The aim of this work was to provide a retrospective review of the main hydrochemical indicators of the water of the Samara River and to calculate the anthropogenic component of ion flow in the modern period, to provide a comparative assessment of the relevant indicators for the entire period of scientific observations. From the average-long-term data of the hydrochemical composition of the water of the Samara River, it can be seen that the ionic composition of the water of the Samara River had chloride and chloride-sulfate classes, calcium, calcium-magnesium and sodium groups. There is a trend towards increasing water mineralization in the Samara River. So, in 1929, the total mineralization of river water ranged from 965 to 1738 mg/dm3. During the period from 1929 to 2006, total mineralization increased by an average of 1,800 mg/dm3. The hardness increased by 12 mg-eq/dm3. The content of chlorine ions increased by an average of 300 mg/dm3. The fact of the growth of these indicators can be connected, first of all, with the inflow of mine waters from the mines of Central and Western Donbass. In the modern period, the saline composition of the water of the Samara River was characterized by an increased content of salts. The dry balance as of January 2022 was equal to 4228 mg/dm3. Such indicators can be considered record for the entire time of observations. There are several possible reasons for this phenomenon. One of them can be a change in the ratio of natural runoff and discharges of mine drainage water, with an increased share of the latter. Another factor may be the global aridization of the climate and, as a result, the reduction of the water content of the region and the reduction of the share of natural river flow. The anthropogenic component of the total removal of salts during the period from 1929 to the present has increased by 1 million 100 thousand tons, while the total amount of water-soluble salts does not grow uniformly. A sharp increase is noticeable since 1978, which coincides with the period of active commissioning of the mines of Western Donbass. Since then, the growth of the anthropogenic component has relatively stabilized. Relatively constant values of anthropogenic content – 53.5–64.4% are noted for calcium ions. Moreover, the anthropogenic component of magnesium ions at the time of our research (February 2022) was in negative dynamics. The largest percentage of the growth of the anthropogenic component of the Samara River ion flow is associated with sulfate and sodium ions. In general, anthropogenic influence on the formation of the salt composition of the Samara River water has been noted since the very beginning of observations – in the mid-thirties of the last century.
{"title":"Hydrochemical characteristics and anthropogenic components of the ionic effluent of the Samara river","authors":"O. Kotovych, V. Yakovenko, K. I. Ryzhenko","doi":"10.15421/032212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032212","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to provide a retrospective review of the main hydrochemical indicators of the water of the Samara River and to calculate the anthropogenic component of ion flow in the modern period, to provide a comparative assessment of the relevant indicators for the entire period of scientific observations. From the average-long-term data of the hydrochemical composition of the water of the Samara River, it can be seen that the ionic composition of the water of the Samara River had chloride and chloride-sulfate classes, calcium, calcium-magnesium and sodium groups. There is a trend towards increasing water mineralization in the Samara River. So, in 1929, the total mineralization of river water ranged from 965 to 1738 mg/dm3. During the period from 1929 to 2006, total mineralization increased by an average of 1,800 mg/dm3. The hardness increased by 12 mg-eq/dm3. The content of chlorine ions increased by an average of 300 mg/dm3. The fact of the growth of these indicators can be connected, first of all, with the inflow of mine waters from the mines of Central and Western Donbass. In the modern period, the saline composition of the water of the Samara River was characterized by an increased content of salts. The dry balance as of January 2022 was equal to 4228 mg/dm3. Such indicators can be considered record for the entire time of observations. There are several possible reasons for this phenomenon. One of them can be a change in the ratio of natural runoff and discharges of mine drainage water, with an increased share of the latter. Another factor may be the global aridization of the climate and, as a result, the reduction of the water content of the region and the reduction of the share of natural river flow. The anthropogenic component of the total removal of salts during the period from 1929 to the present has increased by 1 million 100 thousand tons, while the total amount of water-soluble salts does not grow uniformly. A sharp increase is noticeable since 1978, which coincides with the period of active commissioning of the mines of Western Donbass. Since then, the growth of the anthropogenic component has relatively stabilized. Relatively constant values of anthropogenic content – 53.5–64.4% are noted for calcium ions. Moreover, the anthropogenic component of magnesium ions at the time of our research (February 2022) was in negative dynamics. The largest percentage of the growth of the anthropogenic component of the Samara River ion flow is associated with sulfate and sodium ions. In general, anthropogenic influence on the formation of the salt composition of the Samara River water has been noted since the very beginning of observations – in the mid-thirties of the last century.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"36 8 Pt 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82808858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alien species significantly change the structure and functions of green spaces in cities, can affect people's health and cause economic damage to the urban economy. Studies show that the flora of urboecosystems has been significantly transformed by human economic activity, which causes the spread and rapid advancement of invasive species and the reduction of phytodiversity. The object of the study was the grass cover of "Gagarin Park" (Dnipro). The species composition and projective cover of vascular plants of the grass layer were studied in April–May and June–July 2021–2022. Experimental sites measuring 3×3 m were laid in different parts of the park, the total number of spring descriptions – 420, summer – 230. Field work was carried out using classic geobotanical methods of research (route-reconnaissance, detailed-route, geobotanical description, establishment of test plots). 121 species of vascular plants belonging to 45 families were recorded in the grass cover of Gagarin Park (Dnipro). The most numerous are Asteraceae (17%) and Poaceae (12%). At the beginning of the growing season, the families Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, and Scrophulariaceae are characterized by the richest species composition; in the summer, the role of Aceraceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae, and Rosaceae increases. 