Thus, the results of this study are significant for parents, educators and school administrators to be aware on the types of media violence that could indirectly stimulate students to committing verbally aggressive behaviours which in turn lead to other negative socio-communicative implications. \u0000Keywords: Social Media, Teenagers, Verbal Aggressive Behaviour","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76403568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suhaily Maizan Abdul Manaf, Shuhada Mohamed Hamidi, N. Said, Siti Rapidah Omar Ali, Nur Dalila Adenan
Economic performance of a country is mostly determined by the growth and any other internal and external factors. In this study, researchers purposely focused on Malaysian market by examining the relationship between export, inflation rate, government expenditure and foreign direct investment towards economic growth in Malaysia by applying the yearly data of 47 years from 1970 to 2016 using descriptive statistics, regression model and correlation method analysis. By applying Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method, the result suggests that export, government expenditure and foreign direct investment are positively and significantly correlated with the economic growth. However, inflation rate has negative and insignificant relationship with the economic growth. The outcome of the study is suggested to be useful in providing the future research direction towards the economic growth in Malaysia. Keywords: economic growth; export; inflation rate; government expenditure
{"title":"ECONOMIC GROWTH ANALYSIS: A STUDY ON MALAYSIAN MARKET","authors":"Suhaily Maizan Abdul Manaf, Shuhada Mohamed Hamidi, N. Said, Siti Rapidah Omar Ali, Nur Dalila Adenan","doi":"10.24191/E-AJ.V9I2.7379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/E-AJ.V9I2.7379","url":null,"abstract":"Economic performance of a country is mostly determined by the growth and any other internal and external factors. In this study, researchers purposely focused on Malaysian market by examining the relationship between export, inflation rate, government expenditure and foreign direct investment towards economic growth in Malaysia by applying the yearly data of 47 years from 1970 to 2016 using descriptive statistics, regression model and correlation method analysis. By applying Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method, the result suggests that export, government expenditure and foreign direct investment are positively and significantly correlated with the economic growth. However, inflation rate has negative and insignificant relationship with the economic growth. The outcome of the study is suggested to be useful in providing the future research direction towards the economic growth in Malaysia. \u0000Keywords: economic growth; export; inflation rate; government expenditure","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75683510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-21DOI: 10.24191/E-AJ.V7ISI-TEMIC18.5487
Siva Kumaaran, Lee Lini
This paper presents the power-optimized third-order Cascaded Integrator Comb (CIC) Filter for the DeltaSigma (Δ-∑) Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). The CIC Filter refers to a type of decimation filter used in ADC to remove quantization error caused by the modulator. It also occupies less area, when compared to other decimation filter, due to the absence of multiplier. In Δ-∑ ADC, the power consumption is mainly driven by the decimation filter. Hence, careful optimization of the decimation filter is necessary to design an ADC with low power. In this paper, the True Single Phase Clocked (TSPC) D-Flip Flop, which is made up of split-output latches, was applied as the register, instead of conventional D-Flip Flops. The proposed design displayed a significant reduction in power consumption. The proposed architecture was realized by using the CMOS 0.13µm technology. At 256kHz of sampling rate, the CIC Filter only consumed 47.99µW power. The supply voltage used at 1.5V and 13-bit of resolution had been achieved by using 32 oversampling ratio. The layout for 1-bit third-order CIC Filter was also realized with the size of 105.580 × 29.930µm2 . Keywords: Δ-∑ Analog to Digital Converter, Decimation Filter, Cascaded Integrator Comb, Integrator, Differentiator