42 adventive species belonging to 29 families were found in the grass layer of the park. The share of adventitious plants increases during the growing season from 22 to 37% in species composition. In spring, representatives of the Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Scrophulariaceae families predominate among the 12 registered adventives (15% each), in summer the number of adventive species increases to 36, and the Asteraceae family dominates (28%). The spectrum of life forms is dominated by herbaceous annuals - 33.3% and perennials - 23.8%, as well as numerous seedlings of woody species – 21.4%. There are much fewer biennials (9.5%) and vines (7.1%), biennials and shrubs are represented singly. American species (33.4%) are the leaders in species diversity by origin: North American and South American migroelements have 13 and 1 species, respectively. There are also numerous representatives of Mediterranean (23.8%) and Asian origin (21.4%). This ratio is more typical for the group of invasive plants than for alien species of Ukraine as a whole. The predominance of species of American origin indicates that plants that grow in similar conditions in their original habitat are best adapted to new conditions. This confirms the proposition that species with a transcontinental habitat type have greater opportunities for adaptation to new conditions than species originating from adjacent floristic regions. The spectrum of adventitious plant biomorphs in «Gagarin Park» is dominated by annuals in the spring, but in the summer the share of woody species seedlings increases. Among the life forms according to K. Raunkier (or climamorph), the largest percentage belongs to therophy
{"title":"Structure and seasonal dynamics of the adventitious fraction of the flora of \"Gagarin Park\" (Dnipro)","authors":"O. Lisovets, V. H. Udzhmadzhuridze","doi":"10.15421/032210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032210","url":null,"abstract":"Alien species significantly change the structure and functions of green spaces in cities, can affect people's health and cause economic damage to the urban economy. Studies show that the flora of urboecosystems has been significantly transformed by human economic activity, which causes the spread and rapid advancement of invasive species and the reduction of phytodiversity. The object of the study was the grass cover of \"Gagarin Park\" (Dnipro). The species composition and projective cover of vascular plants of the grass layer were studied in April–May and June–July 2021–2022. Experimental sites measuring 3×3 m were laid in different parts of the park, the total number of spring descriptions – 420, summer – 230. Field work was carried out using classic geobotanical methods of research (route-reconnaissance, detailed-route, geobotanical description, establishment of test plots). 121 species of vascular plants belonging to 45 families were recorded in the grass cover of Gagarin Park (Dnipro). The most numerous are Asteraceae (17%) and Poaceae (12%). At the beginning of the growing season, the families Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, and Scrophulariaceae are characterized by the richest species composition; in the summer, the role of Aceraceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae, and Rosaceae increases. 42 adventive species belonging to 29 families were found in the grass layer of the park. The share of adventitious plants increases during the growing season from 22 to 37% in species composition. In spring, representatives of the Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Scrophulariaceae families predominate among the 12 registered adventives (15% each), in summer the number of adventive species increases to 36, and the Asteraceae family dominates (28%). The spectrum of life forms is dominated by herbaceous annuals - 33.3% and perennials - 23.8%, as well as numerous seedlings of woody species – 21.4%. There are much fewer biennials (9.5%) and vines (7.1%), biennials and shrubs are represented singly. American species (33.4%) are the leaders in species diversity by origin: North American and South American migroelements have 13 and 1 species, respectively. There are also numerous representatives of Mediterranean (23.8%) and Asian origin (21.4%). This ratio is more typical for the group of invasive plants than for alien species of Ukraine as a whole. The predominance of species of American origin indicates that plants that grow in similar conditions in their original habitat are best adapted to new conditions. This confirms the proposition that species with a transcontinental habitat type have greater opportunities for adaptation to new conditions than species originating from adjacent floristic regions. The spectrum of adventitious plant biomorphs in «Gagarin Park» is dominated by annuals in the spring, but in the summer the share of woody species seedlings increases. Among the life forms according to K. Raunkier (or climamorph), the largest percentage belongs to therophy","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78735702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. V. Bohuslavska, L. Shupranova, K. Holoborodko, O. Kunakh
Heavy metals are one of the main causes of plant damage. The main route of entry of metals into plants is their absorption by the root system from the soil. The accumulation of heavy metals in plants disrupts the flow of biochemical processes. Amino acid metabolism is one of the important factors that ensure biochemical adaptation of organisms to environmental changes. Therefore, the aim of the work was to study the content of protein amino acids in the generative tissues of the maize root under the combined action of lead, cadmium and nickel ions at the early stages of ontogenesis. To assess the impact of heavy metals, two-day-old corn seedlings were transplanted to solutions with heavy metal ions of various concentrations, both individually and in a mixture. The content of protein amino acids in the meristem was characterized by significant variation associated with both quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of water-soluble proteins during germination. The level of accumulation of amino acids in the meristem cells of maize roots depended on the concentration of the xenobiotic and the germination period, and the general regularity of the influence of nickel ions was a decrease in the content of arginine, leucine, alanine and an increase in the content of histidine, cysteine, serine, proline, and valine. During the period of germination, the qualitative amino acid composition of plants did not change, while the quantitative content of individual amino acids varied greatly. Various increases in the content of dicarboxylic amino acids (glutamate and aspartate) testify to the intensification of metabolic processes under the influence of the studied substances. However, it cannot be excluded that the increase in the content of glutamic and aspartic acids is associated with a decrease in the speed of their utilization. In addition, heavy metals caused an increase in the content of amino acids of the ornithine cycle (arginine) and the end product of the cycle (proline) to varying degrees. Proline is an amino acid that has a stress-protective effect due to the binding of proline aggregates to surface hydrophobic residues of proteins, which prevents their denaturation. Perhaps a similar protective effect of proline occurs in the case, which is being considered.
{"title":"Amino acid composition of proteins of meristem cells of maize roots under the combined action of lead, cadmium and nickel ions","authors":"L. V. Bohuslavska, L. Shupranova, K. Holoborodko, O. Kunakh","doi":"10.15421/032211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032211","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals are one of the main causes of plant damage. The main route of entry of metals into plants is their absorption by the root system from the soil. The accumulation of heavy metals in plants disrupts the flow of biochemical processes. Amino acid metabolism is one of the important factors that ensure biochemical adaptation of organisms to environmental changes. Therefore, the aim of the work was to study the content of protein amino acids in the generative tissues of the maize root under the combined action of lead, cadmium and nickel ions at the early stages of ontogenesis. To assess the impact of heavy metals, two-day-old corn seedlings were transplanted to solutions with heavy metal ions of various concentrations, both individually and in a mixture. The content of protein amino acids in the meristem was characterized by significant variation associated with both quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of water-soluble proteins during germination. The level of accumulation of amino acids in the meristem cells of maize roots depended on the concentration of the xenobiotic and the germination period, and the general regularity of the influence of nickel ions was a decrease in the content of arginine, leucine, alanine and an increase in the content of histidine, cysteine, serine, proline, and valine. During the period of germination, the qualitative amino acid composition of plants did not change, while the quantitative content of individual amino acids varied greatly. Various increases in the content of dicarboxylic amino acids (glutamate and aspartate) testify to the intensification of metabolic processes under the influence of the studied substances. However, it cannot be excluded that the increase in the content of glutamic and aspartic acids is associated with a decrease in the speed of their utilization. In addition, heavy metals caused an increase in the content of amino acids of the ornithine cycle (arginine) and the end product of the cycle (proline) to varying degrees. Proline is an amino acid that has a stress-protective effect due to the binding of proline aggregates to surface hydrophobic residues of proteins, which prevents their denaturation. Perhaps a similar protective effect of proline occurs in the case, which is being considered.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78341333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Ustymenko, D. Dubyna, B. O. Baranovskyi, A. V. Zhykharieva
Under the action of various forms of human activity, there was a violation of the integrity and unity of the vegetation cover of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The consequence of this is the fragmentation of vegetation. It was established that the decrease in the area of plant communities leads to an increase in their dependence on environmental factors. An important component of the phytocoenotic cover, and first of all the forest cover, which is the biotic basis of the functioning of the biosphere, its evolution and maintenance of an ecologically balanced state, is a rare phytocoenofund. The purpose of the work was to compile information on the current state of rare groups in the steppe zone using data from ecological and coenotic studies, sociological analysis and assessment of the latest threats to rare forest diversity. A critical analysis of the current rare phytocenophyte, the data of modern synphytosozological studies and the latest geobotanical information on the rare phytocenotic diversity made it possible to establish a modern rare phytocenophyte of the forests of the steppe zone of Ukraine. It has 16 associations of three formations. The sociological analysis showed that all phytocoenoses of 16 rare forest associations are characterized by a rare type of association, are located on the border of the range, and 5 associations are formed by an endemic species. According to their sociological status, they are divided into rare (4 associations) and endangered species (12 associations). The potential for natural recovery of populations of dominant species of groups in specific ecological conditions is very weak or weak in all 16 rare forest associations. Currently, rare forest communities are most negatively affected due to the complete loss or fragmentation of habitats, pollution, overexploitation of species and ecosystems, competition from populations of adventive species, global climate change and unbalanced development of forestry, military actions.
{"title":"Rare diversity of forest vegetation of the steppe zone: current state, threats and directions of changes","authors":"P. Ustymenko, D. Dubyna, B. O. Baranovskyi, A. V. Zhykharieva","doi":"10.15421/032209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032209","url":null,"abstract":"Under the action of various forms of human activity, there was a violation of the integrity and unity of the vegetation cover of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The consequence of this is the fragmentation of vegetation. It was established that the decrease in the area of plant communities leads to an increase in their dependence on environmental factors. An important component of the phytocoenotic cover, and first of all the forest cover, which is the biotic basis of the functioning of the biosphere, its evolution and maintenance of an ecologically balanced state, is a rare phytocoenofund. The purpose of the work was to compile information on the current state of rare groups in the steppe zone using data from ecological and coenotic studies, sociological analysis and assessment of the latest threats to rare forest diversity. A critical analysis of the current rare phytocenophyte, the data of modern synphytosozological studies and the latest geobotanical information on the rare phytocenotic diversity made it possible to establish a modern rare phytocenophyte of the forests of the steppe zone of Ukraine. It has 16 associations of three formations. The sociological analysis showed that all phytocoenoses of 16 rare forest associations are characterized by a rare type of association, are located on the border of the range, and 5 associations are formed by an endemic species. According to their sociological status, they are divided into rare (4 associations) and endangered species (12 associations). The potential for natural recovery of populations of dominant species of groups in specific ecological conditions is very weak or weak in all 16 rare forest associations. Currently, rare forest communities are most negatively affected due to the complete loss or fragmentation of habitats, pollution, overexploitation of species and ecosystems, competition from populations of adventive species, global climate change and unbalanced development of forestry, military actions.