{"title":"LOW POWER CIC FILTER DESIGN FOR DELTA SIGMA ADC","authors":"Siva Kumaaran, Lee Lini","doi":"10.24191/E-AJ.V7ISI-TEMIC18.5487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/E-AJ.V7ISI-TEMIC18.5487","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the power-optimized third-order Cascaded Integrator Comb (CIC) Filter for the DeltaSigma (Δ-∑) Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). The CIC Filter refers to a type of decimation filter used in ADC to remove quantization error caused by the modulator. It also occupies less area, when compared to other decimation filter, due to the absence of multiplier. In Δ-∑ ADC, the power consumption is mainly driven by the decimation filter. Hence, careful optimization of the decimation filter is necessary to design an ADC with low power. In this paper, the True Single Phase Clocked (TSPC) D-Flip Flop, which is made up of split-output latches, was applied as the register, instead of conventional D-Flip Flops. The proposed design displayed a significant reduction in power consumption. The proposed architecture was realized by using the CMOS 0.13µm technology. At 256kHz of sampling rate, the CIC Filter only consumed 47.99µW power. The supply voltage used at 1.5V and 13-bit of resolution had been achieved by using 32 oversampling ratio. The layout for 1-bit third-order CIC Filter was also realized with the size of 105.580 × 29.930µm2 . \u0000Keywords: Δ-∑ Analog to Digital Converter, Decimation Filter, Cascaded Integrator Comb, Integrator, Differentiator","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"264 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86720834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-21DOI: 10.24191/E-AJ.V7ISI-TEMIC18.5490
M. Fauzi, A. Ridzuan, M. Arshad, N. Jasmi, M. S. Harun, S. Shahidan
Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC) is developing class of concrete materials that offers great potential to improved ease of positioning and cost through reduced time and labor. Generally, amount of Construction and Demolition Wastes (C&DW) are increased daily. Therefore, it is beneficial to final usage of coarse recycled concrete aggregate that produced from crushed concrete waste as a new construction solution. Researchers have found that waste materials have unique properties that could help in improving the quality of self-consolidating concrete produced. Therefore, reuse of RCA generated as the supplemental material for the replacement of aggregate are significant in reducing the environmental impact. This research was focused on the strength characteristic and the chloride permeability level of SCC containing RCA. The influence of RCA content in the range from 0% to 100% of Natural Aggregate (NA) to the strength characteristic and the chloride permeability level of SCC was identified and compared with SCC containing normal mixes. In this research, three (3) series of concrete specimens were cast with different water cement ratios (0.53, 0.49 and 0.45). The concrete specimens were subjected to strength at the age of 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56 and 90 days and durability at the age of 28, 56 and 90 days. The result shown that the compressive strength and chloride permeability of SCC containing 100% RCA replacement give better performance than the 0% RCA replacement. Based on the finding, SCC containing 100% RCA replacement can be categorized similar to conventional concrete hence it can be utilized for construction purposes. RCA can also acts as an alternative replacement in concrete for replacing the NA. Keywords: Strength Properties; Rapid Chloride Permeability Test; Self Consolidating Concrete; Recycled Concrete Aggregate
{"title":"STRENGTH AND DURABILITY OF SELF CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE CONTAINING RECYCLED MATERIALS","authors":"M. Fauzi, A. Ridzuan, M. Arshad, N. Jasmi, M. S. Harun, S. Shahidan","doi":"10.24191/E-AJ.V7ISI-TEMIC18.5490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/E-AJ.V7ISI-TEMIC18.5490","url":null,"abstract":"Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC) is developing class of concrete materials that offers great potential to improved ease of positioning and cost through reduced time and labor. Generally, amount of Construction and Demolition Wastes (C&DW) are increased daily. Therefore, it is beneficial to final usage of coarse recycled concrete aggregate that produced from crushed concrete waste as a new construction solution. Researchers have found that waste materials have unique properties that could help in improving the quality of self-consolidating concrete produced. Therefore, reuse of RCA generated as the supplemental material for the replacement of aggregate are significant in reducing the environmental impact. This research was focused on the strength characteristic and the chloride permeability level of SCC containing RCA. The influence of RCA content in the range from 0% to 100% of Natural Aggregate (NA) to the strength characteristic and the chloride permeability level of SCC was identified and compared with SCC containing normal mixes. In this research, three (3) series of concrete specimens were cast with different water cement ratios (0.53, 0.49 and 0.45). The concrete specimens were subjected to strength at the age of 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56 and 90 days and durability at the age of 28, 56 and 90 days. The result shown that the compressive strength and chloride permeability of SCC containing 100% RCA replacement give better performance than the 0% RCA replacement. Based on the finding, SCC containing 100% RCA replacement can be categorized similar to conventional concrete hence it can be utilized for construction purposes. RCA can also acts as an alternative replacement in concrete for replacing the NA. \u0000Keywords: Strength Properties; Rapid Chloride Permeability Test; Self Consolidating Concrete; Recycled Concrete Aggregate","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89381732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-21DOI: 10.24191/E-AJ.V7ISI-TEMIC18.5488