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88623046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preservation of rare phytocenotic diversity is one of the priority tasks in the integral problem of biodiversity protection. The implementation of these tasks requires a transition to such principles as the use of a system of preventive/prophylactic and direct methods and modes of conservation depending on the type of vegetation and the homeostasis of plant communities. It was established that the state of rare groups of Ukraine has changed significantly over the past few decades, It is noted that the Steppe biome under the influence of a huge anthropogenic press not only underwent significant changes, but also lost its structure and regulatory properties, which led, in fact, to its destruction and the complete death of numerous elements. The purpose of the work was to compile information on the current state of rare groups in the steppe zone using data from ecological-cenotic and floristic studies, to assess their presence in the territories of biosphere and natural reserves and national natural parks in the region. Field research was carried out using classical geobotanical methods (detailed routing, establishment of test sites, geobotanical description). A critical analysis of the current rare phytocenophyte, the data of modern synphytosozological studies and the latest geobotanical information on the rare phytocenotic diversity made it possible to establish the modern rare phytocenophyte of the steppe zone of Ukraine. It has 321 associations of 48 formations. The forest vegetation has only 16 associations of 3 formations. Steppe vegetation is characterized by the most numerous rare phytocenophand, which is represented by 180 associations of 19 formations, grass and shrub communities of the xerotic type on outcrops and sands have 23 associations of 5 formations, 3 associations of one formation are established for swamp vegetation, halophytic vegetation is characterized by the presence of 13 associations of 5 formations. Higher aquatic vegetation is represented by 86 associations of 1 formation. Summarization of materials based on the results of geobotanical studies of rare taxa carried out in the region after the release of the state document «Green Book of Ukraine» in 2009 allowed to identify 96 associations (1 forest, 79 steppe, 7 grass and shrub communities of the xerotic type on outcrops, 3 halophytic, 6 water), which are new rare associations. The levels of their representation in biosphere reserves (BZ) and nature reserves (NP) and national natural parks (NPP) have been established. They are protected in 22 nature reserve territories (NPAs) of higher categorical ranks, in particular – in 3 BZ, 6 – PZ, 13 – NPP It was concluded that the state of protection of the rare vegetation of the region is typologically and syntaxonomically representative in the PZT system of the highest sociological rank. The level of security for most rare associations is high and average, in a small number of formations it is low. A small number of rare associati
{"title":"Rare phytocoenotaxonomic diversity of the steppe zone of Ukraine: analysis and applied aspects","authors":"D. V. Dubуna, P. Ustymenko, B. Baranovski","doi":"10.15421/032201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032201","url":null,"abstract":"Preservation of rare phytocenotic diversity is one of the priority tasks in the integral problem of biodiversity protection. The implementation of these tasks requires a transition to such principles as the use of a system of preventive/prophylactic and direct methods and modes of conservation depending on the type of vegetation and the homeostasis of plant communities. It was established that the state of rare groups of Ukraine has changed significantly over the past few decades, It is noted that the Steppe biome under the influence of a huge anthropogenic press not only underwent significant changes, but also lost its structure and regulatory properties, which led, in fact, to its destruction and the complete death of numerous elements. The purpose of the work was to compile information on the current state of rare groups in the steppe zone using data from ecological-cenotic and floristic studies, to assess their presence in the territories of biosphere and natural reserves and national natural parks in the region. Field research was carried out using classical geobotanical methods (detailed routing, establishment of test sites, geobotanical description). A critical analysis of the current rare phytocenophyte, the data of modern synphytosozological studies and the latest geobotanical information on the rare phytocenotic diversity made it possible to establish the modern rare phytocenophyte of the steppe zone of Ukraine. It has 321 associations of 48 formations. The forest vegetation has only 16 associations of 3 formations. Steppe vegetation is characterized by the most numerous rare phytocenophand, which is represented by 180 associations of 19 formations, grass and shrub communities of the xerotic type on outcrops and sands have 23 associations of 5 formations, 3 associations of one formation are established for swamp vegetation, halophytic vegetation is characterized by the presence of 13 associations of 5 formations. Higher aquatic vegetation is represented by 86 associations of 1 formation. Summarization of materials based on the results of geobotanical studies of rare taxa carried out in the region after the release of the state document «Green Book of Ukraine» in 2009 allowed to identify 96 associations (1 forest, 79 steppe, 7 grass and shrub communities of the xerotic type on outcrops, 3 halophytic, 6 water), which are new rare associations. The levels of their representation in biosphere reserves (BZ) and nature reserves (NP) and national natural parks (NPP) have been established. They are protected in 22 nature reserve territories (NPAs) of higher categorical ranks, in particular – in 3 BZ, 6 – PZ, 13 – NPP It was concluded that the state of protection of the rare vegetation of the region is typologically and syntaxonomically representative in the PZT system of the highest sociological rank. The level of security for most rare associations is high and average, in a small number of formations it is low. A small number of rare associati","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"242 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75414992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sufficient water supply for plants is one of the most important conditions for their vital activity, since most of the biochemical reactions that regulate the plants physiological functions take place in the water environment. The plants adaptive capacity to the influence of a complex of environmental factors in field conditions is largely determined by the ability to maintain water balance, which can be characterized by various features. Among them, the transpiration intensity and the level of water deficit are the most important indicators that are related to the mechanisms of plant resistance to water or high-temperature stress. The aim of the work was to evaluate the introduction success of plants according to the markers of water availability in a new environment. The objects of the study were plants of the genus Chaenomeles, introduced in the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University: three natural species (Ch. japonica, Ch. speciosa, and Ch. cathayensis), as well as two hybrids (Ch. × superba and Ch. × californica). Species Ch. japonica naturally grows in humid areas with moderate temperatures, while species of Chinese origin Ch. speciosa and Ch. cathayensis are adapted to mountainous terrain with sharp temperature fluctuations. Water deficiency in the leaves of introduced plants was determined by saturating leaf cuttings with water; the intensity of transpiration was studied by the method of rapid weighing. Both indicators of the water regime in the leaves of introduced plants were measured under contrasting levels of moisture supply during the growing season in the steppe zone conditions: in the wet period, the dry period, and the period of moisture restoration. It was found that during the drought, the intensity of transpiration increased significantly (P ˂ 0.05) compared to the wet period in the leaves of all introduced Chaenomeles plants, the most (by 1.6–1.7 times) in Ch. japonica, Ch. speciosa and Ch. × superba, the least (by 1.3 times) in the leaves of Ch. × californica. Water deficit in the dry growing season in the leaves of all studied Chaenomeles plants increased significantly (P ˂ 0.05), the most in the leaves of Ch. catayensis (2.8 times compared to the wet period), the least in the leaves of Ch. spesiosa (in 2.0 times compared to the wet period). The level of water deficit in the leaves of both Chinese species was lower than that of Ch. japonica (18.85%). In the leaves of Ch. japonica, Ch. speciosa and Ch. × superba was the fastest recovery of the water balance after drought, as well as the most effective regulation of the transpiration intensity level with the onset of drought and during the recovery period. Introduced plants of the species Ch. japonica, Ch. speciosa and Ch. × superba turned out to be the most adapted to vegetation in the conditions of the steppe climate, which is characterized by periods of drought.
{"title":"Specific features of the water regime of the genus Chaenomeles introduced plants in the steppe zone conditions","authors":"Y. Lykholat, V. Davydov, N. Khromykh, O. Didur","doi":"10.15421/032202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032202","url":null,"abstract":"Sufficient water supply for plants is one of the most important conditions for their vital activity, since most of the biochemical reactions that regulate the plants physiological functions take place in the water environment. The plants adaptive capacity to the influence of a complex of environmental factors in field conditions is largely determined by the ability to maintain water balance, which can be characterized by various features. Among them, the transpiration intensity and the level of water deficit are the most important indicators that are related to the mechanisms of plant resistance to water or high-temperature stress. The aim of the work was to evaluate the introduction success of plants according to the markers of water availability in a new environment. The objects of the study were plants of the genus Chaenomeles, introduced in the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University: three natural species (Ch. japonica, Ch. speciosa, and Ch. cathayensis), as well as two hybrids (Ch. × superba and Ch. × californica). Species Ch. japonica naturally grows in humid areas with moderate temperatures, while species of Chinese origin Ch. speciosa and Ch. cathayensis are adapted to mountainous terrain with sharp temperature fluctuations. Water deficiency in the leaves of introduced plants was determined by saturating leaf cuttings with water; the intensity of transpiration was studied by the method of rapid weighing. Both indicators of the water regime in the leaves of introduced plants were measured under contrasting levels of moisture supply during the growing season in the steppe zone conditions: in the wet period, the dry period, and the period of moisture restoration. It was found that during the drought, the intensity of transpiration increased significantly (P ˂ 0.05) compared to the wet period in the leaves of all introduced Chaenomeles plants, the most (by 1.6–1.7 times) in Ch. japonica, Ch. speciosa and Ch. × superba, the least (by 1.3 times) in the leaves of Ch. × californica. Water deficit in the dry growing season in the leaves of all studied Chaenomeles plants increased significantly (P ˂ 0.05), the most in the leaves of Ch. catayensis (2.8 times compared to the wet period), the least in the leaves of Ch. spesiosa (in 2.0 times compared to the wet period). The level of water deficit in the leaves of both Chinese species was lower than that of Ch. japonica (18.85%). In the leaves of Ch. japonica, Ch. speciosa and Ch. × superba was the fastest recovery of the water balance after drought, as well as the most effective regulation of the transpiration intensity level with the onset of drought and during the recovery period. Introduced plants of the species Ch. japonica, Ch. speciosa and Ch. × superba turned out to be the most adapted to vegetation in the conditions of the steppe climate, which is characterized by periods of drought.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89364726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An integral component of the biota of aquatic ecosystems is phytoplankton, which plays a fundamental role in the formation of the autotrophic link. The Danube delta is characterized by unique biotopes, which are characterized by a high diversity of species. Phytoplankton is an indicator of the quality of the aquatic environment and is a convenient object for research, as it can quickly respond to changes in the ecosystem. Phytoplankton species diversity of the Kiliya Danube Delta in the summer of 2019 includes 158 species and intraspecific taxa belonging to 8 divisions. The most numerous are the division Bacillariophyta (52 intraspecific taxons) and Chlorophyta (45 intraspecific taxons); orders Sphaeropleales (24), Naviculales (16), Euglenida (15), Chlorellales (13); families: Euglenidae (9), Scenedesmaceae (9), Naviculaceae (8), Selenastraceae (7), and genera Nitzschia (6), Navicula (5), Monoraphidium (5), Trachelomonas (5), Lepocinclis (5). The phototrophic link is formed mainly by diatoms and green phytoplankton planktonic and planktonic-benthic forms and indicates a dynamic hydrological regime of the object. According to saprobic species indicators, the diversity is dominated by β-saprobic (46%) and oligosaprobic (28%) forms. The water of the Kiliya Danube delta corresponds to class III in terms of organic pollution. water quality, which is characterized as "moderately polluted" and refers to β-saprobic waters. To determine the similarity of the floristic spectrum presented in different sampling locations, Sorensen coefficients in the range from 0.10 to 0.46 were calculated. types of diversity, in terms of amplitude, the stations on the Danube River (Reni, port) and the Kiliya delta (below the sea station) are most similar to each other, other areas are less similar to each other. It was found that, based on the similarity of the floristic spectrum presented in the samples, the Sorensen coefficients are quite low, and it is justified by the geographical location of the studied object, the dynamics of its hydrological regime, and different environmental conditions. The phytoplankton of the Kiliya Danube delta has a wide spectrum of species diversity relative to its spatial distribution.