Fatin Nadiah Hamdan, Nur Afiqah Meor Ahmad, Nurul A’qilah Mohd Hariri, Suziana Aida Othman, Masnira Ramli
Cubic Hermite Curve is applied to calculate the volume of the ostrich eggs. Twelve different sizes of ostrich were used as samples to get the volume. Length, width and actual volume are the input measured to generate the calculated volume. Vernier caliper and measuring cylinder are used to get the measurement of the input. Archimedes Principal method has been used to measure an actual volume of eggs. In order to generate calculated volume, the best fitted curve of the ostrich eggs was obtained by using the best fitted point in Cubic Hermite Curve equation. Besides, another way to determine the best fitted curve is by comparing the relative error of the three different gradients between calculated volume and actual volume. Keywords: Cubic Hermite Curve, volume of ostrich eggs, gradient
{"title":"MODELLING OF OSTRICH EGG USING CUBIC HERMITE CURVE","authors":"Fatin Nadiah Hamdan, Nur Afiqah Meor Ahmad, Nurul A’qilah Mohd Hariri, Suziana Aida Othman, Masnira Ramli","doi":"10.24191/E-AJ.V7ISI-TEMIC18.5488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/E-AJ.V7ISI-TEMIC18.5488","url":null,"abstract":"Cubic Hermite Curve is applied to calculate the volume of the ostrich eggs. Twelve different sizes of ostrich were used as samples to get the volume. Length, width and actual volume are the input measured to generate the calculated volume. Vernier caliper and measuring cylinder are used to get the measurement of the input. Archimedes Principal method has been used to measure an actual volume of eggs. In order to generate calculated volume, the best fitted curve of the ostrich eggs was obtained by using the best fitted point in Cubic Hermite Curve equation. Besides, another way to determine the best fitted curve is by comparing the relative error of the three different gradients between calculated volume and actual volume. \u0000Keywords: Cubic Hermite Curve, volume of ostrich eggs, gradient","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80657815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-21DOI: 10.24191/E-AJ.V7ISI-TEMIC18.5489
Yeoh Poay Zheng, Lini Lee
This article presents analysis of various full adder architecture on Cascaded Integrator-Comb (CIC) filter of delta-sigma ADC. The structure of CIC filter consists of an integrator and a differentiator stage that is built from a cascaded full adder and delay element. Since each of the element within CIC filter has its own low-power architecture, full adder is one of the block that consumes huge amount of power compared to others. In this paper, four different type of full adder’s architecture is designed and simulated with CIC decimation filter. There are 28T conventional, pseudo-NMOS adder, 16T hybrid adder and modified 14T hybrid adder. The performance parameters such as delay, total power dissipation and power delay product (PDP) of CIC filter were compared. This analysis shows that 16T hybrid full adder CIC filter has reduced up to 38.15% of power consumption and 39.18% of power product delay compared to conventional adder. Hence, a complete 1-bit third order of 16T hybrid adder CIC filter is implemented with size area of 118.23µm × 22.38µm. Keywords: Delta-sigma ADC, Low-power, CIC decimation filter, Full adder
{"title":"PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FULL ADDERS IN CIC DECIMATION FILTER","authors":"Yeoh Poay Zheng, Lini Lee","doi":"10.24191/E-AJ.V7ISI-TEMIC18.5489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/E-AJ.V7ISI-TEMIC18.5489","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents analysis of various full adder architecture on Cascaded Integrator-Comb (CIC) filter of delta-sigma ADC. The structure of CIC filter consists of an integrator and a differentiator stage that is built from a cascaded full adder and delay element. Since each of the element within CIC filter has its own low-power architecture, full adder is one of the block that consumes huge amount of power compared to others. In this paper, four different type of full adder’s architecture is designed and simulated with CIC decimation filter. There are 28T conventional, pseudo-NMOS adder, 16T hybrid adder and modified 14T hybrid adder. The performance parameters such as delay, total power dissipation and power delay product (PDP) of CIC filter were compared. This analysis shows that 16T hybrid full adder CIC filter has reduced up to 38.15% of power consumption and 39.18% of power product delay compared to conventional adder. Hence, a complete 1-bit third order of 16T hybrid adder CIC filter is implemented with size area of 118.23µm × 22.38µm. \u0000Keywords: Delta-sigma ADC, Low-power, CIC decimation filter, Full adder","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91093282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-21DOI: 10.24191/E-AJ.V7ISI-TEMIC18.5491