{"title":"Species, taxonomic and ecological diversity of phytoplankton of the Kiliya Danube delta","authors":"D. Lutsenko","doi":"10.15421/032208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032208","url":null,"abstract":"An integral component of the biota of aquatic ecosystems is phytoplankton, which plays a fundamental role in the formation of the autotrophic link. The Danube delta is characterized by unique biotopes, which are characterized by a high diversity of species. Phytoplankton is an indicator of the quality of the aquatic environment and is a convenient object for research, as it can quickly respond to changes in the ecosystem. Phytoplankton species diversity of the Kiliya Danube Delta in the summer of 2019 includes 158 species and intraspecific taxa belonging to 8 divisions. The most numerous are the division Bacillariophyta (52 intraspecific taxons) and Chlorophyta (45 intraspecific taxons); orders Sphaeropleales (24), Naviculales (16), Euglenida (15), Chlorellales (13); families: Euglenidae (9), Scenedesmaceae (9), Naviculaceae (8), Selenastraceae (7), and genera Nitzschia (6), Navicula (5), Monoraphidium (5), Trachelomonas (5), Lepocinclis (5). The phototrophic link is formed mainly by diatoms and green phytoplankton planktonic and planktonic-benthic forms and indicates a dynamic hydrological regime of the object. According to saprobic species indicators, the diversity is dominated by β-saprobic (46%) and oligosaprobic (28%) forms. The water of the Kiliya Danube delta corresponds to class III in terms of organic pollution. water quality, which is characterized as \"moderately polluted\" and refers to β-saprobic waters. To determine the similarity of the floristic spectrum presented in different sampling locations, Sorensen coefficients in the range from 0.10 to 0.46 were calculated. types of diversity, in terms of amplitude, the stations on the Danube River (Reni, port) and the Kiliya delta (below the sea station) are most similar to each other, other areas are less similar to each other. It was found that, based on the similarity of the floristic spectrum presented in the samples, the Sorensen coefficients are quite low, and it is justified by the geographical location of the studied object, the dynamics of its hydrological regime, and different environmental conditions. The phytoplankton of the Kiliya Danube delta has a wide spectrum of species diversity relative to its spatial distribution.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83404447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coastal tree and shrub vegetation is an important component of river catchment ecosystems, it performs a wide range of ecological functions and ecosystem services; their effectiveness largely depends on species richness and diversity. Coastal habitats are among the main centers of biodiversity, but they often perform a function of centers of active anthropogenic activity and undergo significant transformation. The creation of a cascade of the Dnipro reservoirs (Kamenske, Zaporizhia (Dniprovske), Kakhovske reservoirs) has already caused the transformations of the Dnipro river flow regime and all biological components of the aquatic and wetland ecosystems in the Northern steppe subzone of Ukraine. In the current period, on the background of global climate change, dendroflora transformation on this territory is enhanced by the anthropogenic impact of industrial cities (Kamenske, Dnipro, Zaporizhzhia). Assessment of dendroflora diversity in coastal zones was carried out within the protective strip of the Dnipro river (100 m): in native phytocenoses; semi-native vegetation associations; water protection plantings; public green spaces (excluding private plots and collections). It was determined that the dendroflora in the coastal protective strips of the Dnipro river within the Northern steppe subzone of Ukraine is characterized by significant taxonomic diversity and includes 184 plant species (excluding their decorative forms) belonging to 37 families. The highest species saturation was typical for the following families: Rosaceae (40 species), Salicaceae (23 species), Fabaceae (11 species), and Oleaceae (9 species). The dendroflora consists of 61 tree species, 78 shrubby species (including lianas) and 45 species that can be represented by both tree and shrubby forms. The highest species richness was recorded in public recreational green spaces: 181 species (98% of the total species number). The coastal tree and shrubby associations included 8 species that belong to rarity ones (the Red List of the Dnipropetrovsk region). The coenomorphic spectrum of dendroflora in coastal protective strips is dominated by culturants (70.7%), autochthonous silvants (19%), stepants (3.2%), silvomargoants (species of forest margins, 4.3%), pratants (1.6%), and paludants (1.1%). There is the dominance of mesophytes (55%) and species with a wide range of adaptations to the humidification conditions of hygrotopes in hygrospectrum (22.8%); mesotrophic species among trophomorphs (53.8%), and sciogeliophytes in heliospectrum (57%). In the dendroflora of the coastal zones of the Dnipro river, alien species completely predominated (71% of the species composition). Among them, 6.9% were invasive, mainly belonging to neophytes. In the current period, an increase in invasive activity is recorded in another 5.3% of adventive (potentially invasive) species. The significant taxonomic and ecomorphic diversity of dendroflora in the coastal zones of the Northern steppe subzone of Ukrain
{"title":"Dendroflora diversity in the coastal zones of the Dnipro river within the Northern steppe subzone of Ukraine","authors":"I. Ivanko, B. Baranovski, V. V. Nikolaieva","doi":"10.15421/032204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032204","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal tree and shrub vegetation is an important component of river catchment ecosystems, it performs a wide range of ecological functions and ecosystem services; their effectiveness largely depends on species richness and diversity. Coastal habitats are among the main centers of biodiversity, but they often perform a function of centers of active anthropogenic activity and undergo significant transformation. The creation of a cascade of the Dnipro reservoirs (Kamenske, Zaporizhia (Dniprovske), Kakhovske reservoirs) has already caused the transformations of the Dnipro river flow regime and all biological components of the aquatic and wetland ecosystems in the Northern steppe subzone of Ukraine. In the current period, on the background of global climate change, dendroflora transformation on this territory is enhanced by the anthropogenic impact of industrial cities (Kamenske, Dnipro, Zaporizhzhia). Assessment of dendroflora diversity in coastal zones was carried out within the protective strip of the Dnipro river (100 m): in native phytocenoses; semi-native vegetation associations; water protection plantings; public green spaces (excluding private plots and collections). It was determined that the dendroflora in the coastal protective strips of the Dnipro river within the Northern steppe subzone of Ukraine is characterized by significant taxonomic diversity and includes 184 plant species (excluding their decorative forms) belonging to 37 families. The highest species saturation was typical for the following families: Rosaceae (40 species), Salicaceae (23 species), Fabaceae (11 species), and Oleaceae (9 species). The dendroflora consists of 61 tree species, 78 shrubby species (including lianas) and 45 species that can be represented by both tree and shrubby forms. The highest species richness was recorded in public recreational green spaces: 181 species (98% of the total species number). The coastal tree and shrubby associations included 8 species that belong to rarity ones (the Red List of the Dnipropetrovsk region). The coenomorphic spectrum of dendroflora in coastal protective strips is dominated by culturants (70.7%), autochthonous silvants (19%), stepants (3.2%), silvomargoants (species of forest margins, 4.3%), pratants (1.6%), and paludants (1.1%). There is the dominance of mesophytes (55%) and species with a wide range of adaptations to the humidification conditions of hygrotopes in hygrospectrum (22.8%); mesotrophic species among trophomorphs (53.8%), and sciogeliophytes in heliospectrum (57%). In the dendroflora of the coastal zones of the Dnipro river, alien species completely predominated (71% of the species composition). Among them, 6.9% were invasive, mainly belonging to neophytes. In the current period, an increase in invasive activity is recorded in another 5.3% of adventive (potentially invasive) species. The significant taxonomic and ecomorphic diversity of dendroflora in the coastal zones of the Northern steppe subzone of Ukrain","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75576588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. L. Domnytska, O. Didur, T. O. Naumova, Y. Lykholat
The multi-vector positioning of the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University Botanical Garden (Dnipro, Ukraine) as an ecological resource, the main functions of which are aimed at preserving, studying, acclimatizing plants, researching the effective use of rare and typical species of local and world flora by creating, replenishing and preserving botanical collections, conducting scientific, educational and tutorial work is reviewed. The resource potential study of the fruit and ornamental plants which are promising for various fields of application is a component of bioeconomy. Such plants include species of the order Lamiales Bromhead. In the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University Botanical Garden (Dnipro, Ukraine) the stock collection of Lamiales order plants on condition of sheltered ground was studied. The paradigm of the modern botanical garden positioned as an ecological resource combining research activities, environmental function, and providing society with cultural ecosystem services is highlighted. An inventory and clarification of the taxonomic composition of Lamiales order representatives was carried out for the stock plant collection. The taxa systematic position was determined according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG IV) classification. It was determined the geographical status of the species (origin) and its life forms. The data of species' endurance of the Lamiales order to low temperatures in the sheltered ground of the Botanical Garden is given. It is shown that the Botanical Garden has a collection of more than 3,500 species of plants, including 900 taxa in the greenhouse fund, and 63 species, 230 species and cultivars belonging to the order Lamiales. It is demonstrated that Lamiales fruit and ornamental crops, which are available in the collection of the stock greenhouse, have antioxidant properties, and extracts from their parts are characterized by antifungal, antibacterial, and antimutagenic effects. Three collection species of the family Gesneriaceae (Streptocarpus ionanthus subsp. velutinus (B. L. Burtt) Christenh., Streptocarpus intermedia (B. L. Burtt) comb. ined., and Kohleria amabilis (Planch. & Linden) Fritsch) belong to the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species. Most members of this order can be considered well-adapted to greenhouse growing conditions (88.9 % of plants in the Lamiales collection bloom). Seven species of the family Acanthaceae are fully adapted and give viable self-seeding. Determining the resource potential of the order Lamiales in the sheltered ground of the National University Botanical Garden showed the presence of plants not only with high decorative qualities, but also species containing an increased amount of biologically active substances with a wide range of antioxidant properties.
本文综述了乌克兰第聂伯罗Oles Honchar国立大学植物园作为生态资源的多载体定位，其主要功能是通过创建、补充和保存植物收藏，研究当地和世界植物的稀有和典型物种的有效利用，开展科学、教育和指导工作。具有广阔应用前景的果树和观赏植物资源潜力研究是生物经济的一个组成部分。这些植物包括斑叶目的各种。在乌克兰第聂伯罗的Oles Honchar国立大学植物园(Dnipro National University Botanical Garden, Dnipro, Ukraine)，研究了遮荫条件下Lamiales目植物的种群采集情况。现代植物园定位为一种集科研活动、环境功能和为社会提供文化生态服务为一体的生态资源。对现有植物进行了清查，并对其分类组成进行了澄清。根据被子植物系统发育组(APG IV)分类确定类群系统位置。确定了该物种的地理地位(起源)及其生活形式。本文给出了在植物园遮荫地中，各物种对低温的耐受力数据。结果表明，该园现有植物3500余种，其中温室基金分类群900余个，片叶目植物63种，230种及栽培品种。研究结果表明，在大棚中收集的叶面属水果和观赏作物具有抗氧化特性，其部分提取物具有抗真菌、抗菌和抗诱变作用。苦苣苔科苦苣苔亚种(Streptocarpus ionanthus subsp)三种。基督教徒。，中间链菌(B. L. Burtt)梳状体。独立董事。(Kohleria amabilis);(林登)弗里奇)属于国际自然保护联盟的濒危物种红色名录。这一目的大多数成员可以被认为很好地适应温室生长条件(88.9%的植物在Lamiales集合开花)。刺科的七个物种完全适应并提供可行的自播。通过对国立大学植物园遮荫地的植物资源潜力测定，发现其不仅具有较高的装饰性，而且含有大量具有广泛抗氧化性能的生物活性物质。
{"title":"The resource potential of fruit and ornamental plants of the order Lamiales in the collection of the Botanical Garden","authors":"I. L. Domnytska, O. Didur, T. O. Naumova, Y. Lykholat","doi":"10.15421/032205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032205","url":null,"abstract":"The multi-vector positioning of the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University Botanical Garden (Dnipro, Ukraine) as an ecological resource, the main functions of which are aimed at preserving, studying, acclimatizing plants, researching the effective use of rare and typical species of local and world flora by creating, replenishing and preserving botanical collections, conducting scientific, educational and tutorial work is reviewed. The resource potential study of the fruit and ornamental plants which are promising for various fields of application is a component of bioeconomy. Such plants include species of the order Lamiales Bromhead. In the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University Botanical Garden (Dnipro, Ukraine) the stock collection of Lamiales order plants on condition of sheltered ground was studied. The paradigm of the modern botanical garden positioned as an ecological resource combining research activities, environmental function, and providing society with cultural ecosystem services is highlighted. An inventory and clarification of the taxonomic composition of Lamiales order representatives was carried out for the stock plant collection. The taxa systematic position was determined according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG IV) classification. It was determined the geographical status of the species (origin) and its life forms. The data of species' endurance of the Lamiales order to low temperatures in the