Z. Irwan, W. F. W. Kamarudin, A. Amin, A. Muhammud, S. M. Muda, Noor Erni Fazlina Mohd. Akhir, Salihah Abdullah
In recent years, Malaysia has been experienced with the weather changes especially in increasing of the temperature. The highest temperature usually occurs during equinox. Equinox is the phenomenon when the sun is directly above the Earth's equator and this happens twice a year. Therefore, this study is carried out to determine the effects of equinox on climate change for five consecutive years. The information of this study was obtained from Malaysian Meteorological Department. The study involved three states and one federal territory in Peninsular Malaysia, namely Alor Setar (Kedah), Kota Bharu (Kelantan), Johor Bahru (Johor) and Kuala Lumpur. These states were chosen based on their location in North, East, South and West of Peninsular Malaysia. As a result, the overall mean temperature at all stations is in the range of 27°C to 30°C. The analysis revealed that the mean temperature in March showed significant increase from year 2011 to 2015 in all stations and Alor Setar recorded the highest mean temperature. However, other factors are also needed to be considered to the rising of the temperature such as El Nino phenomenon, amount of rainfall, number of rain days, Southwest and Northeast Monsoon seasons and others. Keywords: Equinox, climate, peninsular Malaysia, temperature, pollution
{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF EQUINOX PHENOMENON ON CLIMATE CHANGE","authors":"Z. Irwan, W. F. W. Kamarudin, A. Amin, A. Muhammud, S. M. Muda, Noor Erni Fazlina Mohd. Akhir, Salihah Abdullah","doi":"10.24191/E-AJ.V7ISI-TEMIC18.5491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/E-AJ.V7ISI-TEMIC18.5491","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Malaysia has been experienced with the weather changes especially in increasing of the temperature. The highest temperature usually occurs during equinox. Equinox is the phenomenon when the sun is directly above the Earth's equator and this happens twice a year. Therefore, this study is carried out to determine the effects of equinox on climate change for five consecutive years. The information of this study was obtained from Malaysian Meteorological Department. The study involved three states and one federal territory in Peninsular Malaysia, namely Alor Setar (Kedah), Kota Bharu (Kelantan), Johor Bahru (Johor) and Kuala Lumpur. These states were chosen based on their location in North, East, South and West of Peninsular Malaysia. As a result, the overall mean temperature at all stations is in the range of 27°C to 30°C. The analysis revealed that the mean temperature in March showed significant increase from year 2011 to 2015 in all stations and Alor Setar recorded the highest mean temperature. However, other factors are also needed to be considered to the rising of the temperature such as El Nino phenomenon, amount of rainfall, number of rain days, Southwest and Northeast Monsoon seasons and others. \u0000Keywords: Equinox, climate, peninsular Malaysia, temperature, pollution","PeriodicalId":11454,"journal":{"name":"e-Academia Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90426754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-14DOI: 10.24191/E-AJ.V7ISI-TEMIC18.5399
Nur Rabiatul Adawiah B Mohammad Noor, S. Mutalib, N. A. Sani
This study was conducted to determine the presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus on 30 samples of flower crab (Portunus pelagicus) collected from Negeri Sembilan (n = 15) and Selangor (n = 15) from March to July 2014. A total of 193 isolates of Vibrio sp. were isolated from the thiosulphate citrate bile-salt (TCBS) agar medium. Of 79 Vibrio isolates were identified as V. parahaemolyticus through biochemical testing methods. In V. parahaemolyticus identification by detection of regulatory gene toxR, 51 (64.6%) of 79 isolates contained toxR gene while none of the isolates contained virulence gene of tdh dan trh. by targeting toxR gene which produced amplicons of 368 bp molecular weight. All V. parahaemolyticus isolates were negative for tdh and trh genes. Keywords: Vibrio parahaemolyicus, flower crab, toxR, trh, tdh
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