sheltered ground of the Botanical Garden is given. It is shown that the Botanical Garden has a collection of more than 3,500 species of plants, including 900 taxa in the greenhouse fund, and 63 species, 230 species and cultivars belonging to the order Lamiales. It is demonstrated that Lamiales fruit and ornamental crops, which are available in the collection of the stock greenhouse, have antioxidant properties, and extracts from their parts are characterized by antifungal, antibacterial, and antimutagenic effects. Three collection species of the family Gesneriaceae (Streptocarpus ionanthus subsp. velutinus (B. L. Burtt) Christenh., Streptocarpus intermedia (B. L. Burtt) comb. ined., and Kohleria amabilis (Planch. & Linden) Fritsch) belong to the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species. Most members of this order can be considered well-adapted to greenhouse growing conditions (88.9 % of plants in the Lamiales collection bloom). Seven species of the family Acanthaceae are fully adapted and give viable self-seeding. Determining the resource potential of the order Lamiales in the sheltered ground of the National University Botanical Garden showed the presence of plants not only with high decorative qualities, but also species containing an increased amount of biologically active substances with a wide range of antioxidant properties.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77054841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Blinkova, V. Lavrov, O. I. Bordugova, N. Demidova
The main directions of development of biotic diagnostics of disruption of forest ecosystems with modern methodical approaches to assessing their condition according to selection criteria are considered. The issue of indicating the state of the forest ecosystem by the structural parameters of biocomponents occupies an important position among a number of ecological and biological studies. It was established according to an analytical review of the literature. To solve the existing methodological problems of biodiagnosis of anthropogenic transformation of forest ecosystems, it is necessary to evaluate the current state, the mechanisms of their change, which are caused by environmental threats, according to various criteria, and bioindication should be carried out according to ecosystem indicators. Informative diagnostic signs of recreational disturbance of forests of various categories of functional purpose in the initial stages changes are biomorphological, ecomorphic, systematic structures of the grass layer, ecological strategies and ecological valences of species, diversity indices. From the III stage of digression, the tree stand (sanitary, vital structures, taxation indicators) and the soil surface (distribution by status categories) reveal the indicator signs. Violation of recreational and health forests and park plantations in city conditions is manifested by an increase in the contribution of evrybiont species according to edaphic factors, therophytes and species with a primary and secondary strategy, which have the R-sign, a higher index of adventitization of flora (over 20%). To diagnose the consequences of water erosion of soil in mountain systems (Carpathians, Crimea), it is advisable to use the characteristics of different layers of the tree stand and grass layer at all stages of soil erosion digression. Representatives of Poaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Asteraceae with dominance of cryptophytes and therophytes, species with CSR- and R-type strategies are representative. Indicative signs are the ratio of rhizome species to species without formations, as well as species with a creeping aerial shoot to a rosetteless type of shoot. On the gradient of increasing water-erosive transformation of the ecosystem, diagnostic indicators of the structure of ecomorphs are the edaphic factor of humidity and salt regime of the soil, but only by the change in the share of the herbaceous fractions of stenobiont and evrybiont species. Diagnostic signs of moderate and intensive soil erosion degradation are changes in the values of diversity and dominance indices.
{"title":"Synecology diagnostics methodology transformations of the structural and functional organization forest ecosystems","authors":"O. Blinkova, V. Lavrov, O. I. Bordugova, N. Demidova","doi":"10.15421/032203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032203","url":null,"abstract":"The main directions of development of biotic diagnostics of disruption of forest ecosystems with modern methodical approaches to assessing their condition according to selection criteria are considered. The issue of indicating the state of the forest ecosystem by the structural parameters of biocomponents occupies an important position among a number of ecological and biological studies. It was established according to an analytical review of the literature. To solve the existing methodological problems of biodiagnosis of anthropogenic transformation of forest ecosystems, it is necessary to evaluate the current state, the mechanisms of their change, which are caused by environmental threats, according to various criteria, and bioindication should be carried out according to ecosystem indicators. Informative diagnostic signs of recreational disturbance of forests of various categories of functional purpose in the initial stages changes are biomorphological, ecomorphic, systematic structures of the grass layer, ecological strategies and ecological valences of species, diversity indices. From the III stage of digression, the tree stand (sanitary, vital structures, taxation indicators) and the soil surface (distribution by status categories) reveal the indicator signs. Violation of recreational and health forests and park plantations in city conditions is manifested by an increase in the contribution of evrybiont species according to edaphic factors, therophytes and species with a primary and secondary strategy, which have the R-sign, a higher index of adventitization of flora (over 20%). To diagnose the consequences of water erosion of soil in mountain systems (Carpathians, Crimea), it is advisable to use the characteristics of different layers of the tree stand and grass layer at all stages of soil erosion digression. Representatives of Poaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Asteraceae with dominance of cryptophytes and therophytes, species with CSR- and R-type strategies are representative. Indicative signs are the ratio of rhizome species to species without formations, as well as species with a creeping aerial shoot to a rosetteless type of shoot. On the gradient of increasing water-erosive transformation of the ecosystem, diagnostic indicators of the structure of ecomorphs are the edaphic factor of humidity and salt regime of the soil, but only by the change in the share of the herbaceous fractions of stenobiont and evrybiont species. Diagnostic signs of moderate and intensive soil erosion degradation are changes in the values of diversity and dominance indices.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86656880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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